ISO TR -25107 NDT 訓練課程大綱中英對照修正版 121004 25107訓練課程大綱中... · 5 簡介(Introduction) With this Technical Report, ISO/TC 135 and CEN/TC 138 present

1

ISO/TR 25107

Guidelines for NDT training syllabuses

NDT

2

Contents

Foreword

Introduction

1 Scope

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

4 NDT (Introduction)

4.1 Role

4.2 NDT (Task)

4.3 NDT

4.4 NDT (Terminology)

4.5 General environmental and safety considerations

5 Radiographic testing ---

6 Ultrasonic testing ---

7 Eddy current testing ---

8 Penetrant testing ---

9 Magnetic particle testing ---

10 Leak testing ---

11 Acoustic emissions testing ---

12 Visual testing ---

Bibliography

3

(Foreword)

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is

a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member

bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally

carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body

interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been

established has the right to be represented on that committee.

International organizations, governmental and non-governmental,

in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates

closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

ISO()(ISO )

ISO

ISO

ISO

(IEC)

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the

rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

ISO/IEC 2

The main task of technical committees is to prepare

International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by

the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for

voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval

by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

75%

In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has

collected data of a different kind from that which is normally

published as an International Standard (state of the art, for

4

example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its

participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical

Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be

reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer

valid or useful.

("")

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements

of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall

not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent

rights.

ISO

ISO/TR 25107 was prepared by the European Committee for

Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 138,

Non-destructive testing, in collaboration with Technical

Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing, in accordance with

the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna

Agreement).

ISO CEN ISO/TR 25108

(CEN) CEN/TC 138

ISO/TC 135

5

(Introduction)

With this Technical Report, ISO/TC 135 and CEN/TC 138 present

to the worldwide non-destructive testing (NDT) community their

recommendations for the minimum technical knowledge to be required

of NDT personnel. These recommendations provide means for

evaluating and documenting the competence of personnel whose

duties demand the appropriate theoretical and practical knowledge.

ISO/TC 135 CEN/TC 138

NDT

As part of the efforts to streamline and harmonize the training

and certification of NDT personnel, ISO/TC 135 and CEN/TC 138 have

been actively involved in developing guidelines for training

syllabuses (ISO/TR 25107) and for NDT training organizations (this

Technical Report). These documents are intended to serve those

involved in training and to be useful in achieving a uniform level

of training material and consequently in the competence of

personnel.

NDT ISO/TC 135

CEN/TC 138 NDT

()

This document, together with ISO/TR 25107, represents two

years of effort for working groups of the two technical committees

in the promotion of harmonization and mutual recognition of minimum

requirements taken from the different existing certification

schemes.

ISO/TR 25107

6

The content of this first edition has been based on the

experience of the experts as well as on comments from the end-user

industries, as well as the most recent edition of the International

Committee for Non-destructive testing (ICNDT) recommended

guidelines.

NDT

(ICNDT)

The time allotment for the different topics takes into account

the latest developments in each method and, as a consequence, the

total duration can be sometimes greater than the minimum duration

required by ISO 9712 and EN 473.

ISO 9712 EN 473

This Technical Report is to be revised in the coming years in

order to maintain a workable document in line with the development

of NDT methods and techniques.

NDT

ISO/TC 135 and CEN/TC 138 wish to express their appreciation

to all those who contributed to the production of this publication.

ISO/TC 135 CEN/TC 138

7

ISO/TR 25107: 2006(E)

--- NDT

1 (scope)

This Technical Report gives guidelines for non-destructive testing

(NDT) training organizations, with the intention of harmonizing

and maintaining the general standard of training of NDT personnel

for industrial needs.

(NDT)

NDT

It also establishes the minimum requirements for effective

structured training of NDT personnel to ensure eligibility for

qualification examinations leading to third-party certification

according to recognized standards.

NDT

NOTE ISO/TR 25107 gives associated guidelines for NDT training

syllabuses intended for the general part of training courses.

: ISO/TR 25107 NDT

2 (Normative references)

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the

application of this document. For dated references, only the

edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition

of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

8

()

EN 1330 (all parts), Non-destructive testing Terminology

EN 1330 (),

3 (Terms and definitions)

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given

in EN 1330 apply.

EN 1330

4 NDT (Introduction)

4.1 (Role)

Non-destructive testing makes an important contribution to the

safety, and economic and ecological welfare,of our society.

NDT is the only choice for the testing of an object which may not

be destroyed, modified or degraded by the testing process. This

is generally required for objects which are to be used after testing,

for example, safety parts, pipelines, power plants, and also

constructions under in-service inspection, but even for unique

parts in archaeology and culture.

NDT

NDT is based on physical effects at the surface or the inner

structure of the object under test. Often, the outcome of the test

needs to be interpreted to give a useful result; sometimes

different NDT methods must be combined, or verified by other test

9

methods.

NDT

NDT

4.2 NDT (Task)

NDT personnel have a great responsibility, not only with respect

to their employers or contractors but also under the rules of good

workmanship. The NDT personnel must be independent and free from

economic influences with regard to his test results, otherwise the

results are compromised. The NDT personnel should be aware of the

importance of his signature and the consequences of incorrect test

results for safety, health and environment. Under legal aspects,

the falsification of certificates is an offence and judged

according to the national legal regulations. A tester may find

himself in a conflicting situation about his findings with his

employer, the responsible authorities or legal requirements.

NDT ()

NDT

NDT

Finally, the NDT personnel is responsible for all interpretations

of test results carrying his signature. NDT personnel should never

sign test reports beyond their certification.

NDT NDT

4.3 NDT (History)

The principle of NDT started to be put into practice with visual

10

checks in prehistoric times. In medieval later centuries, test

methods such as simple leakage tests and hardness checks were

introduced. The breakthrough for NDT came with industrialization

in the 19th and 20th centuries: X-ray and ultrasonic testing for

inner defects, penetrant and magnetic particle testing for surface

cracks. During the last few decades, sophisticated, mostly

electronically linked methods, such as eddy current testing, RADAR,

computer tomography and thermography have been developed. NDT

methods have found application in a wide range of industries

from civil engineering and industrial plants to space and defence

technology.

NDT

19 20 NDT

X

NDT

The history of NDT is linked to many famous researchers and

inventors, including Rntgen, Becquerel, Curie, Oerstedt, Faraday

and even Leonardo da Vinci. They discovered the physical principles

and demonstrated early applications. Altogether approximately 5

000 scientists worldwide made contributions to the present state

of NDT.

