Islamika Padavali Part 2 - Ahmadiyya · Moulana Muhammad Sherif Sahib Translated by : C.H. Abdhul Qadir, Payangadi, Kannur Printed at: BRB Offset, Thav akkara, Kannur- 17 Published

Ckvem-anI ]mTm-hen

]pkvXIw˛ 2

Ckvem-anI ]mTm-hen

]pkvX-Iw˛ 2

hnh¿Ø\w

kn. F®v. A–p¬ JmZn¿, ]g-b-ßmSn

]km-[-I¿:

Ckvemw C‚¿\m-j-W¬ ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, tIcf

t^m¿´v tdmUv, IÆq¿˛ 670 001

Islamika Padavali(Malayalam)

Author :Moulana Muhammad Sherif Sahib

Translated by :C.H. Abdhul Qadir, Payangadi, Kannur

Printed at:BRB Offset, Thavakkara, Kannur- 17

Published by :Islam International Publications, Kerala

Copies:2000

Ist Edition : 1970IInd Edition : 1974IIIrd Edition : 1988IVth Edition : 2007 August

Price: 20/-IIPK/11

c≠mw ]Xn-∏ns‚ ]kvXm-h\

kZv¿ A©p-a≥ Alva-Znøm JmZn-bm≥ AwKo-I-cn®

"Ckvemw Io ]lveo InØm-_n's‚ Hcp kzX¥ hnh¿Ø\w

Ckvem-anI ]mTm-hen 1˛mw ]pkvXIw F∂ t]cn¬ P\m_v

auehn apl-ΩZp A_p¬h^m kmln_v Xøm-dm-°p-Ibpw 1970-

˛¬ ]g-bßmSn A©p-a≥ Alva-Znø AXv ]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øp-

Ibpw sNbvXp. XpS¿∂p≈ `mK-ßƒ hnh¿Ø\w sNøm≥

IrXy-¥c _mlp-ey-Øm¬ auehn kmln-_n\v kuI-cy-s∏-SmsX

h∂-Xn-\m¬ 2˛mw ]pkvXIw Rm≥ ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-I-

bm-Wv. Cu ]cn-`mj BZym-h-km-\w-hsc ki≤w ]cn-tim-[n®v

th≠ Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ sNbvXp-X-∂-Xn\v P\m_v auehn apl-

ΩZp A_p¬h^m kmln-_n-t\mSpw c≠mw ]Xn∏v ]kn-≤o-I-

cWw Gs‰-SpØ Alva-Znøm kwÿm\ ka-Xn-tbmSpw IrX-

⁄X tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≈p-∂p.

kn.F®v. A–p¬ JmZn¿

]g-b-ßmSn, IÆq¿

]km-[-I-°p-dn∏v

Ckvemw C‚¿\m-j-W¬ ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, tIcf ]kn-

≤o-I-cn-°p∂ 11-˛-m-asØ KŸ-amWv Ipń-Iƒ°mbp≈ Ckvem-

anI ]mTm-hen c≠mw- m-Kw. aX-hn-⁄m-\-amWv a\p-jys\ k¬kz-

`m-hnbpw ssZh-km-ao]yw ]m]n-°p-∂-h-\p-am-°n-Øo¿°p-∂-Xv.

sNdp∏w apXte aX-]-c-amb Imcy-ßƒ Ipń-I-fpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬

cqV-aq-e-am-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS amXta `mhn-bn¬ Ah¿°v Bflo-b-

ambn A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-Sm≥ km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q. CXn-\p-]-I-cn-°p∂

Hcp IrXn-bmWv Ckvem-anI ]mTm-hen. Atd-_y≥\m- nse ap≥an-

j-W-dnbpw "AØ-Jz-vh' ]X-Øns‚ FUn-‰-dp-am-bn-cp∂ auem\m

Nu±cn apl-ΩZv ico^v kmln_v ^mkn¬ D¿Zp-hn¬ cNn®

"_t®mw tIentb Ckvemw Io Zqkcn InXm_v' F∂-Xns‚

kzX¥ hnh¿Ø-\-am-Wn-Xv. a¿lqw kn.-F-®v. A–p¬ JmZ¿

kmln_v ]g-b-ßm-Sn-bmWv Cu KŸw hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXn-´p-

≈-Xv. Imtem-Nn-X-amb ]cn-jvI-c-W-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Cu ]Xn∏v

]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Cu KŸw ]q¿Æ-ambpw

Xß-fpsS a°ƒ°v ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ian-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

CXn-\p-th≠n ]h¿Øn® F√m ktlm-Z-c-ßƒ°pw \µn ]d-

™p-sIm-≈p-∂p. A√mlp Ah¿s°√mw \√ ]Xn- ew \evIp-

am-dm-I-s´. Bao≥.

kZv¿,

Ckvemw C‚¿\m-j-W¬ ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, tIcf

Ckvem-anI ]mTm-hen

]mTw˛ 1

\akvImcw

A√mlp a\p-jys\ kr„n-®p. Ahs‚ kIe Bh-iy-

ßfpw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n ]e-hn[ km[-\-ßfpw Hcp-

°n. `£n-°m≥ Blm-chpw DSp-°m≥ hkvXhpw \evIn.

AXn\m¬, \mw Ah-t\mSv \µn-bp-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-t°-≠Xpw Ahs‚

F√m A\p-K-l-ß-tfbpw hne-a-Xn-t°-≠Xpw Ahs\ amXw

Bcm-[n-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv. hnip-≤-Jp¿-B\n¬ A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:

Rm≥ kr„n-®n-´pan√ Pn∂ns\

C≥kn-t\bpw Ah¿ Fs∂ Bcm-[n-°m≥ th≠n-

b-√m-sX.

"Pn-∂n-t\bpw C≥kn-t\bpw Fs∂ Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ th≠n-

b-√msX Rm≥ kr„n-®n- n-√.' AXm-bXv a\p-jy≥ A√m-lp-hns\

Bcm-[n-°m≥th≠n-amXw kr„n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. F√m hkvXp-

°fpw a\p-jy\p th≠n-bmWv kr„n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬,

a\p-jy≥ A√m-lp-hns\ Bcm-[n-°m-\mbn kr„n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.

10Ckvem-anI ]mTm-hen

F√m Bcm-[-\-I-fnepw sht®-‰hpw ][m-\-s∏- Xv \a-kvIm-

c-am-Ip-∂p. \a-kvImcw kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS A`n-hr-≤n-°p≈

am¿§-a-sX. F√m A`n-hr-≤n-bpw, AXp-ap-tJ\ Ic-ÿ-am-°m-hp-

∂-Xm-Wv. \a-kvIm-cw, \oN-]hr-Øn-I-tfbpw ZpjvI¿Ω-ß-tf-bpw-

X-S-bp-∂p. AXv lrZ-bsØ ip≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw ]m]-am-Ip∂

Agp-°n-s\ ZqcoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.- A-ßs\ a\p-jy≥

kI-e-hn[ ]m]-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Xn∑-I-fn¬\n∂pw kpc-£n-X-\m-

bn-Øo-cp-∂p. kXy-lr-Z-b-tØmSpw hn\-b-tØm-Spw-IqSn \a-kvI-

cn-°p∂ Bƒ°v A√mlp A¥ pw _lp-a-Xnbpw Xs‚ kmao-

]yhpw \evIp-∂-Xm-Wv.

A°q- ¿ Bcm-a-ß-fn¬ BZ-cn-

°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cm-Ip-∂p.

A-h¿ Bcm-a-ßfn¬ BZ-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cm-Ip-∂p.

\a-kvImcw F∂m¬ F¥v?

\-a-kvImcw ]m¿∞-\bm--Wv. AXn¬ A√m-lp-hn-\p≈

kvXpXn, \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS t]cn¬ "kzemØv' (A-\p-K-lm-

iw-k-Iƒ), "CkvXn-Kv^m¿' (]m-]-tam-N-\-Øn-∂mbp≈ A¿∞-

\), "ZpB' (A-√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp≈ ]m¿∞-\-) F∂o Imcy-ßƒ

Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p.

\a-kvImcw Atß-b‰w `‡n-tbmSpw hn\-b-tØm-Spw-IqSn

\n¿∆-ln-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ Iäp-ºn¬ A√m-lp-

hns\ ImWp∂p F∂ mh-Øn¬, AX-s√-¶n¬ Ipd-™-]-£w,

-Xs∂ A√m-lp I≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂ t_m[-tØmsS

Bbn-cn-°Ww \a-kvI-cn-t°≠-Xv. \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ as‰m∂pw

Nn¥n-°msX Xs‚ \mY-\n¬ amXw i≤ tIµo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-

Wv. Fs¥√mw Imcy-ßƒ A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv tNmZn-t°-≠-Xpt≠m

AsX√mw \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬Øs∂ tNmZn-t°≠-Xm-Wv. \a-


kvImcw AXns‚ F√m \n_-‘-\-I-fp-a-\p-k-cn®v \n¿∆-ln-t°-

≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. A√m-Ø-]£w AXv bYm¿∞ \a-kvIm-c-am-hp-

I-bn-√. \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ sNø-s∏-Sp∂ ]m¿∞-\-I-fpsS A¿∞w

Kln-°m-Ø-h-cpsS \a-kvImcw bYm¿∞ \a-kvIm-c-a-√. AXp-

sIm≠v \√-hÆw i≤-sN-ep-Øn, A¿∞w Kln-®p-sIm-≠v,

A√mlp Iev]n-®-X-\p-k-cn®v \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. X¬^-e-

ambn A√m-lp-hns‚ -km-ao]yw e`n-°p-Ibpw Ahs‚ bYm¿∞

Zmk-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw F√m ]m]-ß-fn¬\n∂pw ]cn-ip-≤-cm-bn-

Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. amX-a√ Bflo-bhpw ùXn-I-hp-

amb F√m A\p-K-l-ßfpw e`n-°p-Ibpw A√m-lp-hns‚

kt¥mjw Ic-ÿ-am-hp-Ibpw sNøpw.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. F¥n-\mWv \mw A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv \µn ImWn-t°-≠Xv?

2. A√mlp a\p-jys\ kr„n-®-Xns‚ Dt±-iy-sa¥v?

3. Bcm[-\-I-fn¬ ][m-\-s∏´ Bcm-[\ GXv?

4. \a-kvImcw sIm≠p≈ t\´-ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

5. A√mlp A¥ pw _lp-a-Xnbpw \evIp-∂-Xm¿°mWv?

6. \a-kvImcw F∂m¬ F¥v, AXn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-sX-

s¥√mw?

7. GXp t_m[-tØm-sS-bmWv \a-kvI-cn-t°≠Xv?

8. \a-kvImcw bYm¿∞-am-Im≥ \mw sNtø-≠-sX¥v?

9. Fß-s\-bmWv \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠Xv?

****


]mTw˛ 2

\a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ \n_-‘-\-Iƒ

\a-kvIm-c-Øn\v Xmsg ]d-bp∂ \n_-‘-\-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. 1.

ico-c-ip-≤n. 2. hkvX-ip-≤n. 3. ÿe-ip≤n. 4. \·X ad-bv°¬.

5. Jn_ve (I-A-v_)sb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-I. 6. \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂p-

sh∂v "\nøØv' sNøpI (a-\- n¬ Icp-Xp-I).

ico-c-ip≤n

\a-kvI-cn-°p∂ BfpsS ico-c-Øn¬ "\P-kp'Iƒ (Agp°p-

Iƒ) D≠m-Im≥ ]mSn-√. ico-c-Øn¬ \P-kp-s≠-¶n¬, BZyw

AXv IgpIn hrØn-bm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. aew, aqXw, c‡w, New,

O¿±n apX-em-bh \P-kp-I-fm-Wv. ae-hn-k¿÷\w sNbvXp-I-gn-

™m¬ CSsØ ssIsIm≠v IgpIn hrØn-bm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

A\-¥cw ssI ip≤-amb aÆn-ep-ckn IgpIn hrØn-bm-°p-Ibpw

thWw. tkm∏p-]-tbm-Kn®v Igp-Ip-∂Xv IqSp-X¬ \∂m-bn-cn-°pw.

aqX-hn-k¿÷-\-Øn-\p-ti-jhpw IgpIn hrØn-bm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

sh≈-an-s√-¶n¬ I√p-sImt≠m aÏ-´-sImt≠m at‰m hrØn-

bm°mw. \a-kvI-cn-°p∂ BfpsS hkvX-Øntem \a-kvImc

ÿetØm "\P-kp-'Iƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°m≥ ]mSp-≈-X-√. ico-c-

Øn¬\n∂v "\P-kp'-Iƒ \o°w sNøp-∂-Xn\p ]pdsa \a-kvIm-

c-Øn\v aptº hpkp sNøp-∂Xpw \n¿∫-‘-am-Ip-∂p. Ipfn

\n¿∫‘amIp∂ Nne kµ¿`-ß-fp-≠v. Aßs\ hcp-tºmƒ

\a-kvIm-c-Øn\v aptº Ipfn Hgn-®p-Iq-Sm-Ø-Xm-Wv.

Ipfn-t°≠ Iaw

BZyw ip≤n hcpØp-I. ]n∂oSv hpkp sNøp-I. A\-¥cw

Xe-bn¬ sh≈-sam-gn®v icocw apgp-h\pw Igp-Ip-I. Cßs\

aq∂p ]mhiyw Igp-Ip-∂Xv kp∂-Øm-Ip-∂p. ico-c-Øns‚ Hcp

`mKhpw \\-bm-Xn-cn-°m≥ ]mSp-≈-X-√. ad-hp≈ ÿe-Øp-sh®v

Ipfn-°p-∂Xv DØ-a-am-Wv. GXm-bmepw \·X shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-cp-Xv.


"hpkp' sNtø≠ Iaw

\√ ip≤-amb sh≈w sImt≠ hpkp sNøm≥ ]mSp-≈q.

BZyw F∂v

sNm√n-s°m≠v ssI∏-S-ßƒ aWn-°-≠w-hsc aq∂p-]m-hiyw

Igp-Ip-I.

\ma-Øn¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ ]c-a-

Im-cp-Wn-I≥ Icp-Wm-a-b≥

]ns∂ aq∂p-]m-hiyw Ipep-°p-gn-bp-Ibpw sh≈w-sIm≠v

\mkm-Zzm-c-ßƒ hrØn-bm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.


A\-¥cw apJw apgp-h\pw aq∂p ]mhiyw Igp-Ip-I. Hcp

sNhn apX¬ at‰ sNhn-h-scbpw Xe-ap-Sn-sXm´v XmSn-sb-√ns‚

A‰w-h-scbpw apJ-Øn¬s]´XmWv.

]n∂oSv BZyw he-Xp -ssIbpw AXn-∂p-tijw CS-

XpssIbpw ap´p-I-f-S°w apΩq∂p ]mhiyw Igp-Ip-I.

]ns∂ Xebpw sNhnbpw Hcp-]m-hiyw XS-hp-I. AXm-bXv

c≠v ssI∏-S-ßfpw sh≈w \\®v BZyw Xe-bpsS ap≥h-i-

Øp-\n∂v ]n≥h-i-tØ°v ]nc-Sn-hsc XS-hp-Ibpw A\-¥cw

ssIc≠pw ap≥h-i-tØ-°p-Xs∂ Xncn-®p-X-S-hp-Ibpw sNøp-I.


XpS¿∂v s]cp-hn-cepw Nq≠p-hn-c-epw-sIm≠v c≠v sNhn-Ifpw

XS-hp-I.

AXp-I-gn™v BZyw hesØ Imepw AXn-∂p-tijw CS-

sØ-°mepw \cn-bm-Wn-hsc apΩq∂p ]mhiyw Igp-Ip-I.


Cu Iaw sX‰n-°m-sXbmbn-cn°Ww CsX√mw sNtø≠Xv.

Imen¬ Imepd [cn-°p-∂-]-£w, AXv hpkp sNbvX-Xn-\p-

ti-j-amWv [cn-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ ho≠pw hpkp sNøp-tºmƒ

AXns‚ apI-fn¬ XS-hn-bm¬a-Xn. ssIhn-c-ep-Iƒ sh≈w \\®v

Imens‚ hnc-ep-Iƒ apX¬ IW-¶m¬hsc taevt]m´v XS-hp-I.

hpkp sNbvXXv apX¬ 24 aWn-°q¿hsc Cßs\ sNøm-hp-∂-

Xm-Wv. bmX-°m¿°v aq∂p-Zn-h-kw-hsc CXv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-sX.

AXn-\p-tijw hpkp sNøp-tºmƒ Imepd Agn-®p-am‰n ho≠pw

Im¬ Igp-tI-≠-Xm-Wv. aq∂p hnc-ep-Iƒ ]pdØv ImW-Ø-°-

hn[w Imepd Iodn-b-Xm-sW-¶n¬ AXv Agn®v Imev Igp-Ip-I-

Xs∂ thWw. Ah-b-h-ß-fn¬ GsX-¶nepw Hcp- mKw \\-™m¬

_p≤n-ap- p-≠m-Ip-sa∂p ImWp-∂-]£w Ahn-sSbpw XS-hn-bm¬

aXn. Igp-Ip∂ Ah-b-h-ßƒ apΩq∂p ]mhiyw Igp-Ip-∂Xv

kp∂-Øm-Ip-∂p. Hcp ]mhiyw Igp-I¬ \n¿∫-‘-am-Wv.

hpkp-hns‚ ZpB

hpkp sNbvX-tijw ilm-ZØv Ien-abpw hpkp-hns‚


ZpBbpw sNm√p-∂Xv kp∂-Øm-Ip-∂p. AXn-]-Im-c-amWv:

Rm≥ km£yw hln-°p∂p Bcm-[-\-

bv°¿l≥ Cs√∂v A√m-lp-h-√msX Ah≥

GI-\m-Ip∂p Ah\v ]¶p-Im-c-\n√ Rm≥

km£yw hln-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p \n›bw apl-ΩZv

(k) Ahs‚ Zmk≥ Ahs‚ ZqX\pw

A√m-lp-th, \o Fs∂ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-Wta

]›m-Ø-]n-°p-∂-h-cn¬ \o Fs∂ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-

Wta ]cn-ip-≤-cn-epw.

A¿∞w: ""Bcm-[-\-bv°¿l≥ A√m-lp-h-√msX a‰m-cp-an-

s√∂v Rm≥ km£yw hln-°p-∂p. Ah≥ GI-\m-Ip-∂p. Ah\v

bmsXmcp ]¶p-Im-c-\p-an-√. apl-Ω-Zv(-k) Ahs‚ Zmk\pw ZqX-

\p-am-sW∂pw Rm≥ km£yw hln-°p-∂p. A√m-lpth, \o

Fs∂ ]›m-Ø-]n-°p-∂-h-cnepw ]cn-ip-≤-cnepw Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-

Wta.

hpkp apdn-™p-t]m-bm¬ ho≠pw hpkp sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv.

hpkp apdn-bp∂ kwK-Xn-Iƒ

1. aqX-hn-k¿÷-\w. 2. ae-hn-k¿÷-\w. 3. ae-aq-X-hn-k¿÷-

\-Zzm-c-ß-fn¬IqSn hmbpthm a‰p-h√ hkvXp°tfm ]pd-s∏-Sp-

I. 4. InSt∂m Nmcn-bn-cpt∂m Dd-ßp-I. 5. t_m[-£-b-ap-≠m-Ip-

I. 6. GsX-¶nepw Hc-h-b-h-Øn¬\n∂v c‡tam Netam at‰m


Hgp-Ip-I.

XbΩpw

hpkp- sN-øm≥ sh≈w In´m-Xn-cn-°p-Itbm sh≈w D]-

tbm-Kn-®m¬ tcmKw _m[n-°p-sat∂m h¿≤n-°p-sat∂m `b-s∏-

Sp-It-bm sNøp∂-Xm-bm¬ hpkp-hn\p ]Icw "XbΩpw' sNtø-

≠-Xm-Wv.

XbΩpw sNtø≠ Iaw

hrØn-bp≈ aÆntem aÆp≈ hkvXp-hntem ÿetØm

c≠v ssIbpw ASn®v BZyw apJw XS-hp-I. ho≠pw c≠v

ssIbpw aÆn-e-Sn®v c≠v ssIbpw ap´p-hsc XS-hp-I. c≠v

ssIbpw Hcp ]mhiyw amXw aÆn-e-Sn®v AXp-sIm≠v apJhpw

ssI∏-Shpw XS-hn-bmepw aXn-bm-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.

Xb-Ωpw, hpkp-hn\v ]I-c-am-Ip-∂p. sh≈w Inń-bm¬

XbΩpw apdn-™p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. IqSmsX hpkp apdn-™p-t]m-

Ip∂ F√m kwK-Xn-Ifpw Xb-Ωp-an∂pw _m[-I-am-Ip-∂p.

aÆn\p ]pdsa aW¬, NpÆm-ºv apX-em-b-h-sIm≠pw

XbΩpw sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

hkvX -ip≤n

hkvX-Øn¬ aqX-Øns‚ sNdp-I-Wn-I-t]mepw ]‰m≥ ]mSn-

√. a‰p-X-c-Øn-ep≈ Agp°pIfpw AXn¬ D≠m-I-cp-Xv. aen-\-h-

kvXp-°ƒ hkvX-Øn¬ ]‰n-bm¬ B hkvXw sh≈w sIm≠v

IgpIn hrØn-bm-°-Ww. hkvXw IgpIn hrØn-bm-°m≥ km[n-

°msX h∂m¬ AtX-hkvXw [cn-®p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ \a-kvI-cn-

t°-≠-Xm-Wv. C\n hkvXw-Xs∂ C√msX h∂m¬ Ccp∂v \a-

kvI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. kpPqZpw dpIqDw BwKyw-aqew sNøp-Ibpw

thWw.

