Upload
hanhu
View
388
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
ISITATIMENDE SENQUBOMGOMO YOHLELO LWEZIFUNDO
NOKUHLOLA KUKAZWELONKE
AMABANGA 10-12
IZILIMI
ULIMI LWASEKHAYA
UHLAKA LOKUGCINA
2 | P a g e
INGXENYE YOKU - 1
IsiTatimende seNqubomgomo yoHlelo lweziFundo nokuHlola lukaZwelonke 1.1 Ulwazi lwangaphambilini IsiTatimende soHlelo lweziFundo lukaZwelonke samaBanga R – 12 ( uTAHFUZWE) sikhombisa inqubo mgomo yezinhlelo zokufundisa kanye nezokuhlola emkhakheni wokufunda.
Ukuze kwenziwe ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwaso, kwadingeka ukuthi kube nezichibiyelo ezithile ezizoqala ukusebenza ngoMasingana ka 2012. Kwabe sekubhalwa umqulu owodwa obanzi IsiTatimende senQubomgomo yoHlelo lweziFundo nokuHlola lukaZwelonke saleso naleso sifundo othatha isikhundla seziTatimende zezifundo, imihlahlandlela yokufunda kanye nemiHlahlandlela yokuHlola iziFundo kumaBanga R – 12.
IsiTatimende soHlelo lweziFundo lukaZwelonke samaBanga R – 12 esiguquliwe: UHlelo lokuFunda lukaZwelonke kanye nesiTatimende senQubo mgomo yokuHlola (kuMasingana 2012), kuthatha isikhundla sesiTatimende soHlelo lweziFundo lukaZwelonke samaBanga R – 9 (2002) nesiTatimende soHlelo lweziFundo lukaZwelonke samaBanga 10 – 12 (2004).
Isichibiyelo sesiTatimende soHlelo lweziFundo sikaZwelonke amaBanga R-12 sithatha indawo yalokhu:
(a) Uhlelo lweziFundo lukaZwelonke olubukeziwe amaBanga R-9, iGazethi kahulumeni namba, 23406 ka 31 Meyi,
(b) Uhlelo lweziFundo lukaZwelonke amaBanga 10-12, iGazethi kahulumeni namba, 25545 ka 6 Okthoba 2003 no namba, 27594 ka 17 Meyi 2005.
1.2 Ukubuka ngamafuphi (a) IsiTatimende soHlelo lweziFundo lukaZwelonke samaBanga R – 12 (kuMasingana 2012), simele
inqubomgomo yokufunda nokufundisa ezikoleni zaseNingizimu Afrika futhi siqukethe lokhu: (i) Umqulu woHlelo lokuFunda lukaZwelonke kanye nesiTatimende seNqubo mgomo yokuHlola waleso naleso sifundo esivumelekile esikoleni njengoba sibhalwe emqulwini wenqubo mgomo i- National Senior Certificate: Okusuke kuphaswe elevelini 4 ngokwe National Qualifications Framework (NQF); kanye (ii) Nomqulu wenqubo mgomo i-National Policy pertaining to the programme and promotion requirements of the National Curriculum Statement Grades R-12.
(b) IsiTatimende soHlelo lweziFundo lukaZwelonke samaBanga R – 12 ( kuMasingana 2012), kumele sifundwe sihambisane nale miqulu elandelayo: iNational Protocol for Assessment Grades R-12 (January 2012).
(c) IziTatimende zezifundo, ImiHlahlandlela yezinHlelo zokuFunda kanye nemiHlahlandlela yoluHlola iziFundo yamaBanga R – 9, kanye neyamaBanga 10 - 12 iyekiwe esikhundleni sayo kwafakwa uHlelo lokuFunda lukaZwelonke kanye nesiTatimende senQubomgomo yokuHlola kwamaBanga R – 12 (kuMasingana 2012).
(d) Izingxenye zesiTatimende senQubomgomo yoHlelo lweziFundo nokuHlola kukaZwelonke njengoba zibekwe esahlukweni 2, 3 no 4 kulo mqulu, zenza inkambiso nomgomo wesiTatimende soHlelo lweziFundo lukaZwelonke samaBanga R – 12, ngakho – ke ngokomthetho ka-section 6A we South African Schools Act, 1996 (Act No. 84 of 1996,) znikeza uNgqongqoshe WemFundo eyisiSekelo igunya lokunquma ubuncane obufanele mayelana nemiphumela nomthetho wokulinganisa, kanye nezindlela nemigomo yokuhlola ukuphumelela kwabafundi okuzosetshenziswa ezikoleni zomphakathi kanye nalezo ezizimele.
1.3 Izinhloso ezivamile zoHlelo lokuFunda lwaseNingizimu Afrika (a) IsiTatimende soHlelo lweziFundo lukaZwelonke samaBanga R – 12 sikhombisa lokho okuthathwa
3 | P a g e
ngokuthi kungulwazi, amasu namagugu adinga ukufundwa. Isitatimende siqikelela ukuthi abafundi bathola ulwazi baphinde basebesenzise lolo lwazi nalawo masu ngendlela enomqondo empilweni yabo. Ngale ndlela uhlelo lokufunda lukhuthaza ukugxisha ulwazi ezimweni zalapha, lungakhohliwe umthelela walo emhlabeni wonkana.
(b) IsiTatimende soHlelo lweziFundo lukaZwelonke samaBanga R – 12 sihlose lokhu: Ukuhlomisa abafundi, noma ngabe bavela kuziphi izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho, ubuzwe, ubulili, ikhono ngokomzimba nengqondo, ngolwazi, amasu nokungamagugu adingekayo ukuze bakwazi ukuzigculisa, nokubamba iqhaza elibonakalayo emphakathini njengezakhamuzi zezwe elikhululekile.
Ukuvumela abafundi ukuba bangene emikhakheni yemfundo ephakeme. Ukwenza kube lula kubafundi ukwedlulela ezikhungweni zemisebenzi emva kokuqeda esikoleni. Ukwedlulisela kubaqashi ulwazi oluphelele ngamakhono omfundi.
(c) IsiTatimende soHlelo lweziFundo lukaZwelonke samaBanga R – 12 sesekwe yile migomo elandelayo: Ukuguquka kwezenhlalo yomphakathi; ukubhekelela ukungalingani kwezemfundo ngesikhathi
esedlule ukuze kulungiswe, nokuthi amathuba okufunda alinganayo atholwe yiwo wonke umphakathi.
Ukufunda ngekhuphekhuphe nangeso elihlolayo; ukukhuthaza ukufunda ngale ndlela yokufunda, kunokuthi abafundi bamane bagxishe emakhanda lokho abanikwe khona bebe bengayiqondi incazelo yakho;
Ulwazi oluphakeme namakhono aphakeme, ubuncane obumukelekile umthetho wokulinganisa ulwazi okumele luzuzwe ebangeni ngalinye kumele bucaciswe, kubekwe nemigomo ephezulu okumele izuzwe kuzo zonke izifundo .
Inqubekela phambili yolwazi; okuqukethwe nengqikithi yalelo nalelo banga kukhombise inqubekela phambili ukusuka kokulula kuya kokulukhuni.
Amalungelo esintu, ukudidiyela, ubulungiswa bezemvelo nezenhlalo yomphakathi; ukufaka imigomo nenkambiso yobulungiswa bezemvelo nezenhlalo kanye namalungelo esintu njengoba echaziwe emThethosisekelweni waseNingizimu Afrika. IsiTatimende soHlelo lweziFundo lukaZwelonke samaBanga 10 – 12 (UmGudu wokuFunda Jikelele) sinozwela ezindabeni zokwehlukahlukana kwesintu njengobuphofu, ukungalingani, ubuzwe, ubulili, ulimi, ubudala nokukhubazeka kanye nezinye izimo;
Ukwazisa ngezinhlelo zolwazi lwendabuko; ukwazisa ukunotha komlando namasiko alelizwe, nomthelela obalulekile wokufundisa ngamagugu aqukethwe ngumThethosisekelo okube nawo njengomsuka wenguquko ukusiza ekuguquleni amagugu abafundi; kanye
Nokukholakala, uhlonze ukwenza ngempumelelo; ukuhlinzeka ngohlobo lwemfundo olungaqhathaniseka ngokuqeqesheka, ukuphakama nobubanzi naleyo yakwamanye amazwe.
(d) IsiTatimende soHlelo lweziFundo lukaZwelonke samaBanga R – 12 luhlose ukukhiqiza abafundi abazokwazi :
Ukubona baxazulule izinkinga, bakwazi nokwenza izinqumo besebenzisa ukucabanga ngokuhlaziya nangobuchule;
Ukusebenza ngokuzinikela nabanye njengamalungu eqembu; Ukulungiselela, bakwazi ukuziphatha bona baphathe nemisebenzi yabo ngokuyikho. Ukuqoqa, bahlaziye , bahlele, bahlanganise, bahlolisise ngokucubungula ulwazi. Ukuxoxisana ngempumelelo besebenzisa izinto ezibukwayo, ukufanekisa ngezimpawu kanye
namanye amakhono olimi ezimeni ezahlukene; Ukusebenzisa isayensi nobuchwepheshe ngempumelelo nangokuhlolisisa bekhombisa
nokuzinikela kwezemvelo kanye nempilo yabanye; kanye Nokukhombisa ukuqondisisa umhlaba njengenkundla yezinhlelo ezihlobene ngokubona ukuthi
izimo zokuxazulula izinkinga azenzeki ngazodwana. (e) Ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo zabantu yikho okumele kube ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi,
ukulungiselela nokufundisa kuleso naleso sikole. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma bonke othisha bekuqonda kahle ukuthi bazobabona futhi babasize kanjani abafundi abanezihibe ekufundeni, nokuthi
4 | P a g e
bazokuhlelela kanjani ukwehlukahlukana kwabafundi. Okusemqoka ngokuhlanganisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izithuyo ziyagudluzwa ngayo yonke indlela esikoleni, ngo----,amt--- okwelekelela esifundo nasesikoleni. Abazali kanye nezikole zabakhubazekile nazo ezingasetshenziswa. Ukugudluza izithiyo emakilasini. Othisha bangasebenzisa izinhlelo zezifundo njengalezo ezitholakala kulokhu: Guidelines for Inclusive Teaching and Learning (2010)
1.4 Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi 1.4.1 I - Foundation Phase
(a) Isikhathi sokufundisa sezifundo emkhakheni we-Foundation Phase sinjengoba sikhonjisiwe kuleli thebula elingezansi:
Isifundo Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi ngamasonto (amahora)
I. ULimi lwasEkhaya II. I - Mathematics
III. I - Life Skills • Beginning Knowledge • I - Arts and Craft • I - Physical Education • I - Health Education
10 (11) 7 6 (7) 1 (2) 2 2 1
(b) Isikhathi sokufundisa samabanga R, 1 no 2 amahora angama – 23 kuthi iIbanga 3 kube
ngamahora angama-25. (c) Izilimi zabelwe amahora ayi-10 emaBangeni R-2 kanye namahora ayi-11 eBangeni 3. Isibalo
esiphezulu samahora ayisi-8 nesibalo esiphansi esingamahora ayi-7 sabelwe uLimi lwasEkhayauLimi lwasEkhaya kanye nesibalo esiphansiesingamahora amabili nesibalo esiphezulu esingamahora amathathu seziLimi Zokwengeza emaBangeni R-2 . EBangeni lesi-3 isibalo esiphezulu esingamahora ayisi-8 nobuncane obungamahora ayisi-7 sabelwe iziLimi Zasekhaya kanye nobuncane obungamahora ama-2 nobuningi obuphezulu obungamahora ama-4 oLimini Lokwengeza.
(d) Esifundweni seLife Skills neBeginning Knowledge, kwabiwe ihora eli-1 emaBangeni R-2 kanye namahora ama – 2 njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngamahora kubakaki ethebulini eBangeni lesi-3:
1.4.2 I- Intermediate Phase
(a) Leli thebula elingezansi likhombisa izifundo nesikhathi sokufundisa esibekiwe e-Intermediate Phase.
Isifundo Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi ngamasonto (amahora)
IV. ULimi lwasEkhaya V. Ulimi LokuQala LokwEngeza
VI. I - Mathematics VII. I - Science and Technology VIII. I - Social Sciences IX. I - Life Skills
• I - Creative Arts • I - Physical Education
X. I - Religion Studies
6 5 6 3.5 3 4 1.5 1.5 1
5 | P a g e
1.4.3 I - Senior Phase
(a) Isikhathi sokufundisa e- Senior Phase simi ngale ndlela:
Isifundo Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi ngamasonto (amahora)
I. ULimi lwasEkhaya II. Ulimi LokuQala LokwEngeza III. I - Mathematics IV. I - Natural Sciences V. I - Social Sciences VI. I - Technology
VII. I - Economic Management Sciences VIII. I - Life Orientation IX. I - Arts and Culture
5 4 4.5 3 3 2 2 2 2
1.4.4 AmaBanga 10-12
(b) Isikhathi sokufundisa emabangeni 10 – 12 simi ngale ndlela:
Isifundo Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi ngamasonto (amahora)
I. ULimi lwasEkhaya II. Ulimi LokuQala LokwEngeza III. I - Mathematics IV. I - Life Orientation V. Ama - Three Electives
4.5 4.5 4.5 2 12 (3x4h)
Ukwabiwa kwamamaki ngamasonto kungasetshenziswa kuphela ezidingweni zengcosane yezifundo zikaTAHFUZWE njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla, kungaphinda kusetshenziswe kunoma yiziphi izifundo ezengeziwe ohlwini lwenani lezifundo ezivunyelwe. Uma umfundi efisa ukwengeza ezinye izifundo, isikhathi kumele sandiswe ukwamukela lezo zifundo.
6 | P a g e
INGXENYE YESI - 2
Ukwethulwa kwezilimi 2.1 Izilimi oHlelweni lokuFunda lukaZwelonke kanye nesiTatimende senQubo mgomo yokuHlola Ulimi ithuluzi lokucabanga nokukhuluma. Ukufunda ukusebenzisa ulimi ngempumelelo kwenza kube lula kubafundi ukuba bathole ulwazi, ukusho imvelaphi yabo, imizwa nemibono, nokuxhumana empilweni yabo yonke. Ukwehlukana nokuhlobana ngamasiko nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana bakhiwa buvezwe ngalo ulimi. Yilo futhi ulimi olungathuthukisa lobu budlelwane. Amazinga olimi Izilimi ezifundwayo emabangeni 10-12, zimbandakanya zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni eNingizimu Afrika, okuyisiBhunu, isiNgisi, isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu, Sepedi (Sesotho saLeboa), Sesotho, Setswana, Siswati, Tshivenda and Xitsonga, ulimi olukhulunywa kusetshenziswa izitho zomzimba, kanye nalezo zilimi ezingekho emthethweni. Lezi zilimi zingafundiswa emazingeni ehlukene.
ULimi lwasEkhayaULimi lwasEkhayayilo abafundi abalufunda kuqala. Noma kunjalo izikole eziningi eNingizimu Afrika azilufundisi uLimi lwasEkhayauLimi lwasEkhayalwabo bonke abafundi ababhalise kuleso naleso sikole, kunalokho kufundiswa ulimi olulodwa noma izilimi ezimbili ngezinga lolimi lwaseKhaya. Ngakho-ke igama elithi uLimi lwasEkhaya, noLimi lokuQala lokwEngeza, kusho kuphela impumelelo yokufundisa ngalelo zinga, akusho ulimi abafundi abaluncela (abaluncela) noma abalufunda (njengoba kwenzeka ezilimini ezengeziwe). Ukuze kungabi bikho ukudideka kulo mqulu, uma kukhulunywa ngolimi lwaseKhaya kushiwo izinga okufundiswa ngalo, hhayi ulimi uqobo.
Izinga loLimi lwaseKhaya yilona oluqhakambisa ukusetshenziswa kolimi ngempumelelo, okuyikhona okukhombisa ikhono lokuxhumana okunhlobonhlobo okudingekayo empilweni. Leli khono liphinda lisize lapho kufundwa nezinye izifundo ezibhalwe ohlelweni lwezifundo ezidinga ukucabanga okujulile. Ekufundisweni kolimi kuleli zinga lolimi kugcizelelwa ikhono lokulalela, ikhono lokukhuluma, ikhono lokukha ngeso, ikhono lokufunda nekhono lokubhala. Noma kunjalo isisindo samamaki okulalela nokukhuluma kusukela eBangeni lesi-7 kuya phezulu singaphansi kwaleso sokufunda nokubhala.
Izinga loLimi LokuQala LokwEngeza lwenza kubukeke sengathi abafundi basuke bengenalo ulwazi lwalolu limi ngenkathi beqala esikoleni. Uhlelo lwezifundo emabangeni aphansi lubheke ekuthuthukisseni ikhono lomfundi ukuze aluqonde futhi akwazi nokulukhuluma. Leli zinga liqhakambisa ukusetshenziswa kolimi ngempumelelo, okuyikhona okukhombisa ikhono lokuxhumana okunhlobonhlobo okudingekayo empilweni yansukuzonke yokuxhumana komphakathi nasemfundweni. Ebangeni lesi-2 nelesi-3 baqala ukubhala nokufunda ngalolu limi abasuke kade bekhuluma ngalo. Lapha, abafundi baphinde balekelelwe ulwazi lwabo loLimi lwasEkhaya. Leli
7 | P a g e
khono liphinda lisize lapho kufundwa nezinye izifundo ezibhalwe ohlelweni lwezifundo ezidinga ukucabanga okujulile. Ngakho-ke ULimi LokuQala LokwEngeza lungasetshenziswa njengolimi lokufunda nokufundisa.
Emazingeni aphakathi nendawo kanye nathe-thuthu abafundi baqhubekela phambili bathuthukise amakhono abo okulalela, ukukhuluma, ukubhala kanye nokufunda. Yilesi sikhathi-ke lapho abafundi befunda khona ngoLimi lokuQala lokwEngeza, futhi kusuke sekudingeka ukuthi banikezwe amathuba athe-xaxa, okulufunda. Kusuke sekudingeka ukuthi kugcizelelwe nokuthi bacabange ngalo lolu Limi lukuQala nokwEngeza. Lokhu kuphinde kuthuthukise ikhono lokuhluzeka komqondo abasuke belidinga ekufundeni izifundo okusuke kuzodingeka ukuthi bazifunde ngoLimi lokuQala lokwEngezalo. Emva kwalokho bagxila kakhudlwana emibhalweni nasekukheni ngeso nangengqondo ngoLimi lokwEngeza.
Kothi ngenkathi laba bafundi beqamba befika ebangeni le-10, bebesebezihambela-nje oLimini lokwEngeza. Nokho-ke okuhlalukayo, ukuthi kuleli zinga baningi abafundi abasuke bengakakwazi ukusebenzisa uLimi lokwEngeza ekuxhumaneni ngempumelelo. Inselelo yasemangeni le-10 kuya kwele-12 ukuthi laba bafundi balekelelwe futhi kuphinde kwethulwe uhlelo lokubeseka, ukuze bakwazi ukufinyelela emazingeni adingeka ebangeni le-12. Lawo mazinga yilawo angenza ukuthi abafundi bakwazi ukusebenzisa uLimi lokwEngeza ngempumeleolo ebangeni le-12. Kwenzelwe ukuthi bamelane nokulusebenzisa ezimeni ezijulile emazingeni aphakeme emfundo.
2.2 Inhlosongqangi yokufunda izilimi Ukufunda ulimi kumele kusize abafundi ngokuthi bakwazi uku:
• Thola amakhono olimi adingekayo ekufundeni zonke izifundo ezisohlelweni lokufunda.
• Lalela, akhulume, afunde/abukele abuye abhale/ethule ulimi ngokuzethemba nangenjabulo. La makhono nezimo yikho okuyisisekelo sokufunda kwempilo yonke.
• Ukusebenzisa ulimi ngendlela efanele ezimweni zempilo kubhekelelwa izethameli, inhloso nezimo.
• Ukuveza nokwesekela imibono, imicabango nemizwa yabo ngokukhuluma nangokubhala ngokuzethemba ukuze bakwazi ukuzimela nokucabanga ngokuhlaziya.
• Ukusebenzisa ulimi nemicabango yabo ukuze bazazi bona ngokwabo, baphinde bazi nomhlaba abaphila kuwo. Lokhu kuzokwenza bakwazi ukukhombisa ulwazi lwabo nalokho abakufundile ngomhlaba jikelele, bekusho ngomlomo babuye babhale.
• Ukusebenzisa ulimi ekufinyeleleni nasekwengameleni ulwazi lokufunda kulo lonke uhlelo lokufunda nakwezinye izimo ezinhlobonhlobo. Ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala luyikhono elibaluleke kakhulu “esikhathini solwazi”, lwakha isisekelo semfundo eqhubeka unomphela empilweni yomuntu.
• Ukusebenzisa ulimi ukuze bakwazi ukucabanga bahlolisise; ukuveza imibono ephusile ngezinto eziphathelene nokuziphatha nalokho okungamagugu; ukusebenzisa amathekisthi anhlobonhlobo ngokuhlolisisa, abafundi bakwazi ukubona nokuphonsa inselelo ngendlela yokubona izinto, okungamagugu, ubudlelwane bamandla obutholakala phakathi kwamathekisthi, nokufunda amathekisthi ngenhloso ethile njengokuzijabulisa ukucwaninga noma ukuhlola
8 | P a g e
2.3. Ukubuka ngamafuphi uhlelo lolimi Nawa amakhono okukhulunywa ngawo kulo mqulu:
Amakhono olimi Ukulalela • Inqubo yokulalela
o Ngaphambi kokulalela o Ukulalela o Ngemuva kokulalela
• Ukulalela ngenhloso yokuthola ulwazi oluthile • Ukulalela ngenhloso yokuhlaziya nokuhlolisisa • Ukulalela ngenhloso yokuncoma Ukukhuluma • Inqubo namasu okukhuluma
o Ukulungiselela, ukucwaninga kanye nokuhlela
o Ukwethula • Izimpawu nezimo zamathekisthi okuxhumana
ngokukhuluma
Ukufunda nokubukela • Inqubo yokufunda
o Ngaphambi kokufunda o Ukufunda o Ngemuva kokufunda
• Izindlela namasu asetshenziswayo ngesikhathi sokufunda
• Ukuthuthuka kohla lwamagama kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho nokuhleleka kwamathekisthi • Izimpawu zamathekisthi ayimibhalo • Ukubhala nokwethula Inqubo yokubhala • Ukulungiselela / Ngaphambi kokubhala • Ukwakha uhlaka • Ukubuyekeza • Ukulungisa amaphutha • Ukufunda - kuhlunga • Ukwethula • Izakhiwo nezimo zolimi ngesikhathi kubhalwa Izimpawu zamathekisthi abhaliwe Izakhiwo kanye nezimiso zolimi
2.4 Izizathu zokufundisa amakhono olimi Ukulalela nokukhuluma kuwumgogodla wazo zonke izifundo. Ngokusebenzisa ngempumelelo amasu okulalela nokukhuluma, abafundi baqonda babuye bahlanganise ulwazi, bakhe ulwazi baxazulule izinkinga bakwazi nokweneka imibono nemicabango yabo. Amakhono okulalela ngokuhlolisisa enza abafundi bakwazi ukubona amagugu nezimo ezimbelwe emibhalweni, nokuphonsa inselelo olimini olubandlululayo nolukhohlisayo. Wonke la makhono okuxhumana ngokukhuluma adluliswa abonakaliswe ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo zolimi ngendlela efanele. Ukufunda izakhiwo zolimi kumele kusize ekuthini ukuxhumana ngokukhuluma kube yimpumelelo, nokuthi kubonakale izimo ulimi olusetshenziswa kuzo, okungaba ukuveza imizwa yakho; ukwethula isikhulumi; ukunikeza imiyalelo nemikhombandlela. Amakhono okulalela afundiswayo azokhonjiswa uhlobo lombhalo kanye nenhloso yolalele. Ukufunda nokubukela nakho kuwumgogodla ekufundeni okuyimpumelelo kulo lonke uhlelo lwezifundo, nasekuzimbandakanyeni emphakathini nasemsebenzini. Abafundi bathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe ekufundeni nasekubukeleni uhla olubanzi lwamathekisthi, ngisho namathekisthi abukelwayo ukuthola ulwazi. Abafundi babona ukuthi uhlobo lwamathekisthi nolimi olusethenziswa ngokwenhloso, izethameli nesimo luveza kanjani inhloso, izethameli nesimo samathekisthi. Ukuqonda nokuhumusha okubhaliwe nokubukelwayo kuba yimpumelelo uma umfundi eqonda izakhiwo nezimiso kanye nolwazi lwakhe ngempilo. Izimiso zolimi zisiza abafundi ukuba baqonde indlela amathekisthi akhiwe ngayo. Abafundi kumele basebenzise amasu angaphambi kokufunda, awokufunda kanye nawangemuva kokufunda, ukuze bakwazi ukuqonda nokuhumusha amathekisthi anhlobonhlobo, njengokucabangela, ukucacisa, nokulinganisa. Abafundi kumele basebenzise izindlela zangaphambi kukofunda, njengokugijimisa amehlo embhalweni, ukuze bathole izimpawu zawo, izingxenye zencwadi nezakhiwo zezigaba / zamathekisthi, babheke nokuthi lokho kunamthelela muni emqondweni walokho okushiwoyo. Abafundi badinga ukusizwa ukuze bathole uhla lwamagama ngokufunda amathekisthi anhlobonhlobo. Kulo mkhakha wokugcina wokufunda, imisebenzi eminingi ayidingi kugcizelela okutheni ngoba beyilokhu iyingxenye yabafundi emabangeni aphansi.
9 | P a g e
Ukubhala (nokwethula) kunika abafundi ithuba lokwakha nokuxhumana nokubeka imicabango ngendlela ebumbene. Ukubhala njalo imibhalo enhlobonhlobo, imisebenzi nezifundo kwenza abafundi bakwazi ukuxhumana ngendlela enohlonze, bakwazi nokuziqambela imibhalo yabo. Inhloso yalokhu, ukukhiqiza ababhali abanekhono lokubhala abazokwazi ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwabo bakhiqize imibhalo enembayo ebhaliwe, ebonwayo, nesebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuxhumana, ngenhloso ethile. Ulwazi lwezakhiwo nezimiso zolimi kuzosiza abafundi bakwazi ukukhiqiza amathekisthi abumbene. Izakhiwo zolimi kumele zifundiswe ukuze bakwazi ukwakha ngazo amathekisthi ngesimo abaphila kuso. Ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo zolimi kumele kugxile ekuhlaziyeni imisho ezihambela yodwa. Kumele kuchazwe indlela imisho ehleleke ngayo ukuze kwakheke ithekisthi, njengezindatshana ezimfushane , ama-eseyi, izincwadi nemibiko nokufundwa ngabafundi esikoleni. La makhono angenhla kumele adidiyelwe. Lapho kudidiyelwa, ikhono okuqondenwe nalo ngqo, lingagcina selenzeka kwelinye, isib. umfundi olungiselela inkulumo mpikiswano angafunda indaba / i-eseyi eqophisanayo bese ekwazi ukuzibhalela eyakhe enjalo, esebenzisa izakhiwo zolimi njengamagama aphikisanayo, noma asho okufanayo, ukulandula, izihlanganiso njll. Izakhiwo nezimiso zolimi zibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekuqondeni ngasekukhiqizeni amathekisthi akhulunywayo nabhalwayo, ngakho-ke kudingeka adidiyelwe nala makhono ashiwo ngenhla. 2.5 Izindlela zokufundisa ulimi Izindlela zokufundisa ulimi kulo mqulu; Inqubo esekwe ethekisthini, inqubo yokufunda ulimi ngokulusebenzisa, ukudidiyela kanye nokuhlola inqubo. Inqubo esekwe ethekisthini, nenqubo yokufunda ulimi ngokulusebenzisa, zeyeme kakhulu ekusebenziseni ulimi nasemathekisthini akhiqiziwe.