NDT

5000

NDT

NDT is a global technology. Since NDT tasks and related technical

problems are similar in all developed countries, improved

solutions and new equipment are spread around the world within a

few months. Many international conferences and standards

committees contribute to a steady and consensual development of

NDT for the benefit of safety, economy and the environment.

11

NDT NDT

NDT

4.4 NDT (Terminology)

Correct and standardized terminology is a necessity for a

particular technology applied worldwide. It is needed for

communication between contracting parties, NDT personnel and

certifying bodies. Terms like indication, imperfection,

flaw and defect require a precise and unequivocal

definition if confusion and misinterpretation of results is to be

avoided. See Clause 3.

NDT

3

4.5 (General environmental and safety

considerations)

4.5.1 Non-destructive testing is often applied in conditions where

the safety of the operator could be in danger owing to local

conditions, or where the application of the particular NDT method

or techniques could in itself compromise the safety of the operator

and others in the vicinity.

4.5.1

An essential element of any course training for NDT personnel must

therefore be safety. The duration of the training for this subject

should be adequate and be provided in addition to the technical

training associated with a particular NDT method.

12

NDT

NDT

4.5.2 General safety considerations include, but are not

necessarily limited to, the following:

environmental conditions (heat, cold, humidity); (

)

toxicity (NDT materials, tested products, atmosphere); (NDT

)

radiation safety (NDT materials, products, local regulations);

(NDT )

electrical safety (NDT equipment, lethal voltages, EMC);

(NDT )

potential for injury to personnel (working at height or in other

dangerous environments); (

)

personal protection equipment (clothing, radiation dosimeters).

()

14

5 Radiographic testing ---

The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time

respectively, in hours.

E P

NOTE As specified in EN 473, direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level

1 and level 2.

: EN473

Content

Level 1

(

)

Level 2

(

)

Level 3

(

)

5.1

Introduction

to

terminology

and history

of, NDT

NDT

History

Purpose

Terminology

electromagnetic radiation

energy

dose

dose rate

E 0.5 History

Purpose

Terminology

Wave-length

dose

dose rate

intensity

dose rate constant

E 1.0 History

Purpose

Terminology

Relevant standards:

EN 1130-3

E 1.0

15

5.2

Physical

principles

of the method

and

associated

knowledge

Properties of X-and gamma

radiation

X

Relevant standards:

EN 444: General principles

Straight line propagation

Effects of radiation

Capability of penetration

E 0.5

P 0.5

Properties of X-and gamma

radiation

X

Photon

Process of ionization;

Photochemical effects;

Biological effects;

Fluorescent effects.

Energy

E 1.0 Properties of

radiaition

X-radiography;X

Gamma radiography;

Neutron radiography ;

Election radiography ;

Process of ionization;

Photochemical

effects;

Biological effects;

Fluorescent effects.

E 1.0

16

Generation of X-radiation

X

Function of X-ray tubes

X

Tube current I I

High voltage U U

Effects on dose rate and energy

of radiation

E 1.0

P 0.5

Generation of X-radiation

X

Function of X-ray tubes

X

Spectrum ;

Intensity ;

Max energy ;

Effective energy ;

Change of spectrum by tube

current and tube voltage.

Inherent filtering

E 1.5 Generation of

X-radiation ;

X

Function of X-ray

tubes ;X

Spectrum ;

Intensity ;

Max energy ;

Effective energy ;

Change of spectrum by

tube current and tube

voltage.

Characteristic

radiation ;

Inherent filtering;

Hardening effect ;

E2.0

17

Origin of-radiation

Radio isotope

lr 192(),Co 60(),Se

(),75();

activity ;

half life ;

Characteristic of

-radiation ;

Life time ;

Energy ;

Activity ;

Source size. ;

E 1.0

P 0.5

Origin of-radiation

Radio nuclide

isotope

lr 192(),Co 60(), Se

(), 75()

activity A A

Characteristic of

-sources :

half life ;

decay curves maximum

activity ;

Source size.

Characteristic of Gamma

ray ;

Dose rate constant

Spectrum and effective

energy

E 1.5 Origin of-radiation

Natural and artificial

decay series

Radio nuclides for NDT

NDT

isotope

lr 192(),Co 60(),

Se (), 75();

activity A A

Characteristic of

-sources

decay curves maximum

activity

Source size.

Characteristic of Gamma

ray

Dose rate constant

Spectrum and effective

E 2.0

18

energy

Interaction of radiaition with

matter

Attenuation ;

absorption ;

primary radiation

scatttered radiation

influence of penetrated

thickness.

Type of material

Energy

Half value layer

Tenth value layer 1/10

E 1.0 Interaction of radiaition

with matter

Attenuation :

Photo effect ;

Coherent scattering ;

Compton scattering ;

Pair production.

Attenuation coefficient ;

Scatter radiation ;

Specific contrast ;

Radiation contrast ;

Effects of filtering ;

Beam hardening

E 3.0

P 0.5

Interaction of

radiaition with

matter

Attenuation vs energy ;

Photo effect ;

Coherent scattering ;

Compton scattering ;

Pair production.

Attenuation

coefficient ;

Scatter radiation ;

Specific contrast ;

Radiation contrast ;

E 6.0

19

Effects of filtering ;

Beam hardening

Klein-Nishina law

Properties of film systems and

screens

Construction ;

base,emulsion,silver

bromide ,,

grain size and distribution ;

Processing

Properties of films ;

sensitivity ;

granularity ;

E 1.0

P 1.0

Properties of film systems

and screens

Construction

Latent image information

origin

Photo process

Properties of film systems

characteristic curve ;

Film gradient,film

contrast,speed

E 2.0

P 0.5

Properties of film

systems,screens and

digital detection

systems

,

Additional to level 2

New detectors :

storage phosphor

imaging plates

flat panels

/

X-ray intensifier

X

E 2.0

20

contrast ;

optical density ;

film system class ;

Film screens ;

type of film screens ;

intensifying effect ;

filtering effect ;

film to screen contact ;

, ,

influence of film

processing ;

Sensitivity ;

Granularity ;

Detail perceptibility ;

Classification of film

systems according to EN

584-1;

EN 584-1

film screens :

type of screens ;

film screen contact ;

inherent unsharpness ;

intensifying ;

effect of filtering ;

screens for Co 60()

Line detector

Classification of

detection

21

and Linac

60

Geometry for radiographic

exposures

Geometric unsharpness :

Object to film distance

Focus size d d

Source to object distance

Source film distance

E 1.0

P 0.5

Geometry for radiographic

exposures

Geometric unsharpness :

Object to film distance

Focus size d d

Source to object distance

Source film distance

Determination of the focal

spot

Size of gamma sources.