ÿe ip≤n

\a-kvI-cn-°p∂ ÿehpw hrØn-bp-≈-Xm-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

\new hrØn-tI-Sm-b-Xn-\p-tijw AXv shbn¬sIm≠v DW-ßp-


Ibpw hrØn-tI-Sns‚ AS-bm-f-ßƒ C√m-Xm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXm¬

]ns∂ Ahn-sS \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v hntcm-[-an-√. Ipfn-ap-dn, ivaim-

\w, NmW-I-ÿ-ew, Ad-hp-ÿ-ew, s]cp-hgn, IA-v_-bpsS

apIƒ`mKw F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂Xv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-√.

Jn_ve

\a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ Jn_ve (I-Av-_)sb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠-

Xm-Wv. iXp-`-btam B]¬i-¶tbm D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ kuI-cy-a-

\p-k-cn®v GXp-`m-K-tØ°pw Xncn™p \a-kvI-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-

Wv. A]-Im-cw-Xs∂ bmXm-h-k-c-Øntem cmXn-bpsS A‘-

Im-c-Øntem Zn°v a\- n-em-Im-Ø-]£w GXm≠v Jn_ve-sb∂v

tXm∂p∂ `mKsØ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. \a-kvIm-cm-\-

¥cw B \nK-a\w sX‰m-sW∂v I≠m¬ ho≠pw \a-kvI-cn-t°-

≠-Xn-√. \a-kv°m-c-as≤y Jn_ve as‰mcp `mK-Øm-sW∂v a\-

n-em-Ip-∂-]£w \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬Øs∂ B `mK-tØ°v

Xncn™p \nevt°-≠-Xm-Wv.

\·X ad-°¬

]pcp-j-∑m¿:˛ \a-kvI-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xß-fpsS s]m°nƒ

apX¬ Im¬ap-´p-I-fpƒs∏-sS-bp≈ `mKw hkvXw-sIm≠v ad-

bv°p-∂Xv \n¿∫-‘-am-Wv. Npa-ep-Iƒ \·-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv

"aIvdqlv' (shdp-°-s∏-´Xv) BIp-∂p.

kvXoIƒ:˛ hoń-em-sW-¶nepw ]≈n-bn-em-sW-¶nepw apJhpw

ssI∏-Shpw ]mZ-hp-sam-gn®v icocw apgp-h≥ ad-bvt°-≠Xv Hgn-

®p-Iq-SmØ Imcy-am-Ip-∂p. ad-bvt°≠ `mKw \men-sem-∂v

\·ambn-t∏m-bm¬ \a-kvImcw icn-bm-hp-I-bn-√.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ \n_-‘-\-Iƒ Fs¥√mw?

2. \Pvkv F∂m¬ F¥v? DZm-l-cWw Fgp-XpI.

3. Ipfnt°≠ Iaw Fßs\?

4. hpkp sNtø≠ coXn hnh-cn-°pI?


5. hpkphn\v tij-ap≈ ZpB Fgp-XpI?

6. hpkp apdn-bp∂ kwK-Xn-Iƒ Fs¥√mw?

7. XbΩpw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Ip-∂-sX-t∏mƒ?

8. XbΩpw sNø≠ coXn hnh-cn-°pI?

9. \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ ]pcp-j-∑m-cpsS GtX-sX√mw `mK-ß-fmWv

ad-bvt°-≠Xv?

10. kvXoI-fpsS GtX-sX√mw `mK-ß-fmWv ad-bvt°-≠Xv?

****


]mTw˛ 3

_m¶pw CJm-aØpw

\a-kvIm-c-Øn\v ka-b-am-Ip-tºmƒ ]≈n-bn¬h®v A©p-t\-

chpw D®-Øn¬ _m¶v hnfn-°p-∂Xv kp∂-Øm-Ip-∂p. _m¶v hnfn-

°p∂ Bƒ Jn_ve-bpsS t\sc Xncn-™p- Camav \nev°p∂

ÿe-Øns‚ ]n∂ntem kz^v^ns‚ he-Xp-`m-KtØm\n∂v c≠v

sNhn-bnepw hnc-ep-Iƒ sh®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww _m¶v hnfn-

t°≠-Xv. _m¶v C]-Im-c-amWv:˛

A√mlp G‰hpw hen-b-h-\m-Ip∂p Rm≥

km£yw hln-°p∂p Bcm-[-\-bv°¿l≥ Cs√∂v

A√m-lp-h-√msX Rm≥ km£yw hln-°p-∂p

\n›-bw apl-ΩZv(-k) dkq-em-sW∂v

A√m-lp-hns‚ hcnI \a-kvIm-c-Øn-∂mbn

hcnI hnP-b-Øn-∂mbn


A¿∞w:˛ (B-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ hn´p-sIm-≠v) ""A√mlp G‰hpw

hen-b-h-\m-Ip-∂p. Bcm-[-\-bv°¿l≥ A√mlph√msX a‰m-cp-

an-s√∂v Rm≥ km£yw hln-°p-∂p. apl-Ω-Zv(-k) A√m-lp-

hns‚ Xncp-Zq-X-\m-sW∂v Rm≥ km£yw hln-°p-∂p. \a-kvIm-

c-Øn\v hcn-I. hnP-b-Øn-\mbn hcn-I. A√mlp G‰hpw hen-b-

h-\m-Ip-∂p. Bcm-[-\-bv°¿l≥ A√m-lp-h-√msX a‰m-cp-an-√.''

F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ he-Øp-`m-KtØ°pw

F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ CS-Øp-`m-KtØ°pw

icocw Xncn-bmØ\n-e-bn¬ apJw Xncn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. kp_vln

_m¶n¬ "lø-A-e¬ emlv' F∂v c≠p-X-hW ]d-™-Xn-\p-tijw

(\-a -

kvImcw \nZ-tb-°mƒ DØ-a-am-Ip-∂p) F∂v c≠p-X-hW ]d-

tb-≠-Xm-Wv.

\a-kvImcw DØ-a-am-Ip∂p Dd-°-tØ-

°mƒ

tIƒ°p-∂-h¿ \o kXyw ]d™v, ]pWyw

sNbvXp F∂p ]d-tb-≠XmWv. _m¶p-hn-fn-°p∂ Bƒ°pw

hpkp thWw. _m¶v hnfn -°p-tºmƒ AtX-h-N-\-ßƒ

tIƒ°p∂ Bfpw ]Xps° G‰p-]-d-b-Ww. F∂m¬, "lø-A-e-

z-emlv' "lø Ae¬^-emlv' F∂v tIƒ°p-tºmƒ

Ignshm∂pan√ i‡n-bp-an√ A√m-

lp-hn-\-√msX al-Øz-ap-S-b-h-\mb


(Xn∑ h¿÷n-°m\pw \∑-bm¿÷n-°m\pap≈ Ignhpw

i‡nbpw A√m-lp-hn\√m-sX-bn√) F∂mWv ]d-tb-≠-Xv. _m¶p-

hn-fn-°p-∂-bmƒ°v Ad-_n-bn¬ "apA±n≥' F∂p ]d-bp-∂-p.

_m¶ns‚ ZpB

_m¶n-\p-tijw _m¶p-hn-fn® Bfpw AXv tI -bmfpw Xmsg

]d-bp∂ ZpB sNmt√-≠-Xm-Wv.

A√mlp DS-a-ÿ-\m-bp-≈-ht\

Cu hnfn-bpsS ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb \a-kvIm-c-Øn-

t‚bpw A\p-jvTn-°m≥ t]mIp∂ \evtI-Wta

apl-Ω-Zv(k)\v hko-eØv fo-eØpw

]Z-hnbpw D∂-X-amb At±-lsØ

\ntbm-Kn-t°-Wta ÿm\Øv kvXpXy¿l-amb

bmsXm∂v \o At±-l-tØmSv hmKvZm\w

sNbvX \n›bw \o ewLn-°p-∂-X√

hmKvZ-Øw.

(A√m-lp-th, Cu ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb hnfn-bp-tSbpw A\p-jvT-n-

°m≥ t]mIp∂ \a-kvIm-c-Øn-t‚bpw DS-a-ÿ-\m-bp-≈-ht\,

apl-Ω-Zv(-k) Xncp-ta-\n°v "hko-eØv' koeØv'* F∂o al¬

ÿm\-ßfpw D∂-X-]-Z-hnbpw \evtI-W-ta, \o hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-

* \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n°v amX-ap≈ c≠v ÿm\-ß-fm-Wn-h.


´p≈ kvXpXy¿l-amb ÿm-\Øv At±-lsØ \ntbm-Kn-t°-W-

ta. \o hmKvZØw ewLn-°p-∂-X-√.

CJm-aØv

\a-kvImcw XpS-ßm-dmbn F∂v Adn-bn-°p∂ hnfn-°mWv

"CJm-aØv' F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Camw \a-kvIm-c-ÿ-eØv h∂p-\n-

∂m¬ Bfp-Iƒ AWn-Iƒ t\sc-bm°n \nevt°-≠-Xm-Wv. AXv

\a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ ]cn-]q¿Æ-Xbv°v Bh-iy-a-sX. \_n(-k) Xncp-

ta\n k v p-Iƒ (A-Wn-Iƒ) icn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xns\ kw_-‘n®v

hfsc \njvI¿jn®p ]d-™n-´p-≠v. AWn-Iƒ icn-s∏´p Ign-

™m¬ _m¶p-hn-fn® Bƒ Cam-an\p t\sc ]n∂ntem k v ns‚

he-Xp-`m-KtØm\n∂pXs∂bmWv CJm-aØv sImSpt°-≠Xv.

_m¶p-hn-fn® BfpsS A\p-hm-Z-tØmsS as‰m-cmƒ CJmaØv

sImSp°p-∂-Xn\v hntcm-[-an-√.

CJm-aØv Xmsg ]d-bpw-]-Im-c-am-Wv.

\a-kvIm-c-

Øn¬\n∂p Ign™p F∂v tIƒ°p-tºmƒ

A√mlp CXns\ Fs∂∂pw \ne-\n-dp-Øp-Ibpw ÿnc-s∏-Sp-Øp-

Ibpw sNø-s´ F∂p ]d-tb-≠-Xm-Wv.

XpS-ßn-°-gn™p, \n∂p-I-gn™p \a-

kvImcw


\a-kvImc ka-b-ßƒ

\n¿∫-‘-\-a-kvImcw A©p-t\-c-am-Ip-∂p. Ah Xmsg ]d-

bp-∂-h-bm-Wv.

kp_vln, fplv¿, Akz-v¿, aKvcn_v, Cim-Av

^¿kp \a-kvIm-c-ßfn¬ Hmtcm-∂n\pw Hmtcm kabw \n›-

bn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. AXn\v aptº AXv \n¿∆-ln-°m≥ ]mSp-≈-X-

√. \n›nX kabw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xp-hsc AXv ]n¥n-°m\pw

]mSn-√.

1. ^Pvdv (kp-_vlv):˛ ]`mXw apX¬ kqtcym-Z-bw-h-sc. 2.

kplvdv:˛ kqcy≥ a≤ym-”-Øn¬\n∂v sX‰nbXp apX¬ Hmtcm

hkvXp-hns‚bpw \ng¬ AXns‚ Af-hn¬ BIp-∂-Xp-h-sc. CXv

kqcy≥ a≤ym-”-Øn¬ FØp-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ \ng-en\v ]pd-sa-

bm-Wv. 3. Akvdv:˛ kplvdv ka-bm-h-km\w apX¬ kqcy\v a™-

\ndw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xp-hsc. 4. aKvcn_v:˛ kqcym-kvX-abw apX¬ ]-

Sn-™m-d≥ NI-hm-f-Ønse ISpw-sNa∏v \oßp-∂-Xp-h-sc. 5. Cim-

Av:˛ ]kvXpX ISpw-sNa∏v \oßn-bXp apX¬ A¿≤-cm-Xn-h-sc.

Dd°w \nan-Øtam ad-∂nt´m \a-kvImcw \n¿∆-ln-°m≥

km[y-a-√m-sX- hcp∂Xm-bm¬ DW¿∂pSs\ As√-¶n¬ Hm¿Ω

h∂-p-Ss\ \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

\a-kvImcw hntcm-[n-°-s∏´ ka-b-ßƒ

kqcy≥ DZn-°p-tºmgpw AkvX-an-°ptºmgpw kqcy≥ a≤ym-

”-Øn¬ FØp-tºmgpw (Aev]w ]Sn-™m-dp-`m-K-Øv \oßp∂-

Xn∂v aptº) \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂Xv hntcm-[n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

A]Im-cw-Xs∂ Akzv¿ \a-kvIm-c-Øn-\p-tijw kqcym-kvX-abw

htc-bpw kp_vln \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v tijw kqtcym-Zbw htcbpw

\a-kvI-cn-°m-h-X-√.

\a-kvIm-c-Øn-s‚ dIv-A-Øp-Iƒ

^¿kv \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ:-˛ kp_vlv 2. kplv¿ 4. Akzv¿ 4.

aKvcn_v 3. Cim-Av 4.


kp∂Øv \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ:- kp_vln \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v aptº

c≠v dIv-A-Øv. kplv¿ \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v aptº ct≠m \mtem

dIv-AØv tijhpw c≠v dIv-A-Øv. aKvcn_v \a-kvI-cm-Øn-\p-

tijw c≠v dIv-AØv CimAv \a-kvIm-c-Øn-\p-tijw c≠v

dIv-A-Øv. Akzv¿ \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v aptºm ]ntºm kp∂-Øp-I-fn-√.

CimDw AXns‚ kp∂Øpw \a-kvI-cn-®-Xn-\p-tijw aq∂v

dIv-AØv hnXv¿ \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬, Xl÷pZv \a-

kvI-cn-°p-∂-h¿°v hnXv¿ \a-kvImcw Xl÷p-Zn-\p- ti-j-amWv

DØ-aw.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. _m¶p hnfn-°p-∂-bmƒ FhnsS \n∂p-sIm-≠mWv hnfn-t°-

≠Xv?

2. lø Ae zem-Øv, lø Ae¬ emlv F∂p ]dbp-tºmƒ

F¥mWv ]d-tb-≠Xv?

3. A z-emØpJbvdp-an-\∂uw F∂p tIƒ°p-tºmƒ F¥mWv

]d-tb-≠Xv?

4. _m¶n-\p-ti-j-ap≈ ]m¿∞\ F¥v?

5. _m¶pw CJm-aØpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-k-sa¥v?

6. _m¶v hnfn-°p-∂-bmƒ°v Ad-_n-bn¬ ]d-bp∂ t]sc¥v?

7. JZvJmaØn z-emØv F∂v tIƒ°p-tºmƒ ]d-tb-≠-sX¥v?

8. A©p-\-a-kvIm-c-Ø-ns‚ t]sc-gp-Xp-I.

9. A©p-t\c \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ kabw hnh-cn-°pI?

10. \a-kvImcw hntcm-[n-°-s∏´ ka-b-ßƒ GsX√mw?

11. Hmtcm \akvIm-c-Øn-tebpw dIv-A-Øp-Iƒ FX?

****


]mTw˛ 4

\a-kvImc Iaw

\a-kvI-cn-°m≥ Hcp-ßn-bm¬ IA-v_sb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-®p-

\n∂v "A√mlp AIv_¿' (X-Iv_o-d-Øp¬ Clvdmw) F∂v sNm√n-

s°m≠v c≠v ssI∏-S-ßfpw hnc-ep-Iƒ sNhn-Iƒ°p-t\sc

BIp-am-dv, Db¿Øp-Ibpw ]n∂oSv Ah XmgvØn hesØssI

CS-sØ-ssIbpsS tase-bmbn s\©n-\pw s]m°n-fn-\p-an-Sbn¬

sh°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

A\-¥cw ZpB-D¬ C^vXn-Xmlv (]m-cw` ]m¿∞-\)bmb

h÷-lØp HmXpI.


Rm≥ Xncn-®n-cn-°p-∂p Fs‚ apJsØ

BIm-i-ß-sfbpw `qan-sbbpw

kr„n® A√m-lp-hn-te°v GI-ssZh hnizm-kn-bm-bn-

s°m≠v Rm≥ A√ _lp-ssZh

hnizm-kn-I-fn¬s∏- -h≥

BIm-i-ß-sfbpw `qan-sbbpw kr„n® A√m-lp-hn-te°v GI-

ssZh hnizm-kn-bm-bn-s°m≠v Rm≥ Fs‚ apJsØ Xncn-®n-cn-

°p-∂p. Rm≥ _lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-I-fn¬s∏-´-h-\-√.

kvXpXn-h-N\w

Rm≥ \ns‚ ]cn-ip-≤-nsb hmgvØp∂p

A√m-lpth \ns∂ kvXpXn-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w

A\p-Kr-lo-X-am-Ip∂p \ns‚ \maw

AXyp-∂-X-am-Ip∂p \ns‚ alXzw Bcm-

[\bv°¿l\m-cp-an√ \ob-√m-sX.

A¿∞w:˛ ""A√m-lpth \ns∂ kvXpXn-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w

\ns‚ ]cn-ip-≤nsb Rm≥ hmgvØp-∂p. \ns‚ \maw A\p-Kr-lo-

X-am-Ip-∂p. \ns‚ alXzw AXyp-∂-X-am-Ip-∂p. \ob-√msX Bcm-


[-\-bv°¿l≥ a‰m-cp-an-√.''

XpS¿∂v

Rm≥ c£tXSp∂p A√m-lp-hn -t\mSv

ibvXzm-\n¬\n∂v i]n-°-s∏´

i]n-°-s∏´ ]nim-Nns‚ D]-Z-h-Øn¬\n∂v A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv

Rm≥ c£ tXSp∂p F∂v sNm√n kqd-Øp¬ ^mØnl HmXp-

I. AXn-]-Im-c-am-Wv.

Bao≥


\ma-Øn¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ ]c-a-Im-cp-

Wn-I≥ Icp-Wm-a-b≥ F√m kvXpXnbpw

A√m-lp-hn-∂m-Ip∂p ]cn-]m-e-I≥ k¿h-tem-

I-Øn-t‚bpw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I≥ Icp-Wm-a-

b≥ A[n-Imcn \mfns‚ c£m-in£

\ns∂-amXw Rßƒ Bcm-[n-°p∂p \nt∂m-Sp-

amXw Rßƒ klmbw At]£n°p∂p \o

Rßsf \S-tØ-Wta am¿§-Øn¬ sNm∆mb

am¿§w bmsXm-cp-h-cpsS \o A\p-K-

ln®p Ah-cpsS A√ tIm]n-°-s∏´

Ah-cpsS hgn-]n-g-®-h-cp-tS-bp-a-√.

A¿∞w:˛ ""]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-ab\p-amb A√m-lp-

hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ Rm≥ Bcw- n-°p-∂p. F√m kvXpXnbpw k¿∆-

temI ]cn-]m-e-I-\mb A√m-lp-hn-∂m-Ip-∂p. ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw

Icp-Wm-ab\pw. c£m-in-£-bpsS \m-fns‚ A[n-Imcn. \ns∂

amXw Rßƒ Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw \nt∂m-Sp-amXw Rßƒ klm-

b-Øn-∂-t]-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. \o Rßsf sNm∆mb am¿§-

Øn¬ \S-tØ-W-ta. (A-Xm-b-Xv) \o A\p-K-ln-®-h-cpsS am¿§-

Øn¬; tIm]n°s∏- -h-cp-tStbm hgn-]n-g-®-h-cp-tStbm am¿§-Øn-

e-√.''

kqd-Øp¬ ^mØnl HmXn-b-Xn-\p-tijw "Bao≥' (Cu

]m¿∞\ kzoI-cn-t°-W-ta) F∂v sNm√p-I. A\-¥cw Jp¿-B-

\nse GsX-¶nepw kqdtØm As√-¶n¬ GXm\pw Bb-Øp-

Itfm HmXp-I. ]ns∂ "A√mlp AIv_¿' F∂v sNm√ns°m≠v

dp-Iq-A-v sNøp-I. c≠v ssIIfpw Imens‚ ap´p-I-fn¬ FØp-

thmfw Ip\n™v hnc-ep-Iƒ hnS¿Øn apń¬h-®p-sIm≠v

Ip\n™p\n-ev°p-∂-Xn-∂mWv "dpIqAv' F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv.


dpIq-C¬

]cn-ip-≤nsb hmgvØp∂p Fs‚ c£n-

Xmhns‚ al-Xz-ap-S-b-h-\mb

(a-lØzap-S-bh-\mb Fs‚ c£n-Xm-hns‚ ]cn-ip-≤nsb

Rm≥ hmgvØp-∂p) F∂v aq∂p-]m-hiytam As√-¶n¬ AXn-e-[nIw

H‰ FÆ-ß-fmtbm sNm√p-I. ]ns∂

tIƒ°p-am-dm-Is´ A√mlp bmsXm-cp-

h≥ Ahs\ kvXpXn®p.

(A-√m-lp-hns\ kvXpXn-®-hs‚ kvXpXn Ah≥ tIƒ°pam-

dmIs´) F∂v sNm√n-s°m≠v dpIqC¬\n∂v \nh¿∂p \nev°pI.