INqubo esekwe ethekisthini inenhloso yokwenza ukuba abafundi bakwazi ukuzenzela, bazethembe nokuba abafundi abahlolisisayo, abalobi, ababukeli nabaqambi bamathekisthi. Imbandakanya ukufunda, ukubukela nokuhlaziya amathekisthi ukuze baqonde ukuthi amathekisthi akhiqizwa kanjani nokuthi yini imiphumela yawo. Kubuye kumbandakanye ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezehlukene zamathekisthi. Ngalokhu kusebenzisa amathekisthi, abafundi bafunda ngokuhlolisisa ngokulinganisa amathekisthi. Amathekisthi angempela yiwona awumthombo wolwazi nezimo zokufunda ulimi ngokulusebenzisa, ukudidiyela nokufundiswa kolimi. Amathekisthi akhiqizwa ezimweni ezithile, ngenhloso ethile, nezethameli ezithile engqondweni. Le nqubo yeyeme olwazini lokuthi amathekisthi akhiwa kanjani.
Inqubo yokufundisa ulimi ngokulusebenzisa ichaza ukuthi uma kufundwa ulimi umfundi kumele alusebenzise kakhulu ulimi abuye athole amathuba amaningi okuzilolonga ngalo. Abafundi bafunda ukufunda ngokuthi banikwe ithuba lokufunda okubhaliwe, bafunde nokubhala uma bethola ithuba elanele lokubhala. Inqubo yendlela yokwenza kusetshenziswa uma abafundi bekhiqiza amathekisthi omlomo nabhaliwe. Abafundi bazimbandakanye ezigabeni eziningi zokulalela, ukukhuluma, ukufunda, nezinqubo zokubhala. Kumele bacabange ngezethameli kanye nenhloso ngesikhathi kuqhutshekwa nokufunda. Lokhu kuzobasiza bakwazi ukuxhumana babeke nemibono yabo ngokukhululeka, isb. ukufundiswa kokubhala akugxili emkhiqizweni kuphela, kodwa kubhekwa inhloso kanye nenqubo yokubhala. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubhala, abafundi bafundiswa ukuhlanganisa imibono, ukucabanga ngenhloso nezethameli, ukubhala uhlaka, ukulungisa umsebenzi wabo, nokwethula osekubhaliwe, okubonakalisa ukucabanga kwabo.
Indlela yokufundisa imibhalo:
Isizathu esisemqoka sokufunda imibhalo emakilasini ukuthuthukisa abafundi babe nozwela ngendlela ulimi olusetshenziswe ngayo, okungaba yizifengqo, izimpawu, inkulumo esobala, nokudepha kwalokho abakufundayo. Nanxa imibhalo eminingi igcwele amahlaya, izibonakaliso, ababhali abazimisele ngokubhala , babhala amanoveli, imidlalo izinkondlo ngoba banemicabango nemibono nezinkolelo abafuna ukwabelana
10 | P a g e
ngazo, noma abafuna ukuzibonakalisa kwabafundayo. Ukusebenzisa kwabo ulimi ngendlela eletha izithombe engqondweni, kuyindlela eyengeziwe yokwembula, ukuqinisa nokugqamisa imibono yabo.
Ukufundisa imibhalo akulula neze, kodwa angeke kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuphawula nokuhumusha ngokwethembeka okwenziwa ngabafundi. Uma bengakwazanga ukuthi baqonde ithekisthi bona ngokwabo, bazobe bengafundanga lutho olutheni. Akudingekile ukuthi othisha kube yibo abafunza abafundi incazelo, abafundi yibo okumele bazimbandakanye ekuchazweni kombhalo. Ukuhumusha akubheki ukuthi ubani okhuluma iqiniso nalowo osho okungeyikho. Kuphela kubhekwa lokho okwakha umqondo kofundayo.
Indlela engcono yokufundisa imibhalo kungafaka lokhu okulandelayo: • Akufundwe ithekisthi ekilasini, kungaphazamiseki ngenxa yokunika abafundi umsebenzi. Umsebenzi akube
yikho ukufunda umbhalo ekilasini. Akungeqi emasontweni amabili. Kubalulekile ukuba abafundi baqonde kahle ukuthi kwenzekani kusaqalwa nje ukufundwa kwencwadi. Ukufunda incwadi isikhathi eside kubambezela abafundi ekuthini baqonde incwadi nesakhiwo sayo. Amanye amakilasi angakwazi ukufunda ngaphandle kokusizwa. Empeleni, yikho lokho okumele kukhuthazwe. Ukuhluzwa kwenkondlo kumele kufundwe hhayi ukuthi kugcinwe ngokuhaya inkondlo. Akwenziwe izinkondlo eziningi ukuze abafundi nabo bagcine sebebhala.
• Ukuhumusha imibhalo empeleni kuyisifundo esifanele inyuvesi, akudingekile ukuthi abafundi benze lo msebenzi kuleli zinga. Noma kunjalo, inhloso yokufundisa amathekisthi ombhalo ukukhombisa abafundi ukuthi ulimi lwabo lungasetshenziswa kanjani ngobuhlakani, ngobuchule, ngokufanekisa, nangamandla okulandela umkhondo. Lokhu kudinga kubhekwe ukuthi ithekisthi yakhiwe kanjani, ukukhohlisa okukuyo, ukuhleleka nokugcizeleleka okushiwoyo. Lo msebenzi ungaze udinge ukuhlola ukuthi imifanekiso mqondo ikhona yini.; uma ikhona, enjani, futhi kungani kukhethwe yona ; izakhiwo zemisho nezigaba, noma ukubumbeka kwenkondlo; ukukhethwa kwamagama, umqondo oqhubekayo ethekisthini; ukusetshenziswa kwezimpawu, imisindo nemibala lapho kudingeke khona. Wonke lo msebenzi kumele ususelwe embhalweni, kodwa ukuhumusha umugqa nomugqa ngokwehlukana kuyawubulala umbhalo.
• Imibhalo eqanjiwe kumele ifundiswe kanye namathekisthi emibhalo. Imisebenzi ebhalwayo echaza kabanzi ngombhalo ofundiwe ingaba wusizo ekufinyeleleni emazingeni aphezulu okuncoma kubafundi. Izingxoxo emakilasini zingaba yimpumelelo uma bonke abafundi bezimbandakanya. Kodwa-ke izingxoxo ezigcina ngomsebenzi obhaliwe ziba nomphumela ongcono.
• Elokugcina, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi imibhalo ayibheki ukuthi impendulo ilungile noma cha: Kuyedukisa ukuthi inkondlo isho ukuthini, inqobo nje uma ofundayo esekela akushoyo ngokucaphuna enkondlweni. Ithekisthi yonke isho okuthile, hhayi izingxenye ezahlukene. Ukufunda ithekisthi kumbandakanya umbhalo wonke ngokuhunyushwa, ukuqamba, ukwenza ngokwakho nokuhlola umbhalo.
2.6 Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi ohlelweni lokufunda Uhlelo lokufunda uLimi lwasEkhaya lusebenzisa 4.5 amahora ngesonto, enyakeni wokufunda wamasonto angama – 40. Konke okuqukethwe ulimi kufundiswa ngomzungezo wamasonto amabili, okungamahora ayisi-9 ngomzungezo wamasonto amabili. Akudingekile ukuthi othisha lolu hlelo baluthathe njengolungumnqamulajuqu, kodwa kufanele benze isiqiniseko ukuthi amakhono olimi afundiswa ngokuvama. Ukwabiwa kwamamaki okufundisa amakhono olimi kwehlukene emabangeni e-10 nele- 11 amasonto angama-36. Amasonto amane abekelwe ukuhlola. Isikhathi solimi lwaseKhaya ebangeni le-12, amasonto angama- 30. Amasonto ayishumi abekelwe ukuhlola. Isikhathi sokufundisa kumele sibe namaphiriyodi amabili aqhubekayo isonto nesonto. Nasi isikhathi esiphakanyisiwe ukufundisa amakhono olimi ehlukene ngomzungezo wamasonto amabili:
11 | P a g e
Amakhono Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi
somzungezo ngamunye wamasonto amabili
(amahora)
%
*Ukulalela nokukhuluma 1 10 *Ukufunda nokubukela : Isifundo sokuqondisisa nolimi 4 45 *Ukubhala nokwethula 4 45 *Izakhiwo zolimi nokusethenziswa kwazo ziyadidiyelwa zifundiswe kanye nala makhono olimi angenhla. 2.7 Izidingo zokufundisa uLimi lwasEkhaya njengesifundo
• Umfundi ngamunye kumele abe: (a) Nencwadi yolimi eyamukelekile (b) Ezintathu kulezi zincwadi ezivumelekile / ezibekelwe ukufundwa:
Inoveli/ubuciko bomlomo Idrama izinkondlo
(c) Isichazamazwi (d) Izinto zokuzakaza eziphathelene nezinto ezibonakalayo : Amaphephandaba namaphephabhuku
• Uthisha kumele abe nalokhu: (a) UHlelo lokuFunda lukaZwelonke kanye nesiTatimende seNqubo mgomo yokuHlola (b) InQubo yokuFundisa iziLimi ( i-LiEP) (c) Incwadi yolimi esetshenziswa ngabafundi, nezinye izincwadi eziyimithombolwazi ukwelekelela lezo ezimiselwe ukufunda (d) Ezintathu kulezi zincwadi ezivumelekile / ezibekelwe ukufundwa: Inoveli/ubuciko bomlomo Idrama izinkondlo
(c) Isichazamazwi (d) Izinto zokusakaza eziphathelene nezinto ezibonakalayo : Amaphephandaba namaphephabhuku
12 | P a g e
INGXENYE 3 Okuqukethwe kanye namasu okufundisa amakhono olimi
Le ngxenye ihlukene izigaba ezimbili, okuqukethwe kwamakhono olimi kanye namasu okufundisa. 3.1 Ukulalela nokukhuluma Inqubo yokulalela • Ngaphambi kokulalela
Hlela isimo ngqondo Ukwakha intshisekelo Ukuvuselela uhlu lwamagama Bikezela ingqikithi Ukuthola ulwazi abanalo ngesihloko Ukwakha ulwazi ngaphambi kokulalela Buyekeza amazinga okulalela Yakha inhloso yokulalela
• Ngesikhathi sokulalela
Hlaziya Umyalezo Isikhulumi Ubufakazi besikhulumi, ukucabanga kanye nesimo avele eyiso Yakha ubudlelwano bengqondo Thola incazelo Buza imibuzo Ukubikezela kanye nokqinisekisa okubikezelwe Buyekeza nokulinganisa
• Emva kokulalela
Buza imibuzo Khuluma ngalokhu okwethulwe isikhulumi Xoxa kafuphi obekwethulwa Buyekeza amanothi Hlaziya ubuye ulinganise ngokuhlolisisa abakuzwile Akwenziwe imisebenzi ezothuthukisa imicabango edingekayo Buyekeza obekwethulwa
Ukulalela ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthile Emhlabeni wonke jikelele abantu abalalelayo yibona abakwazi ukunikeza izimpendulo eziphusile kunalabo abezwayo-nje. Emhlabeni wonke jikelele njengoba usuwaphathwa ubuchcwepheshe obuningi obuveza imisindo, umculo kanye nokunye, ukuzinikela ekulaleleni kubaluleke kakhulu. Okuningi okubhalwe ngezansi , okuvela ngamazinga ahlukene ngokwenqubo yokulalela ebhalwe ngenhla, kakujwayelekile kubafundi abakuleli banga, nothisha kumele basebenzise lokhu ababona ukuthi abafundi babo bakudinga kakhulu.
• ukuqubula ulwazi lwaphambilini ngaphambi kokulalela • ukuqinisekisa inhloso yesikhulumi • ukuzinikele ngokugcwele ekulaleleni ukhombise intshisekelo • ukuhlwaya incazelo • ukubheka ukuqonda kwakho umbiko ngokuxhumanisa, ngokwenza nokugcizelela ukuqagula, ukwenza
okuqondiswayo, ngokulinganisa kanye nokujeqeza emuva • ukuthatha amanothi abalulekile, uklame, uhlukanise, ufingqe, wakhe uhla lokukhona nokungekho,
13 | P a g e
ukuphinda okushiwoyo ngamagama akho, ukuphinda uxoxe okushiwoyo, ukuchaza. • ukuhlukanisa umbiko esikhulumini • ukuqaphela isimo somqondo kanye nemibala yamagama • Ukubona, ukuhlaziya kanye nokuhlolisisa imibiko • ukuqonda umyalelo, inkombandlela kanye nendlela yokwenza • ukuhlukanisa imibonongqangi kanye nesekelayo • ukuqhuba ulwazi ngoku: qhathanisa, ukuhlonipha imiyalelo, gcwalisa ezikhaleni, thola umahluko,
ukubeka uphawu, dlulisela ulwazi, landelanisa, qhathanisa, hlaziya incazelo • ukulandelela kokwethuliwe ngoku: phendula imibuzo, ukubuyekeza amanothi, ukuhlobanisa
imibono, ukufingqa, ukucacisa, ukubuyekeza, ukukhuluma noma ukubhala
Ukulalela ukuze uhlaziye ngokujulile kanye nangokuhlolayo
Lonke lolu luhlu olubhalwe ngezansi lwelekelela ekufundweni kwamathekisthi ayimibhalo, umbhalo wesikhangiso kanye nombhalo wepolitiki. Emva komsebenzi wokulalela, othisha kumele banikeze abafundi ithuba lokuxoxisana bebodwa, kanti kuba kuhle ukuthi lokhu obekuxoxwa kugcine sekubhalwa phansi. Kucashunwa ingxenye ethile kumabonakude engasetshenziswa ukuqala indaba elandisayo. Kungasetshenziswa amagama avusa imizwa enkulumeni noma okucashunwe enkondlweni okungasetshenziswa ukubhala umbhalo. Ungasebenzisa amagama owathole enkondlweni ukuze ukwazi ukuwaqondisisa kahle.
o ukukhomba ubuye uhlaziye ulimi oluncengayo, olukhohlisayo, oluchemile, olucwasayo noluveza inkolelo engaguquki
o ukuveza umahluko phakathi kweqiniso nombono
o ukukhombisa ukuqaphela kanye nokuhumusha iphimbo, ukushesha kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi o ukuphendula ubhekise esitayeleni nerejista kanye nokulinganisa kahle o ukuqonda ukuhleleka kahle kolwazi o ukuthatha izinqumo kanye nokunikeza ubufakazi o ukucabangela imiphumela o ukuphendula ekusetshenzisweni kolimi, ukukhethwa kwamagama, ukwakheka kanye nokuphimisa
Ukulalela ukuze uncome
Lo msebenzi wokulalela usetshenziswa kakhulu uma kunenkulumo mpikiswano, kunokuxoxa kwamaqembu kanye nezinye izakhiwo noma izimiso zokuxoxisana. Ukubukela izingxenye ezithile zamafilimu kungasiza ekuhlaziyeni izimpawu ezithile ngokohlu olulandelayo:
o ukuphendula ezimweni zokukhulumisana o ukusebenzisa amathuba nokunikezelelana ekuxoxeni o ukubuza imibuzo ukuqhubezela ukuxhumana o ukuphendula uqaphela ukunyakaza komzimba, ukuxhumana ngamehlo/ngomzimba o ukukhombisa ukuqonda ubudlelwano phakathi kolimi kanye nesiko ngokukhombisa inhlonipho
yokugcinwa kwamasiko
Ukukhuluma
Uma abafundi bengaqeda leli banga lemfundo yabo sebekwazi ukukhuluma kalula, belunge kahle, bangabe bazuze okubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yabo, nasezindaweni zemisebenzi. Ukwakha ukuzethemba ekukhulumeni kungabavulela amasango amaningi ikakhulukazi uma bezokhuluma phambi kwabantu. Abafundi kumele bazi ukuthi uma sebekhuluma abazukuba inhlekisa, futhi kumele bathole isiqinisekiso nokugqugquzeleka kuthisha obafundisayo.
14 | P a g e
Abafundi sebefundisiwe amasu amaningi okwethula inkulumo enohlonze ngaphambi kokuba bafike kuleli banga. Kumele kufundiswe abafundi okumele bakufunde.
Ukufundisa ukukhuluma kumele kumbandakanye ulwazi lwenqubo yokukhuluma kanye namasu
Amaqhinga kanye nenqubo yokukhuluma Inqubo yokukhuluma inalezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo :
• Ukulungiselela, ukucwaninga kanye nokuhlela • Ukuzilungiselela /ukuzilolongela ukukhuluma • Ukwethula inkulumo
Ukulungiselela, ukucwaninga kanye nokuhlela Abafundi kumele bakwazi ukukhombisa ukuhlela, namakhono okucwaninga okuzothulwa ngomlomo : • ukusebenzisa abuye ahlolisise izitayela nerejista ukuze kuhambelane nenhloso, nezethameli
nesimo • ukusebenzisa amagama anembayo • ukubonisa ikhono lokuhlolisisa indlela ulimi olusetshenziswa ngayo ukwe-:
o thula amaqiniso nokuveza umbono o veza incazelo eqondile kanye negudliselayo o veza incazelo esobala necashile
• Ethula abuye akhombise amagugu nendlela abuka ngayo izinto, ukuchema, ukucwasa, ukuthinta imizwa yezethameli, ukuncenga kanye nolimi olukhohlisayo
• Ukusebenzisa izinsizalwazi nemibhalo equkethe ulwazi efana nezichazamazwi nethesorasi ukukhetha uhlu lolwazi magama olunembayo, bethule inkulumo besebenzisa amanothi namaprophu / izinsika, izinsiza ezibonakalayo nezilalelwayo, amagrafu ukucacisa lokho okwethulwayo
Ukwethula Abafundi kumele bakwazi ukukhombisa ukuhlela namakhono okucwaninga okuzothulwa ngomlomo uku - : • khuluma ngqo nezethameli • kubhekiswe emibhalweni enhlobonhlobo efundiweyo • nikeza amaqiniso amaningi kanye nezibonelo njengokudingeka kwawo ethaskini • nikeza isingeniso kanye nesiphetho esinembayo ( isib. njengokucaphuna izingxenye ezithile zemibhalo,
ubhekise emibhalweni ethile enohlonze, indatshana eyake yakuvelela) • thuthukisa imibono kanye nokuqophisana – ingqikithi eyandulelayo, eqanjiwe, elandelanayo, ekhombisa
ukuthuthuka ngokuhleleka kanye nokukhombisa ukulungisa okuhamba ngendlela kwamaqiniso, izibonelo nemibono.
• sebenzisa izimiso zokukhuluma (sib. Isingeniso, ukuguquka kokuqala nokwesibili, umzimba, isiphetho) ngenkathi uhlanganisa ukuqophisana okuzwakalayo usebenzisa ikhono lokuncenga kanye nelokuqophisana.
• sebenzisa izakhiwo ezihlelekile ezifana nokulandelana kwezikhathi ngokomlando, ezisematheni, imbangela – umphumela, qhathanisa – hlukanisa, ukuthola izixazululo zenkinga ukunikeza ulwazi kanye nokuncenga.
• usebenzisa izwi ngendlela efanele • ukwethula nokubeka phambili ukuqophisana okucacile kanye nokukhetha ubufakazi okuyibo (isib.
ngokusebenzisa izinombolo, ubufakazi, izimo ezithile) kubeka ubufakazi ezingeni elifanele, kunikeze ukuqinisekisa, ukukholakala kanye nokuqondana
• sebenzisa izindlela ezufanele zokuzethula noma ukuphindaphinda : bakwethu, muzi wakwethu mphakathi
15 | P a g e
wakwethu, ngifuna ukugcizelela lokhu.. • Ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo zolimi kanye nezimiso ezifana noku :
o sebenzisa izenzo kanye nezingazenzo ukuveza inkathi nesimo ngendlela efanele o sebenzisa izingcezu zenkulumo ukwethula inkulumo yansuku zonke
• sebenzisa imibuzo mbumbulu, ukuthula kancane, ukuphindaphinda, • sebenzisa amaqhinga okwethulwa ngomlomo nokusebenzisa umzimba ekukhulumeni.
Izimpawu nezimiso zemibhalo yokuxhumana ngokukhuluma Inkulumo elungiselelwe Lonke uhlu olutholakala kokwethulwayo kuyasebenza nalapha enkulumeni elungiselelwe Inkulumo engalungiselelwe
• Sebenzisa iphimbo, izwi kanye nezingxenye ezithile zomzimba ( isib. Amehlo, ukunyakaza komzimba)
• Izakhiwo okuyizona, uhlu lwamagama, ulimi kanye nezakhiwo zolimi • Nikeza isingeniso kanye nesiphetho esinembayo.
Inhlolokhono / i-inthaviyu • Ukubuza, ukuncenga, ukuthatha amanothi, ukufingqa, ikhono lokulalela kanye nokukhuluma buthule • Ukuhlela nokulungiselela :thola injongo, ulwazi ngesindlalelo lwazi, fanekisa ngokudweba, imibuzo,
isikhathi, indawo, ukulandelana, izakhiwo ezibonakalayo( bheka izimpawu zokubhala) • Sebenzisa amasu enhlolokhono ezigabeni ezahlukene :
o Isingeniso ( ukuzazi wena siqu, ukuveza inhloso) o Ukwakha ubudlelwano obuhle (ukwakha umuzwa wokuthembana) o Ukubuza imibuzo (qala ngokubuza imibuzo evulelekile kuye ngeqonde ngqo; sebenzisa ukukhula
kwengqondo; ulimi oluncengayo ngokuhlonipha; lalela ngokucophelela; hlolisisa izimpendulo; phendula ngokucophelela ukukhombisa ulwazi)
o Ukufingqa ( qopha okuphendulwayo ngokuthi ubhale amanothi, fingqa, hlela bese ulandelanisa izimpendulo, kanye nemininingwane ebalulekile ngokulandelana)
o Ukuphetha (bonga owenziwa inhlolokhono; nikeza imininingwane ongatholakala kuyo) Ukwethula isikhulumi • Yethula isikhulumi sosuku ngokuveza imininingwane ephelele neqondile
Qala ngokulungiselela, ukuhlela nokwethula • ukusebenzisa ulimi oluhlelekile ukwamukela kanye nokwethula isikhulumi sosuku • ukuqagula uhlu lwamagama , igrama kanye nezimo zokukhuluma ezingasetshenziswa kwirejista eqondene • ukwenza ucwaningo ukuze uzothola ulwazi oluqondile ngesikhulumi sosuku kanye nolimi abazolusebenzisa • ukuthola isikhathi abekelwe sona sokwethula inkulumo • ukuthola kusikhulumi sosuku ukuthi yikuphi azothanda kusetshenziswe ohlwini lokuzichaza kwakhe • ukutshela izethameli ngamagalelo esikhulumi sosuku. • ukunikeza ulwazi oluqondile ngesendlalelo lwazi • ukunikeza ulwazi kafushane ngemfundo yamabanga aphansi, imfundo esemazingeni aphezulu,
izindawo asesebenze kuzo • ukuthola amazinga emfundo yakhe ephezulu kanye nezifundo azenzayo • ukubalula umsebenzana wokuzilibazisa nakukhonzile • ukuveza ukuthi isikhulumi sishadile / sishadiselwe kanye nenani labantwana uma bekhona
16 | P a g e
• ukuveza osekwazuzwa isikhulumi sosuku okusezingeni eliphezulu • ukuxhumanisa ukungenisa kanye nengqikithi yenkulumo, isib. Kuvele ukuthi kungani ukuba isikhulumi
sosuku simenyiwe ukuzothula inkulumo • ukwenza izethameli zibe sesimeni sokulangazelela okuzokwethulwa • ukwakha intshisekelo ngokukhuluma ngezikhawu nokusebenzisa izwi ngezindlela ezahlukene , bese uvala
isingeniso sakho ngoheho. • ukumemezela igama lesikhulumi sosuku ngasekugcineni futhi wenze isiqiniseko ukuthi uliphimisa kahle
ngendlela efanele.
Ukwedlulisa amazwi okubonga
Dlulisa amazwi okubonga esikhulumini sosuku emva kokwethula inkulumo ezethamelini
• ukulungiselela, ukuhlela nokwethula o ukulalelisisa inkulumo yesikhulumi, ukuze uveze amaphuzu athile ambalwa awethulile o ukuqopha amaphuzu amqoka athulwa isikhulumi; isib. Ubonge isikhulumi ngokuveza okuthile
ebeningakwazi o Ukudlulisa ukubonga makube kufishane futhi kushaye esikhonkosini o Kungabongwa nabantu abasembuthanweni othile.
Ukuxoxa kwesigungu • Yileso naleso sikhulumi sikhuluma ngokuthile ngesihloko • Sebenzisa imishwana ulandela izimiso zolimi • Umsebenzi kaSihlalo
o Ukuqondisa umhlangano o Ukugcina isikhathi kungankantwa o Ukubhekelela ukuthi kulandelwe i-ajenda / kuhlelo lomhlangano o Ukugqugquzela ukuthi bonke abantu babe yingxenye yomhlangano o Akachemi / akathathi hlangothi o Ukuveza ithuba lokwethulwa kweziphakamiso noma ukuvota lapho kudingeka khona
Ukuxoxisana okungabekelwe mgomo • ukuqalisa ingxoxo futhi uyenze iqhubeke • akube khona ukunikezelana amathuba okukhuluma • ukuvikela umbono wakho • ukuvumelana • ukuvala izikhala kanye nokugqugquzela isikhulumi • ukwabelana ngemibono nobungcweti kanye nokutshengisa ukuqonda umbono
Inkulumo mpikiswano • Isinqumo : isitatimende amaqembu amabili azoqophisana ngaso. Isib. Ukuphucwa kwezikhali yisona
sixazululo esingaletha ukuthula noxolo emhlabeni • Ukuphika : ukuchaza ukuthi kungani leli elinye iqembu lingahambisani nelinye • Isikhulumi esisohlangothini esivumelana nesihloko : uyavumela nesinqumo noma nesiphakamiso.
Iqembu elivumelana nesihloko lihlale linomthwalo wokuveza ubufakazi kanye nokuqala nokuphetha inkulumo mpendulwano
• Isikhulumi esisohlangothini oluphikisayo : uphikisana nesinqumo ngokuthi abeke amaphuzu asekela ukuphikisana kwakhe nalesi sinqumo noma umbono kanye nokuveza ukusekela kwakhe lokhu akushoyo
17 | P a g e
Inqubo yenkulumo-mpendulwano • Isihloko kanye nempikiswano yokuqala yethulwa isikhulumi sokuqala sasohlangothini oluhambisana
nesihloko • Impikiswano yokuqala yethulwa isikhulumi sokuqala ngasohlangothini oluphikisayo • Isikhulumi sesibili ngasohlangothini oluhambisana nesihloko siveza impikiswano ngokohlangothi lweqembu
lakhe • Isikhulumi sesibili ngasohlangothini oluphikisana nesihloko uveza impikiswano ngokohlangothi lweqembu
lakhe • Womabili amaqembu anikezwa imizuzu yokuphumula emihlanu kuya kweyi-10 ukulungiselela ukuphikisana.