E 3.0

P 1.0

Geometry for

radiographic

exposures


Method of focal spot

measurement

According to

EN12543,EN12679

EN12543,EN12679

Requirements for

optimization

by Geometric

unsharpness,total unsh

arpness

,

E 2.0

P 2.0

22

Focus size,current,

voltage, source

size,activity

.,,

,

5.3

Product

knowledge

and

capabilities

of the method

and its

derivate

techniques

Typical weld discontinuities

Types of discontinuity

according to EN ISO 6520

EN ISO 6520

E 1.0

P 3.0

Typical weld discontinuities

Type of weld seam and weld

seam preparation

Welding process origin

Type of discontinuity


EN ISO 6520

E 3.0

P 1.0

Typical weld

discontinuities


Introduction to

fracture;

mechanics working

load;

Materials properties

Origin of defects

Further NDT methods

NDT

E 3.0

23

Typical defects in castings

Types of defect

E 1.0

P 1.0

Defects in castings

Casting process

Types of cast imperfections

and their origin

Structural indications

Beam direction to

detectability

E 3.0

P 1.0

Defects in castings

Casting process

Types of cast

imperfections and their

origin

Structural indications

Working load

Materials properties

Production caused

defects

E 2.0

P 2.0

Influence on detectability

E 1.0

P 0.5

Influence on detectability

E 2.0

P 1.0

Influence on

detectability

E 2.0

24

type of defect

size ;

orientation ;

Imaged thickness range

Number of exposures

beam direction

geometric distortion

increase in wall thickness


Thickness ranges for X-and

-rays

X

Number of exposures

Beam direction

Geometric distortion

Increase in wall

thickness


Thickness ranges for

X-and -rays

X

Number of exposures

vs.distortion angle

5.4

Equipment

Design and operation of X-ray

machines

X

Stationary systems,mobile

E 1.5

P 1.5

Design and operation of X-ray

machines

X


E 2.0

P 1.0

Design and operation of

X-ray machines

X


E 2.0

25

unit ,

Tubes

glass-and metal-ceramic tube

-

Design oftubes;

standard tube;

rod anode tube;

short anode tube;

Cooling:gas,water,oil

:,,

Focalspot;

High voltage,max,current

,

Exposure time;

Diaphragm;

Safety circuit;

Operating instructions

inherent filtering;

pre-filtering;

Devices for special

application;

micro-focus tubes;

enlargement technique;

radioscopy.X

Linac

Construction;

Field of application;

Typical dates;

beam opening

characteristics;

X-ray flash devices

X

rod anode devices

micro-focus devies

high-voltage devices

Line focus tubes

Rotary anode tubes

Design and operation of gamma

ray devices

container,shielding

,

E 0.5

P 0.5

Design and operation of gamma

ray devices

E 2.0 Design and operation of

gamma ray devices

E 2.0

26

class P/M; P/M

type A/B(transportation);A/B

()

source holder and source

capsule;

Enclosed radioactive

material:

manipulation device;

connections accessory

remote control;

collimation;

fittings.;

Operating instructions

Reference to national

requirememts and safety

regulations;


Crawier for pipelines

Special device for testing

of heat exchanger tubes

Same as level 2

Accessories for radiographic

testing

E 0.5

P 0.5

27

Equipment:

lead tape measure;

holding magnets;

lead screens shielding;

rubber bands etc;

radiation protection

equipment;

5.5

Information

prior the

testing

Written procedures given

Information on the test object

Object dimensions

Test class of standard

Equipment to be used

Exposure arrangement

E 0.5 Information about the test

object

Identification or

designation

Material,dimensionsm,

isometrics;,,

number of parts;

field of application;

kind of manufacture;

catalogue of defects;

E 2.0

Information about the

test object and

national requirements

Additional to level 2:

Selection of standards

for specific testing

applications

European standards:

application standards

E 4.0

28

Extent of testing (20%

inspection)

(20%)

Marking

Test conditions:

accessibility;

infrastructure;

particular test conditions;

Applicable standards;

Overview;

Standards assigned to the

test object;

Preparation of written

instructions;

overview;

purpose;

technical contents and

systematic.

Product specific

standards for special

industrial sectors:

for welding;

for casting;

for pipes;

pressurized equipment

directive;

ISO standards; ISO

American standards:

overview ASME code;

ASME

29

overview ASTM

standards;

ASTM

5.6

Testing

Developing process

Darkroom:

design;

developer;

water bath;

fixing bath;

final water bath;

drying.

Preparation and regeneration

of baths

Use of filmstrips according to

EN 584-2

EN 584-2

film processing faults

E 1.5

P 1.0

Developing process

additional to level 1

Processing equipment,

adjustment:,

checking;

storage of unexposed films;

darkroom light test;

fog test;

clearing time;

tally sheet;

Process-controlling

according to EN 584-2

EN 584-2

E 3.5

P 1.0

Developing process

Principles

Processing

equipment,adjustment:

,

checking;

storage of unexposed

films;

darkroom light test;

fog test;

clearing time;

tally sheet;

Use of filmstrips

according to EN 584-2

EN 584-2

E 3.0

30

Examination of welded joints

according to EN 1435

EN 1435

Scope:

Test classes:

Basic and improved

techniques;

Test arrangements:

number of exposures;

(EN 1435:1997,Annex A)

(EN 1435:1997, A)

Choice of energy:

max.X-ray voltage

X

penetrared thickness range

for gamma rays

special options;

Film and screen choice:

film system classes,type and

E

10.5

P

10.0

Examination of welded joints


EN 1435

Scope:

Test classes:

Basic and improved

techniques;

Test arrangements:


(EN 1435:1997,Annex A)

(EN 1435:1997, A)

Choice of energy:

max.X-ray voltage

X


for gamma rays

special options;

Film and screen choice

film system classes,type

E 8.0

P 4.0

Examination and

discussion of EN 1435

EN 1435

Scope:

basic and improved

techniques

Test arrangements:

number of exposures

(EN 1435:1997,Annex A)

(EN 1435:1997, A)

Choice of energy

max.X-ray voltage

X

penetrared thickness

range for gamma rays

E 4.0

P 8.0

31

thickness of screens;

,

Minimum optical density

Minimum source-to-object

distance

and thickness of screens

,



distance

special options


film system

classes,type and

thickness of screens

,


Minimum

source-to-object

distance

Examination of catings


EN 12681

Scope:

Test classes:

Basic and improved

techniques;

E 6.0

P 4.0

Examination of catings


EN 12681

Scope for complex shaped

objects:

Test arrangements:

E 6.0

P 3.0

Examination and

discussion of EN

12681

EN 12681

Scope for complex

shaped objects

E 4.0

P 6.0

32

Test arrangements:


Choice of energy:

average wall thickness

max.X-ray voltage

X


for gamma rays

special options;


Film system classes,type and


,



distance film


special geometries

Choice of energy:

average wall thickness

max.X-ray voltage

X


for gamma rays

special options;

Use of enlargement

double film technique

wall thickness compensation

use of higher

energy,hardening

,

Film system classes,type and


Test arrangements:


special geometries

()

Choice of energy

average wall

thickness;

max.X-ray voltage

X

penetrared thickness

range for gamma rays

special options

Increase of covered

thickness range

double film technique

wall thickness

33

,



distance film

equalization use of

higher energy,

hardening

,

Film system classes,

type and thickness of

screens,


Minimum

source-to-object

distance film

Working with exposure charts

Definition of exposure value

exposure time;

Correction of exposure time

for different:

E 2.0

P 2.0

Special techniques

Stereo technique

Round about technique

Testing of corrosion damage

Enlargement with micro-focus

E 6.0 Direct radiography and

radioscopy according to

EN 13068

EN13068

X

Image detectors.

E 2.0

P 2.0

34

:

film-focal spot-distance

FFD;

optical density;

relative film exposure

factor;

Real-time technique

fluorescent screens;

radioscopy;X

computed radiography

documentation, picture

archive.

,

fluoroscope;X

flat panels;

X-ray intensifier

X

camera and TV-systems

Applications:

serial production

testing;

dynamical testing

special materials

Limits of the method

resolution;

dynamic;

signal-to-noise-ratio;

modulation transfer

function;

Basic image processing:

35

monitoring;

documentation;

Special techniques

Stereo technique

Round about technique

Testing of corrosion

damage

Enlargement with

micro-focus

Special aspects for

radiography of

materials with high and

low density

/

Low voltage radiography

E 3.0

36

Radiography of art

objects

light alloys;

plastics;

pre-filtering;

High-voltage

radiography

concrete testing

Film-screen-systems

pre-filtering

intermediate

filtering

heavy walled casting

special radiation

protection,contaminati

on ,

Image quality indicators

according to EN 462-1,EN

E 1.0

P 0.5

Image quality indicators

according to EN 462-1,EN

E 2.0 Image quality

indicators according to

E 1.0

37

462-2,EN 462-3

EN 462-1,EN 462-2,EN 462-3

Definition of image quality

number design of Q

Q

Qposition of different

exposures

Q

image quality classes

image quality number

462-2,EN 462-3

EN 462-1,EN 462-2,EN

462-3


image quality number for

other materials according EN

462-4

EN 462-4

detection of unsharpness

with duplex-indicator

according EN 462-5

EN 462-5

EN 462-1,EN 462-2,EN

462-3,EN 462-4,EN 462-5

EN 462-1,EN

462-2,EN 462-3,EN

462-4,EN 462-5

Same as level 2

relevance of image

quality indicators

international image

quality indicators

System of marking

Object to film assignment

permanent marking of the

object;

zero point,incremental count

direction;,

E 1.0

P 0.5

Drafting an NDT instruction

for the testing of welding

and castings

NDT

Organization of simple test

E 6.0 Drafting an NDT

instruction for the

testing of welding and

castings

NDT

E

23.0

38

marker tape;

position of markings on the

object;

procedures

Test objects

ambient conditions;

reference documents;

specifications,standards;

,

choise of radiation source;

choise of adequate

direction of radiation

film location plan;

identification of test

piece and radiographs;


performance of the test and

reporting of test results;

Complete organization

of test procedures in

combination with other

NDT methods;

NDT

Integration of intemal

priorities;

Choice of testing

method;

time of testing;

radiation protection

equipment;

Personnel

qualification;

Cost estimation:

manpower costs;

for equipment;

39

viewing of the films;

classification of defects;

assessment of the results

according to applicable

codes and standards;

,

list of required

accessories;

for consumable;

for auxiliary

attachment second

exposures after repair.

;,

Selection of

specifications for

application and

evaluation;

Example of written

practice for welding

inspection according to

ASTM; ASTM ,

5.7

Evaluation

and

Reporting

Basics of evaluation

Viewing conditions:

room condition;

E 1.5

P 1.0



Mach effect;

Film illuminator according

E 2.0 Basics of evaluation

Film illuminator

according to EN 25580;

E 1.0

40

viewing time;

lapsed time after dazzling;

film illuminator,luminance;

,

density measurement;

to EN 25580;

EN 25580

min.luminance;

homogeneity factor;

Physiological factors;

eyesight;

adaptation prior to

viewing;

EN 25580

min.luminance;

homogeneity factor;

Physiological

factors;

eyesight;

adaptation prior to

viewing;

Evaluation of radiographs

Verification of image quality;

Report of simple welding and

casting imperfections;

E 2.0

P 1.0

Evaluation of radiographs

Verification of image

quality;

Report of imperfections;

E 3.5 Evaluation of

radiographs

Verification of image

quality;

Report of

imperfections;

E 2.0

P 2.0

Test report

Welding according to EN 1435

E 1.0

P 2.0

Check of test report

E 4.0 Feasibility of test

report

E 3.0

P 2.0

41

EN 1435

Castings according to EN

12681

EN 12681

Does it comply with the

examination standard?

Conformed to the test quality

Achieved test class

Achieved image quality class

Achieved diagnostic coverage

of test object

Confirmation of the

radiographic image

quality vs. test report

5.8

Assessment

Classification of

imperfections

Type,size,localization,freq

uency

,,,

E 12.5

P 6.0

Classification of

imperfections

Type,size,localization

,frequency

,,,

E 8.5

P 7.0

42

Welding:

according to EN ISO 5817;

EN ISO 5817

according to EN 12062 or EN

ISO 17635; EN 12062

EN ISO 17635


EN 12517

according to standard on

inspection of pressure

vessels(EN 1344-5);

EN 1344-5

casting;

according to ASTM; ASTM

Evaluation catalogue to EN

ISO 5817; ISO 5817

ASTM catalogue;ASTM

Other national training

catalogues;

Welding:

according to EN ISO

5817; EN ISO 5817


or EN ISO 17635;

EN 12062 EN ISO 17635


EN 12517

according to standard

on inspection of

pressure vessels(EN

1344-5);