ASpØ NnX-Øn¬ ImWp-∂-Xp-t]m-se.


Cßs\ dpIq-C¬\n∂v \nh¿∂v t\sc \n¬°p-∂-Xn\v

"CAvXn -Zm¬' F∂v ]d -bp -∂p. "CAvXn -Zm -en '¬

Rß-fpsS \mYm \n\-°m-Ip∂p k¿∆-

kvXp-Xnbpw kvXpXn A[n-I-a-[n-I-amb ]cn-

ip-≤-amb A\p-Kr-lo-X-amb AXn¬

(R-ß-fpsS \mYm, G‰hpw ]cn-ip-≤hpw A\p-Kr-lo-X-hp-

amb F√m kvXpXnbpw \n\-°m-Ip-∂p) F∂v sNm√p-I. ]ns∂

"A√mlp AIv_¿' F∂v sNm√n-s°m≠v kpPqZv (km-„mw-Kw)

sNøp-I.

ASpØ NnX-Øn¬ ImWp-∂-Xp-t]mse


kpPqZv sNøp-tºmƒ BZyw Im¬ap-´p-Ifpw ]n∂oSv c≠v

ssI∏-S-ßfpw s\‰nbpw aq°pw \neØv ]Xn-tb-≠-Xm-Wv. ]mZw

c≠pw \neØv IpØn-sh-°p-I-bpw Ah-bpsS hnc-ep-Iƒ Jn_ve-

bpsSt\sc Bbn-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw. Xe, c≠v ssIbv°n-S-

bnepw c≠v ssIbpw ]m¿iz-ß-fn¬\n∂v thdn´pw Ccn-t°-≠-

Xm-Wv. kpPq-Zn¬

]cn-ip-≤nsb Rm≥ hmgvØp∂p Fs‚ c£n-

Xmhns‚ AXyp-∂-X-\m-b.


(A-Xyp-∂-X-\mb Fs‚ c£n-Xm-hns‚ ]cn-ip-≤nsb Rm≥

hmgvØp-∂p) F∂v aq∂v ]mh-iytam As√-¶n¬ AXn-e-[nIw

H‰ FÆ-ß-fmtbm sNm√p-I. AXn-\p-]p-dsa thsd h√ ZpBbpw

sNøm-\mKln-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXv Ad-_n-`m-j-bntem kz¥w

`mj-bntem sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. dpIq-Cepw kpPq-Znepw Jp¿-B-

\nse Bb-Øp-Iƒ HmXm≥ ]mSp-≈-X-√. ImcWw ssZhn-I-h-

N\w al-ØzsØ BK-ln-°p-∂p. dpIqDw kpPqZpw a\p-jys‚

Xmgva-sb-bmWv ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. kpPq-Zn¬\n-∂v, A√mlp AIv_¿

F∂v sNm√n-s°m≠v Xe-bp-b¿Øn c≠pssIbpw apń-t∑¬h®

\ne-bn¬ Ccn-°p-I. CXn\v "JAZ' CS-bn-en-cpØw F∂p ]d-bp-

∂p; Xmsg ImWp-∂-Xp-t]m-se.

A\-¥cw

F∂p sNm√p-I.


A√m-lpth \o F\n°p s]mdp-Øp-X-tc-

Wta Ft∂mSv IcpW ImWn-t°-Wta

\o Fs∂ t\¿am¿§-Øn¬ \S-tØ-Wta F\n°v

kuJyw \evtI-Wta Fs‚ \yq\-X-Isf ]cn-l-

cn®p Xtc-Wta F\n°p Blmcw \evtI-W-ta

Fs∂ Db¿tØ-Wta

(A-√m-lp-th, \o F\n°v s]mdp-Øp-X-tc-W-ta, Ft∂mSv

IcpW Im-Wnt°-W-ta, Fs∂ t\¿am¿§-Øn¬ \S-tØ-W-ta,

F\n°v kuJyw \evtI-W-ta, Fs‚ \yq\-X-Isf ]cn-l-cn®v

Xtc-W-ta, F\n°v Blmcw \evtI-W-ta, Fs∂ Db¿tØ-W-

ta) F∂ ZpB sNm√p-I. XpS¿∂v "A√mlp AIv_¿' F∂v

sNm√n-s°m≠v ho≠pw kpPqZv sNøp-I. AXnepw BZysØ

kpPq-Zn¬ sNm√n-b-Xp-t]mse

F∂v aqt∂m AXn¬ IqSp-X¬

H‰ FÆ-ß-fmtbm sNm√p-I. ]ns∂ "A√mlp AIv_¿' F∂v

sNm√n-s°m≠v Fgp-t∂‰p \nev°p-I. A\-¥cw "kvXpXn-h-N-

\'hpw, "ADu-Zp'hpw Hgn®v as‰√mw H∂m-asØ dIv-A-Øn¬

sNm√n-b-Xp-t]mse sNm√n-b-tijw dpIq-Dw, CA-vXn-Zm-epw, c≠v

kpPqZpw \n¿∆-ln-°p-I. C]m-hiyw c≠m-asØ kpPq-Zn-\p-

tijw Ahn-S-Øs∂ Ccn-°p-Ibpw c≠v ssIbpw Imevap-´p-I-

fn¬ sh°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. ssIhn-c-ep-Iƒ \nh¿Øn Jn_ve-

bpsSt\sc sht°-≠-Xm-Wv. hesØ Imevhn-c-ep-Iƒ Jn_ve-

bp-sS-t\sc hc-Ø-°-hÆw IpØn-sh-°p-Ibpw CS-sØ-Im¬

InS-Øn-sh®v AXn-t∑¬ Ccn-°p-Ibpw thWw. CXn\v "C^vXn-

dm-in's‚ CcpØw F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. ]n∂oSv "AØ-ln-ømØp'

HmXp-I. AXn-]-Im-c-amWv:


F√m ImWn-bv°-Ifpw A√m-lp-hn-∂m-Ip∂p

F√m ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw F√m ]cn-ip-≤-

I¿Ω-ßfpw c£-bp-w kam-[m-\-hpap≠m-hs´

Atßbv°v A√tbm \_ntb Imcp-Wyhpw

A√m-lp-hns‚ Ahs‚ A\p-K-l-ßfpw

c£bp-w kam-[m-\-hpap≠m-hs´ Rß-fp-sS-ta¬

Zmk-cp-sS-taepw A√m-lp-hns‚

k÷-\-ß-fmb Rm≥ km£yw hln-°p∂p

Bcm-[\bv°¿l-\mcpan-s√∂v A√m-lp-h-√msX

Rm≥ km£yw hln-°p∂p \n›-b-w apl-

ΩZv(k) Ahs‚ Zmk-\mWv Ahs‚ dkq-ep-

am-Ip-∂p.

A¿∞w:˛ ""F√m ImWnbv-°Ifpw F√m ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw

F√m ]cnip≤-I¿Ω-ßfpw A√m-lp-hn-∂m-Ip-∂p. \_n-tb, c£-

bpw kam-[m-\hpw A√m-lp-hns‚ Imcp-Wyhpw Ahs‚ A\p-


K-l-ßfpw Atßbv°v D≠m-I-s´. c£bpw kam-[m-\hpw

Rßƒ°pw A√m-lp-hns‚ k÷-\-ß-fmb Zmk-∑m¿°pw

D≠m-I-s´. Bcm-[-\-bv°¿l≥ A√m-lp-h-√msX a‰m-cp-an-s√∂v

Rm≥ km£yw hln-°p-∂p. apl-Ω-Zv(-k) A√m-l-phns‚

Zmk\pw ZqX-\p-am-sW∂pw Rm≥ km£yw hln-°p-∂p.

AØ-ln-ømØp HmXp-tºmƒ AivlZp A√m Ceml C√-

√mlp F∂ ÿe-sØ-Øn-bm¬ hesØ ssIbpsS Nq≠p-hn-

c¬ s]mt°-≠-Xm-Wv. NnXw i≤n-°p-I.

AØ-ln-øm-Øn-\p-tijw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-sS-ta¬ kzemØv

sNmt√≠XmWv. AXn-]-Im-c-am-Wv.


A√m-lp-th, khn-tij ImcpWyw \evtI-Wta

apl-ΩZv \_n(-k)°v apl-Ω-Zv(-k)s‚

IpSpw-_m-Zn-Iƒ°pw \o khn-tij ImcpWyw \evInb-

Xp-t]mse C_vdmlow \_n°v

C_vdmlow \_n-bpsS IpSpw-_m-Zn-Iƒ°pw \n›-b-ambpw

\o kvXpXn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥ al-Xz-ap-S-b-h≥.

A√m-lp-th, Af-h‰ A\p-Klw \evtI-Wta

apl-ΩZv \_n(-k)°v apl-Ω-Zv(-k)s‚

IpSpw-_m-Zn-Iƒ°pw \o A\p-Klw \evInbXp-

t]mse C_vdmlow \_n°v

C_vdmlow \_n-bpsS IpSpw-_m-Zn-Iƒ°pw \n›-b-ambpw

\o kvXpXn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥ al-Xz-ap-S-b-h≥.

A¿∞w:˛ ""A√m-lp-th, apl-Ω-Zv(-k) Xncp-ta-\n°pw At±-

l-Øns‚ IpSpw-_-mZnIƒ°pw \o khn-tijImcpWyw \evtI-

W-ta. C_vdmlow \_n°pw At±-l-Øns‚ IpSpw-_mZnIƒ°pw

\o khn-ti-j-Im-cpWyw \evInb-Xp-t]m-se. Xo¿®-bmbpw \o

kvXpXn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h\pw al-Øz-apSbh\pw BIp-∂p. A√m-lp-

th, apl-Ω-Zv( -k) Xncp-ta-\n°pw At±-l-Øns‚ IpSpw-

_mZnIƒ°pw \o Af-h‰ A\p-Klw \evtI-W-ta. C_vdmlow

\_n°pw At±--l-Øns‚ IpSpw-_-mZnIƒ°pw \o Af-h‰ A\p-

Klw \evIn-b-Xp-t]m-se. Xo¿®-bmbpw \o kvXpXn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-

h\pw al-Øz-apSb-h-\p-am-Ip-∂p.''


CXn-\p-tijw Jp¿-B-\ntem lZo-kntem h∂n-´p≈ ZpB-

Itfm As√-¶n¬ C„-ap≈ at‰-sX-¶nepw ZpB-Itfm sNm√p-I.

DZm-l-c-Ww.

Rß-fpsS \mYm Rßƒ°p \o Xtc-Wta

Cu temI-Øn¬ \∑ ]c-tem-I-Ønepw

\∑ Rßsf ImØp-c-£n-t°-Wta in£-

bn¬\n∂v Xobp-sS.

A¿∞w: ""Rß-fpsS \mYm! Rßƒ°v Cu temIØv \∑

Xtc-W-ta, ]c-tem-IØpw \∑ Xtc-W-ta, Rßsf XobpsS -in-

£-bn¬\n∂v ImØpc£n-t°-W-ta.''

Fs‚ \mYm \o Fs∂ Bt°Wta

\ne-\n-dp-Øp-∂-h≥ \a-kvImcw Fs‚ k¥m-

\-ß-tfbpw Rß-fpsS \mYm kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNtø-Wta ]m¿∞\ Rß-fpsS \mYm! \o

F\n°p s]mdp-Øp-X-tc-Wta Fs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-

°ƒ°pw F√m kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°pw \mfn¬

\ndp-Øp∂ IW-s°-Sp-∏n-\m-bn.

A¿∞w: ""Fs‚ \mYm, Ft∂bpw Fs‚ k¥m-\-ß-tfbpw

\a-kvIm-csØ \ne-\n-dp-Øp-∂-h-cm-t°-W-ta, Rß-fpsS \mYm


Fs‚ ]m¿∞\ \o kzoI-cn-°pIbpw sNtø-Wta. Rß-fpsS

\mYm! F\n°pw Fs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°pw F√m kXy-hn-

izm-kn-Iƒ°pw IW-s°-Sp-∏n-\mbn \ndp-Øp-∂- \m-fn¬ \o s]mdp-

Øp-X-tc-W-ta.'' ZpB°v tijw

he-Øp -`m -KtØ°v apJw Xncn -®p -sIm≠v

kam-[m-\-ap-≠m-hs´ \nß-fp-sS-ta¬

Imcp-Wyhpw A√m-lp-hns‚.

(k-am-[m-\hpw A√m-lp-hns‚ Imcp-Wyhpw \nßfpsStaep-

≠m-I-s´) F∂v sNm√p-I. XpS¿∂v CS-Øp-`m-KtØ°v apJw

Xncn-®p-sIm≠v F∂v ho≠pw

sNm√n \a-kvImcw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-I.


^¿kv \a-kvImcw aqt∂m \mtem dIv-A-Øv D≈-Xm-sW-

¶n¬ c≠m-asØ dIv-A-Øn-\p-tijw AØ-ln-ømØp amXw

HmXn Fgp-t∂-‰p-\n∂v _m°n-bp≈ Ht∂m ct≠m dIv-A-Øv-

IqSn \a-kvI-cn®v ]q¿Øn-bm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Cu aq∂m-a-tØbpw

\mem-a-tØbpw dIv-A-Øp-I-fn¬ kqd-Øp¬ mØnl amXta

HmtX-≠-Xp-≈q. F∂m¬, hnXvdv \a-kvIm-c-Ønepw kp∂Øv

\a-kvIm-c-ß-fnepw aq∂m-a-tØbpw \mem-a-tØbpw dIv-A-Øp-

I-fnepw ^mØn-lmbv°v tijw Hcp kqdtØm As√-¶n¬

GXm\pw Bb-Øp-Itfm HmtX-≠-Xm-Wv.

^¿kv \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ°v tij-ap≈ ZpB

^¿kv \a-kvIm-c-ß-fn¬\n∂v hnc-an®pSs\ Cßs\

]m¿∞n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

A√m-lpth \obm-Ip∂p c£m-k-

t¶Xw \n∂n¬\n∂v D≠m-Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂p

c£ \n∂n-te°v aS-ßp-Ibpw sNøp∂p

c£ \o A\p - K -l-ap -S -b -h -\m -Ip∂p

Rß-fpsS \mYm \o AXyp-∂-X-\p-am-Ip∂p

alnX]Xm-]ap≈h-t\ BZ-c-apS-bh-t\.

(A√m-lp-th, \o c£m-k-t¶-X-am-Ip-∂p, c£ \n∂n¬\n-

∂p-≠m-hpIbpw sNøp-∂p. AXv \n∂n-te°v aS-ßp-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. aln-X-]-Xm-]-hpw BZ-c-hpap≈-h-\mb Rß-fpsS \mYm!

\o A\p-K-l-ap-S-b-h\pw AXyp-∂-X-\p-am-Ip-∂p). A\-¥cw


"kp_vlm-\-√mlv' (A-√mlp ]cn-ip-≤≥) F∂v 33 ]mhiyhpw

"A¬lw-Zp-en-√mlv' (k¿∆-kvXp-Xnbpw A√m-lp-hn-∂m-Ip-∂p)

F∂v 33 ]mh-iyhpw "A√mlp AIv_¿' (A-√mlp G‰hpw

hen-bh≥) F∂v 34 ]mh-iyhpw sNm√n kam-[m-\-tØmsS Fgp-

t∂-evt°-≠-XmWv.

(kzem-Øp¬ Pam-AØn)

kwLw tN¿∂p-sIm-≠p≈ \a-kvImcw

H∂n-e-[nIw Bfp-Iƒ Hcp-an-®p-tN¿∂v \akvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-

\mWv "kzem-Øp¬ PamA' F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Ipd-™-]£w

Hcp Camapw Hcp aAv-aqapw F¶nepw D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

A©p-t\-chpw ¿kv \a-kvIm-c-w Pam-A-Øm-bn- mWv \n¿∆-ln-

t°-≠-Xv. Pam-A-Øm-bp≈ \a-kvImcw X\nsb \a-kvI-cn-°p-

∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ 27 aSßv ]pWy-I-c-am-sW∂v \_n(-k) ]d™n-

´p≠v. ¿kv \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ Pam-A-Øm-bn-Øs∂ \n¿∆-ln-t°-

≠-Xm-sW∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) \njvI¿jn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Pam-A-

Øm-bp≈ \a-kvIm-c-Øn\p sN∂p-tN-cm-Ø-h-sc-∏‰n \_n(-k)

Xnc-pta\n ITn-\-amb Aa¿jw ]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]tXyIn-®v,

kp_vln, CimAv F∂o \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ Pam-A-Ømbn \n¿∆-

ln-°m-Ø-hsc AXn-I-Tn-\-ambn Xm°oXv sNbvXn-´p≠v.

Pam-A-Øm-bp≈ \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ Iaw C]-Im-c-amWv:

Camw \a-kvI-cn-°m≥ h∂p-\n-∂m¬ apJvXZn (]n-∂n-ep-≈-h¿)

kz v p-Iƒ (A-WnIƒ) icn-s∏-Sp-Øn- \nev°p-I. AXn-\p-tijw

Cam-ans‚ A\p-hm-Z-tØmsS _m¶v sImSp-Ø-bmƒ CJm-aØv

sImSp-°p-I. Camw "A√mlp AIv_¿' F∂p sNm√n ssIsI-

ń-bm¬ ]n∂n-ep-≈-hcpw ]Xps° "A√mlp AIv_¿' F∂p

sNm√n ssIsI-´p-I. A\-¥cw "h÷-lØv ' "kp_vlm-\-I-√m-

lpΩ' "ADuZp ' "_nkvan' F∂nh HmXp-I. Camw kqdØp¬

^mØnl HmXp-tºmƒ ]n∂n-ep-≈-hcpw Caman-t\m-sSm∏w kqd-

Øp¬ mØnl ]Xps° HmXp-I. Camw Jp¿-B≥ HmXp-tºmƒ

]n∂n-ep-≈-h¿ \n»–w AXv i≤n-®p-tIƒ-°p-I. Camw XIv_o¿


sNm√n dpI-qC¬ t]mbm¬ ]n∂n-ep-≈-hcpw XIv_o¿ sNm√n

dpIq-C¬ t]mIp-Ibpw F∂v sNm√p-Ibpw

sNøp-I. Camw F∂p sNm√n dpIq-

C¬\n∂v Db¿∂p t\sc-\n-∂m¬ ]n∂n-ep-≈-hcpw dpIq-C¬\n∂v

Db¿∂v t\sc -\n∂v

F∂v sNm√p-

I. Camw XIv_o¿ sNm√n kpPq-Zn-te°v t]mbn°-gn-™m¬ ]n∂n-

ep-≈-hcpw XIv_o¿ sNm√n kpPq-Zn -te°v t]mIp -Ibpw

F∂v sNm√p-Ibpw sNøp-I. Camw

XIv_o¿ sNm√n kpPq-Zn¬\n∂v Fgp-t∂-‰n-cp-∂m¬ ]n∂n-ep-≈-

hcpw Fgp-t∂-‰n-cp∂v Ccp-Ø-Øn¬ sNmt√≠ ZpB sNm√p-I.

C]-Imcw \a-kvI-mc-Ønse _m°n mKhpw Cam-ans\ XpS¿∂p-

sIm≠v ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-I. Camw kemw hoń-bm¬ ]n∂n-ep-≈-

hcpw kemw hoń \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬\n∂pw hnc-an-°p-I.

\a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ adhn kw`hn-°p-Ibpw Camw klvhns‚

(a-d-hn-bp-sS) kpPqZv sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-bm¬ ]n∂n-ep-≈-

hcpw klvhns‚ kpPqZv sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. Camw AXv sNbvXn-

ń-s√-¶n¬ ]n∂n-ep-≈-hcpw sNtø-≠-Xn-√.

Hcmƒ Pam-AØv \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ ]n¥n-h-∂p-tN¿∂m¬

Abmƒ Camw c≠pkemapw hoń-b-Xn-\p-tijw Fgp-t∂-‰p-\n∂v

_m°n dIv-A-Øp-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm°n \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

GsX-¶nepw Hcp dIv-A-Øns‚ dpIq-C¬ Cam-ant\m-sSm∏w h∂p-

tN-cp-∂-Xm-bm¬ B dIv-AØv apgp-h\pw Inń-b-Xmbn KWn-°mw.

Cam-ambn \ndp-tØ-≠-Xmsc?

IqSp-X¬ aX-hn-⁄m-\-ap≈ Hcmsf Cam-ambn \n›-bn-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv. hn⁄m-\-Øn¬ F√m-hcpw ka-∑m-cm-sW-¶n¬ G‰hpw

\∂mbn Jp¿-B≥ HmXm-\-dn-bp∂ Hcmsf \n›-bn-°-Ww.


Jp¿B≥ ]mcm-b-W-Ønepw F√m-hcpw ka-∑m-cm-sW-¶n¬ IqSp-

X¬ ‡-\mb Hcmsf Cam-ambn \n›-bn-°-Ww. AXnepw F√m-

hcpw Xpey-cm-sW-¶n¬ IqSp-X¬ ]mb-ap≈ Bsf Cam-am-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv.