Yilelo nalelo qembu linelungelo lokuphikisa okwethulwe elinye iqembu kanye nokuqinisa owalo umbono ngesihloko
• Iqembu eliphikisayo lethula ukuphisana kwalo neqembu elivumayo ngokwethula kabili ukuphikisa kwalo bese liveza nezizathu
• Iqembu elihambisana nesihloko lethula ukuphisana kwalo neqembu eliphikisayo ngokwethula kabili ukuphisa kwabo bese beveza nezizathu.
Ubude bamathekisthi angasetshenziswa esifundweni sokulalela ngokuqondisisa amathekisthi amaBanga Inani lamagama • Ama-orali, okubukwayo-kulalelwe, amathekisthi axubile njengeiphephabhuku, izindatshana, amaphephandaba, amakhathuni, izikhangiso, • Izichazamazwi nethesaurus, • okulalelwayo (kokulalela ngokuqondisisa: smazwibela angamaminithi amabili emaBangeni 10 no 11 kube amaminithi amathathu eBangeni 12. • Ibhuku lezinombolo zocingo, ibhuku lezinhlelo ze-TV. • Amathekisthi obuciko • Amathekisthi aphethe ulwazi oluthile • Amathekeshi okwengeza ulwazi • Amathekisthi abukelwa-alalelwe (amafilimi, ithelevishini, izithombe ezelamaniswayo, okuqoshiwe, izinhlelo zomsakazo, izithombe, amavidiyo omculo.
10 150 amagama 11 250 amagama 12 350 amagama
18 | P a g e
Iziphakamiso zobude bamathekisthi obuhlelelwa ama-orali Amathekisthi Ubude (amaBanga 10-12) Izingxoxo, izinkulumompendulwano, imikhandlu/amaqembu/izigungu
20-30 imizuzu
Izinkulumo mpendulwano 6-8 imizuzu Izinkombandlela nemiyalelo 4-5 imizuzu Izinhlolokhono 10-15 imizuzu Ukwethula isikhulumo, amazwi okubonga 4-5 imizuzu Inkulumo elungiselelwe nengalungiselelwe, umbiko, nokubukezwa kwemibhalo,
4-5 imizuzu
Ukuxoxwa kwendaba 8-10 imizuzu Umhlangano nenqubo 10-15 imizuzu 3.2 Ukufunda nokubukela Le ngxenye imayelana nenqubo yokufunda nokubukela kanye namasu asetshenziswa ukuqonda nokuncoma amathekisthi ayimibhalo nangesiyona Indlela yokufunda:
o Ngaphambi kokufunda o Uqobo lokufunda o Emva kokufunda
Ngaphambi kokufunda: ngukwethula nokujwayeza abafundi umbhalo. Kuvuselela ulwazi oluhambisanayo kanye nolwangaphambilini.
• Ukuhalamuza nokugijimisa amehlo ezimpawini zetheksthi njengalezi: izihloko, izahluko, imibhalo ehambisana nezithombe, namagrafu.
• Ukuhalamuza nokugijimisa amehlo ezingxenyeni zombhalo njengalezi: ikhasi lesihloko, uhla lokuqukethwe, izakhuko, iglosari, izengezelo, izijobelelo, izichibiyelo njll.
• Ukubikezela usebenzisa ulwazi olutholakale ngenkathi kusahalamuzwa kugijinyiswa namehlo. • Kusetshenzwa ulwazimagama olungejwayelekile kubafundi.
Ngesikhathi sokufunda : kuhambisana nokuhumusha umbhalo nokubukisisa izimo zawo zolimi. • Ukufunda usheshisa ukha phezulu, nokufunda ngokushesha uqaphelisisa : ikhasi eliveza isihloko,
okuqukethwe, izahluko, iglosari, isengezo, inkomba, isenezelo esibekwa ngaphansi kokunye ukuloba njll. • Ukufunda usheshisa ukha phezulu, nokufunda ngokushesha uqaphelisisa izimpawu zamathekisthi:izihloko,
izihlokwana, izihlokwana ezichaza isihloko, imifanekiso, amagrafu, amashadi, imidwebo, amagama abhalwe ngokunzima, alukeke, amabalazwe, isithombe somuntu esibaziwe, izinkinobho zekhompyutha eziveza okuqukethwe.
• Ukufunda ngokusheshisa ukha phezulu ukuze uthole amaphuzu asemqoka • Ukufunda ngokushesha uqaphelisisa amaphuzu asekelayo • Ukubika mangqangi / ukuqagela • Ukucabangela incazelo yamagama angajwayelekile kanye nemifanekiso ngokusebenzisa ikhono
lokuhlahlela amagama kanye nezinkomba zesimo • Ukuphinda ufunde / ukubuyekeza • Ukuba nombono /umfanekiso • Ukubhala amanothi (embonongqangi kanye nesekelayo) • Ukufingqa imqondo esemqoka kanye nesekelayo ngamaphuzu noma ngezigaba ngokwenani elidingekayo • ukucacisa ngokukhulunywa ngakho • Ukuthatha izinqumo • Ukuchaza / hlaziya izinqumo zombhali kanye nesiphetho
19 | P a g e
• Ukwethula isiphetho / umbono wakho • Ukuhlanganisa imibono • Ukuhlanganisa imiqondo eyahlukene • Ukuhlela imiqondo • Ukuhlolisisa Indlela ulimi olusetshenziswe ngayo:
o Iqiniso kanye nombono o Incazelo eqondile kanye negudliselayo o Umqondo osobala kanye nojulile o Baqonde okuphathelene nezenhlalo nombusazwe kanye namasiko ababhali o Umthelela wokukhethwa kanye nokweqiwa kwamagama encazelweni o Ubudlelwano phakathi kolimi kanye nokuba sesikhundleni o Ulimi oluncengayo, olukhohlisayo, ukuchema, ubuqili, ukubandlulula, inkolelo engaguquki,
ingxubevange yolimi, imibono, ukuqagela, ukuqophisana, inhloso yokufaka nokukhipha ulwazi.
Emuva kokufunda: kwenza abafundi babone futhi baveze umehluko othile.
• Bakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo ethile. • Bakwazi ukuqhathanisa nokuxuba imibono ukuze bafinyelele esinqumeni esithile. • Bakwazi ukucubungula, nokunquma nokubeka imibono yabo. • Ukukhiqiza uhlobo oluthile lombhalo ngokwabo.
Ukuhumusha amathekisthi abonwayo Kubafundi abaningi, ulwazi olunzulu baluthola ezikrinini (zomabonwakude, amakhompyutha, namafilimu) kunasemibhalweni efundwayo equkethe imidwebo. Izinto ezibukelwayo ziyingxenye esemqoka yokufunda kanti namakhompyutha alekelela kakhulu ukuhlunga okubalulekile okuzosetshenziswa. Hlola ukuthi izimiso zibaluleke kangakanani kumawebhusayithi adumile; nokuthi bakuthola kanjani ukunakwa laba abakhangisayo; nokuthi ukusetshenziswa kokunyakaza kanye nemibala kubamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuheheni oseyisebenzisile ukuthi adlulele kwamanye amawebhusayithi. • Amasu okuncenga : ulimi oluvusa imizwa, oluncengayo, oluchemayo, olukhohlisayo • Ulimi kanye nesifanekiso ukuthi kunamthelela muni emagugwini, nezimo abheka ngazo izinto, ulimi kanye
nemifanekiso ecwasa ngokobulili, ukucwasa, ukucwasa ngokobudala noma kuncike ekugcizeleleni enkolelweni engaguquki, ikakhulukazi ezikhangisweni
• Umthelela wokusebenzisa ifonti nobungako bamagama, izihloko nezihlokwana ezichaza okuthile ngamazwi amafushane
• Hlaziya , ahlolisise, ahumusha kanye nokuphendula ubhekise kumakhathuni / imidwebo mahlaya
Ukuthuthukiswa kolwazimagama kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi Ulwazi lohlu magama kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi kumele abafundi baqaliswe lona ngenkathi sebethulelwa amathekisthi angempela, ezinkondlweni nakumaphrozi, emibhalweni, indaba eqanjiwe nengaqanjwanga. Isibonelo, uma sisebenzisa izimo zokukhuluma, kubalulekile ukuthi kugxile ekutheni kungani lezo zimo zokukhuluma zisetshenzisiwe kunokuzigagula. Kuye kube kuhle ukuzibuza umbuzo ofana nalo, ’ Kungani umbhali esebenzise upholavuthondaba lapha?’ kunokubuza ukuthi’ Yisphi isimo sokukhuluma esitholakala lapha? Kumele kugxilwe kulokhu : • Ulimi olunencazelo ecashile kanye namasu obuciko bokukhuluma : izaga, izisho, izifenqo( isifaniso,
isingathekiso, ukwenzasamuntu, ukwenzasasilwane, ihaba, ukubhinqa, indida, i-okzimoroni, anakhronizimu, uvuthondaba, upholavuthondaba, umbizi, ifuzamsindo, ukuhlanekezela)nakuba ulwazi lwalezi zimo zokukhuluma lubalulekile, kumele lwethulwe kubafundi njengokuvela kwazo emibhalweni yephrozi, yezinkondlo, emibhalweni yokuziqambela engakholakali kanye neyethula amaqiniso.
20 | P a g e
Akugwenywe ukuzingela izimo zokukhuluma ezinkondlweni, uma usebenza ngezimo zokukhuluma, okubalulekile ukuthi lezo zimo zokukhuluma ezisembhalweni zisetshenzisweleni, kunokuzigagula. Kuye kube kuhle ukuzibuza umbuzo ofana nalo, ’ Kungani umbhali esebenzise upholavuthondaba lapha?’ kunokubuza ukuthi’ Yisphi isimo sokukhuluma esitholakala lapha?
• Veza umehluko okhona phakathi kwencazelo esobala necashile • Sebenzisa izichazamazwi kanye nethesorasi ngempumelelo kanye nezinye izincwadi ongacobelela kuzo
incazelo, isipelingi, impimiso, amalunga kanye nezingcezu zenkulumo zamagama angejwayelekile. • Bona incazelo yeziqalo ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nezijobelelo • Sebenzisa imisuka , iziqalo kanye nezijobelelo ukuqonda umsebenzi nencazelo yamagama ahlukene • Sebenzisa isimo esitholakala embhalweni, ( isib. kuzincazelo zemisho), izimpawu zokuloba (isib.
amakhoma, abacaphuni)isibonelo sombiko ogqamile ukuthola incazelo yamagama angejwayelekile. • Hlukanisa phakathi kwamagama anemiqondo eminingi (ipholisemi) nokuwasebenzisa ngendlela
eyamukelekile emathekisthini. • Ukukwazi ukubona inkulumo egudliselayo. • Ahlaziye ukuthi amagama ayimifakela anamthelela muni emathekisithini. • Hlukanisa phakathi kwamagama adidayo, ophimbohluka, amabizwafane • Ukuphinda uxoxe indaba usebenzisa amanye amagama ahlukile • Sebenzisa igama elilodwa elimele isigejana samagama • Sebenzisa ukulandelana noma amagama ahambisanayo (isib. isinkwa nebhotela)
Ukwakheka kwemisho kanye nokuhleleka kwamathekisthi. Okuningi kwezinto ezibhalwe lapha kumele ukuba ngabe sezifundiwe kula mabanga adlule. Ukufundisa amaphethini nezakhiwo kusebenza kangcono esifundweni semibhalo lapho abafundi bezoba nethuba lokuwasebenzisa ukuze babone amandla awo ngqo, kunokuba bakutomule embhalweni womunye umuntu. • Bona, anikeze incazelo nokuhlaziya incazelo nezakhiwo kanye nezimiso zolimi emathekisthini:
o Amagama aguqukayo / izihlanganiso : okokuqala.. okwesibili.. sengiphetha... o Izifinyezo kanye nama-akhronimi o Izenzo kanye nezingazenzo ukuveza inkathi kanye nesimo ngendlela eqondile o Umusho oqondile, umusho ombaxa, umusho omagatsha (umushwana oncikile okhanyisayo,
ochazayo, umusho omkhulu, nomushwana osabizo) o Inkulumo ngqo kanye nenkulumo ewumbiko o Izivumelwano, izakhi zesibanjalo, isakhi u-‘ku’ o Izimpawu zokuloba
• Hlaziya isakhiwo / ukuhleleka kwamathekisthi asetshenziswa ohlelweni lonke nasemagameni edlulisa
umyalezo / amagama abonisa okuthile :okukhomba ukulandelana, ukuchaza, imbangela kanye nomthelela, inqubo okwenzeka ngayo, qhathanisa/hlukanisa, ngokulandelana kokubaluleka, izinhlobo zamapharagrafu/izigaba, umbiko, incazelo ecacile yombono
Izimpawu zamathekisthi ayimibhalo Ababhali basebenzisa amathekisthi ukudlulisa imicabango yabo. Ababhali abanohlonze bayabuqaphela ubuqili kanye nokuningi okuthinta uLimi lwesiZulu, noma ngabe kuncane kangakanani. Nakuba kubalulekile ukuthi izimpawu zemibhalo nokwakhiwa, kanye nomthelela kuyafundwa, okubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda umthelela wezimpawu emibikweni kanye nombiko ohloswe ukudluliswa wumbhali.
21 | P a g e
Izinkondlo Mibili imibuzo okumele umfundi azibuze yona ngokwenkondlo. Owokuqala: Kuthiwani? Ngizokwazi kanjani? Umbuzo wesibili wengeza empendulweni yombuzo wokuqala; umbuzo wokuqala uholela kokuzovezwa umbuzo wesibili. Bonke ababhali babhala ngoba kukhona abafuna ukukwedlulisa – babhala ngezinto ezithokozisayo, ikakhulukazi okubalulekile emphakathini abawubhalelayo. Sifunda amathekisthi ukwelekelela, ukufakazela, ukucacisa kanye nokuveza okushiwo ababhali kithina. Lo msebenzi ubheka ukusetshenziswa kolimi olunothile; ukusetshenziswa kwemigqa, amabinza, kanye nenkondlo iyonke, ukukhethwa kwemifanekiso mqondo, isigqi, umoya olethwa yimifanekiso mqondo. Konke lokhu kuyimizamo yokuthola isiphetho sesikhashana okuzoya sigcine sithole umqondo oqukethwe wumbhalo. Akuvamisile ukuba khona komkhawulo ekufundweni kwenkondlo enhle. Lezi zingxenye ezibhalwe ngezansi zizokwelekelela ekuqondeni : • Umqondo osobala • Umqondo ocashile • Umoya • Indikimba kanye nomyalezo • Imifanekisomqondo • isakhiwo senkondlo sangaphakathi , izimo zokukhuluma, ukukhethwa kwamagama, amasu okusebenzisa
umsindo, iphimbo, amasu obuciko, umoya wembongi • isakhiwo senkondlo sangaphandle , imigqa, izitanza, isigqi, impindwa, ukuxhumana, imvumelwano,
ifanamsindo, i-enjambamenti, isikhawu UMDLALO Emdlalweni akusetshenziswa kuphela amagama kanye nolimi : kafakwa ukunyakaza, izwi, ukukhanya kanye nobumnyama , okwenzeka phakathi kwabadlali kanye nokudlala eshashalazini. Okubalulekile indlela umdlalo ohamba ngayo; indlela abadlali abadlala ngayo; yikuphi abakwenza buthule; ukushintshashintsha kobuso kungashintsha umqondo odluliswayo- konke lokhu kungalahleka uma bedlala sengathi kufundwa inoveli. Akukuhle ukuthi kudlalwe ividiyo yomdlalo ngaphambi kokuba umdlalo ufundwe abafundi. Ngaphandle kwalokho ividiyo iba umdlalo uqobo, akukho okungachezula ukuhunyushwa kwalowo mkhiqizo. Ukuzakhela isithombe engqondweni kubamba elikhulu iqhaza ekufundweni komdlalo. Kubalulekile ukuthi kube khona ukufanekisa ishashalazi, ukubheka imigqa eyahlukene ezosetshenziswa emdlalweni Isakhiwo nesakhiwana : indlela abadlali bevezwe ngayo, ukuthi bakhula kanjani nomdlalo; isizinda , ulwazi lwangaphambilini (uma kunesidingo esibalulekile ukulekelela ukuqonda kabanzi umdlalo), ukusetshenziswa kwemifanekiso nezimpawu; amasu omdlalo, okwenzeka enkundleni yokudlalela, isigameko esifihlelwe umlingiswa othile, udweshu, isenamisi noma imbangalusizi konke kubalulekile uma kufundwa umdlalo. Lokhu kungelekelela abafundi ekuqondeni kabanzi amathekisthi : • isakhiwo kanye nesakhiwana ( isethulo, isixakaxaka, ukubhebhetheka kodweshu, uvuthondaba,
upholavuthondaba, isiphetho, ukujeqeza emuva, ukubikezela) • Abalingiswa • Umsebenzi womlandi / umbono womlandi • Indikimba kanye nomyalezo • Ulwazi lwangaphambilini kanye nesizinda – kubhekiswe kubadlali nasezindimeni • Isakhiwo somdlalo : isakhiwo, isakhiwana (isethulo, ukubhebhetheka kodweshu novuthondaba) • Umoya • Ingwijikhwebu / isiphetho • Okwenzeka enkundleni yokudlalela • Ukuxhumana phakathi kwenkulumo mpendulwano / inkulumo kayedwana / inkulumo eyisandulela kanye
nesenzeko
22 | P a g e
• Isigameko esifihlelwe umlingiswa othile. Inoveli / ubuciko bomlomo: izinganekwane; inganeko, insumansumane kanye nomzekeliso Izindaba ezimfushane (Okokuzithuthukisa) Amanoveli kanye neminye imibhalo yephrozi ibhalelwe ukufundwa, futhi kukhulunywe ngawo kanye nokuzithokozisa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda amathekisthi ngokuphimisela emakilasini, ikakhulukazi kubafundi abangakuthandisisi kahle ukufunda, noma kulabo abanezingqinamba ekufundeni. Funda ngokushelela, ukwenzela ukugqugquzela intshisekelo yokufunda usebenzisa izindlela zokufunda ezisobala, umzindlo, ukubuka mangqangi, ukulinganisa kanye nokuncoma. Ukuxoxa sakucabangela ngenoveli kungenza kube nelukuluku lokulangazelela ukufunda kabanzi , ukuthola abadlali ababalulekile, ukusetshenziswa kwamagama kanye nemifanekisomqondo ukugcizelela indikimba yenoveli. Lokhu kungenza abafundi babe nogqozi lokufunda imibhalo. Emva kokufunda kokuqala, abafundi kumele bawazi umahluko phakathi kokulandisa (kuzokwenzekani ngokuzayo?) kanye nesizinda ( kudalwe yini ?); veza okungaba umqondo wendaba kanye nokuhunyushwa kwendaba; uchaze ukuthi umbhali ulusebenzise kanjanj ulimi ukuveza abalingiswa( ukuchaza abalingiswa nenkulumo mpendulwano); I ndlela abadlali abadlala ngayo; isimo senhlalo(ulimi oluchazayo, kanye nezigameko ezitholakala enovelini yonke) uxazulule imibono ethile lapho kudingeka khona , nokukhalima lapho inoveli iya khona.abantu abaningi kanye namasiko baphila impilo efaka izindaba phakathi. Nanoma yikuphi okwenziwa uthisha ekilasini, kumele kungabugudluzi ubumnandi bokufunda izindaba. Lokhu kungelekelela abafundi ekuqondeni kabanzi amathekisthi : • isakhiwo kanye nesakhiwana ( isethulo, isixakaxaka, ukubhebhetheka kodweshu, uvuthondaba,
upholavuthondaba, isiphetho, ukujeqeza emuva, ukubikezela) • Udweshu • Abalingiswa • Umsebenzi womlandi • Indikimba kanye nomyalezo • Ulwazi lwangaphambilini, isizinda kubhekiswe kubalingiswa kanye nendikimba • Umoya, ingwijikhwebu / isiphetho Ubuciko bomlomo Ukwengeza kulokhu okubalulwe ngenhla, lokhu okulandealyo kuthintana ngqo nobuciko bomlomo: • Izinkondlo ( izithakazelo, izibongo, izihasho, imilolozelo, imilozi, amahubo, iziqubulo, izangelo, izigiyo) • izaga, izisho, izifenqo, iziphicaphicwano • Izinganekwane :
Inganeko Umzekeliso Insumansumane insumo
Ukufundwa kwamafilimu [ ulwazi lokuzithuthukisa]
Ukufundwa kwamafilimu akufani nokufunda inoveli. Nakuba ukundiswa kwefilimu kuthi akufane nokwenoveli kanye nomdlalo, isu lokwenza izithombe zebhayisikobho elingezansi yilona elidinga ukuqashelwa kakhulu. Ukufunda ifilimu ngokucophelela nangokunakekela kuncike kakhulu ekutheni umbukeli uyakuqaphela yini ukulungisa amaphutha, ukunqanyulwa kokulungisa ngesikhathi kusenziwa ifilimu, indlela ifilimu evezwa ngayo, ukujeqeza emuva komlingisi othile, ukuhleleka kwezigcawu, umculo, okokugqoka, ukukhanya kanye
23 | P a g e
nemisindo. Ukukwazi ukufunda amafilimu ngokuzuza ulwazi oliningi ngenkathi kubukelwa ifilimu : umbukeli angahlali ebukele ifilimu kungabi bikho lapho ethinteka khona, ukubukela kumenza azuze lukhulu, kanye nokwazi kahle ukuthi uMqondisi , uMhleli, kanye nabanye benza lokhu esikubukayo sikubone futhi sikuzwe.
• Inkulumo mpendulwano nesenzeko, nobudlelwano balokhu nomlingisi nendikimba; ukufunda kanye nokubhala kanye nesimo sokuloba amazwi nokuzokwenziwa abadlali befilimu.
• Isakhiwo, isakhiwana, ukuvezwa kwabalingiswa, inhloso yomdlalo, udweshu, ukubumbeka komdlalo, umbhinqo, ingwijikhwebu nesiphetho, okwenzekayo kumangalise noma kwethuse, nanokuthi kwakheka kanjani
• Isu lokwenza amafilimi (okubonwayo, okuzwakalayo kanye nokuzwakala kunongwe) njengokusebenzisa umbala, izihlokwana, ukuhlanganisa, ingxoxo, umculo, umsindo, ukukhanya, ukulungisa amaphutha, ukubekeka kwesithombe efilimini, isitayela sokuthatha izithombe, isu lamakhamera, ukunyakaza kwamakhamera, umsindo ozwakala nangaphambi kokwenzeka kwezinto, umsindo owenzeka ngesikhathi kudlalwa.
24 | P a g e
AMATHEKISTHI ASETSHENZISELWA UKUDIDIYELA UKUFUNDISWA KWAMAKHONO EZILIMI, AMABANGA 10-12.
Ngaphezu kwamathekisthi emibhalo afundelwa izimiso, izinhlobo okufanele zenziwe emabangeni 10-12 kufaka amathekisthi abhaliwe kanye nabukelwayo anhlobonhlobo. Amanye amathekisthi ayofundelwa ukukhanga kwawo, amanye afundelwe
ukuwenza izibonelo zokuveza izinhlobo kanye namasu okubhala. Imibhalo yethekisthi yokufunda okumiselwe imigomo. Izinhlobo zemibhalo ezingafundwa emabangeni 10-12. Izinhlobo eziphakanyiswayo Kuphakanyiswa ezimbili zalezi zinhlobo zemibhalo ezilandelayo ezifakwe oHlwini lwemiBhalo lukaZwelonke. Inoveli Umdlalo Izinkondlo (iBanga 10 – 10 wezinkondlo) (iBanga 11 – 10 wezinkondlo) (iBanga 12 – 12 wezinkondlo) Okokuzithuthukisa Izindaba ezimfushane Amafilimu Izinhlelo zikamabonwakude eziqokiwe Imidlalo yomsakazo Ama-eseyi Amabhayografi Amabhayografi okuzibhalela Izinganekwane Imizekeliso nezinsumansumane
Imibhalo yethekisthi enikeza ulwazi Isichazamazwi i-Ensayikilophidiya Amasheduli Amabhuku ezingcingo Amathekstibhuku iThesawurusi Amathebuli ezikhathi Ithebuli lezinhlelo zikamabonakude Amathekisthi abhaliwe emidiya Izindatshana zamaphephabhuku Izindatshana zamaphephandaba Ezabahleli Izimemezelo Umlando ngomufi Izibuyekezo Izikhangiso Okubhalwe kususelwa kokulalelwayo Izincwadi Amadayari Izimemo Ama-i-meyili Imiyalezo yocingo ebhaliwe Amanothi Imibiko Imbhalo yethekisthi yamabhizinisi exhumanisayo Incwadi yomsebenzi Amaminithi ne-ajenda
Imidiya enhlobonhlobo/namathekisthi abonwayo anika ulwazi Amashadi, amamephu Amagrafi, amathebula, amashadi acaziwe, amamephu engqondo, imidwebo, amaphosta, amaflaya, incwajana, amabhrosha, amasayini nezimpawu, uhlelo lukamabonwakude lokwazisa, amakhasi ewebhu, izigcawu ze-intanethi, amabhlogi, ifesibhuku, nezinye izigcawu zokuhxhumana Amathransipharensi olwazi Imidiya enhlobonhlobo /amathekisthi okukha ngeso Amafilimu Izithombe Imifanekiso Imidiya enhlobonhlobo/amathekisthi abukelwa ukuzijabulisa nokuchitha isizungu Amafilimu Izinhlelo zikimabonwakude, amavidiyo omculo, amakhathuni, umfanekiso wokuhlekisa ngomuntu, okusandaba ehlekisayo, amahlaya, umbhalo ophahlekwe odongeni Amathekisthi alalelwayo Izinhlelo zomsakazo Ukufundwa kwemidlalo Ukufundwa kwamanoveli noma izindaba ezimfushane Izinkulumo eziqoshiwe Izikhangiso zomsakazo, umabonakude, amaphephandaba namaphepabhuku
25 | P a g e
Ubude bamathekisthi abhalwayo obuzosetshenziswa Amatheksti Amabanga Inani lamagama Isifundo sokuqondisisa
Ibanga le- 10 380-440 amagama
Ibanga le- 11 440-500 amagama Ibanga le- 12 500-560 amagama Amabanga Inani lamagama Ubude ekufingqeni
Ukufingqa Ibanga le- 10 220 amagama 60 – 70 amagama Ibanga le- 11 250 amagama 70 –80 amagama Ibanga le- 12 270 amagama 70 - 80 amagama
3.3 UKUBHALA NOKWETHULA : INQUBO, OKUQUKETHWE, AMASU NAMATHEKISTHI
Inqubo yokubhala • Ukulungiselela ukubhala / Ngaphambi kokubhala. • Ukwakha uhlaka • Ukubuyekeza • Ukulungisa amaphutha • Ukufundela ukuqinisekisa • Ukwethula umbhalo Ngesikhathi sokubhala, abafundi kulindeleke ukuba benze lokhu: Ukulungiselela ukubhala / ngaphambi kokubhala
• Ukuchaza inhloso yombhalo nezethameli eziqondwe umbhali. • Ukunquma ngezidingo zesakhiwo, isitayela, nombono wombhali. • Ukuthola, ahlele, aqophe ulwazi okuzobhalwa ngalo. • Ukusebenzisa imithombolwazi enhlobonhlobo akhethe ulwazi ngqo .
