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Islamic Achievement & Influence
Muslim Urban Centers● Education increased w/ creation
of Universities● Scholars preserved classical
works of Greece/Rome● Improved Indian/Persian
discoveries● Cities included:
● Baghdad (Iraq)● Cordoba (Spain)● Damascus (Syria)● Cairo (Egypt)● Timbuktu (Mali)
Cairo
Role of Women
● Rights determined by interpreters of Koran.
● “Men are managers of women’s affairs.”
● “Righteous women are therefore obedient”
● In early days, women could get an education.
● Inheritance rights● Could divorce and
remarry
Women in full Burqas
House of Wisdom
● Islamic center for scholars (University)
● Opened by Caliph al-Ma’mum in early 800’s
● Included library, academy, & translation center.
● Interpreted/translated works from Greece, Rome, India, Persia & others.
● Scholars gathered to study & analyze
Muhammad preached education important in order to serve Allah
Medical Advances● al-Razi
● Created encyclopedia - Comprehensive Book
● collected medical knowledge from Greece, Syria, India, & Arabic sources.
● Cleaner air could help recovery
● Called for good nutrition & exercise
● Wrote findings in Treatise on Smallpox & Measles
Mathematic Achievements
● Related to study of Astronomy
● Al-Khwarizmi● created a technique
Al-Jabr = Algebra● Trigonometry
developed● Arabic Numeral
System ● adopted from India
(3:16)
Scientific Achievements
● Used observation & conducted lab experiments
● Ibn al-Haytham● produced first book on
Optics.● Studies led to
development of lenses for telescopes & microscopes.
Astronomy
● 5 Pillars led to Astronomical advances (Why?)
● Needed accurate Lunar calendar to observe religious periods
● Cartography (mapmaking) became prominent
● Astrolabe● scientific instrument used to
navigate on seas. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZDe9DCx7Wk
Essential Knowledge
165. Why were Muslims interested in Education?
166. What was the Muslims’ first ‘university’?
167. Match the following Muslims to their correct field of study: Al-Razi, Al-Khwarizmi, Ibn al-Haytham (Medicine, Mathematics, Optics)
168. From where do the Arabic Numerals originate?
Muslim Literature●The Rubaiyat
●Collection of poems●Omar Khayyam
●Persian mathematician & Astronomer
“Yesterday & today go on without us:Tomorrow what’s the charge against me, pray?In youth, I studied for a little while;Later I boasted of my mastery,Yet this was all the lesson I learned:We come from dust, and with the wind are gone,Of all the travelers on this endless roadNo one returns to tell us where it leads,There’s little in this world but greed and need,Leave nothing here, for you will not return.”
Muslim Literature● Follows storytelling
tradition of Bedouins● Koran considered
standard for all Islamic literature.
● The Thousand and One Nights: Arabian Nights tales about the Abbasid period – a Golden Age
● collection of fairy tales, parables, & legends.
Muslim Art & Architecture
● Calligraphy – the art of beautiful handwriting
Mosaics
Muslim Art & Architecture
● Much of Islamic architecture is a blending of Byzantine architecture with Muslim ideas.
The Taj Mahal
(1630-1635)
* Tomb built by Emperor Shah
Jahan as a tomb for his beloved
wife
MinaretsOnion Dome
Dome of the Rock(3:20)
Why is the Dome of the Rock significant to Muslims? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=egB0Ej9cE_Y
The city of Cordoba, Spain
Essential Knowledge
169. What is the art of beautiful handwriting?170. Name India’s most classic form of
Islamic architecture?171. What art form, borrowed from the
Byzantines, uses small pieces of tile/glass to create images?
172. What battle is credited with stopping the Muslim advance on Europe?