Nne ][m\ Imcy-ßƒ

kplv¿, Akzv¿ F∂o \a-kvIm-c-ß-fnepw aKvcn_v \a-kvIm-

c-Øn¬ aq∂m-asØ dIv-A-Ønepw Cim-Av \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ Ah-

km-\sØ c≠v dIv-A-Ønepw Camw ^mØn-lbpw kqdØpw

]Xps° HmX-Ww. kp_vln \a-kvIm-c-Ønepw aKvcn-_v, Cim-

Av F∂o \a-kvIm-c-ßfn¬ BZysØ c≠v dIv-A-Ønepw Camw

D®-Øn¬ HmX-Ww. PpapA \a-kvIm-c-Ønepw s]cp-∂mƒ \a-

kvIm-c-ß-fnepw agsb tXSn-bp≈ \a-kvIm-c-Ønepw Camw D®-

Øn¬Xs∂ HmtX-≠-Xm-Wv.

Camw D®-Øn¬ HmXp-tºmƒ ]n∂n¬ \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-h¿

AXv i≤n-®p-tI-ƒt-°≠XmWv. F∂m¬, ]n∂n-ep-≈-hcpw Cam-

ans‚ IqsS ^mØnl ]Xps° HmXp-I-X-s∂-th-Ww.

Camw \a-kvImcw \oń \-a-kvI-cn-°-cp-Xv. Fs¥-∂m¬,

]n∂n¬ Ipń-Ifpw, hr≤-∑mcpw, kvXoI-fpw, tcmKn-Ifpw, _e-

lo-\cpw, [ndpXn-bn¬ t]mtI-≠-Xp-≈-hcpw \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂p-≠m-

bn-cn-°pw.

Hcmƒ amX-amWv "apJvX-Zn'sb¶n¬ Abmƒ Cam-ans‚ he-

Øp- m-KØv \nev°-Ww. thsd HcmƒIqSn h∂p-tN¿∂m¬ Camw

aptºm´p Ib-dn-\nev°p-Itbm As√-¶n¬ apJvX-Zn-Iƒ Cam-ans‚

]n∂n-te°v amdn-\n-ev°p-Itbm sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv.

Camw h√Xpw ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-]£w apJvX-Zn-Iƒ Camw

tIƒ°p-amdv "kp_vlm-\-√mlv' F∂v sNmt√-≠-Xm-Wv. h√

Bb-Øp-amWv ad-∂-sX-¶n¬ apJvX-Zn-Iƒ AXv ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-

°-Ww. ]pcp-j-∑m¿°v kvXoIƒ Cam-am-bn-cn-°m≥ ]mSp-≈-X-


√. kvXoIƒ°v kvXoIƒ Cam-ambn \nev°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Hcp

Cam-ans\ Bfp-Iƒ C„-s∏-Sm-Ø-]£w Abmƒ Cam-ambn

\nev°-cp-Xv.

"aIvdq-lmØv ' AXr-]vXn-I-c-amb Imcy-ßƒ

Xe-a-d-bv°msX \a-kvI-cn-°p-I, \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ CStØm

he-tØm, apI-fntem t\m°p-I, A\m-h-iy-amb Npa-bv°p-I,

\a-kvIm-c-Øn¬\n∂v i≤-b-I-ep-amdv ae-aq-X-hn-k¿÷\w

]nSn®p\ndpØn-s°m≠v \a-kvI-cn-°p-I, tIm´p-hm-bn-Sp-I, aqcn-

\n-h-cp-I, s\‰n-bn¬ aÆv ]‰n-bm¬ AXv XpS-®p-I-f-bp-I, hkvX-

Øn¬ aÆv ]‰m-Xn-cn-°m≥th≠n AXv Npcp-ń-°q-´p-I-tbm,

s]m°n-∏n-Sn-°p-I-tbm -sN-øp-I, hnc-ep-I-fpsS sIs´m-Sn-°p-I,

kpPq-Zn¬ c≠v ssIØ-≠-Ifpw (\mbv°-sf-t∏mse) \neØv

tN¿Øp-sh-°p-I, XpS-Iƒ ]≈-tbmSv tN¿Øp-sh-°pI Ch-

sb-√mw \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ aIvdqlv (sh-dp-°-s∏-´) Imcy-ß-fm-Ip-

∂p. dpIqDw kpPqZpw Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ F√m Imcyhpw Cam-an\v

aptº sNøp-∂Xv hntcm-[n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. \a-kvIm-c-w A\pjvTnt°≠sXßs\?

2. h÷lØns‚ A¿∞sagp-Xp-I.

3. kvXpXnhN\w A¿∞sagp-Xp-I.

4. kqdx-^m-Øn-l-bpsS A¿∞sagpXp-I.

5. dpIq-C¬ sNmt√≠ hN-\-taXv?

6. CA-vXn-Zm¬ F∂m¬ F¥v?

7. CA-vXn-Zmen¬ sNm√p∂ ]m¿∞\ GXv?

8. kpPqZv sNtø≠ coXn hnhcn°pI?

9. kpPq-Zn¬ sNm√p∂ ]m¿∞-\ F¥v?


10. dpIq-Cepw kpPq-Znepw Jp¿-B≥ hN\w HmXm≥ ]mSn-√.

F¥p-sIm≠v?

11. "AØ-ln-ømØp' ]q¿Æ-ambpw Fgp-XpI?

12. \_n(-k)-bp-sS-ta-ep≈ kzemØv A¿∞-tØmsS Fgp-XpI?

13. "AØ-ln-ø-Øn¬' kzem-Øn\ptijw sNm√p∂ ZpB

A¿∞-tØmsS Fgp-XpI?

14. \a-kvIm-c-Øn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ ZpB F¥v?

15. kzem-Øp¬ PamA F∂m¬ F¥v?

16. "apA±n≥' F∂v BscbmWv ]d-bp-∂Xv?

17. GXp Iq´scbmWv \_n-(k) AXn-I-Tn-\-ambn Xm°oXp

sNbvXXv?

18. Camw mØnl HmXp-tºmƒ ]n∂n-ep-≈-h¿ sNtø-≠-sX¥v?

19. Bsc-bmWv Cam-am-t°-≠Xv?

20. Camw \oń \a-kvI-cn-∏n-°-cpXv F∂v ]d-bm≥ Imc-W-sa¥v?

21. GsX-¶nepw Imcyw Camw ad-∂m¬, ]n∂n¬ \nev°p-∂-h¿

F¥p sNøWw?

22. \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ AXr-]vXn-I-c-amb Imcy-ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

****


]mTw˛ 5

a‰p-Nne \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ

hnXvdv \a-kvIm-cw-

hnXvdv \a-kvImcw hfsc ][m-\-s∏´ Hcp \a-kvIm-c-am-Ip-

∂p. bmX-bn¬t]mepw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) AXp-t]-£n-®n-cp-∂n-

√. AXv aq∂v dIv-A-Øm-Ip-∂p. aq∂pw Hcp-an-t®m, As√-¶n¬

c≠v dIv-A-Øv \a-kvI-cn-®p -kemw hoń-b-tijw aq∂m-asØ

dIv-AØv ]tXy-I-amtbm \a-kvI-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. hnXvdns‚

aq∂m-asØ dIv-A-Øn¬ dpIq-C∂v aptºtbm As√-¶n¬ dpIq-

C-\p-tijw CAv-Xn-Zm-entem "Jp\qØv' HmtX≠-Xm-Wv. AXn-

]ImcamIp∂p:-˛

A√m-lpth \nt∂mSp Rßƒ klmbw

bmNn-°p∂p Rßƒ s]mdp-°-ens\ tXSp-Ibpw

sNøp∂p Rßƒ \n∂n¬ hniz -kn -°p∂p

Rßƒ \ns∂ Bi-b-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p


Rßƒ ]Io¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p \ns‚

\∑-Isf \n\°v \µn ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sN-

øp∂p \nt∂mSv Rßƒ \µntISp ImWn-°p-∂n√

Rßƒ hn´p-\n-ev°p∂p Rßƒ Dt]-£n-°p-

Ibpw sNøp∂p \ns∂ A\p-k-cn-°m-Ø-hcn¬

\n∂v A√m-lpth \ns∂ amXw Rßƒ

Bcm-[n-°p∂p \n\-°m-bn-amXw Rßƒ \a-kvI-

cn-°p∂p \ns∂ ]cn-]q¿Æ-ambn A\p-k-cn°p∂p

\n∂n-te°v HmSn-h-cn-Ibpw sNøp∂p Rßƒ

thKw ImWn-°p∂p Rßƒ ]-Xo-£n-°p∂p

\ns‚ ImcpWyw Rßƒ `b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂p

\ns‚ in£sb Xo¿®-bmbpw \ns‚ in£

Ahn-izm-kn-Isf Hń-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

A¿∞w: ""A√m-lp-th, \nt∂mSp Rßƒ klm-b-w

bmNn°p-I-bpw, s]mdp-°-ens\ tXSp-Ibpw \n∂n¬ hniz-kn-°p-

I-bpw -\ns∂ Bi-b-am-°p-Ibpw \ns‚ \∑-I-sf -]-Io¿Øn-

°p-Ibpw \n\°v \µn ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. \nt∂mSv

Rßƒ \µntISv ImWn-°p∂n-√. \ns∂ A\p-k-cn-°m-Ø-h-

cn¬\n∂v Rßƒ hn´p-\n-ev°p-Ibpw Ahsc Rßƒ shSn-bp-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p. A√m-lp-th, \ns∂-amXw Rßƒ Bcm-[n-

°p-Ibpw \n\-°mbn amXw Rßƒ \a-kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw, \ns∂

]cn-]q¿Æ-ambn A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw, \ns‚ ASp-tØ°v HmSn-h-

cn-Ibpw AXn¬ thKw ImWn-°p-Ibpw \ns‚ ImcpWyw

]Xo£n-°p-Ibpw \ns‚ in£sb `b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

Xo¿®-bmbpw \ns‚ in£ Ahn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv Hń-∏n-Sn-°p-∂-Xm-

Wv.''


Jp\q-Øns‚ as‰mcp ZpB

A√m-lpth F\n°v t\¿am¿§w \evtI-Wta

\o t\¿am¿§w \evIn-b-h-tcm-sSm∏w

F\n°pw kuJyw \evtI-Wta \o kuJyw \evIn-

b -h -tcm -sSm∏w Ft∂bpw anX -am -t°-Wta

\o anX-ß-fm-°n-b-h-tcm-sSm∏w F\n°v

A\-pKlw \evtI-W-ta \o \evInb hkvXp-°-

fn¬ \o Fs∂ ImØp-c-£n-t°-Wta tZmj-^-e-

ß-fn¬\n∂v \o hn[n® Imcy-ß-fpsS \n›-

b-ambpw \o hn[n Iev]n-°p∂p hn[n Iev]n-°-s∏-Sp-

∂n√ \n\-s°-Xn-cn¬ \n›-b-ambpw Ah≥

\nµy-\m-hp-I-bn√ Bsc \o anX-am-°ntbm

\n›-b-ambpw Ah≥ A¥- m¿Pn-°p-I-bn√

Bsc \o iXp-hm°nØ≈ntbm \o A\p-K-l-ap-S-b-

h\mWv Rß-fpsS \mYm \o AXyp-∂-X-\p-


amWv A\p- K -ln°pamdm -Is´ A√m-lp -

kr„n-I-fn¬ AXyp-Ø-a-\mb apl-Ω-Zv

(k)t\bpw At±-l-Øns‚ IpSpw-_-tØbpw

kzlm-_n-am-tcbpw F√m-ht-cbpw.

A¿∞w:˛ ""A√m-lp-th, \o t\¿am¿§w \evIn-b-h-tcm-sSm∏w

F\n°pw t\¿am¿§w \evtI-W-ta. \o kuJyw \evIn-b-h-tcm-

sSm∏w F\n°pw kuJyw \evtI-W-ta. \o anX-ß-fm-°n-b-h-

tcm-sSm∏w Ft∂bpw anX-ß-fm-t°-W-ta. \o \evInb hkvXp-

°-fn¬ F\n°v A\pKlw \evtI-W-ta. \o hn[n® Imcy-ß-

fpsS tZmj-^-eßfn¬\n∂v Fs∂ \o ImØp-c-£n-t°-W-ta.

Fs¥-∂m¬, \n›-b-ambpw \o hn[n Iev]n-°p-∂p. \n\-s°-Xn-

cn¬ hn[n Iev]n-°-s∏Sp-∂-X√. \o anX-am-°n-b-h≥ \nµy--\m-hp-

I-b-ns√∂p-d∏mWv. \o iXp-hm-°n-Ø-≈n-b-h≥ A¥- m¿÷n-

°p-I-bn-s√-∂Xpw Dd∏m-Wv. Rß-fpsS \mYm! \o Af-h‰ A\p-

K-l-ap-S-b-h\pw AXyp-∂-X-\p-am-Ip-∂p. kr„n-I-fn¬ AXyp-Ø-

a-\mb apl-ΩZv \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-tbbpw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS IpSpw-

_-tØbpw kl-N-c-∑m-tc-bpw-˛- F-√m-h-tcbpw A√mlp al-

Ømb \ne-bn¬ A\p-K-ln-°p-am-dm-I-s´.''

"hnXvdv' \a-kvI-mc-Øns‚ kabw Cim-Av \a-kvIm-c-Øn-\p-

tijw apX¬ ]`mXw hsc-bm-Ip-∂p. cmXn-bpsS Ah-km-\-

Øn¬ Fgp-t∂‰v Xl÷pZv \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-h¿ B Xl-÷pZv

\a-kvIm-c-Øn-\p-ti-j-amWv hnXvdv \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠Xv. AXn\v

Fgp-t∂ev°m≥ km[n-°m-Ø-h¿ -CimAv \a-kvIm-chpw

kp∂Øpw Ign™ DS-s\-Øs∂ hnXvdpw \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

hnXv¿ hn´p-t]m-bm¬ lZvdØv akolv auDu-Zv(-A) kqtcym-Z-b-

Øn-\p-tijw AXv \a-kvI-cn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AX ]m[m\yw

hnXv¿ \a-kvIm-c-Øn-\p-≠v.


"kpPq-Zp- -lvhv ' (ad-hn-bpsS kpPq-Zv)

adhn \nanØw \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ h√Xpw hn´p-t]m-bm¬

BZyw hn´p-t]mb `mKw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-Ibpw ]n∂oSv kemw

ho´p-∂-Xn\v aptº c≠v kpPqZv sNøp-Ibpw thWw. Cu kpPq-

Zn\v "klvhn's‚ (a-d-hn-bp-sS) kpPqZv F∂v ]d-bp-∂p. \a-kvImc

at≤y FX dIv-AØv \a-kvI-cn-®p-sh∂v kwi-b-ap-≠m-Ip-∂-

]£w kwi-b-an-√mØ dIv-A-Øp-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-SpØn

_m°n dIv-A-Øp-Iƒ \a-kvI-cn®p ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-Ibpw XpS¿∂v

"klvhn's‚ kpPqZv sNøp-Ibpw th≠-Xm-Wv. \n›nX dIv-A-

Øp-I-tf-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ \a-kvI-cn-®p-t]m-bmepw "klvhn's‚

kpPqZv Bh-iy-am-Wv.

Jfzm-Av \a-kvImcw

\ymb-amb h√-Im-c-W-himepw Hcp \a-kvImcw AXns‚

ka-bØv \n¿∆-ln-°m≥ km[y-am-ImsX hcp-∂-Xm-bm¬

AXns‚ _m[y-X-bn¬\n∂v Hgn-hm-Ip-∂n-√. adn®v B ImcWw

C√m-Xm-Ip-tºmƒ AXv \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. AXmWv AXns‚

ka-bw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn Dd-ßn-t∏m-Ip-Itbm ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-Itbm

sNbvXm¬ DW-cp-Itbm Hm¿Ω-h-cn-Itbm sNøp-tºmƒ AXp-

Ss\ \n¿∆-ln-°-Ww. AXns‚ kabw Ign-™p-t]m-b-Xmbn KWn-

°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. C]-Imcw kabw sX‰n \a-kvI-cn-°p∂ \a-kvIm-

c-Øn\v Jfzm-Av \a-kvImcw F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. H∂n-e-[nIw \a-

kvIm-c-ßƒ Jfzm-Av Bbn-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xm-bm¬ Ah hgn-°p-hgn

\a-kvI-cn-°p-∂XmWv DØ-aw.

Xl-÷pZv \a-kvImcw

Cim-Av \-a-kvIm-c-Øn-\p-tijw Dd-ßn, ]`m-tXm-Z-b-Øn\v

aptº Fgp-t∂‰v \a-kvI-cn-°p∂ \a-kvIm-c-Øn-\mWv "Xl-÷pZv

\a-kvImcw' F∂p ]d-b-p∂-Xv. "Xl-÷pZv \a-kvImcw' hfsc

tijvT-amb Hcp C_m-Z-Øm-sW∂v Jp¿-B-\n¬\n-∂pw-lZokp-

I-fn¬\n∂pw sXfn-bp-∂p. Xl-÷pZv \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ sNø-s∏-

Sp∂ an° ZpB-Ifpw kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. cmXn-bpsS Ah-


km-\-bm-a-Øn¬ A√mlp G‰-hpw- A-SpØ BIm-i-Øn¬ Cd-

ßn-h∂v ""Ft∂mSv tNmZn-°p∂ h√ ASn-bm-\p-ap-t≠m, F¶n¬

Ah≥ tNmZn-®Xv Rm\-h\v \evIp-∂-Xm-Wv'' F∂p-]-d-bp-sa∂v

lZo-kn¬ h∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

Ai-≤-cmb Bfp-Iƒ InS-∂p-d-ßp∂ thf-bn¬, kmØzn-

Icpw k÷-\-ß-fp-amb A√m-lp-hns‚ Zmk-∑m¿ DW¿∂v A√m-

lp-hns\ Hm¿Ωn-°p-Ibpw Ah-t\mSv am∏n-∂-t]-£n-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. CXv A√m-lp-hn\v G‰hpw C„-ap≈ Imcy-am-Ip-∂p.

\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) Ft∏mgpw Xl-÷pZv \a-kvI-cn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-

cp-∂p. Xs‚- ho- p-Im-tcbpw Xl-÷pZv \a-kvIm-c-Øn-∂mbn hnfn-

®p-W¿Øm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Cu \a-kvImcw F´v dIv-A-Øm-Wv. cmXn DW¿∂Xp apX¬

]`mXw hsc-bmWv CXns‚ ka-bw. Cuc≠v dIv-A-Ømbn \a-

kvIcn°p∂-Xm-Wp-Ø-aw. aptº hnh-cn® hnXvdv \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚

aq∂v dIv-A-Øv Cu F´v dIv-A-Øn\p- tijw \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂Xv

IqSp-X¬ DØ-a-am-Ip-∂p.

Civdm-Jv, fplm \a-kvImcßƒ

kqcy≥ DZn®v NI-hm-f-Øn¬ kpam¿ Ggv apgw Db¿∂v

Ign-™m¬ (A-t∏mƒ) \a-kvI-cn-°p∂ \a-kvIm-c-Øn-∂mWv "C-

ivdmJv' \a-kvImcw F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. CXv c≠v dIv-AØv apX¬

]¥≠v dIv-A-Øp-hsc \a-kvI-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu \a-kvIm-

chpw hfsc ]pWy-ap-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p. cmhnse GXm≠v HºXv aWn-

ap-X¬ a≤ym-”-Øn\v aptº-hsc \n¿∆-ln-°-s∏-Sp∂ \a-kvIm-c-

Øn\v "kzem-Øp≈plm' AYhm ]q¿∆m-”-\-a-kvImcw F∂p

]d-bp-∂p. CXv c≠v dIv-AØv apX¬ F v dIv-A-Øp-hsc-bm-Wv.

Jkzvdv B°n \a-kvI-cn-°¬

Ckvem-anse \nc-h[n B\p-Iq-ey-ß-fn¬ H∂v bmX-°m¿

\mev dIv-A-Øp≈ ^¿kv \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ Hmtcm∂pw Npcp°n

c≠v dIv-A-Øp- amXw \a-kvI-cn-®m¬aXn F∂-X-sX. Cßs\


Npcp°n \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v "Jkzv¿' F∂p ]d-bp-∂p.

fplv¿, Akzv¿, Cim-Av F∂o aq∂v \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ amX-

amWv "Jkzv¿' B°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. aKvcn-_v, kp_vln F∂o \a-

kvIm-c-ßƒ "Jkzv¿' B°p-hm≥ ]mSn-√. Jkvdm-°-s∏-Sp∂ \a-

kvIm-c-ß-fpsS apºpw ]nºp-ap≈ kp∂-ØpIƒ \a-kvI-cn-t°-

≠-Xn-√.

bmX-°mc≥ \a-kvImcw Jkzvdv Bt°-≠-Xm-Wv. AXmWv

bmX-°m-c\v hn[n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈-Xv. CXv A√m-lp-hns‚ Zmk-

∑m¿°v \evInb Hcp kuI-cy-am-Wv. AXn-\m¬, AXv kt¥m-j-

]q¿∆w kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. bmX-°m-c≥ Hcp ÿeØv 19 Znh-

k-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ Xma-kn-°p-hm≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂-]£w Ahn-

sS-h®v Jkv¿ B°m-h-X-√. ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-Øs∂ \a-kvI-cn-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ \nXy-bm-X-°m-c\pw "Jkzv¿' A\p-

h-Z-\o-b-a-√. \mń¬\n∂v ]pd-s∏-´p-I-gn-™m¬ "Jkzv¿' Bcw-`n-

°p-Ibpw \mń¬ Xncn-s®-Øn-bm¬ Ah-km-\n-°p-Ibpw thWw.