Ukwakha uhlaka. Uku-:
• sebenzisa ngempumelela imibono esemqoka nesekelayo etholakale lapho kuhlelwa. • kwakha uhlaka lokuqala ecabangela inhloso, izethameli, isihloko nohlobo lombhalo; • funda uhlaka ngokuhlolisisa athole nombiko walokho kwabanye (afunda nabo); • nquma ngokukhethwa kwamagama njengalawo anembayo, achazayo, imishwana ezokwenza ukuthi
okubhalwayo kucace. • thola izwi elizozwakala, kubonakale nesitayela ngokusebenzisa ulimi oluzofanela izethemeli nenhloso
yombhalo. • khombisa umbono wakho ngokuchaza okungamagugu, izinkolelo nolwazi jikelele lwempilo. • faka imininingwane eqondene ngqo nezidingo zombhalo (ngokusebenzisa inkulumo ecashuniwe,
echaza kabanzi nelekelela ukuthi umbhalo uzwakale kahle)
26 | P a g e
Ukubuyekeza, ukulungisa amaphutha, ukufundela ukuqinisekisa kanye nokwethula. Uku-:
• sebenzisa imigomo ebekiwe ukuhloilisisa umsebenzi wakho nowabanye ukuze umbhalo wenziwe ngcono.
• lungisa ukukhethwa kwamagama, izakhiwo zezigaba nezakhiwo zemisho. ( faka inkulumo eyengeziwe, sebenzisa amagama aguqukayo anembayo),
• gwema amagama angacacile, ukushovuza, ukuphindaphinda, ulimi olungemukelekile nolucasulayo, • hlolisisa okuqukethwe, isitayela kanye nerejista, • sebenzisa kahle izimpawu zokuloba, isipelingi nohlelo ngendlela efanele nenembayo, • lungiselela uhlaka lokugcina, • ethula okubhalile.
Izakhiwo nezimiso zolimi ngesikhathi kubhalwa Ukwakhiwa kwemisho. Uku-:
• bhala izinhlobo ezehlukene zemisho kanye nemisho enobude obehlukene. • sebenzisa izingcezu zenkulumo ngokufanele • sebenzisa umenzi, isenzo, umenziwa, inkathi, izimpambosi, ukuvuma, ukuphika, izindlela
zesenzo, inkulumo-gqo nenkulumo ewumbiko. • sebenzisa amagama abuzayo - (kungani?, nini?, kanjani?, yini?) • sebenzisa izihlobo ezehlukene zemisho, njengesitatimende, umbuzo, umusho oqondile, umusho
ombaxa nomusho omagatshagatsha. • sebenzisa izihlanganiso, izabizwana, izandiso, namagama aguqukayo azokwazi ukubumba kahle
imisho. • sebenzisa izinhlobo ezehlukene zezabizwana khona inkulumo izoqonda, ukugcizelela, izimo ezidaza
inkani, nokunciphisa ukushovuza. • sebenzisa ngokufanele ukulandelana kwamagama emishweni ukuze okushiwoyo kugcizeleleke kahle
futhi kuhehe. • sebenzisa izivumelwano ngendlela efanele.
Ukubhalwa kwezigaba
• Ukubhala izingxenye ezehlukene zezigaba: umusho oyinhloko, imibono esemqoka kanye nesekelayo, isingeniso esinohlonze, umzimba, isiphetho kanye nomusho osonga isigaba.
• Ukubhala izigaba neziqephu ezehlukene usebenzisa izimpawu ezifanele noma amagama aguqukayo kanye nemishwana enjengoku-:
o hlela ngokulandelana : okokuqala, okwesibili, okwesithathu, ngaphambili, ngemuva, uma… kamuva, kuze, ekugcineni, okolandelayo, kungekudala, ngaphambilini, ngemuva kwalokho,
o nikeza incazelo / isisusa nomphumela: ngakho-ke, ngenxa yalokho, ngoba, ngaleso sizathu, nakuba, ngenxa yalokho, kungaba, yingakho, kusho ukuthi-ke, uma-ke,
o landelanisa ngezinombolo : okokuqala, okwesibili, okwesithathu, o hlukanisa / qhathanisa: okufanayo, okwehlukile, kuncane kuna…, kukhulu kune…., noma
kunjalo, kodwa, o landelanisa ngokubaluleka: njalo, okokugcina, o landelanisa ngokweleka: ngaphezulu, ngezansi, ngakwesokunxele, ngakwesokudla, njll. o ukubhala okuvamile: ngokwejwayelekile, ekugcineni. o isigaba esiphethayo: akusona isifingqo sokubhalwe ngenhla. Isigaba esiphethayo kumele sishiye
27 | P a g e
ofundayo nomqondo noma umcabango azosala nawo noma esakhohlwa ukuthi wake wayifunda leyo ndaba. Akuvamile- ke ukuthi isigaba esiphethayo sikwenze lokhu, yingakho ofundayo esikhohlwa.
Ukukhethwa kwamagama uku:
• sebenzisa izenzo ezinhlobonhlobo ezenza kugqame, izichasiso, nezandiso ukuze unikeze imininingwane eqonde ngqo, bese uchaza kuzwakale lapho ubhala mhlawumbe indaba elandisayo noma echazayo,
• sebenzisa kahle ulimi olunezimiso nolungenazimiso (ulimi olungemukelekile/ulimi oluhlambalazayo, ijagoni)
• nikeza amaphuzu bese ubeka imibono, • bona incazelo nomqondo ofihlekile, • ukuphawula ngokungamagugu, izimo ezisongelayo, ukuchema, ukungaguquki, ulimi
oluhlambalazayo, ulimi oluncengayo nolukhohlisayo, isib. amathekisthi ancengayo njenge-eseyi eqophisanayo nama-athikili amaphephandaba.
• ukusebenzisa izinsiza nemithombolwazi njengezichazamazwi namathesarosi ukukhetha amagama anembayo nanohlonze.
Irejista, isitayela nezwi
• ukusebenzisa ngendlela irejista enezimiso nengenazimiso isib. Ukusebenzisa isitayela sokukhuluma nomuntu okhulumayo encwadini yobungane, nolimi olunezimiso encwadini yakomkhulu / yasemthethweni.
• ukukhuluma ngqo nofundayo ngendlela yakho • ukubhala ngokuzethemba; ungalokothi uxolise ngokuthatha leyo ndawo • ukusebenzisa izimo ezahlukene njengomuntu okhulumayo, okukhulunywa ngaye, okukhulunywa ngaye
uma kunesidingo. Izimiso zolimi (isipelingi nezimpawu zokuloba). Ukusebenzisa:
• osonhlumvukazi, omakhefana, osokucaphuna, amakholoni, ukudwebela ukubhala lukeke, amasemikholoni, ama-aphostrofi, amakhonco, nobakaki.
• ulwazi lwamaphethini nemithetho yokupela ukupela kahle amagama: o Ulwazi lwamaphethini amagama nemindeni yawo o Ulwazi lwemisuka, iziphongozo nezijobelelo. o Ulwazi lokwehlukanisa amalunga
• izichazamazwi nokubheka isipelingi • izifinyezo ngokuyikho, kuhambisana nezethemeli nazo zonke izindlela nezokuxhumana.
Izinhlobo zamatheksthi : Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhiqiziwe Lesi siqephu sichaza uchungechunge lwezinhlobo zamatheksthi okufanele abafundi bafundiswe ukuzibhala ebangeni 10-12. Indaba elandisayo Indaba elandisayo ixoxa indaba noma ikhuluma ngesigameko esedlule, yahleleka ngendlela ezoletha umqondo. Nazi izimpawu zendaba elandisayo. Uku-:
bhala indaba / into eyadlula / esuselwe ekhanda,
28 | P a g e
sebenzisa indaba enobudaba obukholakalayo (enezehlakalo ezikholakalayo), sebenzisa inkathi eyedlula, kuyenzeka umbhali asebenzise inkathi yamanje ngenhloso
yokugqamisa okwenzekayo, bhala isigaba esiyisingeniso kufanele sihehe umfundi.
• Isiphetho kumele kube esenelisayo, noma esinobungwijikhwebu, noma ukudida kodwa kumele kungabi
lula ukuqagela ukuthi indaba izophetha kanjani. • Ubhala inkulumo ngqo uma ufuna ukugqamisa umlingiswa, nenkulumo ewumbiko uma ufuna ofundayo
aqhele kokhulumayo. • Usebenzisa izichasiso uma kudingekile, kodwa izindaba ezinhle ziqoqekile. Ababhali bayawasusa onke
amagama angenanhloso. Indaba enamagama angama – 50 iyisibonelo esihle. Indaba echazayo Ukuchaza kukabili, kungaba into esingayibona yenzeka noma kuchazwe into ezimele nje. Kokubili kudinga ulimi olulula noluqondile. Ungavumeli abafundi ukuba bachaze ngokweqile. Fundisisa iziqephu ezichazayo, ezibhalwe ngababhali esebemkantsha ubomvu. Iningi labo alizisebenzisi izichasiso ukuchaza kodwa kwedlule kube kuhle. Yenza ukuthi abafundi balingise lezo ziqephu ozicaphunile. Okuchazwe ngamagama okuchaza akuhehi, okubalulekile ukuchaza ngendlela elula nenembayo, njengokuchaza isitulo, umakhalekhukhwini. Okunye kungaba ukuchaza abantu abasezithombeni ezinikeziwe. Ukuchaza kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwakha isithombe, umoya nesimo esidingekayo. Emafilimini lokhu kwenzeka kahle lokhu ngoba kuyabonakala, ababhali bona bakwenza ngamagama, lapho ukukhethwa kwamagama kugqamisa umqondo ofihlekile kunalowo osobala. Nazi izimpawu zendaba echazayo. Umlobi u-: • chaza umuntu othile / into ethile ukuze ofundayo abe nombono waleso sihloko. • kwakhiwa isithombe ngamagama. • khetha amagama ngokucophelela ukuze ufinyelele lapho uhlose khona • sebenzisa Imifanekiso yokubona, yomsindo, yokuzwa, yokunambitha kanye nokuthinta
ingasetshenziswa ukwenza okuchazwayo kukhanye. • sebenzisa izifengqo Indaba edaza inkani, enhlangothi mbili, neningayo
Endabeni edaza inkani umlobi uveza umbono othile noma isimo sokubuka izinto abuye abeke umbono ukuze avikele noma asekele lokho abambelele kukho.Isib. (Isizathu esenza ngikholwe ukuthi abasifazane banamandla kunabesilisa). Umlobi akuphoqelekile ukuba athathe isinqumo ngecala lakhe alikhethile.
(Ngabe ngempela abesifazane banamandla kunabesilisa?) Yebo noma cha? Mina –ke ngisemi ekuthini kunjalo. Lena yindaba lapho umlobi ebhala lokho azicabangela khona lapho umlobi ezama ukukholisa umfundi ukuba babone ngaso linye ngokuthile, okungaba ; (abesifazane banamuhla: imibono yami).
Indaba enhlangothimbili ayingamelwe yilutho futhi iqonde ukunikeza umbono olingene wawo
womabili amacala esimo sokubuka. Isakhiwo sicacile futhi salungiswa kahle. Umlobi angafinyelela esiphethweni esithile ekupheleni kwendaba kepha izimo zokubuka izinto ezivumelana nohlangothi noma eziphikisana nolunye kufanele zilinganiswe kahle futhi zibuye zihlaziywe ngokucacile ekuqhubekeni kwendaba. Ekupheleni kwe ndaba umlobi kumele acace ukuthi uthatha luphi uhlangothi.
29 | P a g e
Endabeni eningayo umlobi ubhala imibono yakhe, ngombono wakhe nemizwa yakhe ngesihloko esithile, ebhekise kulokho akuzwa ngaphakathi. Kugqama kakhulu umbono womlobi. Kungaba ngabantu noma –ke izinto nje. Idinga isakhiwo esibunjwe kahle, nanxa kungaphoqikile ukuthatha isinqumo ngesiphetho. Akudingeki futhi ukuba iveze imibono ngokulinganayo nakuba lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka.Kuyenzeka uveze ubuhlakani noma ungabi namancoko.
I-Eseyi ehluza umbhalo ofundiwe Kule –eseyi umbhali ubhala indaba esuselwe embhalweni awufundile, ngokuwuhumusha, awuhlole ngokuwuzwa kwakhe. Kubekwa imibono yesekelwe ngokukhombisa ngezibonelo ezisembhalweni ofundiwe. Ulimi lwethekisthi lungasetshenziswa ukukhombisa ukuthi nasembhalweni zisekhona izimpawu zolimi. Isitayela esisemthethweni, kodwa asivezi kuphela umbono wombhali. Abafundi bangacelwa ukuba baphendule ngendlela abafisa ngayo.
• Incwadi yomsebenzi Ukubhala incwadi yomsebezi kubalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke, yingakho nesakhiwo sayo sibalulekile. Abafundi kumele babhale incwadi yomsebenzi yangempela , uma kuvuma, baze bazipose nje impela balindele nezimpendulo. Izincwadi yomsebenzi iebhalwa zingenanhloso, kungezona ezangempela ziyavilaphisa. Izincwadi zezicelo njengezokucela isikhundla enyuvesi, nezokucela umsebenzi, ziphendulwa ngempela. Ukubaluleka kwencwadi-ke kuzokwaziwa. Enye incwadi ingathunyelwa ephephandabeni, uma isihloko sithinta izindaba zomphakathi. Okuqukethwe yikhona okubalulekile kulo mqulu hhayi isakhiwo. Zama ukwenza zonke izinhlobo zezincwadi zomsebenzi, njengencwadi yokucela isikhundla, incwdai eya kuMhleli wephephandaba, incwadi yokukhononda njll. • Namathela ezidingweni zalolo hlobo lwencwadi, njengesakhiwo nesitayela. • Kusetshenziswa ulimi oluqondile nolulula. • Khumbula ukuthi izethameli ezihlosiwe kumele zikuqonde okushiwoyo, ukuze zikwazi ukuphendula uma
kudingekile. • Umbhalo mawucace futhi uqonde, uhleleke kahle, futhi unembe. • Kusetshenziswa irejista yolimi efanelekile • Kuphethwa ngendlela efanelekile ugcine ngesibongo kanye nezinhlamvu zokuqala zamagama ombhali. Incwadi yobungane Nazi iziphakamiso ezimayelana nokubhala incwadi yobungane : • Kusetshenziswa ulimi olungabekelwe migomo , kanjalo nerijista nesitayela. • Kubhalwa ngolimi olulula nokuzwakalayo • Kuhlelwa kahle, kucace nokuthi empeleni uthini encwadini. • Makube khona isingeniso, umzimba nesiphetho. • Makube khona ikheli elilodwa, lombhali, bese ubhala ikheli ngezansi kwalo • Kusetshenziswa isibingelelo sobungani esingabekelwe mgomo, sibe ngezansi kwekheli lombhali.
30 | P a g e
I- ajenda yomhlangano Ukubhala i-memorandamu, i-ajenda namaminithi omhlangano kubaluleke kuphela uma kufeza inhloso . Indlela engcono yokufundisa ukubhalwa kwale misebenzi ukuthi abafundi babheke i-vidiyo yokuthile noma-ke bethamele umhlangano wangempela, mabecelwa ukuthi babhale amaminithi kulowo mhlangano, abakhiphe ne-ajenda kulawo maminithi, bese beqhathanisa i-ajenda yabo naleyo yomhlangano wangempela. Uma kungenziwa ngele ndlela, abafundi bagcina beziqagelela ukuthi i-ajenda namaminithi yinto enjani. Yakha i-ajenda ezosetshenziswa emhlangenweni ozicabangela wona, bese ucela abafundi babhale abacabanga ukuthi yikhona okungaba amamininthi omhlangano, ungagudluki kulokho okukwi- ajenda. Lokhu –ke akufani ncimishii namaminithi omhlangano obewukhona ngempela. • Bhala ngokufingqiwe uhla lwalokho okuzokhulunywa ngakho • Thumela lokhu kubantu okumele bethamele lo mhlangano • Hlela izihloko ngokubaluleka kwazo. • Nquma ukuthi isihlokongasinye sizothatha isikhathi esingakanani Amaminithi omhlangano • Bhala okwenzeke emhlanganweni • Khombisa lokhu:
o Igama lenhlangano o Usuku, indawo, nesikhathi esichithiwe emhlanganweni; o Uhla lwabantu abebekhona;
• Usebenzisa amagama ashiwo ngesikhathi kwenziwa iziphakamiso • Bhala ufingqe obekushiwo nokugcine kuvunyelwene ngakho • Sebenzisa inkathi eyedlule. Inkulumo, inkulumompendulwano nenhlolokhono Lezi zinhlobo zeziqephu zincike ekukhulumeni, ngakho –ke akumele zenziwe njengomsebenzi wokubhala. Inkulumo • Qala ngokukhetha isitayela ozosilandela, njengokuthi nini? Kuphi? Kungani? ( isizathu), ubani?
(izethameli)nokuthi yini? • Ovulayo uheha izethameli. • Yakha kahle amaphuzu ugweme amagama angafanelekile • Sebenzisa imisho emifushane, ngemibono esobala usebenzise izibonelo ezejwayelekile. • Gxeka ngendlela elinganayo uveze amaphuzu, futhi usebenzise izibonelo ezikholekayo. • Isiphetho sibalulekile, futhi akusona isifingqo sokushiwo ngaphambilini.
Inkulumompendulwano • Qamba inkulumo ezoba phakathi kwabantu ababili noma ngaphezulu. • Bhala okushiwo yisikhulumi njengoba kunjalo, uveze imibono yaso ngqo • Sebenzisa umugqa omusha ukukhombisa isikhulumi esisha. • Yeluleka izikhulumi (abafundayo) ukuthi kukhulunywa kanjani noma yenza okunikezwe kubakaki
ngaphambi kokukhulunywa kwamagama. • Yakha isithombe somqondo esikhombisa isimo sokuzoxoxwa ngakho ngaphambi kokuba ubhale
31 | P a g e
• Inkulumpendulwano iyisinyathelo esihle sokuqala ukufundisa ukubhala ngenxa yokuthi inkulumompendulwano enhle iveza ukusebenza kolimi lwesiZulu ezimweni zokukhulunywayo.
Inhlolokhono • Khuthaza ohlolwayo ngokubuza imibuzo . • Bhala amagama ezikhulumi ngasesandlelni sokunxele sekhasi • Sebenzisa umugqa omusha ukukhombisa isikhulumi esisha • Inhlolokhono iba ngamaphepha nje anezihlokwana, ngalokho asenokwenziwa indaba elandisayo.
Abafundi uma bebhala amapheshana enhlolokhono, bakwazi nokubona umehluko phakathi kwesiZulu esibhalwayo nesikhulunywayo, kangangoba bagcina sebebona ukuthi ukwethula inhlolokhono efundekayo, kumbandakanya ukulungiswa kwamaphutha okwenziwa ngokukhulu ukucophelela. Lokhu –ke ubuhle bokubhala inhlolokhono, ngaphandle kokubheka kakhulu okuqukethwe.
Umbiko Imibiko yimiqulu ebalulekile futhi esemthethweni, futhi isebenza kahle uma okuhlolwayo kuyinto eyenzeke ngempela nebalulekile kubafundi. Ayikho into embi njengokubhala umbiko ongelona iqiniso noma umbiko ngesihloko umbhali angasithandi • Bhala into eyenzekile ngale ndlela eyenzeke ngayo, isib. ingozi noma okunye nje okuboniwe • Makube nesihloko, isingeniso ( okwenze ngaphambilini, inhloso kanye nomklamo) , umzimba (ubani?
kungani? nini? Yini? kanjani?), isiphetho, iziphakamiso, imithombolwazi, isingezelelo • Lungiselela: qoqa uhlele ulwazi ; bhala amaphuzu • Sebenzisa ulwazi oluthi alube olunezimiso, kanjalo nerejista nesitayela.
• Sebenzisa :
o Inkathi yamanje (ngaphandle kwalawo enzeka kudala) o Amabizo ejwayelekile o Umuntu wesithathu o Nikeza incazelo yokwenzeke ngempela o Amagama nemishwana afanelene nesimo okhuluma ngaso o Ulimi olunezimiso, olungabhekisi kumuntu ngqo.
Isibuyekezo Isibuyekezo asivamile ukulandela iphethini. Akudingekile nokuthi sigxile esihlokweni esithile sencwadi, noma sefilimu noma se- CD. Ngokwejwayelekile, ababuyekezayo bathola kuqala ukuthi yini ebukezwayo nokuthi ngubani othintekayo. Ababuyekezayo bayazama ukwethembeka; Abangathembekile bahlala ngqo kumuntu bamnaphaze, . Amahlaya nawo avame ukutholakala lapho kubuyekezwa. Abanye yiyona ndlela abaziwa ngayo leyo. Yethulela abafundi izibuyekezo ezivela emithonjeni enhlobonhlobo yolwazi ukuze ubakhombise umahluko okhona ekubhalweni kwalolu hlobo lombhalo • Khombisa indlela umuntu ngamunye athinteka ngayo uma ebuka umsebenzini wobuciko, ifilimu, incwadi,
isehlakalo njll. • Veza “uvo kumbe isinqumo ” sakhe ngomsebenzi owethuliwe • Isibuyekezo siveza imizwa nemibono yomuntu uqobo. Kungenzeka abantu ababili babuyekeze umsebenzi
ofanayo kepha baveze imibono eyehlukene kakhulu. • Veza amaphuzu aqonde ngqo, isib. Igama lombhali, isihloko sencwadi /uphrojusa noma umlingisi,
32 | P a g e
igama labashicileli inkampani eyethule lowo mdlalo noma isithombe kanye nenani elidingekayo(uma kuvuma).
Indatshana yephephandaba • Shaya ngamafuphi ushaye emhlolweni • Qinisekisa ukwedlulisa lokho okusemqoka ukuze ningedukelani nabafundi (bephephandaba) • Fingqa ngendlela enembayo • Nikeza isithombe esicacile kanye nesihlokwana esihle • Qala ngamaphuzu asemqoka : athinta ukuthi okubikayo kwenziwe ubani, kanjani, kuyini, kuphi, ngani
nakangakanani. Indatshana yeiphephabhuku
• isikhathi esiningi izindatshana zeiphephabhuku zigqamisa lokho okuthandwa noma okungathandwa, nalokho okwehlukile esweni lombhali, yikhona okuhlamba phambili. Yilokhu-ke okudinga ukukhuthazwa kubafundi uma kwenziwa lolu hlobo lokubhala. Abafundi bayadinga ukubhala izindatshana zeiphephabhuku ezisezingeni eliphakeme ngakho konke lokho abakubona kusemqoka, nokungamahlaya, kokuhlekisa, nokokugxeka okuthile. Cishe abafundi abaningi bajwayele ukufunda lona lolu hlobo lwezindatshana zeiphephabhuku. Ubuchwepheshe be-intanethi bugcwele izindatshana, okuthi yize ziwuhlobo oluthe ukwehluka kancane kokubhalwe koiphephabhuku, kuyinto enhle ukuthi abafundi balufunde ngoba yilona oseludla ubhedu. Kuningi abangukufunda babhale nangakho emibhalweni ye-intanethi. Sebenzisa lokhu okulandelayo:
o isihloko kumele sihehe o isitayela asehluke, sixoxe-ngqo nofundayo
• isitayela singachaza ngokusobala noma sinkondloze, ngendlela engathandwa abafundayo. • amagama, izindawo, izikhathi, izikhundla nayo yonke imininingwane edingekayo kumele ifakwe kule
ndatshana. • Indatshana kumele iqubule isasasa. • Mayelana nezibukezo, akukabibikho luhlaka olwaziwayo olungasetshenziswa ebhukwini
leiphephabhuku. Ikharikhulamuu vithaye Njengoba abantu abaningi sebathanda ukusebenzisa amaphethini, kuhle ukulandela ukuthi yimaphi amaphethini angasebenziseka ngempumelelo.
• Zethule kahle kulo mbhalo okuveza kubantu. • Zethule kahle zibekwa nje. • Ulwazi olwethula ngawe, kumele lucace, lushaye emhlolweni. • Yisho okuthile okwenza ufaneleke kulowo msebenzi owufunayo. • Veza nalokhu:
o Imininingwane yakho o Okuphasiweyo o Ulwazi lomsebenzi o Amagama abantu abangakaza ngawe
Umlando ngomufi Kusemqoka ukuveza ulwazi olulandelayo uma kubhalwa ulwazi ngomufi:
• Igama nesibongo salowo oshonile, ikheli, ubudala, usuku lokuzalwa, indawo lapho azalelwa khona, ashonela khona, imbangela yokufa, ubude besikhathi asigulile (uma ethathwe ukugula) kanye nezihlobo zakhe (abazali njll.).
• Akuzuzile empilweni, ngokwemfundo, nasemphakathini.
33 | P a g e
• Amanqampunqampu ngomufi. Kungathintwa izinto ayezenza eziyohlala zikhumbuleka emndenini nakubangani. Lokhu kwakha isithombe esicacile kofundayo.
• Umbiko wokuzwelana nomndeni nawo ungafakwa.
Qaphela: • Eminye imilando ingafaka okusondelene nomufi njengenkondlo. • Ulimi olusetshenziswayo yilolo olumiselwe imigomo (formal). • Sebenzisa izihlonipho njengokuthi ‘ugoduke’ kunokuthi ‘ufe’
UBUDE BAMATHEKISTHI ABABHALWAYO OBUMELE BUKHIQIZWE: amathekisthi Ibanga
Izinkondlo
I noveli /umdlalo / ubuciko bomlomo Ama-eseyi emibhalo
Inani lamagama Inani lamagama Ibanga- 10 90 – 140 amagama 240 – 290 amagama Ibanga- 11 140 – 190 amagma 290 – 340 amagama Ibanga- 12 190 – 240 amagama 340 – 390 amagama
Ama-eseyi Ibanga Inani lamagama Inani lamagama Achazayo, alandayo Aningayo, aphikisayo/adaza inkani.
Ibanga -10 300-350 amagama 240-290 amagama Ibanga -11 200-250 amagama 350-400 amagama 250-300 amagama 400-450 amagama
Imibhalo ephathelene nomsebenzi
Amabanga Ubhalo olwehlukanisayo Ubhalo oluhlanganisayo
Ikharikhulamuu vithaye, nencwadi ephelezelayo, inhlolokhono ebhalwayo, ingxoxo, izincwadi: eya ephephandabeni, yokucela umsebenzi, yokukhononda, yobungani, eya ephephandabeni, ephephabhukwini, izindatshana, amaminithi ne-ajenda (okubuzwa kuhambisane), umlando ngomufi, izibuyekezo, imibiko (emiselwe nengamiselwe), inkulumo elungiselelwe nengalungiselelwe.