EN 1344-5

casting;

according to ASTM;

ASTM

Evaluation catalogue

to EN ISO 5817; ISO

43

Influence of manufacture and

Material;

5817

ASTM catalogue;ASTM

Other national training

catalogues;

Influence of

manufacture and

Material;

5.9

Quality

aspects

Personnel qualification

(according to EN 473 and ISO

9712)

( EN 473 ISO

9712)

Equipment verification

E 1.0 Personnel qualification


9712)

( EN 473 ISO

9712)


Written instructions

Traceability of documents

E 2.0

Personnel

qualification

(according to EN 473 and

ISO 9712)

( EN 473

ISO 9712)


Format of working

procedures

E 2.0

P 3.0

44

A review of applicable NDT

application and product

standards

NDT

Traceability of

documents

Other NDT qualification

and certification

systems

NDT

A review of applicable

NDT application and

product standards

NDT

5.10

Developments

Alternative detectors to

film

Flat panel deteclors

E 0.5 Innovative

radiological

techniques

3-dimensional

radiology testing:

3

stereo technique;

E 4.5

45

multi angle technique;

computed

laminography;

computed tomography;

principle;

applications;

diagital image

processing;

film digitization;

image enhancement;

Total

duration

E

40.5

P

32.5

E 83

P 20

E

91.5

P 31

46

6 Ultrasonic testing---Levels 1,2 and 3 ---



E P


1 and level 2.

: EN473

Content

Level 1

()Level 2

(

)

Level 3

(

)

6.1

Introduction to

terminology and

history of, NDT

NDT

Task of non-destrutive

testing-

Personnel

History of NDT NDT

Terminology of NDT

(EN 1330-1 and EN 1330-2)

NDT (EN 1330-1

EN 1330-2)

History of UT

E 1.0 Review of level 1 knowledge

Terminology and

definitions of UT

E 1.0 Terminology and

definitions of UT

Overview of standards

:ISO,CEN and national

(general,and products)

:ISO,CEN

()

E 1.5

47

Terminology of UT

(EN 1330-4)

(EN 1330-4)

6.2

Physical

principles of the

method and

associated

knowledge

Relevant standards

EN 583-1 to EN 583-6

EN 14127

Relevant of mathematical

basics

Physical definitions and

typical parameters

Sinusoidal movement,

amplitude,period,freque

ncy,wavelength,propagat

ion velocity

,,

,,,

Various types of wave

E 10.0 Physical defintions and

typial parameters

Same as level 1 plus

,

Acoustic impedance,

factors of reflection and

transmission (normal beam

only) ,

()

Beam propagation.

Various types of wave

modes


E 16.0 Same as level 2 plus

,

Isotropic and

anisotropic

materials

Phenomena of guided

propagation

Velocity measurement

and dispersion

Relation between

velocity and elastic

properties of

material

E 16.0

48

modes

Longitudinal waves

Transverse waves

Concepts of surface

waves or Rayleigh waves

and of plate waves or

lamb waves

Reflection and

refraction

Normal incidence,

transmission,and

reflection

,

Incidence oblique

Snells law

Critical angles,mode

conversion

,

,

extended knowledge of

surface waves or rayleigh

waves and of plate waves

or lamb waves

//

creeping waves.

Reflection and

refraction


acoustic pressure

49

Transmission and

reception of ultrasonic

waves

Piezo-electric effect

Ferro-electricity or

electrostriction

Magnetostriction

Transducer

characteristics

Material,dimensions,pie

zo-electric constants

,,

Characteristics of the

beam of acircular

transducer

Transmission and reception

of ultrasonic waves

Same as level 1

Ferro-electricity or

electrostriction

Magnetostriction

Transducer

characteristics

Same as level 1 (deeper

konwledge)

()

Characteristics of the beam

of acircular transducer

50

Influence of transducer

frequency and diameter

Near field(fresnel

zone) ()

far field(fraunhofer

zone) (

)

beam divergence


,

characteristics of the

beam of arectangular

transducer ;

beam profiling.

Beam divergence factor

6.3

Product knowledge

and capabilities

of the method and

its derivate

techniques

Various defects related

to the manufacturing

processes and service-

induced defects related

to the defined sectors

,

Implementation of the


,

tandem(zone)()

selection of transducers

for required resolution

and reduction of noise

(type,frequency,size)

(

,,),


,:

Choice of techniques

(contact,immersion,t

ransmission,resonanc

e,etc);

(,,

,,)

EMAT;

Multiple probe

E 8.0

51

testing techniques

according to products

and to expected

discontinuities

Influence of geometry

and structure(spurious

echoes,sound

attenuation)

(

,)

immersion

TOFD

phased arrays

Influence of the main

parameters

arrays;

A comprehensive

understanding and

knowledge of the

manufacturing

processes and

associated metallurgy

and flaw types etc.

A comprehensive

understanding and

knowledge of the cause

and formation of

in-service defects

including associated

metallurgy and flaw

type,etc.

,

52

6.4

Equipment

Various probes

(normal,angle,dual)

(,,

)

instruments(analogical

and digtal);

(,)

pulse generation;

reception and

amplification

(percentage and dB);

(,

)

range setting;

A- scan presentation; A

B- and C- scan presentation;

B C

E 8.0

P 4.0


,

detailed knowledge of the

different functions of UT

test equipment;

UT

automatic and

sermi-automatic systems;

B-and C- scan presentation

(deeper knowledge);

B C (

)

couplant (deeper

knowledge);

()

calibration reference and

transfer blocks.

E 8.0

P 4.0


,

systems(manual/semi-

automatic,automatic)

:speed,incrementatio

n,repeatability,etc;

(//

),,,

analog flaw

detectors(different

circuits);

()

digital flaw

detectors(comparison

with analog flaw

detectors,sampling-r

ate);

(

E 2.0

53

additional functions;

couplant;

,)

special equipment

including thickness

measurement.

,

Probes:

dynamic range;

probes for

immersion:focused,sp

herical,cylindrical,

fermat surface;

:,

,,

measurement of pulse

length

practical measurement

of the near fied;

54

shoe(delay,curvature

,etc.);

(,,

)

connecting

cables(sealing,insul

ation and

flexibility);

(,)

blocks-representativ

ity.()

6.5

Information prior

the test


(prepared by a level 2 or

3):

(/)

objectives;

requirements;

E 2.0 Same as level 1(deeper

knowledge)plus

(),

contents and requirements

of instructions,procedures

and standards.