PwAv B°n \a-kvI-cn-°¬

Ckvemw \ap°v \evIn-bn- p≈ as‰mcp kuIcyw Nne Ah-

k-c-ß-fn¬ c≠v \a-kvIm-c-w PwAv B°n (Iq-ń-t®¿Øv) \a-

kvI-cn°mw F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. kplvdpw Akzvdpw XΩnepw aKvcn_pw

CimDw XΩnepw Iqń-t®¿Øv c≠pw- HtckabØv ap¥nt®m

]n¥nt®m kuI-cyw-t]mse \a-kvI-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. kp_vln

\a-kvImcw PwAv B°-s∏Sp∂X-√. bmXm-h-k-c-ß-fnepw kmaq-

lnIamtbm ]mtZ-in-I-amtbm D≈ h√ Bh-iyhpw t\cn-Sp∂

Ah-k-c-ß-fnepw tLmc-amb ag-bp-≈-t∏mgpw Cßs\ PwB°n

\a-kvI-cn-°m-hp-∂Xm-Wv. PwB°n \a-kvI-cn-°p-tºmgpw hnXvdv

Hgn-®p≈ kp∂Øv \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ am∏m-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.

PwB-°p-tºmƒ c≠n¬ BZysØ \a-kvImcw BZyw \a-

kvI-cn-°-Ww. DS-s\-Øs∂ c≠m-a-tØXpw \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠-

Xm-Wv. c≠v \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ "CJm-aØv' sImSp-°-Ww.


PwB-°p-tºm-g-√msX km[m-cW Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ \n›n-X-k-abw

Ig-n-bp-∂-Xp-hsc \a-kvImcw ]n¥n-°p-hm≥ ]mSp-≈-X-√.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. hnXv¿ \a-kvIm-csØ°p-dn®v hni-Zo-I-cn-°pI?

2. klvhns‚ kpPqZv F∂m¬ F¥v? hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I.

3. Jfm-Av \a-kvImcw F∂m¬ F¥v?

4. Xl÷pZv \a-kvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn®v hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I.

5. Civdm-Jv, fplm \a-kvImcw F∂m¬ F¥v?

6. Jkzv¿ F∂m¬ F¥v?

7. "PwB°n \a-kvI-cn-°¬' hni-Zo-I-cn-°pI?

****


]mTw˛ 6

PpapA \a-kvImcw

sh≈n-bmgvN A\p-Kr-lo-X-amb Hcp kpZn-\-am-Wv. AXp-kw-

_-‘n®v hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ "kqd-Øp¬PpapA' F∂ t]cn¬

Hc-≤ymbw Xs∂-bp-≠v. sh≈n-bmgvN a≤ym” \a-kvIm-c-Øn-

∂mbn _m¶p-sIm-Sp-Øm¬ F√m -tPm-en-Ifpw \ndpØn-h®v DSs\

]≈n-bn¬ ktΩ-fn-°p-Ibpw PpapA \a-kvImcw \n¿∆-ln-°p-

Ibpw sNø-W-sa∂v AXn¬ Iev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. PpapA a\x-]q¿∆w

Dt]-£n-°p-∂-h≥ henb ]m]n-bm-Ip-∂p. AXv \n¿∆-ln-°p-Ibpw

AXns‚ JpXzv_ i≤m-]q¿∆w tIƒ°p-Ibpw sNø-W-sa∂v

Jp¿B\n¬ hfsc i‡n-bmbn B⁄m]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n, sh≈n-bmgvN Znhkw -kp_vln \a-kvIm-

c-Øn¬ "^mØn-l'bv°vtijw H∂m-asØ dIv-A-Øn¬ kqd

kPvZbpw c≠m-asØ dIv-A-Øn¬ "kqd-ØpZvZlvdpw' HmXm-

dp≠mbncp-∂p.

tcmKn-Iƒ, bmX-°m¿, kvXoIƒ, Ipń-Iƒ, A‘-∑m¿,

_‘-\-ÿ¿ F∂n-h-scm-gn®v as‰-√mh¿°pw PpapA \a-kvImcw

\n¿∫-‘-am-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬, -C-hcpw Ppap-A-bn¬ ]¶p-sIm-≈p-

I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv hfsc \√ ]pWy-I¿Ω-am-bn-cn-°pw.

PpapA \-akvIm-c-Øn\v ]f-fn-bn¬ sN∂m¬ Hgn-hp≈

ÿeØv Ccn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Bfp-I-fpsS Npa-ep-I-fn¬°qSn

Ih®p--h®v ap∂nte-°pt]mIm≥ ian-°-cp-Xv. ct≠m-\mtem dIv-

AØv kp∂Øv \a-kvI-cn®v ZpB, CkvXn-Kv^m¿ apX-em-b-h-


bn¬ \nc-X-cm-tI-≠-Xm-Wv. A\m-h-iy-ambn kwkm-cn-°-cp-Xv. Camw

JpXzv_ XpS-ßn-bm¬ au\-ambn i≤m-]q¿∆w AXv tI´p-sIm-≠n-

cn-°-Ww. JpXz-v_-bpsS Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Bcpw kwkm-cn-°-cp-Xv.

kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h¿°v JpXzv_ ihn-®-Xns‚ ]pWyw In´p-I-bn-√.

PpapA \a-kvImcw c≠v dIv-A-Øm-Ip-∂p. Camw ^mØn-

lbpw kqdØpw D®Øn¬ HmX-Ww. H∂m-asØ dIv-A-Øn¬

kqd-Øp¬-A-Avembpw c≠m-asØ dIv -A-Øn¬ kqd-

Øp¬Kminbmbpw, As√-¶n¬ H∂m-asØ dIv-A-Øn¬ kqd-

Øp¬Pp-apAbpw c≠m-asØ dIv-A-Øn¬ kqd-Øp¬ap-\m-

^nJq\pw HmXp-∂Xv kp∂-Øm-Ip-∂p. PpapA \a-kvIm-c-Øn-\p-

ti-jhpw ct≠m \mtem dIv-AØv kp∂Øv \a-kvI-cn-°-Ww.

"kplvdv' \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ kabw Xs∂-bmWv PpapA \a-

kvIm-c-Øn-t‚bpw. Ppap-A°v t]mIp-∂-h¿ Ip-fn®v ip≤n-h-cp-

Ø-Ww. \√ hkvX-ßƒ [cn-°p-Ibpw kpK-‘-Z-hy-ßƒ D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv kp∂-Øm-Ip-∂p. GsX-¶n-ep-samcp

ÿeØv aq∂p-t]-cp-s≠-¶n¬ Ah¿ Xo¿®-bmbpw PpapA \a-

kvI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. GsX-¶n-epw- H-cmƒ Xma-kn-®p-h-∂m¬

Abmƒ°v Cam-tam-sSm∏w Hcp dIv-AØv In´p-∂-Xm-bm¬ _m°n

Hcp dIv-AØv Camw kemw hoń-b-Xn-\p-tijw \a-kvI-cn®v ]q¿Øn-

bm-t°-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬, Abmƒ°v PpapA Inń-b-Xmbn

KWn-°-s∏-Spw. Hcp dIv-AØpw In´m-Ø-]£w Abmƒ kplv¿

\a-kvI-cn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. PpapA \a-kvImcw \n¿∆-ln-°p-

∂-Xn\p aptº Camw "JpXzv_' HmtX-≠Xv \n¿∫-‘-am-Ip-∂p.

PpapA JpXzv_


Rm≥ km£yw hln-°p∂p Bcm-[-\-

bv°¿l≥ C√ A√m-lp-h-√msX Ah≥ GI-\m-

Ip∂p Ah\v ]¶m-fn-I-fm-cp-an√ Rm≥

km£yw hln-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p \n›-b-ambpw

apl-Ω-Zv(-k) Ahs‚ Zmk-\mWv Ahs‚ ZqX-

\pamWv CXn-\p-tijw (Rm≥ ]d-bp-∂p) Rm≥

A`bw tXSp∂p A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv ibvXzm-

\n¬\n∂v i]n-°-s∏´ \ma-Øn¬ A√m-lp-

hns‚ ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I≥ Icp-Wm-a-b≥

F∂v sNm√n-b-Xn-\p-tijw kµ¿t`m-NnXw Bh-iy-amb

Imcy-ßsf kw_-‘n®v Hcp-]-tZ-i]-kwKw \S-Øp-I. A\-¥cw

Aev]-t\cw Ccn-°p-I. ho≠pw Fgp-t∂-‰p-\n∂v c≠m-asØ

JpXzv_ HmXp-I. AXn-]-Im-c-amWv:-˛


k¿∆-kvXp-Xnbpw A√m-lp-hn -\m-Ip∂p

Rßƒ Ahs\ kvXpXn-°p∂p Rßƒ

Ah-t\mSv klmbw At]-£n-°p∂p Rß-f-h-

t\mSv s]mdp-°-ens\tØSp∂p Rßƒ Ah\n¬

hniz-kn-°p∂p Ah-s\-Øs∂ Bi-b-am-°p-

Ibpw sNøp∂p Rßƒ A`bw tXSp∂p A√m-

lp-hn-t\mSp Xn∑-I-fn¬\n∂pw Rß-fpsS

imco-cn-I-amb tZmj- -e-ß-fn¬\n∂pw

Rß-fpsS I¿Ω-ß-fpsS A√mlp Bsc

t\¿am¿§-Øn-em-°ntbm Ahs\ Bcpw

Zp¿am¿§-Øn-em -°p -I-bn√ Ah≥ Bsc

Zp¿am¿§-Øn-em-°ntbm Ahs\ t\¿am¿§-Øn-

em-°p-hm\mcp-an√ Rßƒ km£yw hln-°p∂p

Bcm-[\bv°¿l\n-s√∂v A√mlp A√msX

Ah≥ GI-\m-Ip∂p Ah\v Hcp ]¶pImc-

\p-an√ Rßƒ km£yw hln-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p

\n›-b-am-bpw- ap-l-Ω-Zv(-k) Ahs‚ Zmk-

\m-Wv Ahs‚ Zq-X\p-am-Ip∂p

A√m-lp-hns‚ Zmktc! \nßƒ°p

IcpW sNøpam-dmIs´ A√mlp \n›-b-ambpw

A√mlp Ah≥ Iev]n-°p∂p \oXn ]h¿Øn-

°m\pw \∑ sNøphm\pw sImSp-°p-hm\pw

ASpØ _‘p°ƒ°v Ah≥ XS-bp-

Ibpw sNøp∂p \oN]-hr-Øn-Isf

Zpjv°¿Ω-ß-tfbpw AXn-I-a-ß-tfbpw


Ah≥ \nßsf D]-tZ-in-°p∂p \nßƒ Bbn-Øo-cm-

\mbn D]-tZiw kzoI-cn-°p-∂-h¿ \nßƒ

kvacn-°p-hn≥ A√m-lp-hns\ Ah≥ \nß-tfbpw

kvacn-°p-∂-XmWv Ah-t\mSv \nßƒ ]m¿∞n-°p-

hn≥ \nßƒ°v Ah≥ DØcw \evIp-∂-XmWv

A√m-lp-hns‚ kvacW G‰hpw hep-Xm-Ip-

∂p.

A¿∞w:-˛ k¿∆-kvXp-Xnbpw A√m-lp-hn-∂m-Ip-∂p. Rßƒ-

A-hs\ kvXpXn-°p-∂p. Ah-t\mSv klm-b-a-t]£n-°pIbpw,

Ah-t\mSv s]mdp-°-ens\t-ØSp-Ibpw Ah-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p-

Ibpw Ah-s\Øs∂ Bi-b-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Rß-fpsS

imco-cn-I-amb Xn∑-I-fn¬\n-∂pw, I¿Ω-ßfpsS tZmj-^-eß-

fn¬\n∂pw A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv Rßƒ A`bw tXSp-∂p. A√mlp

t\¿am¿§-Øn-em-°n-b-hs\ Bcpw Zp¿am¿§-Øn-em-°p-I-bn-√.

Ah≥ Zp¿am¿§n-bmbn KWn-®-hs\ Bcpw t\¿am¿§Øn-em-

°p-I-bp-an-√. A√m-lp-h-√msX Bcm-[-\-°¿l≥ a‰m-cp-an-s√∂pw

Ah≥ GI-\m-sW∂pw Ah\v bmsXmcp ]¶p-Im-cp-an-s√∂pw

Rßƒ km£yw-h-ln-°p-∂p. \n›bw, apl-Ω-Zv(k) Ahs‚

Zmk\pw Ahs‚ ZqX-\p-am-sW∂pw Rßƒ km£yw hln-

°p-∂p.

A√m-lp-hns‚ Zmk-sc, A√mlp \nßƒ°v IcpW sNøpam-

dmIs´. \oXn ]h¿Øn-°p-hm\pw \∑ sNøp-hm\pw ASp-Ø-

_-‘p-°ƒ°v (A-h-cpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ) \evIp-hm\pw A√mlp

\nß-tfmSv Iev]n-°p-∂p. \oN-]hr-Øn-I-tfbpw ZpjvI¿Ω-ß-

tfbpw AXn-I-a-ß-tfbpw Ah≥ XSbp-Ibpw \nßƒ D¬_p-

≤-cm-Ip-∂-Xn-∂mbn Ah≥ \nßsf D]-tZ-in-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. \nßƒ A√m-lp-hns\ kvacn-°p-hn≥. Ah≥ \nß-tfbpw

kvacn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Ah-t\mSv \nßƒ ]m¿∞n-°p-hn≥; Ah≥


\nßƒ°v DØcw \evIp-∂-Xm-Wv. A√m-lp-hns\ kvacn-°p-I-

sb-∂Xv G‰hpw henb Imcy-am-Ip-∂p.''

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. PpapA \a-kvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn®v hnh-cn-°pI?

2. PpapA \a-kvImcw \n¿_-‘-a-√m-Ø-h¿ Bsc√mw?

3. PpapA \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v ]≈n-bnencn°p-∂-h¿ ]men-t°≠

acym-Z-Iƒ Fs¥√mw?

4. PpapA \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ \_n(-k) km[m-cW HmXn-bncp∂

kqd-Øp-Iƒ GsX√mw?

5. PpapA \a-kvImcw IqSm-Ø-h¿ F¥mWv sNtø-≠Xv?

****


]mTw˛ 7

s]cp-∂mƒ \a-kvImcw

h¿j-Øn¬ c≠v s]cp-∂m-fmWv apkvenw-Iƒ°p-≈-Xv. H∂v

daZm\ptijw i∆m¬ H∂mw Xnø-Xn-bm-Ip-∂p. AXn\v CuZp¬^n-

Xzv¿ (t\mºv Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p∂ s]cp-∂mƒ) F∂p ]d-bp-∂p.

at‰Xv Zp¬l÷v ]Ømw Xnø-Xn-bm-Ip-∂p. AXn\v CuZp¬-

Afvlm (_en s]cp-∂mƒ) F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

kvXo]p-cpj hyXym-k-sat\y F√m apkvenw-Iƒ°pw s]cp-

∂mƒ \a-kvImcw kp∂-Øm-Ip-∂p. AXns‚ kabw kqcy-\p-

Zn®v NI-hmf-Øn¬ kpam¿ Ggp apgw Db-cp∂ kabw apX¬

kqcy≥ a≤ym-”-Øn¬\n∂v \oßp-∂-Xp-h-sc-bm-Wv. Ign-bp-t∂-

S-tØmfw t\csØ \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂Xv DØ-a-am-Ip-∂p. s]cp-∂mƒ

Znhkw Ipfn-°p-I, \√ hkvXw [cn-°p-I, kpK-‘-Z-hy-ß-fp-]-

tbm-Kn-°pI F∂nh kp∂-Øm-Ip-∂p. CuZp¬^n-Xzv¿ Znhkw

\a-kvIm-c-Øn\v aptº h√ Blm-chpw Ign-°p-∂Xv kp∂-Øm-

Wv. CuZp¬-Akvlm Znhkw Blm-c-Øn\v aptº \a-kvI-cn-

°p-I-bmWv kp∂-Øv. A]-Im-cw-Xs∂ c≠v s]cp-∂mƒ Znh-

khpw \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v t]mIp-tºmƒ Hcp hgn-bn¬°qSn t]mIp-

Ibpw Xncn®p hcp-tºmƒ thsdmcp hgn-bn¬°qSn Xncn-®p-h-cn-

Ibpw sNøp-∂Xpw kp∂-Øm-Ip-∂p. CuZp¬^n-Xzv¿ \a-kvIm-c-

Øn\v aptºXs∂ kZ-J-Øp¬ nXvdpw CuZv ≠pw \n¿∆-ln-

t°-≠Xv \n¿∫-‘-am-Ip-∂p. CuZp¬-Akvlm \a-kvIm-c-w Ign-

™m¬ Jp¿_m\n Adp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v aptº

Adp-Øm¬ AXv Jp¿_m\n BIp-I-bn-√.- s]-cp-∂mƒ \a-kvIm-

c-ßƒ°v _m¶pw CJm-aØpw C√. s]cp-∂mƒ JpXzv_ \a-


kvIm-c-Øn-\p-ti-j-amWv \n¿∆-ln-t°-≠-Xv. CuZp¬ nXzvdns‚

JpXzv_-bn¬ Camw "kZ-J-Øp¬ ^nXzvdn's\ kw_-‘n®v P\-

ßƒ°v hnh-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. _en-s]-cp-∂m-fns‚

JpXzv_-bn¬ _en-I¿ΩsØ kw_-‘n®pw "Aøm-ap-ØivcoJv'

Znh-k-ß-fn¬ XIv_o¿ sNm√p-∂-Xns\ kw_-‘-n®pw timXm-

°sf [cn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. JpXzv_ F√m-hcpw i≤m-]q¿∆w

tIƒt°-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p. s]cp-∂mƒ \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ ]´-W-Øn\v

]pdtØm As√-¶n¬ h√ Xpd∂ÿetØmh®v \n¿∆-ln-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv.

s]cp-∂mƒ \a-kvImcw c≠v dIv-A-Øm-Ip-∂p. AXn\v

aptºm ]ntºm kp∂tØm \ vtem \a-kvI-cn-°m≥ ]mSn-√.

s]cp-∂mƒ \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ kqd-Øp¬ mØnl HmXp-∂-

Xn\v aptº H∂m-asØ dIv-A-Øn¬ Ggv XIv_o-dp-I-fpw, c≠m-

asØ dIv-A-Øn¬ A©v XIv_o-dp-Ifpw A[nIw sNmt√-≠-Xm-Wv.

s]cp-∂mƒ \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ kqd-Jm^pw Jadpw As√-¶n¬

kqdx AA-vembpw Kminbmbpw AXp-a-s√-¶n¬ PpapAbpw ap\m-

^n-Jq\pw HmXp-∂Xv kp∂-Øm-Ip-∂p.

Xte-Zn-hkw k‘ym-k-a-bØv BImiw taLm-hr-Xam-bXp

\nanØw Nµ≥ Zriy-am-Im-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw ]nt‰-Zn-hkw D®-°p-

tijw Xte-Zn-hkw Nµ≥ ImWs∏ń-cp-∂p-sh∂v hnhcw e`n-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-bm¬ A∂v "CuZp¬^nXzvdv' \a-kvImcw

\n¿∆-ln-°-s∏-Sm-h-X-√.- A-Sp-Ø-Zn-hkw cmhnse \n¿∆-ln-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv. C\n h√ Imc-W-h-imepw A∂pw- km-[y-am-bn-s√-¶n¬

]ns∂ CuZp¬^nXzvdv \a-kvImcw \S-Øm-h-X-√. CuZp¬

Akvlm-bn¬ ta¬]-Imcw kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ Zp¬l÷x

]¥≠mw Xnø-Xn-hsc s]cp-∂mƒ \a-kvImcw \n¿∆-ln-°-s∏-Sm-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Zp¬l÷vx HºXmw XnøXn kp_vlv apX¬ ]Xnaq∂mw


XnøXn Akzv¿ hsc (A-øm-ap-ØivcoJv) F√m \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ°v

tijhpw XIv_o¿ sNmt√-≠-Xm-Wv. AXn-]-Im-c-am-Ip∂p:

A√mlp G‰hpw hen-b-h-\m-Ip∂p

Hcp Bcm-[y-\p-an√ A√m-lp-h-√msX A√m-lp-

hn-\m-Ip∂p k¿∆-kvXp-Xn-bpw.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. da-Zm-\p-tijw i∆m¬ 1˛\v BtLm-jn-°p∂ s]cp-∂m-fns‚

t]sc¥v?

2. Zp¬l÷v 10-˛\v BtLm-jn-°p∂ s]cp-∂m-fns‚ t]sc¥v?

3. s]cp-∂mƒ \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ acym-Z-Iƒ Fs¥√mw?

4. CuZp¬ nXz-vdn\p aptº sImSp-t°-≠p∂ Zm\-[¿Ω-Øns‚

t]sc¥v?

5. Jp¿_m\n F∂m¬ F¥v? AsX-t∏m-gmWv \n¿∆-ln-t°-≠Xv?

6. CuZp¬^n-Xzvdnt‚bpw _en-s]-cp-∂m-fn-t‚bpw JpXzv_

hnjbw F¥m-bn-cn-°Ww?

7. Aøm-ap-Ø-ivcoJv F∂m¬ F¥v?

8. s]cp-∂mƒ \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ ]tXy-IX F¥v?