10 180-200 amagama 100-120 amagama 11 180-200 amagama 100-120 amagama 12 180-200 amagama 100-120 amagama
34 | P a g e
3.4 izakhiwo kanye nezimiso zolimi Kuleli zinga kufanele ngabe abafundi sebenolwazi oluyisisekelo sohlelo lolimi: izingcezu zenkulumo, imithetho yezivumelwano, ukusetshenziswa kwenkathi, izingasenzo nezinsizasenzo, izakhiwo zemisho. Ukufundisa uhlelo lolimi luzimele ngalodwana akusenziwa. Uhlelo lolimi selufundiswa ludidiyelwe ngenxa yokubaluleka kwalo kulezi zingxenye ezimbili :
• Uhlelo lolimi lubaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni ulwazi olusha, ukuhlaziya kanye nokuhlola amathekisthi, angamaqiniso nangewona, kanye naqanjiwe angakholakali. Lapha kumele abafundi bakwazi ukuqaphela ukuthi umbhali uzisebenzise kanjani, izakhiwo zamagama, ukuhleleka kwemisho nendlela ethize edinga ukuqashelwa (ubude, ubunzima noma ubulula bezakhiwo), ukuba khona nokungabikho bezigaba zamabizo; ukusetshenziswa ngendlela engajwayelekile yenkathi yesenzo; ukusetshenziswa kwenkulumo ngqo nenkulumo edluliselwyo. Ukubheka ukubaluleka kohlelo lolimi ekwakheni umqondo, ukwethula amaqiniso nokugqugquzela ukuqonda kabanzi amathekisthi nokuthi asebenza kanjani. Abafundi bazozibonela ukuthi uhlelo lolimi kudingeka luhlale lukhona ezimweni zolimi futhi lufundiswa esiZulwini.
• Uhlelo lolimi lusetshenziswa kakhulu emibhalweni. Njengoba ukubhala kungeminye yemisebenzi ebalulekile kuleli banga, kubalulekile ukuthi abafundi babhale uhlaka lokuqala ekilasini. Lokhu kunikeza othisha ukuba bakwazi ukubona amaphutha ohlelo lolimi ngenkathi bebhala. Balungise amaphutha ngaso leso sikhathi, kunokuba kulungiswe ngesikhathi abafundi sebeletha umsebenzi ukuthi uzomakwa, othisha bazothola kukuncane okudinga ukulungiswa, abafundi bazotshengiswa ngaphambi kokuba baqede umsebenzi, ukuthi kungalungiswa kanjani. Incane intshisekelo ekulungiseni umsebenzi osubuya kuthisha kanti abafundi abazuzi lutho kulokho. Lokhu kusiza uthisha ukubona ukuthi bukhona ubudedengu obukhona ekubhalweni kwegrama ngabafundi , nokungaqondi okuthile okuzomele kufundiswe ekilasini. Enye indlela yokuxhumanisa uhlelo lolimi kanye nokubhala, ukunikeza abafundi imibhalo ebhalwe ngabanye abafundi enamuphutha ohlelweni lolimi, abafundi bahlukaniswe ngababili ukuba bamake lo msebenzi. Bazise umbhali ukuthi yikuphi lapho kunamaphutha khona futhi kungani. Othisha kumele bagxile kakhulu emaphutheni ejwayelekile, noma bafake amaphutha amaningi azolungiswa. Indlela elula yokusebenza ngohlelo lolimi ukusebenza ngemibhalo. Zombili lezi zinto zibalulekile futhi ngeke wazehlukanisa ngoba yizo eziveza impumelelo ekusetshenzisweni kolimi.
• Isengezelo sinethebula elinohlu lwezakhiwo nezimiso zolimi okulindeleke ukuthi abafundi bazisebenzise uma benza imisebenzi yokufundwa kolimi enjengokulalela, ukukhuluma, ukufunda kanye nenqubo yokubhala. Lezi zakhiwo kumele zifundiswe ngokwesimo zididiyelwe ngendlela efanele ezimweni ezahlukene ezithinta ama-orali, amathekisthi abonwayo nabhaliwe.
3.5 Uhlelo lokufundisa Izinhlelo zamasontonke ezilandelayo ziyizibonelo nje, akuhlosiwe ukuvimba ngazo ezinye izinhlelo ezingase zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo. Iziphakamiso zezinhlelo zokufundisa zamabanga 10-12 zakhelwe phezu kwezinhlelo zamasonto adidiyelwe ngamabiliesikhathini esingamahora ayisi-9. Abafundi bamabanga 10-12 kumele okungenani banikezwe umsebenzi wasekhaya ongamahora ama-3 ngesonto, kanjalo futhi nemibhalo ethe-xaxa okumele bayifunde kulolo limi. Bangabhaliswa imisebenzi ethile njengomsebenzi wasekhaya.
35 | P a g e
Uma kwakhiwa uhlelo oludidiyelwe lwamasonto amabili uthisha uthisha engahlanganisa imisebenzi ezihlokweni ezithile njengezithinta isimo sasemsebenzini, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukufunda incwadi eqokiwe, nekhono elithile eliphathelene nokufunda njengenkulumo-mpikiswano, ukubhala ngodaza inkani, izimo zempikiswano, nemibhalo ethile yokufundisa ulimi. Umjikelezo wamasonto amabili ungahlelwa nganoma iyiphi indlela njengokuqala ngokufunda, ukuxoxa, kulandele ukubhala. Umbhalo oqokiwe noma yimuphi-ke ungasetshenziswa ekufezeni le misebenzana engezansi. Ukuze kwandiswe amathuba okufunda nokubhala, abafundi kulindeleke ukuthi benze lokhu okulandelayo okuyiziphakamiso zamasonto amabili:
• Bazimbadakanye emisebenzini yokulalela nokukhuluma • Bafunde isifundo sokuqondisisa bese bephendula imibuzo noma bafingqe • Bafunde izincwadi ezimiselwe ukufundwa • Babhale ama-eseyi/izindaba noma imibhalo emide edlulisa umyalezo • Bathuthukise futhi bazejwayeze ukusebenzisa ulimi ngendlela eyiyo belandela izimiso zolimi
ekuxhumaneni(ukulalela, ukukhuluma, ukufunda kanye nokubhala) Uthisha akulindelekile ukuthi amake wonke umsebenzi obhalwe ngabafundi kanye nama-orali. Uhlelo lokufundisa luveza onke amathaski amiselwe imigomo yokuhlola okudingeka ukuba uthisha awamake. Abafundi bangamakelana amathaski angamiselwe migomo belelekelwa uthisha. Uthisha angakhetha amanye amathaski angamiselwe migomo bese ewamaka ukuze akhombise abafundi ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani. Isibonelo, abafundi bebanga le-10 kumele babhale izindaba ezimbili kanye nombhalo omude odlulisa umyalezo ngethemu yokuqala. Lawa amanye amathaski akuphoqelekile ukuthi uthisha awamake ngaphandle- ke uma eziqokela yena ukukwenza lokho. Akusiwona umnqamulajuqu ukulandelana kwengqikithi yokufundwayo kanye nesikhathi esibekiwe, uthisha angaqala nanoma kunoma yiyiphi ingxenye yokutholakala ohlelweni lokufundisa. Othisha kumele bazakhele Izinhlelo zoFundisa (noma basebenzise lolo olutholakala ezincwadini) basebenzise ingqikithi beqalisa nanoma yingakuphi . Unyaka nonyaka ubude bamathemu buyaguquka, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi uhlelo lokufundisa/uhlaka lokufundisa luguqulwe ngokobude bethemu yalowo nyaka. Uthisha akabheke ohlwini oluchazwe kabanzi oluqukethe amakhono, amasu kanye nengqikithi. Amakhono, ingqikithi kanye namasu okutholakala ngezansi awabaliwe wonke.Uthisha aphinde abheke lawa avezwe engxenyeni ewu- 3.1 kuya ku-3.4 Ukufundiswa kwezakhiwo zolimi kumele kususelwe emathekisthini futhi kugxile ekuxhumaneni. Akumele kufundiswe kuzimele kodwa. Indlela uhlelo lokufundisa olumi ngayo, luveza izakhiwo zolimi zifakwe phakathi emakhonweni amathathu okumele afundiswe. Bheka kule ngxenye -3.4 uhla lwezakhiwo magama okumele lufundisiwe. Nakuba amakhono evezwe ngokwehlukana ohlelweni lokufundisa, kumele kufundiswe ngokudidiyela uma kunokwenzeka . Isib. Ekufundisweni kwenhlolokhono abafundi bangafundiswa ithekisthi ebhaliwe bese bebhala inhlolokhono ebhalwayo kamuva. Ukuqokwa kwezakhiwo zolimi ezizofundiswa kumele kuhambisane nohlobo lomsebenzi wama-orali kanye nobhalwayo owenziwa kuleso sikhathi samasonto amabili., isib. Izichasiso, amagama amqondofana, amagama amqondophika, izandiso, inkathi edlule kulekelela ekubhaleni indaba elandisayo noma echazayo. . Amasu okubhala nokukhuluma okufundiswe emasontweni amabili, kumele kuthathelwe ohlotsheni lwamathekeisthi azokhiqizwa. isib. Ukufundisa indaba elandisayo, abafundi kumele bafundiswe ukusebenzisa amagama aguqukayo akhomba imbangela nomthelela kanye noma ukulandelana kwezehlakalo.
36 | P a g e
3.5.1 IBANGA LE-10
IBANGA LE-10 ITHEMU LOKUQALA amasonto
Ukulalela nokukhuluma Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokwethula 1 n
elesi-
2
Ukulalela Ngokuqondisisa (ukuthola ulwazi, ukuhlola, ukuncoma)
Isikhathi :ihora
• Izimpawu ezibalulekile zemibhalo kanye nezingxenye zencwadi kumbandakanya nemibhalo enhlobonhlobo
• Ukufundwa
Kwemibhalo Isikhathi : amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Izincwadi; engamiselwe migomo nemiselwe imigomo (enxusayo/ ekhonondayo/eyokucela [umsebenzi]/ eyebhizinisi)/ izincwadi; emiselwe imigomo nengamiselwe migomo eziya kwabezindaba/ ikharikhulamu vithaye eyiphelezelayo/ umlando ngomufi/ i-ajenda namaminithi omhlangano. Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
37 | P a g e
3 nele
- 4
Inkulumo-mpikiswano
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela,ukucwaninga,ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufunda ngokuqondisisa: Amasu asetshenziswa ekufundeni amathekisthi abhaliwe[bheka ku 3.2]
• Ukufundwa kwemibhalo :izimpawu ezibalulekile zamanoveli /izindaba ezimfushane / imidlalo / ubuciko bomlomo kanye nezinkondlo Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
Indaba ebhalwayo eyodwa: Elandisayo /echazayo / edaza inkani Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
5n
elesi-
6
Ukulalela ngokuqondisisa Ukuthola ulwazi, ukuhlola, ukuncoma Isikhathi :ihora
Ukufunda ngokuqondisisa: Ukuhunyushwa kwamathekisthi abonwayo Ukufundwa kwemibhalo : Isikhathi :amahora ama-4
Imibhalo emfishane edlulisa umyalezo: Umbiko/ isibuyekezo/ indatshna yephephandaba/ indatshana yephephabhuku. Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/zimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
38 | P a g e
7nele
si- 8
Inkulumo/Ingxoxo
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela,ukucwaninga,ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufunda ngokuqondisisa:
Ukuthuthukiswa kolwazimagama nokusetshenziswa kolimi • Ukufundwa kwemibhalo
: Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
Indaba ebhalwayo eyodwa: Elandisayo /echazayo / edaza inkani Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi:amahora ama-4
9 nele
- 10
Inkulumo elungiselelwe/ nengalungiselelwe
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela,ukucwaninga,ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufingqa • Ukufundwa kwemibhalo • Isikhathi : amahora ama-
4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo / inkulumo/ inkulumo-mpendulwano/inhlolokhono Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
39 | P a g e
Amathaski amiselwe ukuhlolwa Ithaski yokuqala Ithaski yesibili Ithaski yesithathu Ithaski yesine Ama-orali:Ukulalela Ngokuqondisisa
*Ukubhala : indaba elandisyo / echazayo / edaza inkani.
*Ukubhala : umbhalo odlulisa umyalezo omfushane / omude
Isivivinyo sokuqala : Isivivinyo Sokuqondisisa nokusetshenziswa kolimi kanye nokufingqa Noma Imibhalo :Imibuzo emifushane / imibuzo emide
• Ukubhala : Khetha indaba eyodwa, omfushane ukuze abafundi balungiselwe ukuhlola kokuphela kwethemu yokuqala
40 | P a g e
IBANGA LE -10 ITHEMU YESIBILI amasonto Ukulalela nokukhuluma Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokwethula
11 n
ele -1
2
Inkulumo-mpendulwano / inhlolokhono/inkulumo
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela,ukucwaninga,ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufunda ngokuqondisisa :Amasu asetshenziswa ekufundeni amatheksisthi abhaliwe
Ukufundwa kwemibhalo
Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Inkulumo/inkulumo-mpendulwano/ inhlolokhono Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
41 | P a g e
13 n
ele- 1
4
Inkulumo elungiselelwe / engalungiselelwe
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi (amasu okukhuluma esidlangalaleni,izakhiwo kanye nenqubo yokulungiselela) imibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukuhlela,ukucwaninga,ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
o Ukufingqa • Ukufundwa kwemibhalo Isikhathi : amahora ama-4
Indaba ebhalwayo eyodwa: Elandisayo /echazayo / edaza inkani Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi
Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
15ne
le- 16
Ingxoxo engamiselwe migomo/Ukuxoxa
o Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
o Ukusetshenziswa kwezimiso zolimi
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukuhunyushwa kwemifanekiso / izithombe ( isib. Izikhangiso,amakhathuni,izithombe)
• Ukufundwa kwemibhalo Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Izincwadi; engamiselwe migomo nemiselwe imigomo (enxusayo/ eyokukhononda/ eyokucela[umsebenzi] /) izincwadi; engamiselwe migomo nemiselwe imigomo eziya kwabezindaba/ ikharikhulamu vithaye nencwadi eyiphelezelayo/ umlando ngomufi/i-ajenda namaminithi omhlangano Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
42 | P a g e
IBANGA LE -10 ITHEMU YESIBILI amasonto Ukulalela nokukhuluma Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokwethula
17ne
le- 18
Ingxoxo yesigungu
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela,ukucwaninga,ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufunda
ngokuqondisisa: Ukuthuthukiswa kolwazimagama nokusetshenziswa kolimi
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo
Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Umbiko/ isibuyekezo/ indatshana yephephandaba/ indatshana yephephabhuku. Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
19ne
lam
a- 20
Ukuhlola kwamaphakathi nonyaka
Amathaski amiselwe ukuhlolwa Ithaski 5 Ithaski -6 • Ama-orali :
Inkulumo elungiselelwe nengalungiselelwe
Ukuhlola kwamaphakathi nonyaka: Iphepha lokuqala : Ukufunda Iphepha lesibili : Ukubhala
43 | P a g e
IBANGA LE -10 ITHEMU YESITHATHU
AMAKHONO amasonto
Ukulalela nokukhuluma Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokwethula
21ne
lama-
22
Imihlangano kanye nenqubo yemihlangano
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela, ukucwaninga ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
Ukufunda Ngokuqondisisa: Ukuhunyushwa kwamathekisthi abonwayo • Ukufundwa kwemibhalo
Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Izincwadi; engamiselwe migomo nemiselwe imigomo (eyokunxusa /eyokukhononda/eyokufaka isicelo/eyebhizinisi) Izincwadi; engamiselwe migomo nemiselwe imigomo eziya kwabezindaba/ ikharikhulamu vithaye/ umlando ngomufi/ i-ajenda nanaminithi omhlangano Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala
izinhlaka zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa
kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
44 | P a g e
23ne
lama-
24
Ukuxoxa indaba
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela, ukucwaninga, ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
Ukufunda ngokuqondisisa: Ukuthuthukiswa kolwazimagama kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi
• Ukufundwa kwemibhalo
Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
Indaba ebhalwayo eyodwa: Elandisayo / echazayo / edaza inkani Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala
izinhlaka zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa
kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
25ne
lama-
26
Inkulumo elungiselelwe / engalungiselelwe
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela,ukucwaninga,ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
1. Ukufunda ngokuqondisisa : Amasu asetshenziswa ekufundeni amathekisthi abahaliwe: bheka ku 3.2 • Ukufundwa kwemibhalo
Isikhathi amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Inkulumo/ Inkulumo-mpendulwano Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala
izinhlaka zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa
kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
45 | P a g e
IBANGA LE-10 ITHEMU YESITHATHU Ukulalela
nokukhuluma Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokwethula
27ne
lama-
28
Inkulumo elungiselelwe / engalungiselelwe • Izimpawu kanye
nezimiso zolimi • Ukuhlela, ukucwaninga,
ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufingqa
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo Isikhathi : amahora ama-4
Indaba ebhalwayo eyodwa: Elandisayo /echazayo / edaza inkani Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
29 n
elam
a-30
Ukulalela Ngokuqondisisa (ukuthola ulwazi ukuhlolisisa kanye nokuncoma) Isikhathi :ihora
Ukufunda Ngokuqondisisa: ( Amasu asetshenziswa ekufundeni amathekisthi abhaliwe: bheka ku 3.2 • Isikhathi : amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Umbiko / isibuyekezo / indatshana yephephandaba/ indatshana yephephabhuku. Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
46 | P a g e
Amathaski amiselwe ukuhlolwa
Ithaski yesi-7 Ithaski yesi-8 Ithaski ye-9 Imibhalo : i-eseyi yokuhluza imibhalo efundiwe
*Ama-orali : inkulumo elungiselelwe nengalungiselwe
Isivivinyo sesibili : Isivivinyo sokuqondisisa ukusetshenziswa kolimi,ukufingqa Noma Imibhalo :imibuzo emifushane / imibuzo emide
47 | P a g e
IBANGA LE-10 ITHEMU YESINE
Ukulalela nokukhuluma Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokwethula 31
nelam
a- 32
Ukwethula isikhulumi sosuku / amazwi okubonga
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela,ukucwaninga,ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
Ukufunda Ngokuqondisisa Ukuhunyushwa kwamathekisthi abonwayo • Ukufundwa
Kwemibhalo • Isikhathi : amahora ama-
4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Izincwadi; engamiselwe migomo nemiselwe imigomo (enxusayo/ ekhonondayo/ ecelayo[umsebenzi]/ eyebhizinisi) ikharikhulamu vithaye nencwadi eyiphelezelayo/ i-ajenda namaminithi omhlangano/ izincwadi; engamiselwe migomo nemiselwe imigomo eziya kwabezindaba. Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala
izinhlaka zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi :amahora ama-4
48 | P a g e
33ne
lama-
34
Inkulumo elungiselelwe / engalungiselelwe
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi(amasu okukhuluma esidlangalaleni,izakhiwo kanye nenqubo yokulungiselela) imibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezimiso zolimi
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufunda
ngokuqondisisa ( Amasu asetshenziswa ekufundeni amathekisthi abhaliwe: bheka ku- 3.2
• Ukufundwa
Kwemibhalo :
Isikhathi amahora ama-4
Indaba ebhalwayo eyodwa: Elandisayo /echazayo / edaza inkani Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala
izinhlaka zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi amahora ama-4
35 n
elam
a- 36
Ukufunda okulungiselwe / nokungalungiselwe 2. Izimpawu kanye
nezimiso zolimi 3. Ukusetshenziswa
kwezimiso zolimi Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufingqa
• Ukufundwa
Kwemibhalo Isikhathi : amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Umbiko/ isibuyekezo/ indatshana yephephandaba/ indatshana yephephabhuku Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala
izinhlaka zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi :amahora ama-4
49 | P a g e
37 n
elam
a- 38
Ingxoxo yaphambi kwabantu/ ingxoxo yamaqembu/ingxoxo yesigungu
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• ukusetshenziswa kwezimiso zolimi
Isikhathi : ihora
Ukulungiselela ukuhlola kokuphela konyaka Ukufunda nokubukela: Ukufunda ngokuqondisisa Ukufingqa Imibhalo: Inoveli / ubuciko bomlomo Umdlalo izinkondlo
Ukulungiselela izivivnyo zokuphela konyaka Ukubhala nokwethula: Ama-eseyi Imibhalo edlulisa imiyalezo
39ne
lama
- 40 Ukuhlola kokuphela konyaka
Amathaski amiselwe ukuhlolwa Ithaski ye-11 Ithaski ye-12
*ama-orali : ukufunda okulungiselwe nokungalungiselwe
Ukuhlola kokuphela konyaka: Iphepha lokuqala : ukufunda Iphepha lesibili : ukubhala Iphepha lesithathu : ama-orali
50 | P a g e
3.5.2 IBANGA LE -11 IBANGA LE – 11 ITHEMU YOKUQALA
amasonto Ukulalela nokukhuluma
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokwethula 1 n
elesi-
2 Ukulalela ngokuqondisisa (ukuthola ulwazi, ukuhlolisisa ukuncoma) Isikhathi: ihora
Izimpawu zemibhalo nezingxenye ezithile zemibhalo enhlobonhlobo • Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo Isikhathi : amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Izincwadi; engamiselwe migomo nemiselwe imigomo (enxusayo eyokucela[umsebenzi] eyomsebenzi/eyebhizinizi) /izincwadi; emiselwe imigomo nengamiselwe migomo eziya kwabezindaba/ ikharikhulamu vithaye nencwadi eyiphelezelayo/ umlando ngomufi/ i-ajenda namamainithi omhlangano Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi amahora ama-4
51 | P a g e
3
nele-
4
Inkulumo-mpikiswano
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela,ukucwaninga,
ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufunda Ngokuqondisisa:
( Amasu asetshenziswa ekufundeni amathekisthi abhaliwe: bheka ku -3.2
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo
Isikhathi amahora ama-4
Indaba ebhalwayo eyodwa: Emayelana nokwenzeka / enqampuna imibono / edaza inkani Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi amahora ama-4
5 and
6
5nele
si- 6
Ukulalela Ngokuqondisisa (ukuthola ulwazi, ukuhlolisisa ukuncoma) Isikhathi :ihora
• Ukufunda
Ngokuqondisisa: Ukuthuthukiswa
kolwazimagama kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo
Isikhathi amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Umbiko /isibuyekezo/indatshana yephephandaba/ indatshana yephephabhuku Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
52 | P a g e
7 nele
si- 8
Inkulumo elungiselelwe / engalungiselelwe: amasu okukhuluma phambi kwabantu, izakhiwo kanye nohlelo lokulungiselela
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela,ukucwaninga,ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukuhunyushwa kwamathekisthi abonwayo ( isib. Izikhangiso,amakhathuni,
izithombe)
• Ukufundwa kwemibhalo Isikhathi amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo :Inkulumo/ inkulumo-mpendulwano/ inhlolokhono Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
9 nele
- 10
Inkulumo elungiselelwe / engalungiselelwe
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela,ukucwaninga,
ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufingqa
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo Isikhathi : amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Inkulumo/ inkulumo-mpendulwano/inhlolokhono Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
53 | P a g e
Amathaski amiselwe ukuhlolwa Ithaski yokuqala
Ithaski lesibili Ithaski yesithathu Ithaski yesine
*Ama-orali : Ukulalela ngokuqondisisa
Ukubhala : indaba elandisayo / indaba echazayo / indaba edaza inkani
Ukubhala: imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo
Isivivinyo sokuqala :Isifundo sokuqondisisa nokusetshenziswa kolimi Ukufingqa Noma Imibhalo :imibuzo emifushane /i-eseyi ehluza umbhalo ofundiwe
• Ukubhala : Khetha indaba eyodwa, nombhalo odlulisa umyalezo omfushane owodwa ukuze kube wukuhlola kokuphela kwethemu
54 | P a g e
IBANGA LE- 11 ITHEMU YESIBILI
amasonto Ukulalela nokukhuluma Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokwethula
11 n
ele- 1
2
Inkulumo-mpendulwano inhlolokhono / Ingxoxo/ ukuxoxisana
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela,ukucwaninga,ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi: ihora
• Ukufunda Ngokuqondisisa:
Ukuthuthukiswa kolwazimagama kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo
Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Inkulumo/ Inkulumo mpendulwano / inhlolokhono Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi :amahora ama-4
13 n
ele- 1
4
Inkulumo elungiselelwe / engalungiselelwe
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela,ukucwanin
ga,ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufingqa
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo Isikhathi : amahora ama-4
Indaba ebhalwayo eyodwa:Emayelana nokwenzeka/ enqampuna imibono/ edaza inkani Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/zimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi :amahora ama-4
55 | P a g e
15 n
ele- 1
6
Ingxoxo yesigungu
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukusebenzisa izimso zolimi engxoxweni
• Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukuhunyushwa
kwamathekisthi abonwayo
isib. izikhangiso amakhathuni,izithombe
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo • Isikhathi amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Umbiko/ isibuyekezo/ indatshana yephephandaba / indatshana yephephabhuku Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe • Isakhiwo/Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
56 | P a g e
IBANGA LE – 11 ITHEMU YESIBILI
amasonto Ukulalela nokukhuluma Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokwethula
17 n
ele- 1
8
Ingxoxo ezingabekelwa migomo/Ukuxoxixana • Izimpawu kanye nezimiso
zolimi • Ukusetshenziswa
kwezimiso zolimi • Ukuhlela,ukucwaninga,uk
uhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufunda Ngokuqondisisa:
Amasu asetshenziswa ekufundeni amathekisthi abhaliwe: bheka ku- 3.2
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo Isikhathi amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Inkulumo /inkulumo-mpendulwano/ inhlolokhono Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala
izinhlaka zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho
• Ukubhalwa kwezigaba
• Ukukhethwa kwamagama
• Irejista,isitayela kanye nephimbo
• Izimiso zoliimi Isikhathi amahora ama-4
19
nella
ma-
20
Ukuhlola kwamaphakathi nonyaka
Amathaski amiselwe ukuhlolwa Ithaski yesi-5
Ithaski yesi- 6
*ama-orali : inkulumo elungiselelwe / engalungiselwe
Ukuhlola kwamaphakathi konyaka: Iphepha lokuqala : Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha lesibili : Ukubhala
57 | P a g e
IBANGA LE -11 ITHEMU YESITHATHU
AMAKHONO amasonto Ukulalela
nokukhuluma Ukuhunyushwa kwamathekisthi abonwayo
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokwethula
21 an
d 22
Imihlangano kanye nenqubo yemihlangano
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela, ukucwaninga, ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula.