E 2.0

P 8.0


,

Selection of technical

parameters;

,

productsgeometry,

E 4.0

55


instructions;

Surface quality,

accessibility.

environment,etc.;

-,

,,

UT indication/

discontinuity/defect

//

type,orgin,shape,dim

ension,orientation,t

ilt/skew,etc.;

,,,,

,/

properties of the

equipment.


specifications

6.6

Testing

Verification of combined

equipment

E 8.0

P 16.0

Same as level 1(deeper

knowledge)plus

E 12.0

P 16.0


,

E 8.0

P 8.0

56

(according to EN

12668-3)

EN 12668-3

Standardized

calibration blocks

ref:EN 12223 and EN 27963

:EN 12223 and EN

27963

Contact technique

(straight and angle

beam)

()

Reflection;

Transmission;

Immersion techniques

(straight and angle

beam)

()

(),

reference reflectors (laws

of distance and size);

()

DGS-method;DGS

DAC-curves;

distance/amplitude

-correction;

/

transfer correction

(surface and attenuation);

()

sizing techniques,

principles and

limitations;

,

scanning;

Control and assessment

of procedures and

instructions for their

efficiency.

,

57

Reflection

Transmission

Setting of range and

sensitivity

Reference reflectors

Tansfer correction

Ultrasonic thickness

measurement

Equipment

Techniques

6.7

Evaluation and

Reporting

Detecting,locating

(trigonometrical rules)

and sizing techniques

,()

Recording and evaluation

E 4.0

P 4.0

Same as level 1(deeper

knowledge) plus

(),

Characterization

(planar/non-planar

according to EN 1713 for

E 4.0

P 8.0

Use of complementary

NDT methods

NDT

interpretation of

relevant standards

and codes;

E 4.0

P 4.0

58

level

Acceptance levels

Test reports

System of coordinate

Measurement (probe,

reflector)

(,)

Calculated values

welds);

(/

EN 1713)

Interpretation and

evaluation of indications.

evaluation

(conventional

approach,validated

method);

(

)

distinction

defect/artifact;

/

acceptance criteria;

level of significant

variation;

storage and recording

process.;

6.8

Assessment

(Not applicable) Evaluation and

confirmation of test

reports

E 4.0 Detailed knowledge of

how to classify and

assess observations,

E 4.0

59

Application of the

acceptance:

criteria according to

standards,codes and

procedures

analyse the results and

compare them to codes,

standards and design

specifications,etc.

,

,,

How to develop codes,

standards and design

specifications,etc,in

to clear acceptance

criteria to be written

into procedures and

instructions.

,

,

Also how to find

information/assistanc

e to investigate

60

observations not

covered by codes and

standaeds and develop

acceptance criteria.

the training of level 1

and 2 for these

acceptance criteria.

/

,

,

/

6.9

Quality aspects



ISO 9712)

( EN 473

ISO 9712)




9712)

( EN 473

ISO 9712)



E 1.0

P 2.0

Personnel

qualification and

responsibility

(according to EN 473

and ISO 9712)

(

EN 473 ISO 9712)


E 2.0

P 4.0

61


Format of working

procedures

Traceability of

documents

Other NDT

qualification and

certification systems

NDT


NDT application and

product standards

NDT

6.10

Development

(Not applicable) General information

E 1.0 Newest developments

for industrial and

scientific

applications of UT:

e.g.tomography

holography, acoustic

microscopy.

E 1.0

62

Total duration

E 38

P 24

E 57

P 38

E 54.5

P 28

63

7 Eddy current testing---levels 1, 2 and 3 ---



E P


1 and level 2.

: EN473

Content

Level 1

()Level 2

(

)

Level 3

(

)

7.1

Introduction to

terminology and

history of, NDT

NDT

Generalities on NDT:

NDT

Whet is testing? what is

the purpose of NDT? At

what stage of the life of

aproductis NDT

performed? How does it

add value? Who may carry

out NDT? Main NDT

methods.

?NDT

E 1.0 Generalities on NDT:

NDT

Whet is testing? what is the

purpose of NDT? At what

stage of the life of

aproductis NDT

performed? How does it add

value? Who may carry out

NDT? Main NDT methods.

?NDT

?

E 1.0 Generalities on NDT:

NDT

Whet is testing? what

is the purpose of NDT?

At what stage of the

life of aproductis

NDT performed? How does

it add value? Who may

carry out NDT? Main NDT

methods.

?NDT

E 0.5

64

?

NDT ?

?NDT?

NDT

Eddy current testing

Definition:

electromagnetic

interaction between a

sensor and a test object

conducting electricity,

providing information on

physical


test object.

:

,

History of the method

NDT ?

? NDT?

NDT


Definition:

electromagnetic


sensor and a test object

conducting electricity,

providing information on

physical characteristics of

the test object.

:

,


Terminology

?

NDT

??

NDT?NDT


Definition:

electromagnetic


sensor and a test

object conducting

electricity, providing

information on

physical


test object.

:

,

65

Terminology

EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2

EN 1330-5

EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2

EN 1330-5


Terminology

EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2

EN 1330-5

7.2

Physical

principles and

associated

knowledge

Notions necessary

for understanding

eddy current

testing. The

knowledge

associated with

the physical

principles

Relevant standards

EN 12084: General

principles

Fundamentals

Electricityelements

Direct current:

current,voltage,resista

nce,conductance, ohms

law,resistivity,conduct

ivity.units,conductivit

y values for some metals.

:,,,

,,,

,,

E 5.0

P 2.0

Fundamentals

Electricityelements

Direct current: current,

voltage, resistance,

conductance, ohms law,

resistivity,

conductivity.units,

conductivity values for

some metals.

:,,,,

,,,

E 5.0

P 4.0

Fundamentals

Electricityelements

Direct current:

current, voltage,

resistance,

conductance, ohms

law, resistivity,

conductivity.units,

conductivity values

for some metals.

:,,,

E 4.0

66

(physics,mathemat

ics)may,as well,

be the object of a

preliminary

course of training

,

(,)

Alternating current:

sinusoidal current and

voltage, amplitude,

frequency, period,

phase.

:,

,,,

Magnetism

Magnetism: magnetic

field,lines of force,

magnetic field strength.

Permeability,flux

density(induction).

Flux. Hysteresis loop.

Units.

:,,

,,(

),,,

,



voltage, amplitude,

frequency, period, phase.

:,,

,,

Magnetism

Magnetism: magnetic field,

lines of force, magnetic

field strength.

Permeability, flux density

(induction). Flux.

Hysteresis loop.

Reluctance. magneto-motive

force. Units.