9. Zp¬l÷v FXmw XnøXn apX¬ FXmw Xnø-Xn-h-sc-bmWv

XIv_o¿ sNmt√-≠Xv?

10. XIv_o-dns‚ ]q¿Æ-cq]w F¥v?

]mTw˛ 8

KlW \a-kvImcw

kqcy-t\m, Nµt\m KlWw D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ \a-kvI-cn-°-

s∏-Sp∂ \a-kvIm-c-Øn\mWv Kl-W-\-a-kvImcw F∂p-]-d-bp-∂-

Xv. CXn\v _m¶pw CJm-aØpw C√. Kl-W-ap-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ Bfp-

Iƒ ]≈n-bn¬ Hcp-an-®p-Iq-Sp-Ibpw Camw Ahsc \a-kvI-cn∏n-

°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. Cu \a-kvImcw c≠v dIv-A-Øm-

Ip∂p. Hmtcm dIv-A-Ønepw Cuc≠v dpIq-Dv sNøp-∂p. Camw

D®-Øn¬ Jp¿-B≥ -Hm-X-Ww. KlWw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xp-hsc

\a-kvImcw \o´p-Ibpw [mcmfw ZpBIƒ sNøpIbpw thWw.

Camw Cs√-¶n¬ X\nsb \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. Kl-W-\-a-kvImcw A\p-jvTn-°p-∂-sXt∏mƒ?

2. Kl-W-\-a-kvImcw A\p-jvTn-°p-∂-sX-ßs\?

3. Kl-W\akvIm-c-Øn¬ FX dp°q-D-Iƒ D≠v?

4. Camw Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw sNtø-≠-sX-ßs\?

****

]mTw˛ 9

CkvXn-Jmdx \a-kvImcw

][m-\-s∏´ h√ Imcy-Ønepw G¿s∏-Sm-\p-t±-in-°p∂ Bƒ

CkvXn-Jmdx \a-kvImcw \n¿∆-ln-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. CkvXn-Jmdx

kp∂-Øm-Ip-∂p. AXm-b-Xv, A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv \∑sb Bh-iy-

s∏-Sp-I. At∏mƒ \√ Imcy-Øn-te°v A√mlp Ahs\ \bn-

°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

Cim \a-kvIm-cm-\-¥cw c≠v dIv-AØv \a-kvI-c-n°p-I.

]ns∂ CkvXn-Jm-d-bpsS ZpB sNbvXp-sIm-≠v Dd-ßp-I. ZpB

C]-Im-c-amWv:


A√m-lpth \n›-b-ambpw Rm≥

\nt∂mSv \∑ tXSp∂p \ns‚ Adn-hns\ ap≥\n-dpØn

Rm≥ \nt∂mSv Ign-hns\ tXSp∂p \ns‚

Ign-hns\ ap≥\n-dp-Øn Rm≥ \nt∂mSp bmNn-°p∂p

\ns‚ alØmb A\p-KlØn¬ \n∂v

\n›-b-ambpw \o Ign-hp-‰-h≥ BIp∂p

Rm≥ Ign-hn-√m-Ø-h-\m-Wv. \o Adn-bp∂p

Rm\-dn-bp-∂n√ \o Xs∂-bmWv F√mw Adn-bp-∂-

h≥ ]tcm -£-Im -cy -ßƒ A√m -lpth

AYhm \ns‚ Adn-hn¬ C°mcyw

F\n-°v\-√-Xm-sW-¶n¬ Fs‚ Zo\n¬

Fs‚ Pohn-X-Ønepw ]cy-h-km-\-Ønepw

Fs‚ Imcy-Øns‚ At∏mƒ \o AsX-\n-

°mbn \n¿Æ-bn®v XcnI AXns\ Ffp-∏-am-°n-

Ø-cn-Ibpw sNøpI ]ns∂ F\n°v A\p-Klw

sNøpI AXn¬ AYhm \ns‚ Adn-hn¬

C°mcyw F\n°v tZmj-I-c-am-sW-¶n¬

Fs‚ Zo\n¬ Fs‚ Pohn-X-Ønepw


]cy-h-km-\ -Ønepw Fs‚ Imcy -Øns‚

At∏mƒ AXns\ \o AI-t‰-Wta \o

A[o\-am-°p-Ibpw sNtø-Wta F\n-°mbn \√-

Xns\ Fhn-sS-bmtWm Ahn-sS ]ns∂

Fs∂ Xr]vX-\m-°p-Ibpw sNtø-Wta AXn-s\-s°m≠v

A¿∞w:˛ A√m-lp-th, \ns‚ Adn-hns\ ap≥\ndpØn Rm≥

\nt∂m-Sv \∑ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. \ns‚- I-gn-hns\ ap≥\ndpØn

Rm≥ \n-t∂mSv Ignhns\ tX-Sp-∂p. \ns‚ al-Ømb A\p-

KlØn¬\n∂v Rm≥ bmNn-°p-∂p. \n›-b-ambpw \o Ign-hp-‰-

h\pw Rm≥ Ign-hn-√m-Ø-h-\p-am-Ip-∂p. \o Adn-bp-∂p. Rm≥

Adn-bp-∂n-√. \o F√m ]tcm-£-Im-cy-ßfpw Adn-bp-∂-h-\-sX.

A√m-lp-th, Cu Imcyw Fs‚ Zo\n-epw- Fs‚ Pohn-X-Ønepw

Fs‚ Imcy-Øns‚ ]cy-h-km-\-Ønepw F\n°v KpW-I-c-am-

sW∂v \o ImWp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ \o AsX-\n-°mbn \n¿Æ-bn-°p-I-

bpw- A-°mcyw Ffp-∏-am-°n-Ø-cn-Ibpw ]ns∂ AXn¬ F\n°v

A\p-Klw \evIp-Ibpw sNtø-W-ta. Cu Imcyw Fs‚ Zo\n-

epw, Fs‚ Pohn-X-Ønepw Fs‚ Imcy-Øns‚ ]cy-h-km-\-

Ønepw F\n-°v tZm-j-I-c-am-sW∂v \o ImWp∂psh-¶n¬

F∂n¬\n∂v AXn-t\bpw AXn¬\n∂v Ft∂bpw AI-t‰-W-ta.

KpWw Fhn-sS-bpt≠m AsX-\n°v A[o-\-am-°p-I-bpw, AXn¬

Fs∂ Xr]vX-\m-°p-Ibpw sNtø-W-ta.''

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. F¥mWv CkvXn-Jmd \a-kvImcw?

2. CkvXn-Jmd \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ coXn Fßs\?

****


]mTw˛ 10

agbv°pth≠n-bp≈ \a-kvImchpw "lmPØv ' \a-kvImchpw

ag s]øm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw agbv°p hfsc Bhiyw t\cn-Sp-

Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ F√m-hcpw ]´-W-Øn-\p ]p-d-Øp≈ Hcp

Xpd∂ ssaXm-\-Øn¬ ktΩfn®v Ahn-sS-h®v c≠v dIv-AØv

\a-kvI-cn-°p-I. AXn¬ Camw Jp¿B≥ D®-Øn¬ HmX-Ww. \a-

kvIm-cm-\-¥cw Camw JpXzv_ HmXp-Ibpw thWw. ]n∂oSv F√m-

hcpw Jn_vesb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn®v ag s]øm-Xn-cn-°m≥ Imc-W-

am-bn-Øo¿∂ ]m]w s]mdpØpIn´p-hm\pw A√m-lp-hns‚

ImcpWyw D≠m-bn-Øo-cp-hm\pw th≠n `‡n-]q¿∆w ZpBbpw

CkvXn-Kv^mdpw sNøp-I.

"lm-PØv ' \a-kvImcw

B¿s°-¶nepw h√ Bh-iy-hpw t\cn-´m¬ B Bƒ "-lm-

PØv' \a-kvImcw \n¿∆-ln-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. AXv \n¿∆-ln-t°≠

Iaw C]-Im-c-amWv:

"hpkp' sNbvXv c≠v dIv-AØv \a-kvI-cn-°p-I. ]ns∂ -A-

√m-lp-hns\ kvXpXn-°p-Ibpw \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sS-ta¬

"kzemØv' sNm√p-Ibpw sNøp-I. A\-¥cw Bhiyw \n¿∆-ln-

®p-In-´m-\p≈ ZpB sNøp-I. AXv Xmsg tN¿°p-∂p.


Hcp Bcm-[y-\p-an√ A√m-lp-h-√msX

kl-\-io-e≥ HuZm-cy-hm≥ Rm≥ ]cn-ip-

≤nsb hmgvØp∂p A√m-lp-hns‚ A[n-]-\mb

knwlm-k-\-Øns‚ al-Xz-ap-Sb F√m

kvXpXnbpw A√m-lp-hn-∂m-Ip∂p ]cn-]m-eI≥

k¿∆-tem-I-Øn-t‚bpw Rm≥ \nt∂mSp tNmZn-°p∂p

Imc-W-am-°n-Øo¿°p∂p \ns‚ Imcp-Wy-

Øn\v _‘-s∏´ Imcy-ßfpw \o s]mdp-Øp-

Xcp-∂-Xn\v hnP-bhpw F√m \∑-I-fpw

c£bpw F√m ]m]-ß-fn¬\n∂pw

F\n-°mbn hn´p-I-f-b-cptX Hcp ]m]hpw

\o F\n°p s]mdp-Øp-X-cmsX Hcp ZpxJhpw _m°n-

bm-°-cptX AXns\ AI-‰m-sX-I≠v Hcm-

h-iyhpw hn´p-I-f-b-cptX \ns‚ Xr]vXnbp≈ Hcp

Imcyhpw F\n-°mbn AXv \nd-th-‰msX

Imcp-Wy-am-bp-≈-ht\ Imcp-Wy-hm-∑m-cn¬.

A¿∞w: kl-\-io-e\pw HuZmcyhm\p-amb A√m-lp-h-

√msX as‰m-cm-cm-[y-\p-an-√. al-Xz-ap-Sb knwlm-k-\m-[n-]-Xn-bmb

A√m-lp-hns‚ ]cn-ip-≤nsb Rm≥ hmgvØp-∂p. kIe

kvXpXnbpw k¿∆-temI ]cn-]m-e-I-\mb A√m-lp-hn-∂m-Ip-∂p.

\ns‚ Imcp-Wy-Øn\v Imc-Wam°n-Øo¿°p∂ kwK-Xn-Iƒ

\nt∂mSv Rm≥ tNmZn-°p-∂p. \o s]mdp-Øp-X-cp-∂-Xn\v _m[y-

X-s∏´ Imcy-ßfpw (Rm≥ \nt∂m-Sv tNm-Zn-°p-∂p). F√m \∑-

Ifpw hnP-bhpw F√m ]m]-ß-fn¬\n-∂p-ap≈ c£bpw (Rm≥

\nt∂mSv tNmZn-°p-∂p). Hcp ]m]hpw \o F\n°v s]mdp-Øp-X-


cmsX hn´p-I-f-b-cp-tX. Hcp ZpxJhpw F∂n¬\n∂v \o AI-‰m-Xn-

cn-°-cp-tX. \n\°v Xr]vXn-bp≈ Fs‚ Hcm-h-iyhpw \o \nd-th-

‰msX hn´p-I-f-b-cp-tX. Imcp-Wy-hm-∑m-cn¬ G‰hpw Imcp-Wy-

hm-\m-bp-≈-ht\ (\o Fs‚ ]m¿∞\ kzoI-cn-®m-epw).

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. ag-bv°p-th-≠n-bp≈ \a-kvImcw A\p-jvTn -t°-≠Xv

Ft∏mƒ? Fßs\? FhnsS?

2. lmPØv \a-kvImcw F∂m¬ F¥v?

3. lmPØv \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-sX-ßs\?

****


]mTw˛ 11

tcmKn-bpsS \a-kvImchpw P\mk \a-kvImchpw

tcmKn-bmb Hcmƒ°v \n∂v \a-kvI-cn-°p-hm≥ km[y-a-s√-

¶n¬ Abmƒ Ccp∂v \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. AXn\pw km[y-a-

s√-¶n¬ sNcn-™p-In-St∂m ae¿∂p-In-St∂m \a-kvI-cn-°m-hp-

∂-Xm-Wv. dpIq-A-v, kpPqZv apX-embh BwKyw aptJ\ \n¿∆-ln-

°-Ww. Npcp-°-Øn¬ GXp-hn-[-Øn¬ km[n-°ptam B hn[-

Øn¬ \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠Xv \n¿∫-‘-am-Ip-∂p.

Hcp apkvenw ac-W-s∏-´m¬ Abmƒ°p-th≠n P\mk \a-

kvImcw \n¿∆-ln-t°-≠Xv kmaq-lnIamb IS-a (^¿fv In^mb)

I-fn¬s]-´-Xm-Ip-∂p. P\mk \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ dpIpDw kpPq-Zp-

an-√. AXns‚ cq]w Xmsg ]d-bp-∂p.

"hpkp' sNbvXv "P\mk' \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v "\nøØv'

sNbvXp-sIm≠v "A√mlp AIv_¿' F∂v sNm√n ssI sI´p-I.

A\-¥cw kp_vlm-\-°-√m-lpΩ F∂p XpS-ßp∂ kvXpXn-h-N-

\hpw kqd-Øp¬ ^mØn-lbpw HmXp-I. ]n∂oSv ho≠pw

"A√mlp AIv_¿' F∂v sNm√n \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ AØ-ln-øm-

Øp-hn\v tijw sNm√m-dp≈ "kzemØv' apgp-h\pw sNm√p-I.

]ns∂ aq∂m-aXpw "A√mlp AIv_¿' F∂v sNm√n Xmsg

tN¿°p∂ c≠v ZpBbpw H∂n-\p-tijw H∂mtbm As√-¶n¬

GsX-¶nepw Hcp ZpB amX-amtbm sNm√p-I. A\-¥-cw,

\memaXpw "A√mlp AIv_¿' F∂v sNm√n kemw ho´p-I.


P\mk \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ ZpB-Iƒ

A√mlpth s]mdp-ØpXtc-Wta Rß-

fn¬ Pohn-®n-cn-∏p-≈-h¿°v Rß-fn¬\n∂v acn-®p-t]m-

b-h¿°pw Rß-fn¬ lmP-cp-≈-h¿°pw

Rß-fn¬ lmP-cn-√m-Ø-h¿°pw Rß-fn¬ sN-dn-b-

h¿°pw Rß-fn¬ hen-b-h¿°pw Rß-fnse

]pcp-j-∑m¿°pw Rß-fnse kvXoIƒ°pw

A√m-lpth Btc \o Pohn-∏n-®n-cp-Øp-∂pthm

Rß-fn¬\n∂v Ahs\ Pohn-∏n-®p-\n-dp-tØ-Wta

Ckvem-an¬Øs∂ Bsc \o acn-∏n-

°p-∂pthm Rß-fn¬\n∂v Ahs\ \o acn-∏n-t°-

Wta Cuam-t\m-Sp-IqSn A√m-lpth

Rßƒ°p XS-b-cptX CXns‚ ]pWyw

Rßsf Hcn-°epw ]co-£-W-Øn¬ AI-s∏-Sp-Ø-

cptX AXn-\p-tijw


A¿∞w: ""A√m-lp-th, Rß-fn¬ Pohn-®n-cn-∏p-≈-h¿°pw

Rß-fn¬\n∂v acn-®p-t]m-b-h¿°pw, Rß-fn¬ lmP-cp-≈-

h¿°pw lmP-cn-√m-Ø-h¿°pw, Rß-fn¬ hen-b-h¿°pw sNdn-

b-h¿°pw, Rß-fn¬ ]pcp-j-∑m¿°pw kvXoIƒ°pw s]mdpØp-

Xtc-W-ta. A√m-lp-th, Rß-fn¬ Bsc Pohn-∏n-®n-cp-Øp-∂pthm

Ahs\ \o Ckvem-an¬Øs∂ \ne-\ndptØ-W-ta. Rß-fn¬

\n∂v Bsc \o acn-∏n-°p-∂pthm Ahs\ \o Cuam-t\m-Sp-IqSn

acn-∏n-t°-W-ta. A√m-lp-th, CXns‚ ]pWyw Rßƒ°v XS-b-

cp-tX. AXn-\p-tijw Hcn-°epw \o Rßsf ]co-£-W-Øn¬

AI-s∏-Sp-Ø-cp-tX.''

A√m-lpth Cbmƒ°p \o s]mdp-Øp-sIm-

Sp-t°-Wta Cbmƒ°p IcpW sNtø-Wta

Cbmƒ°p kuJyw \evtI-Wta Cbmƒ°p am∏p-

sN-bvXp-sIm-Sp -t°-Wta am\y-am-t°-Wta

CbmfpsS BXnYyw hnim-e-am-°p-Ibpw sNtø-Wta


Cbm-fpsS ]th-i\ ÿew Cbmsf Ipfn-∏n-

t°-Wta sh≈wsIm≠pw sFkvsIm≠pw

Ben-∏-gw-sIm≠pw \o ip≤o-I-cn-t°-Wta

]m]-ß-fn¬\n∂v \o ip≤o -I -cn -® -Xp -t]mse

sh≈w hkvXsØ Agp-°n¬\n∂v

\o \evtI-Wta Cbmƒ°v hoSv Cbm-

fpsS hoń-t\-°mƒ D∂-X-amb IpSpw-_hpw

Cbm-fpsS IpSpw-_-°mtc°mƒ DØ-a-amb CWbpw

Cbm-fpsS CW-tb-°mƒ DØ-a-amb

Cbmsf ]th-in-∏n-t°-Wta kz¿§-Øn¬

Cbmsf c£n-t°-Wta J_v-dnse in£-

bn¬ \n∂v A·n-bpsS in£-bn¬\n-∂pw.

A¿∞w:˛ A√m-lp-th, \o Cu acn® Bƒ°v s]mdp-Øp-

sIm-Sp-t°-W-ta. Cbmƒ°v IcpW sNtø-W-ta, kuJyw \evtI-

W-ta, Cbmƒ°v am∏v sNbvXv sImSp-t°-W-ta, Cbm-fpsS

BXnYyw am\y-am-t°-W-ta. Cbm-fpsS ]th-i-\-ÿew hnim-

e-am-t°-W-ta. Cbmsf sh≈w-sIm≠pw sFkp-sIm≠pw Ben-

∏-gw-sIm≠pw Ipfn-∏n-t°-W-ta. sh≈-hkvXw Agp-°n¬\n∂v

\o ip≤o-I-cn-®-Xp-t]mse ]m]-ß-fn¬\n∂v Cbmsf \o ip≤o-I-

cn-t°-W-ta, Cbm-fpsS `h-\-tØ-°mƒ DØ-a-amb Hcp `h-\-

hpw, Cbm-fpsS IpSpw-_-tØ-°mƒ DØ-a-amb Hcp IpSpw-_hpw

Cbm-fpsS Pohn-X-k-Jn-tb-°mƒ DØ-a-bmb Hcp Pohn-X-k-Jn-

tbbpw Cbmƒ°v \o \evtI-W-ta. Cbmsf kz¿§-Øn¬ ]th-

in-∏n-t°-W-ta. J_vdnse in£-bn¬\n∂pw \cIin£-bn¬

\n∂pw Cbmsf \o c£n-t°-W-ta.''


]mb-]q¿Øn hcmØ Ipń-I-fpsS P\m-k-bmWv \a-kvI-cn-

°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ Xmsg ]d-bp∂ ZpB sNmt√-≠-Xm-Wv. BÏp-

ń-°p-th≠n:

A√m-lpth Chs\ Rßƒ°v Bt°-

Wta aps∂m-cp-°-°m-c≥ Chs\ Rßƒ°v

Bt°-Wta ]Xn- -e-Øn\p Imc-W-°m-c≥

Ch-s\ Rßƒ°v Bt°-Wta in]m¿i-I≥

in]m¿i kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥

A¿∞w:˛ ""A√m-lp-th, Cu Ipńsb \o Rßƒ°v Hcp

aps∂m-cp-°-°m-c-\m-t°-W-ta. Chs\ \o Rßƒ°v ]Xn-^-e-

Øn\v Imc-W-am-t°-W-ta. Chs\ \o Rßƒ°v Hcp in]m¿i-

I\pw in]m¿i kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h\pw Bt°-W-ta.

s]Ïp- n-bm-sW-¶n¬:


A√m-lpth Chsf Rßƒ°v B°n-

Ø-tc-Wta aps∂m-cp-°-°mcn Chsf

Rßƒ°v B°n-Ø-tc-Wta ]Xn- eØn\v Imc-W-

°mcn Chsf Rßƒ°v B°n-Ø-tc-Wta

in]m¿iI in]m¿i kzoI-cn-°-s∏Sp-∂-

hƒ

tNmZy-ßƒ

7. tcmKn-bpsS \a-kvImcw hnh-cn-°pI?

8. F¥mWv ^¿fv In^mb?

9. P\mk \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ coXn hnh-cn-°pI?

10. P\mk \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ hnh-cn-°pI?

11. BÏp- n-Iƒ°pw s]Ïp- n-Iƒ°p-ap≈ ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ

hnh-cn-°pI?

****


]mTw˛ 12

lZvdØv apl-ΩZv \_n(-k)

lZvdØv apl-ΩZv \_n(-k) Atd-_ym-cm-PyØv a°m-]-´-W-

Øn¬ InkvXz–w 570 BKkvXv 20 d_n-D¬ A∆¬ 12 (571

G]n¬ 20 d_n-D¬ A∆¬ 9 F∂pw A`n-]m-b-ap≠v)\v P\n-®p.

