ISLAM

ISLAM

1.2 billion Muslims today

7th century

Monotheistic

2nd largest religion in the world

Sunni & Shiite

Arabic

ALLAH

Allah

Arabic word for God

MUHAMMAD Last prophet of God

Unified Arabia under

Islam

MuhammadBorn in Mecca-market town ~570 AD

Pilgrimage site, Kaaba, Pagan temple

Shepard, at 25 he married Khadijah (wealthy caravan business owner)

At 40, while meditating he heard the voice of

Gabriel, an angelHe was being called to be the messenger of God

Islam- Arabic for “to submit to God”Monotheistic- One true God, Allah

622 Muhammad was threatened with murder so he & his followers left Mecca and went to Medina.(journey known as hijra)Arabs in Medina converted to Islam, called Muslims, followers

of IslamMuhammad returned to Mecca in 630 and destroyed all Arab

idols in the Kaaba, temple that he believed Abraham built to worship the one true God.

Kaaba is the holiest place in

Islam

622 = First year of Muslim calendar

TEACHINGS OF ISLAM

Monotheistic-belief in one God

Prophets-Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed was the last and greatest

Quran-sacred text

Arabic-shared language unites Muslims around the world

Teaches God’s will and is a guide to life

Emphasize honesty, generosity, and social justice

Harsh penalties for stealing or murder

Judgment Day: Eternal punishment in hell or eternal bliss in paradise

1. Shahadah - profession of faith2. Salah - ritual prayer 3. Zakah - alms tax 4. Sawm fasting during Ramadan5. Hajj - pilgrimage to Mecca

5 PILLARS

● Muslim duties307

THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM

Declaration of faith “There is no god but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God”

Pray five times a day Ritual washing, face toward the city of Mecca

Pray at home or in mosque, house of worship

Give to charity or to the poor

Fast during Ramadan Sunrise to sunset during the month when Muhammad received his revelations

Hajj Pilgrimage to Mecca if a person is physically and financially able

JihadStruggle in God’s service

Personal duty for MuslimsHoly war to defend Islam and the Muslim community

“People of the Book” Jews and Christians- All three worship the same God

ISLAMIC WAY OF LIFE

● Islamic law governs daily life● Traditions determine behaviors &

relations

Hijab

Sharia: Body of lawInterpretation of QuranApplies religion to legal

codes

WomenArab women could not inherit property, had to obey male

guardians, some unwanted daughters were killed at birthMuslim women

Quran prohibited killing of daughters, granted women inheritance, they were able to reject a marriage offerWomen should dress modestly

Not completely equal to menLess inheritance, harder to get a divorce