:,,,

,(),

,,,

,,



voltage, amplitude,

frequency, period,

phase.

:,

,,,

Magnetism

Magnetism: magnetic

field, lines of force,

magnetic field

strength.

Permeability, flux

density (induction).

Flux. Hysteresis loop.

Reluctance.

magneto-motive force.

Units.

67

Electromagnetism

Magnetic field created

by a current, (wire,

coil). Electromagnetic

induction phenomenon,

inductance,electromagne

tic coupling.induced

currents and secondary

field.Lenzs law.

(,)

,

,,

,

Eddy current

distribution in

conducting materials:

depth of penetration,

amplitude,phase;

,,

,,,,

Diamagnetism,

paramagnetism,

ferromagnetism;,

,

Electromagnetism

Magnetic field created by a

current, (wire, coil).

Electromagnetic induction

phenomenon,

inductance,electromagnetic

coupling.induced currents

and secondary field.Lenzs

law.

(,)

, ,

,

,

:,,

,,

(),,

,,,

Diamagnetism,

paramagnetism,

ferromagnetism;

, ,

Electromagnetism

Magnetic field created

by a current, (wire,

coil). Electromagnetic

induction phenomenon,

inductance,electromag

netic coupling.induced

currents and secondary

field.Lenzs law.

(,)

,

,,

,

68

characteristic

frequency.

Impedance.

Eddy current distribution

in conducting materials:

planar wave:standard

deph of penetration,

amplitude,phase;

:,

,

Cylindrical conductors:

characteristic

frequency.

Impedance.

Complex plane

representation.

Impedance plane diagrams.

Eddy current

distribution in

conducting materials:

planar wave:standard

deph of penetration,

amplitude,phase;

:

,,

Cylindrical

conductors:

characteristic

frequency.

Impedance.

Complex plane

representation.

Impedance plane

diagrams.

7.3 Applications of eddy E 4.0 Manufacturing related E 3.0 Manufacturing related E 3.0

69

Product knowledge

and related

capability of the

method and

derivated

techniques

current testing

Metal sorting

Measurement of a

phyaical parameter:

conductivity,ferrite

content,thickness of

coatings,etc.

:,

,,

Detection of local

discontinuities(flaws);

()

Capabilities:


conductive materials;

,

non-contact,high-speed,

high-temperature,may be

mechanized;

P 4.0

discontinuities(typical

flaws)

()

Service induced

discontinuities (flaws)

()

Material properties

influencing eddy current

testing: conductivity,

permeability.

:

,

product characteristics

influencing eddy current

testing:

condition (surface

condition,heat

treatment,cold working,

temperature,etc),shape,

wall thickness,

accessibility.

P 3.0 discontinuities(typic

al flaws)

(

)

Service induced

discontinuities

(flaws)

()

Material properties

influencing eddy

current testing:

conductivity,

permeability.

:,

product

characteristics

influencing eddy

current testing:

condition (surface

P 3.0

70

,,,

Techniques: single

frequency,multifrequenc

y,multiparameter.

:,,

(,,

,)

,,

Products being tested

semi-finished products,

pipes, heat exchanger

tubes,mechanical

parts(e.g.car,railway and

aircraft industry),

welds(e.g.offshore)

,,,

(:,

),(:)

Applications of eddy

current testing:

Metal sorting;

Measurement of a phyaical

parameter:



condition,heat

treatment,cold

working,

temperature,etc),shap

e, wall thickness,

accessibility.

(,,

,),,

,

Applications of eddy

current testing:

Metal sorting;

Measurement of a

phyaical parameter:



coatings,etc;

,,

71

coatings,etc;

,,

Detection of local

discontinuities (flaws);

()

Capabilities:


conductive materials

,

Non-contact,high-speed,hig

h-temperature,may be

mechanized;

,,,

Techniques: single

frequency, multifrequency,

multiparameter.

:,,

Remote fied.

Codes and standards

Detection of local

discontinuities

(flaws);

()

Capabilities:


conductive materials

,

Non-contact,high-spee

d,high-temperature,ma

y be mechanized;

,,,

Techniques: single

frequency,

multifrequency,

multiparameter.

:,,

Remote fied.

Codes and standards

72

7.4

Equipment


system

instrument,probe,refere

nce blocks.

,,

Relevant standards

EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2

Measurements:absolute,

differential,others

:,,

Output and signal

display

E 3.0

Eddy current testing system

instrument,probe,reference

blocks.,,

Relevant standards

EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2

General purpose application

instrument: essential

functions.

:

Specific application

instruments.

Probe functions:combined

or separate

transmitreceive.

:-

Probe family:

surface,coaxial

E 6.0 Eddy current testing

system

instrument,probe,refe

rence blocks.

,,

Relevant standards

EN 13860-1 and EN

13860-2

General purpose

application

instrument: essential

functions.

:

Specific application

instruments.

Probe

E 4.0

73

:,

Probe designs:

Measurements:absolute,diff

erential,others.

:,,

Output and signal display.

Reference blocks:

material,design,production

,storage.

:,,,

Mechanized equipment.

Codes and standards.

functions:combined

or separate

transmitreceive.

:

-

Probe family:

surface,coaxial

:,

Probe designs:

Measurements:absolute

,differential,others.

:, ,

Output and signal

display.

Reference blocks:

material,design,produ

ction,storage.

:,,

,

Mechanized equipment.

74

Codes and standards.

7.5

Information prior

to testing

Information on the

product: grade,

metallurgical

condition, shape. type

of discontinuities

anticipated and

location, duty of the

product.Extent of

examination.

:,

,,

,,

Information on test

conditions:temperature,

humidity,access,availab

ility,unwanted

interfering

signals,electric and/or

magnetic disturbances.

E 2.0 Information on the product:

grade, metallurgical

condition, shape. type of

discontinuities

anticipated and location,

duty of the product.Extent

of examination.

:,,

,,

,

Information on test

conditions:temperature,hum

idity,access,availability,

unwanted interfering

signals,electric and/or

magnetic disturbances.

:,,

,,

,/

E 2.0

Information on the

product: grade,

metallurgical

condition, shape. type

of discontinuities

anticipated and

location, duty of the

product.Extent of

examination.

:,

,,

,

,

Information on test

conditions:temperatur

e,humidity,access,ava

ilability,unwanted

interfering

signals,electric

and/or magnetic

E 2.0

75

:,

,,,

,/


instructions

disturbances.

:,

,,,

,/

Use of other NDT

methods.

NDT

Codes,standards,

specifications.

,,

7.6

Testing

Reference blocks:

design, production,

storage.