Isikhathi: ihora
Ukufunda Ngokuqondisisa: Ukuhunyushwa kwamathekisthi abonwayoI • Ukufundwa
Kwemibhalo
Isikhathi :amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Izincwadi; engamiselwe migomo nemiselwe imigomo (enxusayo/ eyokukhononda/ eyokucela[umsebenzi] eyebhizinisi)/ izincwadi; engamiselwe migono nemiselwe imigomo eziya kwabezindaba/ ikharikhulamu vithaye nencwadi eyiphelezelayo/ umlando ngomufi/ i-ajenda namaminithi omhlangano Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
58 | P a g e
23 an
d 24
Ukuxoxa indaba kanye / izibongo / izihasho
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela, ukucwaninga,ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufunda Ngokuqondisisa:
( Amasu asetshenziswa ekufundeni amathekisthi abhaliwe: bheka ku- 3.2
• Ukufundwa
Kwemibhalo
Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
Indaba ebhalwayo eyodwa: Emayelana nosekwenzeka/ eqhathanisayo/ edaza inkani Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
25 an
d 26
Inkulumo elungiselelwe / engalungiselelwe
o Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
o Ukuhlela, ukucwaninga,ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufunda Ngokuqondisisa:
Ukuthuthukiswa kolwazimagama kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo
Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Inkulumo/ inkulumo-mpendulwano/inhlolokhono Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi :amahora ama-4
59 | P a g e
IBANGA LE -11 ITHEMU LESI-3
Ukulalela nokukhuluma
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokwethula 27
nelam
a- 28
Inkulumo elungiselelwe / engalungiselelwe • Izimpawu kanye
nezimiso zolimi • Ukuhlela,ukuc
waninga,ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufingqa
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo Isikhathi : amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Inkulumo/ inkulumo-mpendulwano/inhlolokhono Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
29 n
ellam
a- 30
Ukulalela ngokuqondisisa (ukuthola ulwazi, ukuhlolisisa ukuncoma) Isikhathi :ihora
• Ukufunda Ngokuqondisisa:
Amasu asetshenziswa ekufundeni amathekisthi abhaliwe: bheka ku 3.2
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo Isikhathi : amahora ama-4
Indaba ebhalwayo eyodwa: Emayelana nosekwenzeka/ eqhathanisayo/edaza inkani Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi :amahora ama-4
60 | P a g e
Amathaski amiselwe ukuhlolwa
Ithaski yesi-7 Ithaski yesi -8 Ithaski ye-9 Imibhalo : I-eseyi ehluza umbhalo ofundiwe
*Ama-orali : inkulumo elingiselelwe / nengalungiselelwe
Isivivinyo -2 : Isifundo sokuqondisisa nokusetshenziswa kolimi kanye nokufingqa Noma Imibhalo :imibuzo emifushane /I-eseyi ehluza umbhalo ofundiwe
61 | P a g e
IBANGA LE -11 ITHEMU YESINE
Ukulalela nokukhuluma Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokwethula 31
nelam
a- 32
Ukwethula isikhulumi sosuku / amazwi okubonga
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela,ukucwaninga,ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufunda
Ngokuqondisisa: Amasu asetshenziswa ekufundeni amathekisthi abhaliwe: bheka ku 3.2
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo Isikhathi : amahora ama-4
Indaba ebhalwayo eyodwa: emayelana nosekwenzeka/ enqampuna imibono/ edaza inkani Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi amahora ama-4
33 n
elam
a- 34
Ukufunda okulungiselelwe / nokungalungiselelwe
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezimiso zolimi
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufunda Ngokuqondisisa:
Ukuthuthukiswa kolwazimagama kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo
Isikhathi amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Izincwadi; engamiselwe migomo nemiselwe imigomo (eyokunxusa/ eyokukhononda/ eyokucela[umsebenzi] eyebhizinisi)izincwadi; engamiselwe migomo nemiselwe imigomo eziya kwabezindaba/ ikharikhulamu vithaye nencwdi eyiphelezelayo/ umlando ngomufi/ i-ajenda namaminithi omhlangano. Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi :amahora ama-4
62 | P a g e
35ne
lama-
36
Inkulumo-mpikiswano/ nengxoxo yesigungu
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela,ukucwaninga,ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufingqa
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo Isikhathi : amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Umbiko/ isibuyekezo/ indatshana yephephandaba/ indatshana yephephabhuku. Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe • Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi amahora ama-4
37 n
elam
a- 38
Umbiko / isibuyekezo
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela,ukucwaninga,ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
Ukulungiselela izivivnyo zokuphela konyaka Ukufunda nokubukela: Isifundo sokuqondisisa esifundwayo Ukufingqa Imibhalo: Inoveli / ubuciko bomlomo Umdlalo izinkondlo
Ukulungiselela izivivnyo zokuphela konyaka Ukubhala nokwethula: Ama-eseyi Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo
39
nelam
a-
40
Izivivinyo zokuphela konyaka
Amathaski amiselwe ukuhlolwa Ithaski ye-10 Ithaski ye-11
*ama-orali : ukufunda okulungiselwe / okungalungiselwe
Izivivnyo zokuphela konyaka: Iphepha lokuqala : ukufunda Iphepha lesibili : ukubhala Iphepha lesithathu : ama-orali
63 | P a g e
3.5.3 IBANGA LE-12
IBANGA LE 12 ITHEMU YOKUQALA amasonto
Ukulalela nokukhuluma Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokwethula 1n
elesi-
2
Ukulalela ngokuqondisisa (ukuthola ulwazi, ukuhlolisisa ukuncoma) Isikhathi :ihora
4. Izimpawu ezibalulekile zemibhalo nezingxenye ezithile zencwadi kumbandakanye nemibhalo enhlobonhlobo
Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo Isikhathi : amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo Izincwadi; engamiselwe migomo nemiselwe imigomo (eyokunxusa /eyokukhononda/eyokufaka isicelo/eyebhizinisi) Izincwadi; engamiselwe migomo nemiselwe imigomo eziya kwabezindaba/ ikharikhulamu vithaye nencwadi eyiphelezelayo/ umlando ngomufi/ i-ajenda nanaminithi omhlangano Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
64 | P a g e
3 nele
si- 4
Ingxoxo / inkulumo- mpendulwano /umbiko / isibuyekezo 5. Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi 6. Ukuhlela, 7. ukucwaninga,
ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
8. Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufunda Ngokuqondisisa:
Amasu asetshenziswa ekufundeni amathekisthi abhaliwe: bheka ku- 3.2
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo
Isikhathi amahora ama-4
Indaba ebhalwayo eyodwa: Emayelana nosekwenzeka/ elandisayo/ edaza inkani/ enqampuna imibono/ echazayo Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi amahora ama-4
5 n
elesi-
6
Ukulalela ngokuqondisisa (ukuthola ulwazi, ukuhlolisisa, ukuncoma)
Isikhathi :ihora
• Ukufunda Ngokuqondisisa:
Ukuthuthukiswa kolwazimagama kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo
Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Umbiko/ isibuyekezo/ izindatshana zamaphephandaba /izindatshana zamaphephabhuku Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
65 | P a g e
7nele
si- 8
Inkulumo elungiselelwe / engalungiselelwe
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi(amasu okukhuluma okukhuluma phambi kwabantu isakhiwo nendlela yokulungiselela)
• Ukuhlela,ukucwaning
a, ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukuhunyushwa
kwemifanekiso / izithombe
• isib. izikhangiso amakhathuni,izithombe
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo
Isikhathi amahora ama-4
Umbhalo odlulisa umyalezo : Incwadi emiselwe imigomo yokufaka isicelo somsebenzi nencwadi ehambisana nayo/ eyokuzisho[CV]/ eyokucela/ eyokukhononda/eyokubonga/eyebhizinisi (eyoku-oda/ eyokhangisa) /izincwadi; engamiselwe migomo nemiselwe imigomo eziya kwabezindaba/ inkulumo-mpendulwano/izibuyekeza/imibiko ebekelwe imigomo nengabekelwe migomo Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi amahora ama-4
66 | P a g e
9 and
10
Inkulumo elungiselelwe / engalungiselelwe
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela, ukucwaninga,
ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufingqa
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo
Isikhathi : amahora ama-4
Indaba ebhalwayo eyodwa: Emayelana nosekwenzeka/ elandisayo/ edaza inkani/ echazayo Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
Amathaski amiselwe ukuhlolwa Ithaski -1 Ithaski -2 Ithaski-3 Ithaski- 4 Ithaski- 5
* Ama-orali :Isivivinyo sokulalela ngokuqondisisa
Ukubhala :indaba Ukubhala : Imibhalo eyedlulisa umyalezo
Ama-orali : inkulumo elungiselelwe / engalungiselelwe
Isivivinyo -1 : Isivivinyo sokuqondisisa noku kusetshenziswa kolimi kanye nokufingqa Noma Imibhalo :imibuzo emifushane /i-eseyi ehluza umbhalo ofundiwe
67 | P a g e
IBANGA LE 12 ITHEMU YESI-2 amasonto Ukulalela nokukhuluma Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokwethula
11
nele-
12
Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zenkulumo-mpendulwano / zenhlolokhono
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela,ukucwaninga,
ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi: ihora
• Ukufunda Ngokuqondisisa:
Amasu asetshenziswa ekufundeni amathekisthi abhaliwe: bheka ku 3.2
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo
Isikhathi amahora ama-4
Umbhalo owedlulisa umyalezo: Inkulumo/ inkulumo-mpendulwano/ inhlolokhono Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi
Isikhathi amahora ama-4
13ne
le- 14
Ingxoxo yamaqembu / ingxoxo yesigungu/ ingxoxo yenkundla/inkulumo- mpikiswano
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela,ukucwaninga,
ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi: ihora
• Ukufingqa • Izimpawu zemibhalo
Isikhathi : amahora ama-4
Indaba ebhalwayo eyodwa: Edaza inkani / eyethula amaqiniso / eningayo / elandisayo / echazayo / ejeqeza emuva Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
68 | P a g e
15ne
le- 16
Ingxoxo engabekelwe migomo/ ukuxoxisana
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela,ukucwaninga,ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukuhunyushwa kwamathekisthi abonwayo isib. Izikhangiso,amakhathuni, Isithombe
Ukufundwa kwemibhalo : Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo Izincwadi; engamiselwe migomo nemiselwe imigomo (eyokunxusa /eyokukhononda/eyokufaka isicelo/eyebhizinisi) Izincwadi; emiselwe imigomo nengamiselwe migomo eziya kwabezindaba ikharikhulamu vithaye nencwadi ephelezelayo/ umlando ngomufi/ i-ajenda nanaminithi omhlangano Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi:amahora ama-4
17 n
ele- 1
8
Inkulumo elungiselelwe / engalungiselelwe
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukuhlela, ukucwaninga,ukuhlanganisa ngesu elithile kanye nokwethula
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufunda Ngokuqondisisa:
Ukuthuthukiswa kolwazimagama kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo
Isikhathi amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Inkulumo/ inkulumo-mpendulwano/inhlolokhono Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
69 | P a g e
19
nelam
a- 20
Ukuhlola kwamaphakathi nonyaka
Amathaski amiselwe ukuhlolwa Ithaski - 6 Ithaski- 7 Ithaski- 8
I-eseyi ehluza umbhalo ofundiwe
Ama-orali: inkulumo elungiselelwe /engalungiselelwe
Ukuhlola kwamaphakathi nonyaka Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala
IBANGA LE -12 ITHEMU YESI-3 AMAKHONO amasonto
Ukulalela nokukhuluma
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokwethula
21 n
elam
a- 22
Ingxoxo engabekelwe migomo/ukuxoxisana
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezimiso zolimi
Isikhathi : ihora
• Ukufunda
Ngokuqondisisa: ( Amasu asetshenziswa ekufundeni amathekisthi abhaliwe: bheka ku- 3.2
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo
Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Umbiko / isibuyekezo/ indatshana yephephandaba/ indatshana yephephephabhuku Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
70 | P a g e
23 n
elam
a- 24
Ukwethula isikhulumi/ amazwi okubonga
• Izimpawu kanye nezimiso zolimi
• Ukusetshenz
iswa kwezimiso zolimi
Isikhathi : ihora
Ukufunda ngokuqondisisa: Ukuhunyushwa kwamathekisthi ebonwayo • Ukufundwa kwemibhalo Isikhathi : amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Inkulumo/ isibuyekezo/ indatshana yephephandaba/ indatshana yephephabhuku Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
25 n
elam
a- 26
Ukumodereyithwa kwama-orali
• Ukufingqa
• Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo • Isikhathi : amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Izincwadi; engamiselwe migomo nemiselwe imigomo(eyokunxusa /eyokukhononda/eyokufaka isicelo/eyebhizinisi) Izincwadi; engamiselwe migomo nemiselwe imigomo eziya kwabezindaba/ ikharikhulamu vithaye nencwadi ehambisana nayo /umlando ngomufi/i-ajenda nanaminithi omhlangano Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
71 | P a g e
IBANGA LE -12 ITHEMU YESI-3 Ukulalela
nokukhuluma Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokwethula
27ne
lama-
28
Ukumodereyithwa kwama-orali Isikhathi: ihora
Ukufunda Ngokuqondisisa: Ulwazimagama nokusetshenziswa kolimi • Ukufundwa Kwemibhalo Isikhathi : amahora ama-4
Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Umbiko / isibuyekezo /indatshana yephephandaba/ indatshana yephephabhuku Inqubo yokubhala • Ukuhlela, ukubhala izinhlaka
zokuqala nokubuyekeza,ukulungisa amaphutha kanye nokwethula
• Isakhiwo/Izimpawu zemibhalo ekhethiwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisho • Ukubhalwa kwezigaba • Ukukhethwa kwamagama • Irejista,isitayela kanye
nephimbo • Izimiso zolimi Isikhathi: amahora ama-4
29 n
elam
a-
30
Ukusinga kuhlola
Amathaski amiselwe ukuhlolwa Ithaski-9 Ithaski- 11 Ama-orali : Ingxoxo okulungiselwe /-ukwethula isikhulumi/amazwi okubonga
**Ukukusinga kuhlola Iphepha 1 : ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2 : ukubhala
72 | P a g e
IBANGA LE -12 ITHEMU YE-4 Ukulalela nokukhuluma Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokwethula
31 n
elam
a- 32
Ukumodereyithwa kwama-orali
Kucijwa abafundi ngokusebenzisa imibuzo yamaphepha okuhlola amadala amayelana nokuhlolwa kolimi ezimweni ezithize nemibhalo kubhekiswe kulokhu: : Ukufunda isifundo sokuqondisisa nokusetshenziswa kolimi ukufingqa imibhalo : inoveli / ubuciko bomlomo umdlalo izinkondlo
Kucijwa abafundi ngokusebenzisa amaphepha okuhlola amadala : Ukubhala : Izindaba Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo
33 n
elam
a- 34
Ukumodereyithwa kwama-orali
Kucijwa abafundi ngokusebenzisa imibuzo yamaphepha okuhlola amadala amayelana nokuhlolwa kolimi ezimweni ezithize nemibhalo kubhekiswe kulokhu: Ukufunda : isifundo sokuqondisisa nokusetshenziswa kolimi ukufingqa imibhalo : inoveli / ubuciko bomlomo umdlalo izinkondlo
Kucijwa abafundi ngokusebenzisa amaphepha okuhlola amadala: Ukubhala : Izindaba Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo Imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo
35 n
elam
a-
36
Ukuhlola kokuphela konyaka
37
nelam
a-38
Ukuhlola kokuphela konyaka
39
nelam
a-
40
Ukuhlola kokuphela konyaka
Iphepha 1 : Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2 : Ukubhala Iphepha 3 : Ama-orali
73 | P a g e
ISIGABA - 4
Ukuhlola oLimini lwaseKhaya
4.1 ISINGENISO:
Ukuhlola kuwuhlelo oluqhubekayo enqubeni yokuhlonza, yokuqoqa, yokuhumusha ulwazi lokuthi abafundi basebenze kanjani, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukene zokuhlola. Kufaka amazinga amane : ukwakha nokuqoqa ubufakazi bomphumela, ukulinganisa lobu bufakazi, ukurekhoda okutholakele kanye nokusebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuqonda nokukwazi ukulekelela ukuthuthuka komfundi ukuze kwenziwe ngcono inqubo yokufunda nokufundisa.
Ukuhlola kumele kube mbaxa mbili, okungamiselwe migomo migomo( ukuhlola ukuze kufundwe)
nokumiselwe imigomo (ukuhlola kokufunda). Kukho kokubili lokhu kuhlola kubalulekile ukuba abafundi baziswe indlela abenze ngayo ekuhlolweni kwabo ukuze kuqinise ubungcweti ekufundeni.
Ukuhlola kwamakhono olimi kumele kudidiyelwe. Ukuhlolwa kwesifundo sokuqondisisa kumele kuhlanganiswe nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Ukuhlola kokubhala kumele kufake izihloko ezithinta ngqo okwenzeka empilweni .
4.2 UKUHLOLWA OKUNGAMISELWE MIGOMO NOMA UKUHLOLA KWANSUKUZONKE:
Ukuhlolela ukufunda kunenjongo yokuqoqa ulwazi lokuthuthuka kwabafundi olungasetshenziswa ekuthuthukiseni ukufunda. Ukuhlolwa okungamiselwe migomo kuwukuqaphela kwansukuzonke inqubekela phambili yabafundi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuthi kubhekwe, kukhulunywe, kubonakaliswe ngokwenza, ukubonisana phakathi kukathisha nomfundi, nokuxhumana kwasekilasini okungamiselwe migomo, njll. Ukuhlola okungamiselwe migomo kwenziwa kube sobala ngangokuba uthisha uyakwazi ukumisa abafundi maphakathi nokuhlolwa axoxe nabo ebhekise enqubekeleni phambili yokufunda kwabo. Ukuhlola okungamiselwe migomo kumele kusetshenziswe ukubonisa abafundi indlela abenze ngayo nokwazisa indlela ukufundisa okumele kuhlelwe ngayo, kodwa akuphoqelekile ukuba kurekhodwe. Kumele kungahlukaniswa nemisebenzi yokufunda eyenzeka ekilasini. Abafundi kumbe othisha bangawamaka la mathaski okuhlola. Ukuzihlola nokuhlolana kontanga kwenza abafundi bazibandakanye ekuhloleni. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba kwenza abafundi bafunde babuye bazibheke bona ukusebenza kwabo. Ukuhlola okungamiselwe migomo kwansukuzonke akuphoqelekile ukuthi kurekhodwe ngaphandle uma uthisha ezithandela yena. Imiphumela etholakala ekuhlolweni okungamiselwe migomo kwansukuzonke akumele kusetshenziswe ekubhekeni ukuthi umfundi uyadlulela yini ebangeni elilandelayo nangenhloso yokukhipha izitifiketi.
74 | P a g e
4.3 UKUHLOLA OKUMISELWE IMIGOMO Wonke amathaski okuhlola enza uhlelo lokuhlola olumiselwe imigomo ngonyaka athathwa njengokuhlola okumiselwe imigomo. Amathaski okuhlola amiselwe imigomo amakwa othisha bawarekhode ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umfundi uyaqhubekela yini ebangeni elilandelayo nokukhipha izitifiketi. Wonke amathaski okuhlolwa amiselwe kumele amodareythwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubasezingeni nanokuthi akulungele yini ukubhalwa. Ukuhlola okumiselwe imigomo kunikeza uthisha amasu okubheka nokulinganisa ukuthuthuka kwabafundi ebangeni nasesifundweni. Izibonelo zokuhlola okumiselwe imigomo kubala, izivivinyo, ukuhlola, amathaski okwenza, amaprojethi, okwethulwa ngomlomo, ukubonisa, ukulinganisa, njll. Amathaski okuhlola amiselwe imigomo ayingxenye yohlelo lokuhlola lonyaka wonke ebangeni nasesifundweni. Lei thebula elilandelandyo linikeza okudingekayo ekuhlolweni okumiselwe imigomo oLimini lwaseKhaya: Ithebula 1: Ibanga le-10 nele-11
Ukuhlolwa okumiselwe imigomo
Maphakathi konyaka Ukuhlola kokuphela konyaka
25% 75% Ukuhlolwa
kwangaphakathi esikoleni (SBA) –
Amaphepha okuhlolwa okuphela konyaka
25% 62, 5% 12, 5%
• Izizvivinyo ezi-2 • Amathaski ayisi-7 • Ukuhlola
kwamaphakathi nonyaka okukodwa
Ukuhlolwa okubhalwayo Iphepha -1(amahora ama-3) –ukufunda nokubukela
Iphepha -2 (amahora -3) -ukubhala
Ukumodereyithwa kwama-orali amathaski
: iphepha lesi-3 Ukulalela Ukukhuluma Amathaski ama-orali enziwa maphakathi nonyaka abalelwa emamakini okuhlolwa kokugcina konyaka.
75 | P a g e
Ithebula lesi-2 : ibanga le-12
Ukuhlolwa okumiselwe imigomo
Maphakathi nonyaka Ukuhlolwa kokuphela konyaka
25% 75% Ukuhlolwa
kwangaphakathi esikoleni (SBA) –
Amaphepha okuhlolwa kokuphela konyaka
25% 62, 5% 12, 5%
• Isivivinyo esi-1 • Amathaski ayi-7 • Ukuhlolwa oku-2
(okwamaphakathi nonyaka kanye nokusingakuhlola)
Ukuhlolwa okubhalwayo Iphepha -1(amahora ama-3) –ukufunda nokubukela
Iphepha -2 (amahora -3) -ukubhala
. Ukumodereyithwa kwama-orali amathaski
: iphepha lesi-3 Ukulalela Ukukhuluma Amathaski enziwa maphakathi nonyaka abalelwa emamakini okuhlolwa kokugcina konyaka.
Izindlela zokuhlola kumele zibhekelele iminyaka kanye nokuthuthuka kwamazinga ngendlela efanele. Ukuhleleka kanye nokwendlaleka kwalokhu kuhlola kumele kukuthinte konke okuqukethwe esifundweni kuxutshwe amathaski anhlobonhlobo ukukwazi ukufeza injongongqangi yesifundo. Ukuhlolwa okumiselwe imigomo kumele kukwazi ukubhekelela amazinga okuhlakanipha kanye nokungenziwa abafundi njengoba kutshengisiwe ngezansi:
76 | P a g e
Ithebula lesi-3
Amazing okuhlakanipha
Umsebenzi Amaphesenti amathaski
okusobala (izinga- 1) Ukulungisa kabusha (izinga - 2)
Imibuzo eqondene ngqo nokutholakala kolwazi olusobala olutholakala emathekisthini: • Gagula izinto / abantu / izindawo / ingxenye yokuphelele … • Yethula amaqiniso / izizathu / amaphuzu / imibono… • Bona isizathu / abantu / imbangela … • Nika uhla lwamaphuzu / amaqiniso / amagama / izizathu … • Ukuchaza indawo / abantu/abalingiswa . • Yamanisa isigameko/isigcawu/ulwazi olutholakala ngokukhula nokwenzeka kwezinto … Imibuzo edinga ukuhlaziya, ukuhlelwa kwemiqondo, noma ukulungisa ulwazi olutholakala emathekisthini ngokukhanyayo. • fingqa amaphuzu abalulekile ngamaphuzu /amasu /… • hlanganisa ndawonye okufanayo / … • nikeza okufanayo /okungumehluko … • nikeza ngokusamfanekiso …
Amazinga - 1 nelesi- 2: 40%
Ukuthombulula (izinga - 3)
Imibuzo edinga umhlolwa akwazi ukubhekisisa ulwazi olwethulwe emathekisthini ngokusebenzisa ulwazi ngqangi lwakhe. • Ukuchaza umbonongqangi … • Qhathanisa imibono/ indlela okubukwa ngayo izinto / izenzeko… • Iyini inhloso yombhali (yomlingiswa) indlela abuka ngayo izinto/ isizathu … • Chaza imbangela / umthelela we … • isenzeko/ ukuphawula/indlela abuka ngayo izinto kumveza kanjani umlandi / umbhali /umlingiswa … • ngabe isifaniso, isingathekiso, nemifanekisomqondo kunamthelela muni ekuqondeni … • ucabanga ukuthi uzoba njani umphumela/ umthelela, njll yesenzo / yesimo …
Izinga - 3: 40%
77 | P a g e
Ukuhlolisisa (Izinga-l 4) Ukuncoma (izinga - 5)
Le mibuzo imayelana nezinqumo ezithinta ubugugu nokunohlonze. Lokhu kufaka izinqumo mayelana nokuqinisekisa ubukhona bento, ukukholeka, iqiniso nombono, nokukholeka, ukukwazi ukucabanga nokuqonda , ukuphikisana, kanye nezinto ezifana nokuthandeka, nokwamukeleka kwezinqumo nezenzo nokwaziswayo emphakathini :
• Ucabanga ukuthi lokhu okwenzekile kuyakholeka / kungenzeka …? • Umbono ovezwa umbhali ngabe unobuqiniso/ ukucabanga nokuhluzeka/ nomnqamula juqu … • Phawula ngokuhlolisisa ngesenzo/inhloso/imbangela/indlela okubonwa ngayo izinto/ ukuphakamisa/ isiqondiso … • Uyavumelana nombono /isitatimende/ umbono/ukuhumusha • Ngokwakho ukubona, ngabe umbhali/umlandi /umlingiswa ufanele yini ukubeka umbono /ukuphakamisa lokhut … ( sekela impendulo yakho/nikeza isizathu sempendulo yakho.) • ngabe ukuziphatha /ukwenza izinto ngendlela enza ngayo umlingiswa ifanele yini/kwamukelekile kuwena? Nikeza isizathu sempendulo yakho. • Ngabe izenzo zomlingiswa/ indlela enza ngayo izinto/isisusa…kumveza ngokwesimo esamulekile ngokwamagugu? • Xoxa ngokucophelela/phawula ngokwezinqumo zamagugu ezitholakala ethekisthini. Le mibuzo ihlose ukuhlola umthelela wokomqondo nokokuncoma ithekisthi kohlolwayo. kugxilwa kakhulu endleleni aphendula ngayo ebheka ukuphakama komoya ngokuqukethwe, ukukhonjwa kwabalingiswa noma izehlakalo, nendlela aphendula ngayo ekusetshenzisweni kolimi umbhali (njengokukhethwa kwamagama nemifanekisomqondo) • Xoxa ngempendulo yakhouyibekise ethekisthini/isehlakalo/isimo/udweshu/ungqingetshe… • Uyazwelana nomlingiswa? Yikuphi ongakwenza uma ngahle ubhekane nalesi simo? • Phawula ngokusetshenziswa kolimi umbhali … • Xoxa ngokuphumelela kwesitayela sombhali / isingeniso / isiphetho /imifanekisomqondo /isifaniso / ukusetshenziswa kwamasu obunkondlo /amasu emibhalo …
Izinga - 4 nelesi - 5: 20%
78 | P a g e
4.4 UHLELO LOKUHLOLA
Uhlelo lokuhlola lwakhelwe ukucaza amathaski amiselwe imigomo ukuhlola kuzo zonke izifundo ethemini yonke :
4.4.1 Leli thebula elilandelayo libukisa ngeso elibanzi izidingo zohlelo lokuhlola ethemini ngayinye oLimini
lwaseKhaya: Ithebula - 4.1 Ibanga le- 10 nele- 11
Uhlelo lokuhlola Ukuhlola kwangaphakathi esikoleni ngokwethemu
Ithemu -1: Isivivinyo esisodwa +Amathaski ama-3
Ithemu yesi -2: Ithaski eyodwa + Ukuhlolwa kwamaphakathi konyaka okuqukethe: amaphepha amabili: Iphepha -1 ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha -2 ukubhala
Ithemu yesi - 3: Isivivnyo esisodwa + Amathaski ama-2
Term 4: Ukuhlolwa kokuphela konyaka kwangaphakathi okuxube lokhu : Amaphepha amabili Iphepha loku-1 ikufunda nokubukela Iphepha lesi- 2 ukubhala + iphepha lesi-3 ama-orali Kanye Ithaski eyodwa
Amamaki ethemu (amathemu 1-4): • Ethemini ngayinye, ufaka amamaki njengoba enjalo bese uwaguqulela emaphesentini ukuze
kutholakale amamaki ethemu. Amamaki okudluliselwa kwabafundi ebangeni elilandelayo :
• Hlanganisa amamaki enjengoba enjalo kanye nesamba samamaki amathaski emathemini omane bese uwaguqulela emaphesentini angama-25 (25%)
• Guqula iphepha lokuqala libe ngamaphesenti angama – 32, 5(%) • Guqula iphepha lesi-2 libe ngamaphesenti angama -30(%) • Guqula amamaki ama-orali (iphepha lesi – 3) abe ngamaphesenti ayi – 12, 5 (%)
79 | P a g e
Ithebula le-4.2 ibanga le-10 kuya kwele-11 Uhlelo lokuhlola Ithemu yokuqala
Ithemu- 1 Ithemu -2 Ithemu -3 Ithemu -4 *ama-orali: isifundo sokulalela ngokuqondisisa
* Ukubhala: indaba elandisayo / echazayo /edaza inkani(ibanga le-10) Ukubhala : indaba ebuyisa osekwadlula / eningayo /edaza inkani (ibanga le-11)
Ukubhala :imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo; Incwadi yobungani /yomsebenzi(edlulisa izikhalazo/eyokucela umsebenzi/eyokukhononda / eyokubonga) uhla lokuzazisa/ umlando ngomufi/i-ajenda kanye namaminithi omhlangano/indatshana yephephabhuku/indatshana yephephandaba/inkulumo /inkulumompendulwano/ i-inthavyu(inhlolokhono)
Isivivinyo sokuqala : isifundo sokuqondisisa, ukufingqa, ukusetshenziswa kolimi Noma Imibhalo :umbuzo omfushane / umbuzo omude
Ithemu yesi-2 Ithaski -5 Ithaski -6
**ama-orali : Inkulumo elungiselwe / engalungiselwe
Ukuhlolwa kwesigamu sonyaka Iphepha -1 ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha lesi-2 ukubhala
Ithemu yesi-3 Ithaski -7 Ithaski – 8 Ithaski – 9
Umbhalo : i-eseyi ehluza umbhalo ofundiwe
Ama-orali : inkulumo elungiselelwe / engalungiselelwe
Isivivinyo sokuqala :isifundo sokuqondisisa, ukufingqa, ukusetshenziswa kolimi Noma Imibhalo :umbuzo omfushane / i-eseyi ehluza umbhalo ofundiwe
Ithemu ye-4
Ithaski ye-10 Ithaski ye-11
*ama-orali :inkulumo elungiselelwe – ukwethula isikhulumi sosuku / amazwi okubonga ( ibanga le-10) Ama-orali : inkulumo elungiselelwe – umbiko / isibuyekezo ( ibanga le-11)
Ukuhlolwa kokuphela konyaka : Iphepha loku-1 ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha lesi – 2 Ukubhala Iphepha lesi -3 ama-orali
80 | P a g e
Ithebula lesi- 4.3 : ibanga le -12
Uhlelo lokuhlola Ukuhlola okuqhamuka ngaphandle Ukuhlola kwangaphakathi esikoleni ngokwethemu
Ithemu -1: Isivivinyo - 1 + Amathaski - 4
Ithemu -2: Amathaski - 2 + Ukuhlolwa kwesigamu sonyaka Iphepha -1 ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha lesi-2 ukkubhala
Ithemu yesi-3: Ukusingakuhlola – Iphepha – 1 ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha – 2 ukubhala + Isivivinyo Kanye Ithaski -1
Ithemu ye-4: Ukuhlolwa kokuphela konyaka : Iphepha loku-1 ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha lesi – 2 Ukubhala + Iphepha lesi -3 ama-orali
Amamaki ethemu ( ithemu 1 -3): • Ethemini ngayinye, ufaka amamaki njengoba enjalo bese uwaguqulela emaphesentini ukuze
kutholakale amamaki ethemu yonke. Ukuhlola okwewnzelwa esikoleni :
• Hlanganisa amamaki enjengoba enjalo kanye nesamba samamaki amathaski emathemini omathathubese uwaguqulela emaphesentini angama-25 (25%).