At±-l-Øns‚ BK-a-\-Øn\paptº temIw apgp-h\pw hgn-]n-

g®pt]mbn-cp-∂p. a\p-jy¿ ssZhsØ Dt]-£n-°-bm¬ F√m-

hcpw A[¿Ω-Øn¬ apgp-In-t∏m-bn-cp-∂p.

Xncp-ta\n ssZh-\n-bp-‡-\m-sW∂v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ

GXm≠v F√m-h-cpw-Xs∂ At±-l-Øns‚ iXp-°-fm-bn-Øo¿∂p.

Ah¿ At±-lsØ D]Z-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. At±-lsØ klm-

bn-°p-hm≥ hfsc Ipd-®p-t]¿ amXsa D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. as‰-

√m-hcpw At±-lsØ D]-Z-hn-°p-∂Xv ]pWy-I¿Ω-am-bn-°-cp-Xn-

bn-cp-∂p. Ct±lw `m¥-\m-Wv, amc-W-°m-c-\m-Wv, Ihn-bm-Wv, Zpkz-

]v\-ßƒ ImWp-∂-h-\mWv Fs∂√mw Ah¿ Bt£-]n-®p.

"Ct±lw k¥m-\-c-ln-X-\m-Wv, Ct±-lØn\p-tijw Cu

]ÿm\w \in-®p-t]m-Ip'-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂-hcpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

]t£, \_(-k) Xncp-ta\n ]d™p: ""Ft∂mSv A√mlp ]d-bp-

∂p, \nßƒs°s∂ H∂pw sNøm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√. Ah≥

Fs∂ c£n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. \nß-sfs∂ hniz-kn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬

Cu temIØv \nßƒ hnP-bn-°p-Ibpw ]c-tem-IØv \nßƒ°v

[mcmfw A\p-Klw e`n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. F∂m¬, \nß-sfs∂

\ntj-[n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Cu temIØv \nßƒ ]cm-P-b-a-S-bp-


Ibpw ]c-tem-IØv ITn-\-amb _p≤n-ap- p-Iƒ A\p- -hn-°pIbpw

\c-I-Øn¬ ]Xn°p-Ibpw sNøpw.''

CsX√mw tI -t∏mƒ P\-ßƒ ]cn-l-kn-°p-I-bmWv sNbvX-

Xv. ]t£, \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n AsXm∂pw hI-sh-°msX Xs‚

tPmen \n¿∆-ln-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cp-∂p. ItaW Nne \√ a\p-jy¿

At±-lsØ hniz-kn®p XpSßn. Ah¿ _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[\ Dt]-

£n-°p-Ibpw GIssZhm-cm-[\ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

]pcp-j-∑m-cn¬\n∂v H∂m-a-Xmbn Xncp-ta-\nsb hniz-kn-®Xv

lZvdØv A_q-_-°¿(-d)Dw kvXoI-fn¬\n∂v lZvdØv JZo-P(d)

bpw Ipń-I-fn¬\n∂v lZvdØv Aen(-d)bpw ASn-a-I-fn¬\n∂v

lZvdØv kbvZv(-d)Dw lZvdØv _nem¬(-d)Dw Bbn-cp-∂p.

BZysØ aq∂v sIm√w \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n cl-ky-ambn

]t_m-[\w \S-Øn-h-∂p. ]n∂oSv ]c-ky-am-bn v ]t_m-[\w Bcw-

`n-®p. Ckvemw ]N-cn®p XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ iXp-°ƒ \_n(-k)

Xncp-ta-\nsb h[n-°m≥ Hcp-ßn. At∏mƒ ssZh-I-ev]-\-b-\p-k-

cn®v Xs‚ ]nb-s∏´ kztZ-i-amb a°sb Dt]-£n®v aZo-\-bn-

te°v At±lw lnPvd (]-em-b-\w) sNbvXp. Ahn-sS-h®v kzX-

¥-ambn ]t_m-[\w \S-Øn-b-Xns‚ ê-ambn Ckvemw AXn-

th-K-Øn¬ ]N-cn-®p-Xp-S-ßn. CXv iXp-°ƒ°v Xosc kln-®n-

√. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\nsb \in-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ Ahn-sSbpw

FØn. ssZh-I-ev]-\-b-\p-k-cn®v \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\nbv°v Bfl-

c-£m¿∞w Ah-tcmSv bp≤w sNtø-≠n-h-∂p. F√m bp≤-ß-

fnepw iXp-°ƒ ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p. A_q-P-l¬, DXv_, tibv_

apX-emb iXp-t\-Xm-°-∑m¿ bp≤-Øn¬ sIm√-s∏-´p. iXp-°-

fpsS F√m Dt±-iy-ßfpw XI¿∂p Xcn-∏-W-am-bn. Ah-km\w

\_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n a°m-]- Ww Pbn-®-S-°n. F∂m¬, Ah-tcmSv

Xosc- ]-Xn-Imcw sNbvXn-√. adn-®v, F√m-h¿°pw am∏p-sIm-Sp-

Øp. At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-Im-eØpXs∂ Atd_y apgp-h\pw

Ckvemw-aXw kzoI-cn-®p. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\nsb hniz-kn-®-h¿


kmØzn-Icpw temI-Øn\v amXr-I-bp≈hcp-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. Ah¿

Cu temIØv hnP-bn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿°v cmPm-[n-Imcw e`n-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. ]c-tem-IØpw Ah¿ hn-P-bn-I-fm-bn-Øo¿∂p.

\_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS kz`m-h-KpWßƒ hfsc D∂-X-

am-bn-cp-∂p. kIe k¬Kp-W-ßfpw \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bn¬

ktΩ-fn-®n-cp-∂p. A√mlp At±-l-Øn\v [mcmfw [\w \evIn.

]t£, AsX√mw Ahn-S∂v ssZh-am¿§-Øn¬ sNe-h-gn-®p. X\n-

°p-th≠n H∂pw _m°n-sh-®n-√. kz¥-ambn Hcp sIńSwt]mepw

\n¿Ωn-®n-√, aÆpsIm≠v \n¿Ωn-°-s∏´ hoSp-I-fn¬ Pohn-X-Imew

apgp-h\pw Ign-®p-Iq- n. iXp-°ƒ°p-t]mepw \∑ sNbvXp. km[p-

°sf kZm klm-bn-®p. AXn-Yn-Isf k¬°-cn-®p. AhnS∂v

hfsc [oc\pw kl-\-io-e\pw hf-sc-b-[nIw hn´p-hogvN sNøp∂

Bfpw ImgvN-bn¬ Kmwò-cy-ap≈ Bfpw F∂m¬, kuay-io-

e\pw Bbn-cp-∂p. Hcp XhW At±-l-Øns‚ kZ- n¬ Ccp-∂p-

I-gn-™m¬ Ahn-sS-\n∂v Fgp-t∂-‰p-t]m-Im≥ Bfp-Iƒ C„-

s∏-ń-cp-∂n-√.

At±-l-Øn\v A√mlp hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ Cd-°n-s°m-Sp-Øp.

B ]hn-X-KŸw A¥y-\mƒhsc \ne-\nev°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Hcn-

°epw AXv Zp¿∫-e-s∏-´p-t]m-Ip-I-bn-√. At±-l-Øns‚ Bflo-

bm-\p-K-l-ßfpw A¥y-\mƒhsc \ne-\n-ev°pw. At±lw aptJ-

\-b-√msX H-cmƒ°pw H-cp-hn[ Bflo-bm-\p-K-lhpw e`y-am-Ip-

I-bn-√.

\_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n°v ]Xn-s\m∂v `mcy-am-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Ah-cn¬ lZvdØv Bbn-im(-d) Hgn®v as‰-√m-hcpw hn[-h-I-fm-bn-

cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS kwc-£Ww Xm≥ Gev°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.

\mep]pX-∑m-cpw, \mep]pXn-amcpw At±-l-Øn-∂p-≠m-bn. ]pX-

∑m¿ ssii-h-Øn¬Øs∂ ac-W-s∏- p. ]pXn-am¿ hf¿∂v hnhm-

ln-X-cm-bn-´p-≠v. ]pX-∑m-cpsS t]cv Jmknw, Xzmln¿, Xzøn-_v,

C_vdm-low F∂n-ß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]pXn-am-cp-sS -t]cv kbv\-


_v, dpJn-ø, DΩp-Ip¬kqw, ^mØna F∂pw Bbn-cp-∂p.

lZvdØv dpJn-øm(-d)-tbbpw lZvdØv DΩp-Ip¬kqw(-d)-tbbpw

H∂n-\p-tijw as‰m-∂mbn lZvdØv Dkvam≥(-d) hnhmlw

sNbvXp. lZvdØv kbv\-_v(-d)sb A_p¬-B-kzv(-d)Dw lZvdØv

^mØn-a(-d)sb lZvdØv Aen(-d)bpw BWv hnhmlw sNbvXn-

cp-∂-Xv. Ch-cn¬ lZvdØv mØn-a(-d)-bv°-√msX a‰m¿°pw k¥m-

\-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. lZvdØv ^mØn-am(-d)-bpsS k¥m-\-

ßƒ°v kønZv F∂p ]d-™p-h-cp-∂p.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. \_n(-k) P\n-®Xv FhnsS?

2. \_n-(k) P\n®sX-t∏mƒ?

3. \_n(-k) ssZh-\n-bp-‡-\m-sW∂v ]Jym-]n-®-t∏mƒ P\-ß-

fpsS ]Xn-I-cWw F¥m-bn-cp∂p?

4. Fs¥√mw ]d-™mWv \_n(-k)sb Bfp-Iƒ Bt£-]n-

®Xv?

5. FXn¿∏ns\ Ah-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v \_n(-k) P\-ß-tfmSv ]d-

™-sX-¥m-bn-cp∂p?

6. \_n(-k)-bpsS `mcy-am-cn¬ lZvdØv Bbn-i(-d)-bv°p≈

]tXy-I-X-sb¥v?

7. \_n(-k)-bv°v FX a°-fp≠v? Ah-cpsS t]cp-Iƒ?

8. \_n( -k)bpsS s]ä-°-fpsS `¿Øm-°-∑m-cpsS

t]sc¥v?

****


]mTw˛ 13

lZvdØv A_q-_-°¿(-d)

lZvdØv A_q-_-°¿(-d) \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS klm-

_n-am-cn¬ AK-K-Wy-\m-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ ]nXm-hns‚ t]¿

A_q-Jp-lm^m F∂pw amXm-hns‚ t]¿ DΩp¬Jbv¿ k¬am

F∂pw BWv. At±-l-Øn\v \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-sb-°mƒ Hcp

hb v Ipd-hm-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw JpssdinI-fnse Hcp ][m-

\nbpw kº-∂\pw hym]m-cnbpw Bbn-cp-∂p. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n

Xs‚ ZuXyw ]Jym-]n-®-t∏mƒ BZy-ambn hniz-kn-®Xv lZvdØv

A_q-_-°¿ (d) Bbn-cp-∂p. A\-¥cw At±-l-Øn\v hf-sc-b-

[nIw _p≤n-ap-´p-Iƒ A\p-`-hn-t°-≠n-h-∂p. ]t£, At±lw

\_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\nsb Hcn-°epw ssIhn-ń-√. F√m hn]¬L-´-

ß-fnepw ss[cy-k-taXw apt∂m- p-t]m-bn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. \_n(k)

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS lnPvdm-th-f-bn¬ ku¿ Kpl-bn¬ A`bw ]m]n-

®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv lZvdØv A_q-_-°¿(-d)

amX-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu hkvXpX Jp¿-B-\n¬ ]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≠v.

At±lw AK-Xn-I-tfmSpw A\m-Y-tcmSpw hfsc Zb ImWn-®n-cp-

∂p. km[p-°ƒ°v At±lw henb Hcm-i-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ckvemw-

aXw kzoI-cn-®-t∏mƒ Xs‚ kzØp-°-sf√mw B alm≥ Ckvem-

an\pw apkvenw-Iƒ°pw th≠n sNe-h-gn-®p-Xp-S-ßn. ""F\n°v

F√m-h-tc-°mfpw IqSp-X-embn A_q-_-°-dns‚ [\w ]tbm-P-

\-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p'' F∂v \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n Acpƒ-s®-bvXn- p-≠v.

\_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-sSm∏w F√m bp≤-ß-fnepw lZvdØv

A_q-_-°¿(-d) ]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw ][m-\-amb ]e IrXy-ßfpw

\n¿∆-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≠v. D¬°r„ kz`m-h-Kp-W-ß-fpsS


DS-abm-bn-cp∂ At±-lw kuay-a-\-kvI\pw ZrV-Nn-Ø-\p-am-bn-

cp-∂p. Ckvemw-aX ]Nm-c-W-Øn¬ At±lw henb ]¶v hln-

®n-´p-≠v. At±-l-Øns‚ ]t_m-[\w \nanØw ]e tKmX-ß-fn-

tebpw am\y-hy-‡n-Iƒ Ckvemw-aXw kzoI-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS ]nb-]Xv\n lZvdØv Bbn-im(d) At±-l-

Øns‚ ]pXn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ Jnem-^Øv Ime-

ØmWv hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ KŸ-cq-]-Øn¬ tImUo-I-cn-°-s∏-ń-

´p-≈-Xv. \_n-(k) Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS hntbm-Km-\-¥cw At±lw Xncp-

ta-\n-bpsS H∂m-asØ Jeo-^-bmbn Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´p. c≠v

sIm√w aq∂v amkw ]Øv Znhkw Jnem-^Øv \S-Øn-b-Xn-\p-

tijw At±lw Nc-a-KXn ]m]n-®p.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. A_q-_-°¿(-d)s‚ ]nXm-hns‚ t]sc¥v?

2. amXm-hns‚ t]sc¥v?

3. \_n(-k)-Xn-cp-ta-\nbpw A_q-_-°¿(-d)Dw XΩn-ep≈ ]mb-

hy-Xym-k-saX?

4. Bcm-bn-cp∂ A_q_-°¿(d)?

5. \_n(-k)sb BZyw hniz-kn-®-Xmcv?

6. Ft∏mgpw \_n(-k)tbmsSm∏w D≠m-bn-c-p∂-Xmcv?

7. \_n(-k) A_q-_-°¿(-d)-s\ -Ipdn®v A`n-]m-b-s∏- -sX¥v?

8. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\nbpw lZvdØv A_q-_-°¿(-d)Dw XΩn-

ep-≈ IpSpw-_-_-‘-sa¥v?

9. BcpsS Ime-ØmWv hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ KŸ-cq-]-Øn-em-

°-s∏-´Xv?

10. \_n(-k)-\p-tijw h∂ H∂m-asØ Jeo- -bpsS t]sc¥v?

11. A_q-_-°¿(d)s‚ Jnem-^-Øp-Imew FX-bm-bncp∂p?

****


]mTw˛ 14

Camw alvZn (-A)

hmKvZØ alvZnbpw akolpamb lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw

AlvaZv JmZn-bm-\n(-A) lnPvd h¿jw 1250 i∆m¬ 14-˛\v (1835

^n_p-hcn 13) sh≈n-bmgvN ]pe¿s® ]©m_v kwÿm-\-Ønse

Kpcp-Zm-kv]q¿ Pn√-bnse JmZn-bm-\n¬ P\n-®p. At±lw P\-ß-

fpsS am¿§-Z¿i-\-Øn\pw temIØv kXy-hn-izmkw ÿm]n-°p-

∂-Xn\pw th≠n A√mlp \ntbm-Kn-®-b® Znhym-flm-°-fn¬ Hcm-

fm-Ip-∂p. A√mlp At±-lsØ Cu Ime-tØ-°p-th≠n Fgp-

t∂-ev∏n-°p-Ibpw At±lw aptJ\ Ckvem-ans\ apgp-h≥

temIØpw hnP-bn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. Ckvem-ans‚

kpµ-c-ap-JØv ]‰n-∏n-Sn-®n-cp∂ s]mSn]S-e-ßƒ At±lw XpS-

®p-\o-°n. a\p-jysc k∑m¿§-Øn-te°v \bn-°p-hm≥th≠n

Xs∂ A√m-lp- \ntbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂v At±lw ]Jym-]n-

®p. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n aptJ\ A√mlp hmKvZm\w sNbvX

akolpw alvZn-bpw, Ah-km\ ImeØv BK-X-\m-Ipsa∂v F√m

aX-ß-fnepw ]h-Nn-°-s∏- n- p≈ ]cn-jvI¿Ømhpw Xm\m-sW∂

hkvXpX At±lw A√m-lp-hn-s\-s°m≠v kXyw sNbvXv hnfw-

_-c-s∏-Sp-Øn. Ckvem-ans\ ]p\-cp-≤-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw i‡n-s∏-Sp-

Øp-∂-Xn-∂p-ambn Xs∂ A√mlp \ntbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw

X\n°v A\n-X-c-km-[m-c-W-amb Jp¿-B-\n-I-⁄m\w \evI-s∏- n-

cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw At±lw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-

bpsS ÿm\-am-\-ßfpw alØzhpw P\-ßƒ°v a\- n-em-°n-


s°m-Sp-°p-hm\pw Ckvem-ans\ a‰p aX-ß-fp-sS-ta¬ hnP-bn-∏n-

°p-hm\pw th≠n-bmWv Xm≥ Ab-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈-sX∂v At±lw

]d-™p. Xm≥ blq-Zn-Iƒ°pw InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°pw ako-lpw,

lnµp-°ƒ°v IrjvW\p-am-sW∂v At±lw Adn-bn-®p. At±-l-

Øns‚ hmZw tI -t∏mƒØs∂ P\-ßƒ At±-lsØ FXn¿Øp.

]fin-X-∑m¿ At±-l-Øn-s‚-ta¬ "Ip vdv Xvh' hn[n-°pIbpw

At±-lhpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw h[m¿l-cm-sW∂v ]Jym-]n-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. kI-e-hn[ tZml-ßfpw At±-l-Øn-t∂evt°-≠n

h∂p. ]t£, A√mlp F√m -cw-K-ß-fnepw At±-l-Øn\v hnPbw

\evIn. F√m D]-Z-h-ß-fn¬\n∂pw At±-lsØ c£-s∏-Sp-Øn.

At±-l-Øns‚ iXp-°ƒ \mi-a-S-™p. At±-l-Øns‚ kXyX

sXfnbn-°m-\mbn \_n-(k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]h-N-\-a-\p-k-cn®v

Htc daZm≥ amk-Øn¬ kqcy-N-µ-K-l-W-ß-fp-≠m-bn. \_n(-

k) ]h-Nn® Zm∫-Øp¬ A¿fv F∂ tπKv hym[n At±-l-Øns‚

iXp-°sf XpS-®p-\o-°n. Bcykam-P-Øns‚bpw InkvXp-a-X-

Øn-s‚bpw AkvXn-hm-csØ At±lw XI¿Øp. Ckvem-ans‚

kXy-X-sb-°p-dn®v sNdp-Xpw- h-ep-Xp-amb F¨]-Xne-[nIw KŸ-

w At±lw cNn-®p. \qdp-°-W-°mb eLp-te-J-Iƒ ]kn-≤-s∏-

Sp-Øn. Ign™ ]Xn-aq∂v \q‰m-≠n-\p-≈n¬ At±-lsØt∏mep≈

Hcmƒ thsd D≠m-bn- n-s√∂v iXp-°ƒ t]mepw km£yw hln-

®p. At±-l-Øns‚ BK-a--Øn\paptº \ncm-ew-_ambn ÿnXn-

sN-bvXn-cp∂ Ckvemw AXns‚ BZym-h-ÿ-bn-te°v Xncn-®p-h-

∂p. Bt£]w D∂-bn-®n-cp∂ kIe aX-ÿcpw Ct∏mƒ Ckvem-

ans‚ apºn¬ hcm≥ b-s∏-Sp-∂p. \mw B alm-flm-hns\ akolv

auDu-Zv˛ hmKvZØ akolv F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

lZvdØv akolv auDu-Zv(-A) Hcp Pam-AØv ÿm]n-°p-I-

bp-≠m-bn. AXsX AØ-co-J-Øp¬ Alva-Znøm AYhm Alva-

Znøm Pam-A-Øv. Cu PamAØv icn-bmb A¿∞-Øn¬ Ckvemw

A\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂p. ico-A-Øns‚ F√m Iev]-\-Ifpw kzoI-


cn-°p-Ibpw A√m-lp-hn\pw Ahs‚ dkq-en\pw th≠n Poh≥

_en-b¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p; Zo\n\v Zp≥bm-hn-t\-°mƒ

]m[m\yw \evIp-∂p; temIØp apgp-h\pw Ckvem-ans\ ]N-cn-

∏n-°p∂p; ]≈n-Iƒ ÿm]n-°p-∂p. InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ tIµÿm\-

amb e≠≥ ]´-W-Øn¬t]mepw apkvenw-]≈n \n¿Ωn-®n-cn-°p-

∂p. B ]≈n-bpsS t]¿ "akvPnZv ^kv¬' F∂-sX.

lZvdØv akolv auDu-Zv(-A)s‚ Cu Pam-A-Øv Alva-Znøm

Pam-A-Øv Ct∏mƒ temI-Øns‚ F√m tImWp-I-fnepw hym]n®p

Ign™ncn°p-∂p. Alva-Znøm Pam-AØv ÿm]n-X-am-ImØ

h≥I-c-Itfm \mSp-Itfm Cs√-∂p-Xs∂ ]dbmw. Bflo-b-ambn

arXn-b-S™v InS-∂n-cp∂ Bfp-Isf At±lw Bflo-b-ambn Pohn-

∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Aßs\ Bflo-b-Po-h≥ Xncn-®p-In- nb Bfp-

Iƒ Ct∏mƒ a‰p-≈-h¿°pw Bflo-b-Po-h≥ \evIn-h-cp-∂p.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. lZvdØv AlvaZv(-A) P\n-®-sX-t∏mƒ? FhnsS?