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle
• Guqula iphepha lokuqala libe ngamaphesenti angama – 32, 5(%), • Guqula iphepha lesi-2 libe ngamaphesenti angama -30(%), • Guqula amamaki ama-orali (iphepha lesi – 3) abe ngamaphesenti ayi – 12, 5 (%).
81 | P a g e
Ithebula – 4.4 : ibanga le-12
Uhlelo lokuhlola
Ithemu -1
Ithaski -1 Ithaski - 2 Ithaski - 3 Ithaski -4 Ithaski - 5
* ama-orali: Isifundo sokulalela ngokuqondisisa
Ukubhala : indaba elandisayo / echazayo / eningayo / ebuyisa osekwadlula / edaza inkani
Ukubhala : imibhalo edlulisa imiyalezo : Incwadi yobungani /eyomsebenzi(eyokucela/ eyokukhalaza/eyukufaka isicelo somsebenzi/) ikharikhulamui vithaye kanye nencwadi ephelezelayo/umlando ngomufi/i-ajenda kanye namaminithi omhlangano/umbiko/isibuyekezo/ indatshana yephephandaba/indatshana yephephabhuku/inkulumo /inkulumompendulwano/ inhlolokhono
Ama-orali : inkulumo elungiselelwe / engalungiselwe
Isivivinyo sokuqala :isifundo sokuqondisisa, ukufingqa, ukusetshenziswa kolimi Noma Imibhalo:umbuzo omfushane / i-eseyi ehluza umbhalo ofundiwe
Ithemu -2 Ithaski -6 Ithaski -7 Ithaski – 8 I-eseyi ehluza umbhalo ofundiwe
* Ama-orali : inkulumo elungiselelwe / engalungiselelwe
Ukuhlolwa kwamaphakathi noonyaka Iphepha -1 ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha lesi-2 ukubhala
Ithemu – 3 Ithaski-9 Ithaski- 10
ama-orali :inkulumo elungiselelwe – ukwethula isikhulumi sosuku / amazwi okubonga
Usingakuhlola Iphepha -1 ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha lesi-2 ukubhala
Qaphela : Isivivinyo esitholakala ohlelweni lokuhlola akumele sakhiwe izivivinywana ezincane . Isivivinyo ngasinye kumele sifake inani lomsebenzi owanele kanti kumele iphepha libeyimizuzu engama-45 kuya kwengama-60 ngalinye kanye nobhekelela amazinga okuhlakanipha abekelwe amaphepha okuhlolwa.
82 | P a g e
4.4.2 Ukuhlolwa Ukuhlelwa kwamaphepha okuhlolwa: (iphepha- 1 nelesi-2) Ubhalomagama ohlukanisayo luhlanganisa lezi zilimi ezilandelayo: isiBhunu, isiNgisi, isiSuthu, isiTswana, isiVenda nesiTshonga. Ubhalomagama oluhlanganisayo luhlanganisa lezi ziLimi ezilandelayo: isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu nesiSwati. IPHEPHA ISIGABA AMAMAKI ISIKHAT
HI
1. uk
ufun
da n
okub
ukela
A: Isifundo sokuqondisisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi
( izinhlobonhlobo zemibhalo zingasetshenziswa kuhlanganisa ebukwayo noma neyimidwebo)
• Izakhiwo zolimi (amagama kanye nemisho) kumele zihlolwe nagokwezimo ezithile
• Hlolisisa indlela ulimi olusetshenziswa ngayo • Abafundi kumele bakhombe futhi bachaze amandla, la masu
anjengokusetshenziswa kwefonti, ubukhulu bamagama, izihloko kanye nezihlokwana ezichazayo, njll.
40 130 Amahora ama-3
Amabanga – 10
kuya kwele-
12
B: ukufingqa:imibhalo enobhalomagama oluhlukanisayo (ibanga le-10: amagama angama -70 kuya kwangama – 80, ibanga – 11: amagama angama- 80 kuya kwangama - 90, ibanga le-12: amagama angama- 80 kuya kwangama--90) imibhalo enobhalomagama oluhlanganisayo (ibanga le -10:amagama angama-60 kuya kwangama– 70, ibanga le 11: amagama angama- 70 kuya kwangama-80, ibanga le- 12: amagama angama- 70 kuya kwangama-80 ) :
Isiqephu asingaphumi embhalweni wokuqondisisa.
Ubude bemibhalo:
10
amabanga
Ubhalo magama oluhlukanisayo
Ubhalomagama oluhlanganisayo
10 Amagama angama-280
Amagama angama- 220
11 Amagama angama-320
Amagama angama-250
12 Amagama angama-350
Amagama angama -270
83 | P a g e
C. Imibhalo C1: izinkondlo - ebonwayo (imibuzo emifushane ebhekiswe engqikithini / imibuzo emide eyindaba esuselwa ezinkondlweni ezine ezibonwayo(okumele abafundi baphendule emibili kuphela yayo kanye neyodwa engabonwayo (umbuzo oomfushane obhekiswe engqikithini) (ebonwayo =20; engabonwa =10) Ubude ngemibuzo emide:
30
amaba
nga Ubhalo magama oluhlukanisayo Ubhalomagama
oluhlanganisayo
10 Amagama angama-150 kuya kwangama – 200
Amagama angama-90 kuya kwangama – 140
11 Amagama angama-200 kuya kwangama – 250
Amagama angama-140 kuya kwangama – 190
12 Amagama angama-250 kuya kwangama – 300
Amagama angama-190 kuya kwangama – 240
Kuhlolwa lokhu okulandelayo emibuzweni emide yenkondlo:
• Okuqukethwe (ukuhunyushwa kwesihloko, ukujula, ukuzisekela kanye nokuqonda inkondlo (60%)
• Ulimi (isakhiwo, ukuhleleka kanye nokwethula, ulimi, iphimbo kanye nesitayela (40%)
C2: inoveli / ubuciko bomlmo- umbuzo omude noma omfishane othinta ingqikithi Hlola lokhu okulandelayo emibuzweni emide:
• Okuqukethwe (ukuhunyushwa kwesihloko, ukujula, ukuzisekela kanye nokuqonda inkondlo (60%)
• Ulimi (isakhiwo, ukuhleleka kanye nokwethula, ulimi, iphimbo knaye nesitayela (40%)
25
C3: Umdlalo – umbuzo omude noma umbuzo omfushane othinta ingqikithi QAPHELA : abafundi kumele baphendule UMBUZO OWODWA OMUDE kanye NOWODWA OMFISHANE OTHINTA INGQIKITHI esigabeni C2 noma isigaba C3 Ubude bombuzo omude:
25
amabanga Ubhalomagama oluhlukanisayo
Ubhalomagama oluhlanganisayo
84 | P a g e
10 Amagama angama-300 kuya kwangama – 350
Amagama angam-240 kuya kwangama – 290
11 Amagama angama-350 kuya kwangama – 400
290 – 340 words
12 Amagama angama-400 kuya kwangama – 450
Amagama angama-340 kuya kwangama – 390
Kuhlolwa lokhu okulandelayo emibuzweni emide :
• Okuqukethwe (ukuhunyushwa kwesihloko, ukujula, ukuzisekela kanye nokuqonda inkondlo (60%)
• Ulimi (isakhiwo, ukuhleleka kanye nokwethula, ulimi, iphimbo kanye nesitayela (40%)
IPHEPHA ISIGABA AMAMAKI ISIKAHTHI
2. Uk
ubha
la
A: I- eseyi eyodwa Indaba elandisayo / indaba edaza inkani / indaba echazayo / indaba ebuyisa osekwadlula / indaba eningayo / indaba eqhathanisayo Ubude be-eseyi:
60
120 3 hours
Amabanga Ubhalo magama oluhlukanisayo
Ubhalomagama oluhlanganisayo
10 Amagama angama-300 kuya kwangama – 350
Amagama angama- 240 kuya kwangama – 290
11 Amagama angama- 350 kuya kwangama – 400
Amagama angama- 290 kuya kwangama – 340
12 Amagama angama- 400 kuya kwangama – 450
Amagama angama – 340 kuya kwangama – 390
Hlola lokhu okulandelayo: • Okuqukethwe kanye nohlaka (60%)
• Ulimi, isitayela kanye nokulungisa amaphutha (30%)
• isakhiwo (10%)
85 | P a g e
B:Amathekisthi – imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo: Ukubhala : imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Incwadi yobungani /eyomsebenzi(eyokucela/ Eyokukhalaza/eyukufaka isicelo somsebenzi/)ikharikhulamuu vithaye kanye nencwadi ephelekezelayo/umlando ngomufi/i-ajenda kanye namaminithi omhlangano/umbiko/isibuyekezo/ indatshana yephephandaba/indatshana yephephabhuku/inkulumo /inkulumompendulwano/inhlolokhono Ukubhala : imibhalo edlulisa umyalezo : Incwadi yobungani /eyomsebenzi(eyokucela/ Eyokukhalaza/eyokufaka isicelo somsebenzi/)ikharikhulamuu vithaye kanye nencwadi ecacisayo/umlando ngomufi/i-ajenda kanye namaminithi omhlangano/umbiko/isibuyekezo/ indatshana yephephandaba/indatshana yephephabhuku/inkulumo /inkulumompendulwano/inhlolokhono UBUDE BEMIBHALO
60 (2 X 30)
amabanga Ubhalo magama oluhlukanisayo
Ubhalomagama oluhlanganisayo
10 - 12 Amagama angama-180 kuya kwangama – 200 – okuqukethwe kuphela
Amagama angama- 100 kuya kumagama angama – 120 – okuqukethwe kuphela
Hlola lokhu okulandelayo :
• Okuqukethwe, uhlaka , kanye nesakhiwo (60%) • Ulimi , isitayela kanye nokulungisa amaphuth (40%)
Okuqukethwe okumele kufundisiwe Ukuhlola kuthinta okuqukethwe okumele kufundisiwe ngokukasomqulu. Ngenxa yokukhula kwemibono ngokuqukethwe kuwo wonke amabanga, okuqukethwe kanye namakhono kusuka ebangeni le-10 kuya kwele-12 kuzohlolwa kusetshenziswa amaphepha avela ngaphandle.
Amathaski okuhlolwa kwama – orali : iphepha lesi -3 Amathaski okuhlolwa kwama‐orali okwenzeka maphakathi nonyaka akha ukuhlolwa kwebanga le‐12 okuqhamuka ngaphandle. La mamaki aba imiklomelo engama ‐50 esambeni sama – 300 ekuhlolweni kokuphela konyaka. Imininingwane ephelele ngamathaski ama‐ orali enziwa maphakathi nonyaka yile elandelayo : IPHEPHA
-4 IMINININGWANE AMAMAKI
86 | P a g e
Ama-
orali
Ukulungiselelwa kokuhlola kanye nokuhlola ama-orali kwenzeka ngaphakathi esikoleni kanti ukumofaretha kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesikole. • Ukukhuluma:
Ukukhuluma okulungiselwe Hlola : Amakhono okucwaninga, uhlaka nokuhlela okuqukethwe, iphimbo, ukukhuluma, kanye nekhono lokwethula, hlolisisa indlela ulimi olusebenziswe ngayo, ukukhetha, ukuklama izinsiza kukhuluma kanye nezinsiza kukhuluma nokubonwa
2X10
20
50
• Inkulumo engalungiselelwe • Hlola : Amakhono okucwaninga, uhlaka nokuhlela
okuqukethwe, iphimbo, ukukhuluma, kanye nekhono lokwethula, hlolisisa indlela ulimi olusebenziswe ngayo
15
• Ukulalela Hlola : lalelisisa kahle isifundo sokuqondisisa, ulwazi kanye nokulinganisa
15
15
4.5 UKUQOPHA KANYE NOKUBIKA
Ukuqopha kuyinqubo lapho uthisha egcina khona indlela abafundi besebenze ngayo emathaskini ebehlolwa kuwo. Iveza ukuphumelela kwabafundi ekuzuzeni ulwazi njengalokhu kubekiwe esiTatimendeni seNqubomgomo yoHlelo nokuHlola. Amarekhodi okusebenza kwabafundi anikeza ubufakazi bokukhula komqondo wabafundi ebangeni nokuveza ukuthi usekulungele ukukhushulelwa ebangeni elilandelayo. Amarekhodi okusebenza kwabafundi kumele abuye asetshenziswe ukuqinisekisa inqubekela-phambili eseyenziwe uthisha kanye nabafundi ekufundeni nasekufundiseni
Ukubika kuyinqubo yokuxoxa ngokusebenza kwabafundi kubabazali, esikoleni kanye nabanye abambandakanyekayo kwezemfundo. Ukusebenza kwabafundi kungabikwa ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Lokhu kumbandakanya amaripoti, umhlangano wabazali, izinsuku zokuzobona imisebenzi yabafundi esikoleni, ukuxoxisana kukathisha nomzali, ukushaya izingcingo, ukubhalelana izincwadi, inyuziletha yekilasi noma yesikole, njll. Othisha bawo wonke amabanga babika besebenzisa uhlelo lwamaphesenti ngokwezifundo zabo. Amazinga okuphumelela anhlobonhlobo kanye namaphesenti ahambisana nawo atshengisiwe kuleli thebula elingezansi:
87 | P a g e
AMAKHODI AMAPHESENTI OKUREKHODA NOKUBIKA
AMAKHODI INCAZELO ZAMAKHONO AMAMAKI NGAMAPHESENTI
7 Impumelelo ngamalengiso 80 – 100 6 Impumelelo eseqophelweni eliphezulu
kakhulu 70 – 79
5 Impumelelo eseqopheleni eliphezulu 60 – 69 4 Impumelelo ngokwanelisayo 50 – 59 3 Impumelelo ngokufanele 40 – 49 2 Impumelelo ngokuyingxenye 30 – 39 1 Impumeleo ngokungenele 00 - 29
Othisha bazorekhoda uqobo lwamamaki maqondana namathaski, ngokusebenzisa iphepha lokurekhoda nokubika amaphesenti amamaki esifundweni ngasinye eripotini lomfundi.
4.6 UKUMODAREYTHA UKUHLOLA
Ukumodaretha kuyinqubo eqinisekisa ukuthi amathaski okuhlola alungile, anobuqiniso, athembekile. Ukumodaretha kumele kwenziwe ezikoleni, kuziyingi, kuzifundzwe kanye nakuzwelonke. Ukumodaretha ngokugcwele nangokufanele kumele kwenziwe ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ekuhlolweni kwezifundo zonke.
4.6.1 ukuhlola okumiselwe imigomo kwasesikoleni (SBA)
• Izivivinyo kanye nokuhlola kwebanga le-10 nele-11 kumodareythwa ngaphakathi. uMeluleki wesifundo kuzomele amodareythe isampula lamathaski uma evakashela esikoleni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amathaski abhalwe abafundi asezingeni nokuthi kumodarethiwe yini ngaphakathi esikoleni.
• Izivivinyo kanye nokuhlola kwebanga le-12 kumele kumodareythwe ezingeni lesiFundazwe. Lolu hlelo kumele lwenganyelwe uMnyango wezeMfundo wesiFundazwe.
• AbeLuleki kumele bamodareythe isampula yamaphepha ezivivinyo nokuhlola ngaphambi kokuba abhalwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi asezingeni elifanele kanye nokulekelela othisha ekuhlelweni kwamathaski azobhalwa abafundi.
4.6.2 amathaski okuhlolwa kwama-orali
• Ibanga le-10 nele-11: Wonke amathaski ama-orali ayingxenye yohlelo lokuhlola kumele anikezwe iNhloko yoMnyango ukuze amodareythwe ngaphambi kokuba abhalwe ngabafundi. Othisha bayawahlola amathaski ama-orali ebangeni le-10 nele-11. UMeluleki kumele amodaretythe isampula lamathaski okuhlola lama-orali uma evakashele izikole ukuqinisekisa amathaski ukuthi asezingeni futhi kumodarethiwe ngaphakathi esikoleni.
• Ibanga le-12: • Amathaski ama-orali kumele alungiswe abuye ahlolwe ngaphakathi kepha abesemodareythwa
ngaphandle. Wonke amathaski ama-orali ayingxenye yohlelo lokuhlola kumele anikezwe iNhloko
88 | P a g e
yoMnyango ukuze amodarethwe ngaphambi kokuba abhalwe ngabafundi. Othisha bayawahlola amathaski ama-orali. UMeluleki kumele amodareythe isampula lamathaski okuhlola lama-orali uma evakashele izikole ukuqinisekisa amathaski ukuthi asezingeni futhi kumodareythiwe ngaphakathi esikoleni. Isikole ngasinye kumele silethe abafundi abazomela isikole uma sekuzokwenziwa isiqinisekiso sokuthi ukusebenza kwabafundi kuma-orali kusezingeni elifanele yini.
4.7 EZINGXUBE / OKUJWAYELEKILE
Lo mqulu kumele ufundwe umbandakanywa nale eminye imiqulu elandelayo:
4.7.1 [National Protocol of Assessment] An addendum to the policy document, the National Senior Certificate: A qualification at Level 4 on the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), regarding the National Protocol for Assessment (Grades R – 12) 4.7.2 Izidingo zokuDluliselwa kanye nokuQhubekela ebangeni elilandelayo ibanga loku-1 kuya kwele-12 [Progression and Promotion Requirements Grades 1-12].
4.7.3 UMhlahlandlela wokuHlola waminyaka yonke wezifundo [Subject specific exam guidelines issued annually ]
4.7.4 National Protocol for Assessment Grades R-12.
89 | P a g e
IGLOSARI
i- akhronimi / igamamfingqwa – igama eliphimisekayo elakhiwa ngokusebenzisa uhlamvu/ izinhlamvu zokuqala zelelo gama noma lowo mushwana (e.g. uTHAFUZWE ).
ulimi lokwengeza – ( bheka nolimi lwasekhaya) – ulimi olufundwayo kwengezwa kolwasekhaya lomfundi.
ubuliminingi obengezayo – nxa umuntu efunda ulimi (noma izilimi) ukwengeza olimini lwakhe lwasekhaya. Lolu limi aluthathi isikhundla solimi lwasekhaya kodwa lufundwa kanye nalo. Ohlelweni lokufunda ubuliminingi obengeziwe, uLimi lwasEkhayauLimi lwasEkhayaliyaqiniswa lugcinwe, ngenkathi olunye ulimi olofundwayo luthathwa njengolimi olwengezwayo nje (isib. Zonke izilimi ezengeziwe , kumbandakanya uLimi lokuFunda nokuFundisa, zifundiswa zihambisana noLimi lwasEkhaya, kodwa azithathi isikhundla salo. Ukwazisa ubuhle bolimi. 1. Ukuthinteke ngobuhle bolimi okuholela ekuthintekeni nokuthi kuthokozelwe amagugu asemathekisthini. 2. ukwazisa ubuhle bolimi kusho ubuhle obutholakala emathekisthini. Kungaxoxiswana ngobuhle bomsebenzi obhaliwe kuze kuthathwe nezinqumo ngawo. ifanangwaqa – lisho ukuphinda ongwaqa abafanayo emgqeni ukuze kuvele isigqi (Isib. Zwilileka ngizwe lobuzwilili)
Umqondo odidayo– umqondo ombaxa odalwa yindlela okusetshenziswe ngayo amagama, ngokuthi asetshenziswe budedengu, ukuxoveka kanjena kwamagama kulahla umqondo. Isifanekiso - 1. ukuthola ukufana ezintweni ezibukeka zihlukile. 2. ukuthola ukufana ezintweni ezibukeka zihlukile, indlela yokuchaza okuthile, kodwa akusibona ubufakazi. Qaphela isifanekiso okungesona. Kumele kube nokuqondana okucacile phakathi kwento echazwayo kanye nemininingwane yaleyo okufanekiswa nayo. I - anekhdothi – lokhu yindatshana ngesehlakalo esake senzeka empilweni yokhulumayo, exoxwa kuphela ngenhloso yokucacisa okuthile noma-ke ukujabulisa, ukuhlekisa noma ukuqgamisa umlingiswa othile. Ukuvusa – isu lokusebenzisa uhide lwezithombe ezimile ukwakha into endekho kube sengathi ikhona.
upholavuthondaba – uma obekulindelwe, okubalulekile obekumele kwenzeke, kungazange kusenzeka noma ukubaluleka kwesakhiwo sombhalo kuvele kwalahleke nje ngenxa yokuphazamiseka okudalwe yihlaya elithile, noma ukuphambuka nje okungabalulekile. Abanye bathi ibohlololo, ukwehla komfutho wendaba.
ukuhlanekezela – inkulumo eqhathanisa izinto ezimbili ezingafani neziqhelelene
amagama aphikisanayo- yigama eliphikisa elinye kulolo limi ( isib. khala –hleka)
90 | P a g e
ukufaneleka – ulimi lusuke lufanelekile uma lusetshenziswe ngendlela ehambisana nesimo leso okukhulunywa ngaso.( isib. uma sibingelela umuntu omdala wesilisa sithi “sawubona baba” Angeke sithi “Hheshe!” ukuhlola – indlela ehlelekile neqhubekayo yokuthola ulwazi ngamakhono omfundi okwenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene. ifanankamisa – 1. lisho ukuphinda (ngokuvamile ), umsindo wonkamisa abafanayo emagameni amabili noma ngaphezulu (Isib. Yashosholoza intinginono ewumcondo). izethameli – 1. umfundi, umlaleli, umbukeli oqondiwe wamathekisthi athize, lapho kwenziwa uhlaka lwesiqeshana esilotshwayo izikhulumi / abalobi kumele bacabange ngenhloso nezethameli lapho bekhetha uhlobo lokubhalwayo. 2. empeleni izethameli yilabo bantu abeze ukuzobukela umdlalo noma umculo. amathekisthi ayiqiniso – amathekisthi akwaziyo ukuhambisana nempilo ephilwayo, nokwenzeka kwezinto. ( isib. amaphephabhuku, ama-athikili, amaphephandaba, okuqoshiwe emsakazweni nakumabonakud, izikhangiso, amalebuli emikhiqizo, amabhrosha okuvakasha, amafomu akwahulumeni, izibonelo zezincwadi zangempela). ukuchema – 1. umkhuba wokuthanda into noma umbono ngaphezu komunye, lokho bese kuholela ekuthini umuntu angabe esakwazi ukuthatha isahlulelo esifanele.
2. Uma kudlalwa umdlalo wezingane wokuqagela ukuthi into efunjethwe ingakusiphi isandla, bese umlahla oqagelayo ngokwenza sengathi uyifumbathela kwesinye isandla kanti wenzela ukuthi ehluleke ukuqagela .
isihloko esichaza indaba – lesi yisihloko noma ukuphawula esinanyekwe ngenhla noma ngezansi kwe-athikili, kwesithombe njll. Umfanekiso ogqamisa isimo esithile somuntu- yindlela enehaba yokuveza umlingiswa ( kungaba okubhaliwe noma okubukwayo), okuzuzwa ngokumlingisa umlingiswa noma ukubukeka kwakhe. 2. Imidwebo yomdwebi emaphephandabeni ivame ukuthatha lesi simo ngokwenza umfanekiso womlingiswa ube yihaba ukuze kuhlekwe noma avele ngendlela emthunazayo nesambhinqo. Isisusa- (bheka nomphumela)- yilokho okudala udweshu nesimo
isu lokusebenzisa umshini wokubonisa imifanakiso yebhayisikobho- yicebo elisetshenziswa ekhwakheni ifilimu (isib. ukuhlanganisa, izibani, izinhobo nezindlela zokuthwebula) ukucacisa – ukwenza ukuthi umqondo wethekisthi uzwakale kofundayo umushwana – isibonelo “ indoda eyayigqoke ihembe elibomvu yabaleka.” Umushwana oyinhloko – “indoda yabaleka” Amagama athi “ eyayigqoke ihembe elibomvu”, umushwana okhonzile. Awukwazi ukuzimela wodwa nanxa sikhona isenzo kuwona. Imishwana ekhonzile iqala ngesihlanganiso( uma
91 | P a g e
kuwumushwana okhonzile omele isizathu). Eminye imishwana ekhonzile iqala ngezivumelwano zesichasiso; isib. (e.) “eyayigqoke… ” ( u “ e. ” isiv. sesibaluli). Isihlanganiso sihlanganisa umushwana nomusho, siphinde sihlanganise imisho emibili ephelele.
uvuthondaba – izinga lapho indaba ingasakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuphakama, isuke isifike esiqongweni sesilindele ukuthi inkinga isombuluke. Leli zinga lesakhiwo kuyenzeka lingabi sekugcineni kwendaba. .