2. lZvdØv AlvavZv(A)s\ A√mlp \ntbm-Kn-®-sX-¥n\v?

3. lZvdØv Alva-Zv(-A)s‚ hmZw F¥m-bn-cp∂p?

4. lZvdØv Alva-Zv(-A) Xs‚ hmZw ]Jym-]n-®-t∏mƒ apkvenw

]fin-X-∑m-cpsS ]Xn-I-c-W-sa-¥m-bn-cp∂p?

5. lZvdØv Alva-Zv(-A)s‚ kXy-Øn-\mbn \_n(-k) ]h-

Nn® AS-bm-f-ß-sf-s¥√mw?

6. hmZ-Øn\p aptº lZvdØv Alva-Zv(-A)s\°p-dn®v iXp-

°ƒ°p≈ A`n-]m-b-sa-¥m-bn-cp∂p?

7. lZvdØv Alva-Zv(-A) ÿm]n® Pam-A-Øns‚ t]sc¥v?

8. Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Ønse AwK-ß-fpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

Fs¥√mw?

****


]mTw˛ 15

Jeo-^-Øp¬ akolv A∆¬

lZvdØv akolv auDu-Zv(-A)s‚ H∂m-asØ Jeo^ lZvdØv

auem\m lIow \qdp-±o≥(-d) GXm≠v 1841-˛¬ imlv]q¿ Pn√-

bnse "t`c' F∂ ÿeØv P\n-®p. ssii-h-Imew AhnsS

Ign-®p-Iq-ń. Xs‚ tPjvT-k-tlm-Zc-\n¬\n∂v A°m-eØv \S-

∏p≈ coXn-bn¬ aX-]-c-amb ]mY-anI hnZy-Iƒ A`y-kn-®p. A\-

¥cw dmh¬]n-≠n-bn¬\n∂v "t\m¿a¬' F∂ ]co£ ]m m-b-

Xn-\p-tijw "]n≠vZm-Z≥Jm≥' F∂ ÿeØv ][m-\m-[ym-]-I-

\mbn \nb-an-°-s∏-´p-sh-¶nepw Db¿∂ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-∂mbn

DtZymKw cmPn-sh®v U¬ln-bn-te°v t]mbn. dmw]q¿, eIv\u,

t`m]m¬ apX-emb ÿe-ß-fnse ]kn≤ hnZym-e-b-ßfn¬\n∂v

At±lw aX-hn-⁄m-\-ßfpw sshZy-im-kvXhpw ]Tn-®p. Ahn-

sS-\n∂v At±lw ]cn-ip≤ l÷pI¿Ωw \n¿∆-ln-°m-\mbn a°-

bn-te°v t]mbn. a°-bn¬h®v ]e lZokv ]fin-X-∑m-cn¬\n∂pw

lZokv hn⁄m\w Ic-ÿ-am-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ ss\]pWyw t\Sp-

Ibpw sNbvXp. Atd-_y-bn¬\n∂pw Xncn-®p-h-∂-Xn-\p-tijw

Xs‚ kztZ-i-amb t`c-bn¬ Hcp sshZy-ime \S-Øn. ASpØpw

Zqsc-bp-ap≈ ]e ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬\n∂pw [mcmfw tcmKn-Iƒ h∂p-

Xp-S-ßn. ]t£, Hcp kz]v\sØ B[m-c-am°n At±lw Imivao¿

alm-cm-Pm-hns‚ sIm´mcsshZy-\mbn tPmen sNøm≥ kΩ-Xn-

®p. 1891 hsc AhnsS Xma-kn-®p. cmP-k-Z n¬ At±-l-Øn\v

hfsc _lp-am\w kn≤n-®n-cp-∂p. ]n∂o-S-t±lw kztZ-i-tØ-°p-


aS-ßn. AhnsS Xma-k-Øn\pw sshZy-im-e°pw th≠n sIń-

SØns‚ ]Wn-bm--cw- n-®p. X¬kw-_-‘-amb Nne Bh-iym¿∞w

At±-l-Øn\v emtlm-dn-te°v htc-≠n-h-∂p. Ahn-sS-sb-Øn-b-

t∏mƒ lZvdØv akolv auDu-Zv(-A)-t\mSv X\n-°p≈ AXy-[n-I-

amb kvt\lhpw _‘hpw \nanØw JmZn-bm-\n¬ sN∂v lZvdØv

akolv auDu-Zv(-A)s\ kµ¿in-°msX aS-ßn--t∏mIm≥ At±lw

C„-s∏- n-√. AhnsS lZvdØv auehn A–p¬I-cow- km-ln_pw

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. "lZvdØv akolv auDu-Zv(-A)s‚ Dt±iyw Xm¶ƒ

Chn-sS-Øs∂ Xma-kn-°-W-sa-∂m-sW∂v tXm∂p∂p' F∂v

auehn A–p¬Icow kmln_v ]d-™p. "AXp icn' F∂v ]d-

™p-sIm≠v At±lw JmZn-bm-\n¬Øs∂ Xma-k-ap-d-∏n-®p.

At±lw Znh-tk\ cmhnse kvXoIƒ°pw sshIp-t∂cw

"akvPnZv AJvkm-'bn¬sh®v ]pcp-j-∑m¿°pw Jp¿-B≥ Z¿kv

sImSp-°m-dp-≠m-b-ncp-∂p. ]I¬ ka-bØv hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v

lZokv KŸ-ßfpw sshZy-K-Ÿ-ßfpw ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw

tcmKn-Isf NnIn-’n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-h-∂p. IqSmsX lZvdØv

akolv auDu-Zv(-A)s‚ k∂n-[n-bn¬ IqsS-°qsS lmP-cm-hp-

Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p.

1908-˛¬ lZvdØv akolv auDu-Zv(A) Ncaw ]m]n-®-t∏mƒ

Pam-AØv sFI-I-WvtTy\ At±-lsØ Jeo- -bmbn Xnc-s™-

Sp-°p-Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚ ssIbn¬ _bv-AØv sNøp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. Aß-s\-bmWv "hmKvZ-Ø-a-ko-ln-s‚ Jeo^' F∂¿∞-

Øn¬ At±-lsØ "Jeo- -Øp¬ akolv' F∂p \mw ]d-bp-∂-

Xv. JmZn-bm-\nse XA-veo-ap¬ Ckvemw sslkvIq-fn-t‚bpw

t_m¿Unßv lukn-t‚bpw henb sIń-S-ßƒ At±-l-Øns‚

Jnem-^Øv ImeØv \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p. \q¿ Bip-]-

Xnbpw akvPn-Zv\qdpw At±-l-Øns‚ Ime-Øns‚ kvamc-I-ßfpw

At±-l-Øns‚ \ma-Øn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-h-bp-am-Ip-∂p. "A¬

^kv¬' ]Xhpw "\q¿' ]Xhpw At±-l-Øns‚ ImeØv Bcw-


`n®Xm-Wv. e≠-\n¬ X_veoKv anj≥ ÿm]n-®n-´p-≈Xpw At±-

l-Øns‚ A\p-Kr-loXIme-Øp-X-s∂-bm-Wv.

_wKm-fnse ]kn≤ ]fin-X\pw alm\pw AlvaZ-nøm Pam-

A-Øns‚ ap_-√n-Kp-am-bn-cp∂ auehn kønZv A–p¬ hmlnZv

kmln_v _b-vAØv sNbvXv PmA-Øn¬ ]th-in-®Xv At±-l-

Øns‚ Ime-Øm-bn-cp∂p F∂ Imcyw ]tXyIw ]kvXm-hy-am-

Wv. auehn A–p¬ hmlnZv kmln_v aptJ\ \qdp°-W-°n\v

Bfp-Iƒ _bv-AØv sNbvXn-´p-≠v.

1914 am¿®v 13-˛mw XnøXn sh≈n-bmgvN lZvdØv Jeo^m

A∆¬(-d) h^m-Øm-bn.

At±lw Xs‚ Bflm¿∞-Xbpw ssZh-`-‡nbpw \nanØw

lZvdØv akolv auDu-Zv(-A)\v hfsc ]nb-¶-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. At±-

l-Øns‚ HuZmcyw s]mXpsh F√m-h¿°pw D]tbmKs∏ń-cp-

∂p. Bbn-c-°W-°mb apkvenw-Ifpw InkvXym-\n-Ifpw lnµp-

°fpw Hcp Xc-Øn-e-s√-¶n¬ as‰m-cp-X-c-Øn¬ At±-l-Øns‚

HuZm-cy-Øn\v IS-s∏- -h-cm-Wv. At±-lsØ°pdn®v Hm¿°p-tºmƒ

Ah¿ IÆp-\o¿ Hgp-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

H´-[nIw hnZym¿∞n-Isf At±lw kz¥w sNe-hn¬ hnZym-

`ymkw sNøn-®p. \qdp°-W-°n\v Bfp-Isf At±lw kzbw

]Tn-∏n-®p. ]e-tcbpw l÷v sNøn-®p. ]e km[p-°-fp-tSbpw IS-

ßƒ ho´-ns°m-Sp-Øp. F√m-h¿°pw kZp-]-tZ-i-ßƒ \evIn.-

tcmKn-Iƒ°v acp-∂p-Iƒ kuP-\y-ambn \evIn-h-∂p. NnIn-’-

°p-th≠n Hc-n°epw okv Bh-iy-s∏- n-cp-∂n-√. h√Xpw sImSp-

Øm¬ kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øn\v A√mlp kz¿§-Øn¬

D∂-Xÿm\w \evIp-am-dm-I-s´. Bao≥.

At±-l-Øns‚ Jnem-^Øv Imew 5 sIm√w 9 amkw 18


Znhkw Bbn-cp-∂p.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. hmKvZØ ako-lns‚ H∂m-asØ Jeo-^-bpsS t]sc¥v?

2. lZvdØv l°ow \qdp-±o≥ kmln-_v(-d) P\n-®-sX-t∏mƒ?

FhnsS?

3. Bcn¬\n-∂mWv aX-]-c-amb hnZym- ymkw Ic-ÿ-am-°n-bXv?

4. dmh¬]n-≠n-bn¬\n∂v At±lw GXv ]co-£-bmWv ]mkm-

bXv?

5. ][m-\m-[ym-]-I-\mbn At±lw \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏- Xv FhnsS?

6. At±lw GsX√mw ÿe-ß-fn¬\n∂v hnZym- ymkw t\Sn?

7. lZvdØv l°ow \qdp-±o≥(-d) JmZn-bm-\n¬ h∂-sX-ßs\?

8. lZvdØv l°ow \qdp-±o≥(-d) Jeo-^-bmb h¿jw GXv?

9. At±-l-Øns‚ A\p-Kr-lo-X-Im-esØ t\ -ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

10. At±lw h^m-Øm-bsXt∏mƒ?

11. At±-l-Øns‚ Jnem-^Øv Imew FX h¿j-am-bn-cp∂p?

****


hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ Nne A[ym-]-\-ßƒ

1. A√mlp GI-\m-Ip-∂p. Ah\v bmsXmcp ]¶p-Im-cp-an-√.

Ah≥ k¿∆-i-‡\pw F√mØn-t‚bpw A[n-Im-cnbpw

]cn]meI\pw A\m-Zy\pw A\-¥\pw kzmi-b-\p-am-Ip-∂p.

2. apl-ΩZv apkvX-^m(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sS-ta¬ Ft∏mgpw

kzemØv sNm√n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I.

3. apl-Ω-Zv(-k) Xncp-ta-\nsb kvt\ln-°p-I. Xncp-ta-\nsb Xß-

fpsS Poh-t\-°mƒ ]nb-s∏´ Bfmbn KWn-°p-I.

4. Ft∏mgpw "Xu_'bpw "CkvXn-Kv^mdpw' sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p-I.

5. ]m]w sNø-cp-Xv.

6. ]m¿∞-\m-\n-c-X-cm-Ip-I.

7. Ft∏mgpw A√m-l-phns\ `b-s∏-SpI.

8. hn\oX PohnXw \bn-°pI.

9. At\ym\yw Ie-ln-°-cpXv.

10. Btcbpw tZmln-°-cpXv.

11. A©p-t\-cw \a-kvI-cn-°pI.

12. A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-K-l-ßƒ°v \µn ImWn°pI.

13. _‘p-°-fp-tSbpw AK-Xn-I-fp-tSbpw ]c-tZ-in-I-fp-tSbpw


Ah-Im-i-ßƒ Ah¿°v \evIp-I.

14. hnln-Xhpw ip≤-hp-amb `£Ww Ign-°p-I.

15. Bsc-∏-‰nbpw anYym-tcm-]Ww D∂-bn-°-cp-Xv.

16. Zp¿hybw AcpXv.

17. hy`n-Nm-c-Nn¥ Xo≠p-I-t]mepw AcpXv.

18. kXy-hm-∑m-cp-ambn kl-h-kn-°p-I.

19. Ft∏mgpw k¬°¿Ω-ßƒ sNøp-I.

20. Zpjv°¿Ω-ßsf h¿÷n-°p-I.

\_n-h-N-\-ß-fnse D]-tZi-ßƒ

1. \nßƒ ssZhsØ ImWp∂p F∂ `mh-Øn¬ As√-¶n¬

Ipd-™-]£w Ah≥ \n-ßsf ImWp∂p F∂ t_m[-tØm-

Sp-IqSn Ahs\ Bcm-[n-°p-I.

2. Xn∑sb h¿÷n-°p-I.

3. hn\-b-`mhw ssIs°m-≈p-I.

4. ùXn-I-X-bn¬ ebn-°cp-Xv.

5. hen-b-hsc _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNdn-b-h-tcmSv Zb ImWn-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

6. A√m-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs‚ dkq-en-s\bpw kvt\-ln-°pI.

7. dkq¬(k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS IpSpw-_-sØbpw klm-_n-am-

scbpw kvt\ln-°p-I.

8. Akq-bbpw ]Ibpw Dt]-£n-°p-I.

9. A\m-h-iy-Im-cy-ßsf h¿÷n-°p-I.

10. a¿±n-Xsc klm-bn-°p-I.


11. a¿±-\sØ XS-bpI.

12 F√m-h-tcmSpw \√ \ne-bn¬ s]cp-am-dp-I.

13. I≈-km£yw ]d-b-cp-Xv.

14. tPymXn-j-°m-cpsS hm°p-Iƒ hniz-kn-°-cp-Xv.

15. AXm-Xp-Im-esØ `c-W-I¿Øm-°sf A\p-k-cn-°p-I.

16. IogvPo-h-\-°m-tcmSv \√-\n-e-bn¬ s]cp-am-dp-I.

17. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS amXrI kzoI-cn-°p-I.

18. [mcmfw Zm\-[¿Ω-ßƒ sNøp-I. (hninjym da-Zm-\n¬)

19. A√m-lp-hns\ hf-sc-b-[nIw kvacn-°p-I.

20. Bcp-tSbpw a\ v thZ-\n-∏n-°-cp-Xv.


kqdØp√-l_v

1. ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-a-b-\p-amb A√m-lp-hns‚ \ma-

Øn¬. 2. A_q-e-l-_ns‚ (Pzm-e-bpsS ]nXm-hn-s‚) Ccp-I-c-

ßfpw XI¿∂p. Ah≥X-s∂bpw XI¿∂p. 3. Ahs‚ [\tam

Ah≥ ]cn-i-an®p kºm-Zn-®tXm Ah-s\mcp ]tbm-P-\hpw

sNbvXn-√. 4. Xma-kn-bmsX Ah≥ Pzme-bp≈ A·n-bn¬ IS-

s∂-cnbp-∂-Xm-Wv; 5. hnd-Ip-Np-a-´p-Im-cn-bmb Ahs‚ mcybpw.

6. Ah-fpsS Igp-Øn¬ CuØ-∏-\-\m-cp-sIm-≠p≈ (ap-dp-°n-∏n-

cn-®) Hcp Ib-dp-≠v.

\ma-Øn¬ (Rm≥ Bcw- n-°p∂p) A√m-lp-hns‚

]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I≥ Icp-Wm-a-b≥ Ah≥

\in®p c≠p ssIIƒ ]nXmhv XobpsS

Ah≥ Xs∂bpw \in®p D]-Im-c-s∏- n√ Ah\v

Ahs‚ [\w bmsXm∂pw Ah≥ kºm-Zn®

Ah≥ IS-s∂-cnbpw Xobn¬ D≈-Xmb

Pzme Ahs‚ `mcybpw Npa- p-Imcn hnd-

Ins‚ Ah-fpsS Igp-Øn¬ Ib¿ CuØ-

∏-\-\mcp ]ncn-®.


kqdØp¬ CJvemkv


Øn¬. 2. ]d-bp-I, Ah≥ A√m-lp-hm-Ip∂p; GI≥. 3. A√mlp

\n-cm-ib\m-Wv. 4. Ah≥ Btcbpw P\n-∏n-®n-ń-√. Ah≥ P\n-

∏n-°-s∏-´-h-\p-a-√. 5. Ah\v Xpey-\m-bn´v Bcp-an-√.

\ma-Øn¬ (Rm≥ Bcw-`n-°p∂p) A√m-lp-hns‚

]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I≥ Icp-Wm-a-b≥ \o ]d-

bpI Ah≥ A√mlp GI-\m-Ip∂p

A√mlp \ncm-i-b≥ Ah≥ Btcbpw P\n-

∏n-®n- n√ Ah≥ P\n-∏n-°-s∏-´-h-\p-a√

C√ Ah\v Xpey-\m-bn´v Bcpw


kqdØp¬ eJv


Øn¬. 2. \o ]d-bp-I, ]`m-X-Øns‚ c£n-Xm-hns\ Rm≥

A`bw tXSp-∂p. 3. Ah≥ kr„n-®n-´p-≈-h-bpsS D]-ZhØn¬

\n-∂v. 4. Ccp-´m-°p-∂-hs‚ D]-Z-h-Øn¬\n∂v AXv ]c-∂p-I-gn-

bp-tºmƒ. 5. sI´p-I-fn-eq-Xp-∂-h-cpsS D]-Z-h-ß-fn¬\n-∂v. 6.

Akq-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥ Akq-b-s∏-Sp-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ Ahs‚ D]-

Z-h-Øn¬\n-∂v.

\ma-Øn¬ (Rm≥ Bcw- n-°p∂p) A√m-lp-hns‚


bpI Rm≥ A`bw tXSp∂p c£n-Xm-hn-t\mSv

]`m-X-Øns‚ D]-Z-h-Øn¬\n∂v bmsXm-

∂ns‚ Ah≥ kr„n®p D]-Z-h-Øn¬\n∂v

Ccp-´m-°p-∂-h≥ AXv ]c-∂p-I-gn-bp-tºmƒ

D]-Z -h-Øn¬\n∂v DuXp-∂-h-cpsS

sI´p-I-fn¬ D]-Z-h-Øn¬\n∂v Akq-

b-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥ Ah≥ Akq-b-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ.


kqdØp∂mkv


Øn¬. 2. \o ]d-bp-I, a\p-jy-cpsS c£n-Xm-hns\ Rm≥ A`bw

tXSp-∂p. 3. a\p-jy-cpsS cmPm-hns\. 4. a\p-jy-cpsS Bcm-[ys\.

5. Zp¿t_m-[\w sNbvXv ]n∑m-dn-°-f-bp∂ Zp¿t_m-[-Is‚

D]ZhØn¬\n∂v. 6. a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬ Zp¿t_m-[\w sNøp-

∂-h-\sX Ah≥. 7. Ah≥ Pn∂p-I-fn¬\n-∂p-≈-h≥ (B-I-

s´) As√-¶n¬ km[m-cW P\-ß-fn¬\n-∂p-≈-h≥ (B-I-s´).

\ma-Øn¬ (Rm≥ Bcw-`n-°p∂p) A√m-lp-hns‚


bpI Rm≥ A`bw tXSp∂p c£n-Xm-hn-t\mSv

a\p-jy¿ cmPmhv a\p-jy¿ Bcm-[y≥

a\p-jy¿ D]-Z-h-Øn¬\n∂v [mcmfw

Zp¿t_m-[\w sNøp-∂-h≥ ]n∑m-dn-°-f-bp-∂-h≥

Ah≥ Zp¿t_m-[\w sNøp∂p a\- p-I-

fn¬ a\p-jy¿ Pn∂p-I-fn¬ (D-∂-X-°n-S-bn-

ep≈ Bfp-Ifn¬) \n∂v km[m-cW a\p-jy-cn¬\n∂pw

Documents

Islamika Padavali Part 2 - Ahmadiyya · Moulana Muhammad Sherif Sahib Translated by : C.H. Abdhul Qadir, Payangadi, Kannur Printed at: BRB Offset, Thav akkara, Kannur- 17 Published