Ukuzwakala- 1. ikhono lokwazi ukuqonda nokweneka ngohlelo izindaba, yikho okwenza ubudlelwano obuhlanganisa kahle imibono ukuze isigaba sinikeze umqondo ozwakalayo nobumbene. 2. Kungabuye kusho ukuba nolwazi olwenele lohlelo, ukuze kwedluliswe kahle umlayezo, noma-ke isakhiwo esihle somusho. Uma uhlelo luxovekile, umusho awuzwakali kahle. ukulandelana – ukuhlanganiswa kwemisho ngezihlanganiso, izabizwana nokuphindaphinda. ulimi lwendawo ( isidolobha ) – ulimi olusetshenziswa ngabantu nje ezingxoxweni ezithile, kodwa olungasetshenziswa njengolimi olusemthethweni.
ukwehlukanisa – ukuthola umahluko okhona phakathi kwezinto
fanisa (bheka no- qhathanisa) - ukubheka lokho okwenza ukuthi izinto zifane
udweshu – ukungqubuzana noma ukwehluka kwemibono yabalingiswa endabeni kanye nezimo zabo; udweshu emibhalweni lungabangwa nawukungqubuzana kwezifiso noma lokho umuntu akwazisayo noma akukhonzile.
isihlanganiso – igama elisetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa imisho (Isib. UNoxolo ungumdlali ovelele esikoleni futhi uzimisele nasezifundweni zakhe)
izimo- ngaso sonke isikhathi, ithekisthi ibhalwa isetshenziswe ezimweni ezithile, isimo simbandakanya indawo eyendlalekile kanye neqoqekile, kuhambisana nezimo zasekuhlaleni, isikompilo kanye nezepolitiki, isimo singabuye sisho lokhu okuza kuqala noma ngemuva kwegama noma kwethekisthi. umkhondo - simo ; ukusetshenziswa kwegama elincike kulelo elingaziwa ukuze kufuniselwe umqondo. Leli lisu lokufunda lingasetshenziswa kanye nesifundo solwazimagama.
ukufanisa ( bheka nokuqhathanisa) – ukubheka indlela izinto ezehluke ngayo izimiso – imithetho nemikhuba eyamukelekile olimini. Ezinye izmiso ziyasiza ukwedlulisa umlayezo ( isib. imithetho yohlelo, izimpawu zokukhuluma, uhlobo oluthile lokubhala izinhlamvu nosonhlamvukazi.); ezinye zisiza ekwethuleni okuphethwe (isib. okuqukethwe, ismo sombhalo, izihloko, izenezelo, amashadi, izihloko ezichaza indaba, izinhlu, izithombe nezinomba; ezinye izimiso zikhombisa amaphethini olimi asaphunduka umthetho okumele ulandelwe (isib. ukubingelela nokunye).
92 | P a g e
ukuhlola okuqhubekayo – ukuhlola imisebenzi yabafundi okwenziwa kusukela unyaka uqala uze uyophela.
ukuqaphela ngokuhlolisisa indlela ulimi olusebenza ngayo- ukuhlolisisa ukuthi umqondo wakhiwa kanjani, ukukhumbula amandla obudlelwano obukhona phakathi kwezilimi, kwenza umfundi aqine angavumi ukukhohliseka, futhi asebenzise ulimi ngokuqaphela. inkulumompikiswano – lapha amaqembu amabili ayaqophisana. Bonke bahlose ukuheha abehlulelayo kanye nezethameli ukuthi icala labo yilo elizwakala kangcono kunalelo lelinye iqembu incazelo eqondile (bheka negudliselayo)- incazelo yegama ngokulandelana kwamazwi, kodwa kube kungaqondiwe lawo magama ngempela. igama elisuselwe kwelinye – leli yigama elisuselwe kwelinye , noma emsukeni; ngokwejwayelekile lakhiwa ngokuphongoza nangokujobelela izakhi
ulimi lwesifunda / lwesigodi- ulimi olusetshenziswa ngumphakathi othile, luyehluka kwezinye izinhlobo zalo lona lolo limi ngokwamagama, isakhiwo nokuphinyiswa kwamagama.
umbhinqo osusa usinga – lokhu kwenzeka uma izethameli/ ofundayo/ obukele azi ngaphezu kwabadlali ngesimo nokuzolandela, okushubisa umoya kujabulise nezethameli, zize zibe yingxenye yokwenzekayo. isakhiwo esisusa usinga- 1. indlela elandela izwi nezwi okubhalwa ngayo imidlalo. 2. ukuhleleka kwesakhiwo izigcawu nezinkundla, abadlali kanye nezimpawu zolimi emdlalweni
ukucabangela; ukusebenzisa umkhondo obhaliwe noma obukwayo ukuthola lokho okungagagulwanga embhalweni. ukulungisa amaphutha- inqubo yokuphindaphinda ubhala uhlaka lwethekisthi, kuhlangene nokulungisa ukusetshenziswa kolimi, izimpawu zokubhala, ukulungisa isipelingi, ubuye ubheke nokubhala imibono ngendlela ezwakalayo nesakhiwo silandelane kahle; kwezokuxhumana, ukulungisa amaphutha kumbandakanya ukwakha ekhethe kanye nesimo nje sonke sethekisthi.
umphumela ( bheka isisusa) – umphumela wesehlakalo noma isimo ulimi oluthinta imizwa – ulimi oluvusa imizwa kolalele / kofundayo.
isihlonipho – igama elisetshenziswa endaweni yelinye elihlambalazayo. (Isib. Ukudakwa - ukusutha, ukuhlanza - ukubuyisa)
umlayezo osobala – ( uma uqhathaniswa nocashile)- umlayezo oqondile nosobala.
93 | P a g e
ukuhlola kwangaphandle – ukuhlola okwenziwa ngabantu okungebona abaleso sikole. Ngokuvamile kuba amaphepha avela emNyangweni WezemFundo
hluza: nikeza uvo lwakho, thatha isinqumo, yakha imibono ngokufundile.
izifengqo (njengoba kuqhathaniswa nolimi olubheka ukulandelana nje kwamagama) – amagama noma imishwana esetshenziswa ngendlela engabeki izinto obala ( isib. isifaniso, isenzasamuntu, isingathekiso etc.) ukugeleza – 1. leli yigama elathathelwa ekugelezeni komfula elisho ukunamathelana nokulandelana okunikeza ulimi ubunjalo balo ngokwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa nokuhunyushwa kwalo kalula. 2. ifonti – uhlobo nobungako bezinhlamvu ezisetshenziswa lapho kubhalwa ngomshini ( isib. i12pt (ubungako) iTimes New Roman (uhlobo nesitayela sezinhlamvu).
indawo engaphambili ( uma iqhathaniswa nesendlalelo) – ngokulandela izwi nezwi elibhaliwe, kusho ukuma kwento ukusondeza into ethwetshulwayo eduze, kanti empeleni kushiwo ukugcizelela ukuvezwa kakhulu kwengxenye ethile ukwedlula ezinye izingxenye
inkundla – iqembu lingakhuluma noma liqophisane nelinye lakwesinye isikole, noma ekilasini, ngokwehlukanisa abafundi ngamaqembu amane, kube yilowo nalowo akhulume ngengxenye ethile yesihloko. Owahlulelayo usezobheka ukuthi yiliphi eliphuma phambili. Izinhlobo zemibhalo- imbhalo yehlukaniswa ngezinhlobo zawo; kungaba inoveli, umdlalo, izinkondlo, incwadi yakomkhulu noma incwadi yobunganimathekisthi Ukukhuluma ngezitho zomzimba – kulapho okhulumayo esesebenzisa ubuso noma istho esthile somzimba ukucacisa lokho akushoyo ( isib. anganqekuzisa ihknda ekhombisa ukuvumelana nokushiwoyo)
umbhalomdwebo – umbhalo owethulwe ngemidwebo ( ukudweba noma ukubumba okuthile )
uLimi lwasEkhayauLimi lwasEkhaya( bheka noLimi lokuQala lokwEngeza)- ulimi olufundwa yingane ngokulingisa ekhaya; ulimi esicabanga ngalo. umabizwafane – yigama elibhalwa ngakufana liphinyiswe ngokufana, kodwa lisho izinti ezingefani. (isib. Ibala – igxeke; ibala - isibazi).
ihaba – liwukwandisa lokho okukhulunywa ngakho kuzwakale sengathi kukhulu kakhulu kunalokho okuyikhona ngempela (Isib. Isigelekeqe sangibuka ngezimbokodwe zamehlo).
isithombe - umfanekiso wento ethile umfanekisomqondo – amagama, imishwana nemisho eyakha izithombe engqweni; isib. Isifaniso, isingathekiso, nesenzasamuntu.
okushiwoyo ( uma kuqhathaniswa nokucacisiwe) yilokho okuqondiwe ethekisthini kodwa kube kungabekiwe kwagqama
94 | P a g e
okuqondiwe ( uma kuqhathaniswa nokubhaliwe)- yilokho okushiwo yithekisthi kodwa kube kungagaguliwe
ukudidiyela – lo umthetho wemfundo othi umuntu unelungelo lokufunda. Okuncane okudingekayo kubafundi bonke kucacisiwe ukuze labo abanezidingo ezingavamile, izidingo ngokwemizwa nangokomzimba balungiselelwe.
ukufunisela – ukusho okuqondiwe kodwa kungacacisiwe ethekisthini, uze usho nokuthi kungahle kwenzekeni ngemuva kwalokho. ukuhlongoza – ukuqala ukwenza into ( isib. ukuqala ingxoxo)
ukugigiyela – ukusho into engemnandi ngendlela egigiyelayo kunokuyisho kuqonde ngqo. Inhlolokhono (i-inthavyu) – umsebenzi wokuqoqa ulwazi noma ingxoxo yabantu yobuso nobuso ngenhloso ethile ubuviyoviyo – (ukusho ngephimbo lokucula) – iphethini lephimbo lenkulumo elibonisa izakhiwo zohlelo njengemisho nemishwana. 2. Lokhu kuphinda kusize kwehlukanisa phakathi kwesitatimende nombuzo, kuveze nemizwa nesimo sokhulumayo.
umbhinqo – ukusebenzisa amazwi achaza okuthile kepha kube kuqondwe okuphambene nawo. Kusuke kusetshenziswe amazwi okuncoma kuqondwe ukugxeka (Isib. Kuyabonakala ukuthi bekuhlala inono kule ndlu yiko kungcolile: kuqondwe ukuthi bekuhlala inuku)
ijagoni – amatemu angavamile asetshenziswa emsebenzini noma eqenjini elithile (Isib. Abasebenza ngamakhompyutha bakhuluma nge-“CPU”, “RAM”, njll.). Uma ijagoni isetshenziselwe ukubandlulula izethameli ekubambeni iqhaza kungakhubaza futhi kungaba yingozi.
izindlela ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa kolimi- lokhu kwenzeka uma kukuncane kakhulu okuzuziwe olimini maqondana nolwazimagama, ukwakhekha nokuphinyiswa kwawo; lokhu –ke kuyehluka ngokwezindawo lapho ulimi lukhulunywa khona.
amalitheresi- izinhlobo ezehlukene zemibhalo (isib. ehlolisisayo, ebukwayo, amagrafu, amakhompyutha ezokuxhumana usikompilo nenhlalo yabantu)
ukwazi ukufunda nokubhala – ikhono lokwazi ukufunda nokubhala nokusebenzisa ulwazi ezimweni nangezinhloso ezahlukene, nokubhalela izinhloso ezehlukene. Ukwazi ukuguqula ithekisthi ebhalwe ngamagama engejwayelekile kube ajwayelekile, ukuze umuntu oqonde ngendawo aphila kuyo.
okusobala ( uma kuqhathaniswa nokufihlekile) – ukubeka inkulumo ngendlela elula neqondile kusetshenziswa amagama njengoba enjalo.
ulimi olukhohlisayo – ulimi olunamandla lokuthi umuntu akholwe futhi ebe engaboni ukuthi uyakhohliswa, isib. Inkulumo yezepolitiki, inkulumo yokuthengisa, isikhangiso njll.
95 | P a g e
ulimi lwemibhalo – ulimi olusetshenziswa lapho kukhulunywa ngemibhalokumbandakanya amagama afana nesimo, isitayela, isakhiwo nenkulumompendulwano. isingathekiso – ukukhuluma ngokufanekisa izinto ezingafani ubiza into ngenye (Isib. USinenhlanhla akamuhle yilanga liphuma).
uhlaka oluwubulwembu – uhlaka olumele isihloko nezindikimba okulungiswa kulo imibono namagama okuzobhalwa ngawo
isinyathelo- yindlela okwethulwa ngayo okuthile, indlela yokuxhumana ( isib. isinyathelo isibhaliwe, esikhulunywayo, esibukwayo (okuhlanganisa amashadi namagrafu), ulwazi lungaguqulwa luseke esinyathelweni esithile kuye kwesinye, (isib. ukuguqula igrafu ibe isiqephu). umoya – isimo somoya ethekisthini; ukhombisa imizwa noma isimo senqondo yomlingiswa; kuphinda kusho nesimo esivezwa amathekisthi abonwayo, azwakalayo kanye nalawo esebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zokuxhumana.
amathekisthi asebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zokuxhumana – izinhlobo zezilinganiso okungaba ezibhaliwe, ezibonwayo, imisindoamavidiyo njll. ukulanda – ukusho izehlakalo ezihlangene ezikhulunywayo noma ezibhaliwe zishiwo ngokulandelana kwazo, indaba.
izwi lomxoxi – yizwi lomuntu oxoxa indaba (isib. kuyabonakala uma kungumungu wokuqala “ngi…” okunguyena mlingiswa endabeni., noma umuntu westhathu lapho umxoxi ekhuluma ngo “u…”, no “ba…”
ifuzamsindo – lapha kusetshenziswa igama elimsindo walo ufana nomsindo lowo uchazwayo. Lilingisa umsindo owenziwa yinto ethile ephilayo noma engaphili. Lowo umsindo ofuze umsindo owenziwa enye into (Isib. UMelusi wavuswa ubugodlogodlo besitmela)
okzimoroni – ukusetshenziswa kwamazwi ndawonye amqondo wawo uphikisanayo, asetshenziswa ngehloso yokuveza okuthile; ngokwejwayelekile asetshenziswa nezichasiso ezichaza ibizo elimumethe umqondo oliphikisayo.
(Isib. UJabulani ukhathazwa ubugqili benkululeko)
izingxoxo zamapheneli - kwakhiwa amaqembu azoxoxisana ngesihloko, kuphendulwe imibuzo ngomsebenzi
indida – ukubeka inkulumo ngendlela ephicayo engqondweni. ukufingqa - ukubeka ithekisthi noma umqondo ngamagama ambalwa. umfakela – igama ellakhiwe lisuselwe kolunye ulimi layoshona kunina)
isakhiwo – ubudlelwano bezehlakalo ezisemqoka ethekisthini; isingeniso, udweshu, isixakaxaka, uvuthondaba kanye nesiphetho sakho konke lokhu.
96 | P a g e
Umbono wombhali- indawo yomlingiswa maqondana nezimo enovelini noma emdlalweni. ukucwasana- ukungabekezelelani nokwahlulela umuntu noma iqembu labantu, umbono noma umbango.
ukuzwakala- ukukhipha izwi ngokukhulumela phezulu, ngendlela ezwakalayo, ecacil nexhumana kahle nezethameli.
uteku- ukudlala ngamagama aphimiseka ngokufanayo ukuze kuhlekwe amagama amaningi ngokweqile – ukusebenzisa amagama, imishwana nemisho ebeyingagwenywa kodwa ungalahleki umqondo. irejista- ukusetshenziswa kwamagama ehlukene , isitayela, uhlelo iphimbo ithoni ezimweni ezehlukene ( isib. imiqulu yakomkhulu ibhalwa kusetshenziswa irejista esemthethweni, ebekelwe izimiso). ukubika – ( okumiselwe imigomo izimiso nokungamiselwe migomo zimiso), ukunikeza ulande ngokwenzekile (isib. ngengozi eynzeke ubhekile)
ukuphinda ufunde – ukuphinda ufunde yisu elipha nofundayo ithuba lokuthi agcine eseqonda lokho okubhalwe ethekisthini ukuphinda usho – leli yisu lokufunda lapho umfundi exoxa futhi, afingqe umqondo owesahluko noma wesiqephu, angakwenza ngomlomo noma ngokubhala
amasu obuciko bokukhuluma- amasu afana nokusebenzisa ikhefu, ukuphindaphinda okusetshenziswa isikhulumi abeke inkulumo ngendlela ezwakalayo nevumisayo. Amanye amasu kungaba akhohlisayo, ukuze umuntu avumelame nawe. umbuzombumbulu – wumbuzo osuke ungabuzelwa ukuthola impendulo, ngoba impendulo yawo ikhona kuwo ( Uthi uyazi nje ukuthi unenhlanhla kangakanani ?)
umgqumo – amagama noma imigqa ezebenzisa ukuvumelana kwephimbo ekugcineni kwemigqa.
isiqgi - imisindo efanayo elokhu ivele njalo. ukubhuqa- inkulumo esebenzisa amazwi aziswana ngenhloso yokucasula noma yokuhlekisa ngomuntu. isathaya – uhlobo lwamathekisthi lapho umlobi ezwakala sengathi uyancoma kanti uyabhuqa, ngokuhlekisa ngalowo amgxekayo usuke eqonde ukuba ukuhlonipheka kwakhe kwehle, lokho kuhlekwa kusekele emaphutheni. Isikhali esisemqoka sesathaya ukuhlekisa ngalowo ogxekwayo
ukufunda ngokukha phezulu- ukuhambisa ethekisthini ukuze uthole imininingwane
97 | P a g e
ebalulekile yokusekela ( isib. ukufunda ngokushesha umqulu wamagama nezinombolo zezingcingo ) isifaniso – lapha kuqhathaniswa izinto ezimbili ezingafani ngoba kukhona okuthile okunobudlelwane phakathi kwazo. Sandulelwa yizakhi zokufanisa o-njenga-, fana, kuhle, okwe-, -sa- (UThuthukile muhle kuhle kwelanga liphuma).
ukufunda ngokushesha – ukufunda ithekisthi ngesivivinini esikhulu ukuze kutholakale umqondo osemqoka ( isib. ukufunda izihloko, izingeniso nezigaba zokuqala zephephandaba ukuze wazi izindaba ezisemqoka).
ulimi olungamukelekile – ulimi olungesona isiZulu soqobo njengesidolobha, isihumusha, okuvame ukukhulunywa yintsha. Umehluko phakathi kolimi olwamukelekile kanye nalolo olungamukelekile ukuthi asikaze zavunyelwa ezingxoxweni ezibekelwe izimiso.
inkolelo engaguquki – lena yinkolelo esezimpandeni maqondana neqhaza okumele libanjwe ngumuntu othile.
icebo – indlela ethile yokwenza noma yokulungiselela ukuxazulula inkinga ukuqinisa izwi, umbono – ( egameni noma emshweni) ukufaka umfutho ukuze lokho okwenzayo kuphumelele noma kuzwakale
isitayela – indlela umbhali ahlela ngayo amagama ukuze afeze izinhloso ezithile. Isitayela sihlanganisa ubunjalo bombhali nombono afuna ukuwubeka. La malungiselelo ambandakanya ukukhethwa kwamagama wumbhali kanyen nezakhiwo nobungako bemisho, iphimbo, nokusetshenziswa kombhinqo.
isakhiwana – isehlakalo esenzeka kanye naleso esikhulu /esisemqoka enovelini noma emdlalweni
uphawu – igama elithatha noma limela indawo yenye into (Isib. 1. Inkondlo ingakhuluma ngesihlahla, ichaze ukuthi sikhula kanjani nokuthi ekugcineni siyagawulwa. Isihlahla singamela umuntu okhulayo ophetha ngokufa. Isib. 2. imibala yefulegi laseNingizimu Afrika). amagama asho okufanayo – ( Njengoba eqhathaniswa nalawo asho okuphikisanayo), amagama amqondofana.
ukuhlelwa kwemiqondo – ukuhlanganisa imiqondo / imibono ethathwe emithonjeni yolwazi eyahlukene. Isifingqo saleyo mibono ehlanganisiswe.
ithekisthi – isitatimende noma okuqanjiwe okwethulwa ngomlomo, okulotshiwe noma okubukelwayo ngenhloso yokuxhumana.
ingqikithi – umongo walokho okuxhunywana ngakho. Ithekisthi ingaba nomongo ongaphezulu kowodwa , futhi kungenzeka ungabi sobala
98 | P a g e
iphimbo – iphimbo ledlulisa umyalezo wamathekisthi ethulwa ngomlomo. Emathekisthini alotshiwe iphimbo lizwakala ngamagama awakhethile umlobi ukuze aveze isimo sakhe. Ezithombeni zebhayisikobho iphimbo lingakhiwa ngomculo noma indlela umdlalo ohleleke ngayo esiteji. amathekisthi adlulisa imilayezo – imibhalo yomsebenzi ( Isib. izincwadi, amaminithi, imibiko, idayari, umlando womufi.)
ukunikezelana amathuba – izinqubo ezizimase ukunganqamuki kokuxhumana kwabantu ababili, njengokunikeza abanye ithuba lokubeka imibono yabo, ukuphinda okushoyo ukuze okuqondiwe kucace, ukungena nxa kusaxoxwa ukuze kubuyiswe abedukayo, ukwenanela ngemibuzo ukuze kucaciswe okuthile. isitatimende esingaphelele – ukusho okuthile ngokungagcwele esikhundleni sokunikeza yonke imininingwane / amaphuzu, ukuze kugcizelelwe. amathekisthi abonwayo – izinto ezibonakalayo ezedlulisa umlayezo ( isib. imifanekiso yamafilimu, izithombe, okugqanyiswa ngekhompyutha, izilinganiso amakhathuni kanye nemidwebo okupendiwe. izwi – indawo yomlobi; ngenkathi kufundwa kubukelwe, ofundayo uyakwazi ukthola umbono wombhali kanye nenhloso yakhe. Uteku – izimo nezinto ezethulwa ngendlela ehlekisayo nekitazayo. isu lokuhlasela amagama- isu elisetshenziswa uma kufundwa amagama angaziwa ( isi. Ukulinqamula igama ngamalunga kuphinde kubhekwe iziphongozo nezijobelelo zalo)
99 | P a g e
ISENGEZELELO Izakhiwo kanye nezimiso zolimi (amashadi eziqukathi lwazi) Izakhiwo zolimi Izinhlobo kanye nokuhlelwa kwesenzo Izingxenye zamagama
Isiqalo, umsuka kanye nesiqu
Amabizo Ababizoqho Amabizongxube Amabizomuntu Amabizonto Amabizomvama amabizombaxa amabizoqoqa ubulili ubuningi izinciphiso izenzo ezisabizo isilandiso kanye nomenziwa izikhuliso amabizo asuselwa kwezinye izingcezu zenkulumo
Izabizwana Sokukhomba Soqobo Senani Sesichasiso
Izenzo kanye nezimo ezithile zezenzo
Inkathi yamanje Inkathi ezayo Inkathi eyedlule Izenzo esisabizo Izenzo
Eziphundulekile Ezilunga linye Ezimalungamabili Ezimalungamaningi
Izenzo ezidinga umenziwa (transitive) Izenzo ezingamdingi umenziwa (intransitive) Izingazenzo izinsizasenzo isibanjalo Izimpambosi
isichasiso Isiphawulo Isibaluli Ongumnini Inani
Isandiso Sendawo Sesimo Senkathi Esikhomba isizathu Esikhomba okusetshenzisiwe
100 | P a g e
Indlela yokubuza
Ukuvuma Ukuphika Izindlela zesenzo
Eyesimo Encikile Esabizo Eyamandla Ephoqayo eqondisayo
Imisho kanye nemishwana
Umusho oqondile Umusho ombaxa Umusho omagatsha
Umshwana okhonzile ochazayo Umushwana okhonzile okhanyisayo
Inkulumo ngqo kanye newumbiko Izivumelwano Ukuphika
Izigaba (kusetshenziswa izijobelelo)
Ukulandelana ngokwesikhathi /ukulandelana ngokohlelo oluthile : okokuqala, okwesibili, okwesithathu, uma, emva, kwaze, ekugcineni, okulandelayo, phambilini, emva kwalokho. Hlaziya /bheka imbangela nomphumela :nakuba, yingakho, yingoba, ngesizathu, kusukela, okuholele, yingoba, ngakho-ke, kulandla ukuthi, uma..ngakho.. Inqubo: okokuqala, okwesibili, okwesithathu Qhathanisa / hlukanisa :okufanayo, umahluko, mncane kuna-, mkhulu kuna-, kodwa, Beka ngokwamazinga okubaluleka : njalo nje, ekugcineni Hlela ngokwenkomba yezimpawu :phezulu, phansi, kwesokudal, kwesokunxele, njll Ingxubevange yezihlanganiso : ngokwejwayelekile, sengiphetha Izigaba ezikhethiwe:ngokwami ukubona, umbono, inkolelo, ukuqonda, ngicabanga ukuthi, ngikholwa ukuthi, kubukeka sengathi kimina, ngincamela/ngikhetha/ngethemba/ngaphatheka Isigaba esibeka izinto ngononina : kufana nokuthi, kungahlukaniswa, kungena ngaphansi kwe, kuhambisana ne, kuhlanganiswa ne, Izigaba ezichazayo: ngaphezulu, ngaphansi, eceleni, ngaphandle, eduze, empumalanga, entshonalanga, eningizimu, enyakatho, ubungako, umbala, isilinganiso, inhloso, ubude, ubukhulu, isisindo, kufana nokuthi, Isigaba esilinganisayo ; kuhle/kubi, kulungile/akulungile, kusobala/kubalulekile, ncoma, nxusa, beka umbono, nikeza izeluleko, okwamulekile/okungamulekanga Izigaba ezinikeza incazelo :kuchazwa ngokuthi, kungafaniswa nokuthi, Isigaba esiyisiphetho :ukuphetha, ukusonga, ukugoqa, ngamafuphi, njengoba nibona
Izenzukuthi Dekle! Bhuklu! izibabazo Isibonelo: Hhawu! Maye babo!
101 | P a g e
Ukuthuthukiswa kohlu lwamagama kanye nezimo zokukhuluma
Omabizwafane Amagama aphikisanayo Ophimbohluka Amabizo amqondo mningi Igama elilodwa elimele amaningi Izifenqo (isifaniso, isingathekiso, ukwenzasamuntu, ukwenzasasilwane, ihaba, ukubhinqa, indida, i-okzimoroni, anakhronizimu, uvuthondaba, upholavuthondaba, umbizi, ifuzamsindo, ukuhlanekezela) Izaga Izisho Amagama okwebolekwa Amagama anezincazelo ezintsha (neolojizimu) Umsuka wamagama (ethimoloji)
Izimpawu zokuloba
Ikhonco Ikholoni isemikholoni i-aphostrofi abacaphuni umbuzi umbabazi ungqi
Isipelingi
Indlela amagama apelwa ngayo Imithetho yokupela kanye nezimiso zakhona Izifinyezo abacaphuni