:,,

Operating conditions:

excitation frequency

E 2.0

P 12.0

Reference blocks: design,

production, storage.

:,,

Probe:selection,as a result

of the information in 7.5.

, 7.5

Operating conditions as a

E 2.0

P 12.0

Reference blocks:

design, production,

storage.

:,,

Probe:selection,as a

result of the

information in 7.5.

, 7.5

E 3.0

P 3.0

76

and,if necessary,

auxiliary frequencies;

,

()

probe speed,probe

clearance,probe

vibration and centring.

,,

Calibration curves.

Settings: data

acquisition procedure/

instructions

:/

result of the information in

7.5.

, 7.5


and,if necessary,


, (

)

probe speed,probe

clearance,probe vibration

and centring.

,,

Calibration curves.

Settings: data acquisition

procedure

:

Operating conditions

as a result of the

information in 7.5.

, 7.5


and,if necessary,


,

()

probe speed,probe

clearance,probe

vibration and

centring.

,,

Calibration curves.

77

Settings: data

acquisition procedure

:

7.7

Evaluation and

Reporting

(Evaluation not

applicable)

Reporting

Examination report

E 1.0

P 1.0

Evaluation

Characterization of the

indications:

single frequency

analysis,multifrequency

analysis,data analysis

procedure.

,,

Reporting

Reporting level

Examination report

E 2.0

P 2.0

Evaluation

Characterization of

the indications:

single frequency

analysis,multifrequen

cy analysis,data

analysis procedure.

,,

Reporting

Reporting level

Examination report

E 3.0

P 2.0

7.8

Assessment

(Not applicable) - Acceptance criteria

E 2.0 Acceptance criteria

E 4.0

78

Codes ,standards ,

Significance of

discontinuities

Codes ,standards

,

7.9

Quality aspects



ISO 9712)

( EN 473

ISO 9712)




9712)

( EN 473

ISO 9712)




E 1.0

P 2.0

Personnel

qualification


and ISO 9712)

( EN 473

ISO 9712)


Format of working

procedures

Traceability of

documents

Other NDT

qualification and

E 2.0

P 4.0

79


NDT


NDT application and

product standards

NDT

7.10

Developments

(Not applicable) - General information

E 1.0 Array probes

Pulsed eddy currents

Non inductive

techniques:magneto-

optical Imaging,

SQUID,Giant

magneto-resistance

:-,

,

Imaging

Modeling

E 4.0

P 2.0

80

Total duration

E 19.0

P 19.0

E 25.0

P 23.0

E 29.5

P 14.0

81

8 Penetrant testing ---



E P


1 and level 2.

: EN473

Content

Level 1

()Level 2

(

)

Level 3

(

)

8.1

Introduction to

terminology and

history of, NDT

NDT

History

Purpose

Terminology

Product family

EN ISO 12706

Penetrant

Developer

Remover

Reference block example

E 0.5 History

Purpose

Terminology

Product family

EN ISO 12706

Sensitivity level

Post emulsifiable

Dual purpose penetrant

E 1.0 History

Purpose

Terminology

Product family

EN ISO 12706

Sensitivity level

Post emulsifiable

E 2.0

82

Background Dual purpose penetrant

Background

8.2

Physical

principles of the

method and

associated

knowledge

Relevant standards:

EN 571-1: General

principles

Viscosity

Bleed out

Flash point

Emulsification of

penetrant

Development

Coloured and fluorescent

penetrant

E 0.5 Relevant standards:

EN 571-1: General

principles

Viscosity

Bleed out

Capillarity

Flash point

Emulsification of penetrant

E 2.0 Relevant standards:

EN 571-1: General

principles

Physical basics of the

method

Superficial tension

Viscosity

Contact angle

Vapour pressure

E 2.0

8.3

Product knowledge

and capabilities

of the method and

its derivate

techniques

Typical defects

according to the

manufacturing process

(forgings, castings,

rolling, welding, etc.)

(

E 1.0

P 2.0

Typical defects according

to the manufacturing

process (forgings,

castings, rolling,

welding, etc.)

()

E 1.5

P 1.5

Typical defects

according to the

manufacturing process

(forgings, castings,

rolling, welding,

etc.) (

E 2.0

83

)

)

Welding process,

casting process,

process of rolled bars

8.4

Equipment


penetrant installations

and units

Aerosol spray cans

Dip installations,

brushing, light sources,

measuring units and

reference blocks (EN

3452-3 and EN 3452-4)

(EN

E 1.0

P 1.0


penetrant installations

and units

Electrostatic systems,

fluidized bed

Aerosol spray cans

Dip installations,

brushing, light sources,

measuring units and

reference blocks (EN 3452-3

and EN 3452-4)

E 2.0 Design and operation of

penetrant

installations and

units

Semi-automatic and

automatic systems

Electrostatic systems,

fluidized bed

Aerosol spray cans

E 2.0

84

3452-3 and EN 3452-4)

Viewing condition (EN

ISO 3059)

(EN 3452-3 and EN

3452-4)

Viewing condition (EN ISO

3059)

Dip installations,

brushing, light

sources, measuring

units and reference

blocks (EN 3452-3 and

EN 3452-4)

(EN 3452-3

and EN 3452-4)

(According to various

standards e.g. EN ISO

3452-4)

Viewing condition (EN

ISO 3059)

8.5

Information prior

the test

Verification that the

test object is in

suitable condition for

testing

E 0.5 Information about the test

object, prepare written

instructions

Identification or

E 1.0

P 1.0

Prepare written

procedure

Identification or

designation

Material, dimensions,

E 4.0

85

Written instructions are

given

designation

Material, dimensions, field

of application

Kind of product family,

catalogue of defects

Test conditions /

Applicable standards and

codes, assigned to the test

object

field of application

Kind of product family,

catalogue of defects

Test conditions

/

Applicable standards

and codes, assigned to

the test object

8.6

Testing

Performance of the test

According to written

instructions

E 1.0

P 1.0

Preparation and

performance of the test


instructions according to

E 1.0

P 3.0

Preparation of the test

According to EN 571-1

EN 571-1

E 1.0

86

EN 1371-1,EN 10228-2, EN

1289

EN 1371-1,EN 10228-2,

EN 1289

8.7

Evaluation and

Reporting

Test report

welding according to EN

571-1; EN 571-1

casting according to EN

1371-1; EN 1371-1

forging according to EN

10228-2; EN

10228-2

rolled products.

Viewing conditions

E 1.0

P 2.0

E 0.5

P 1.0

Check test report


571-1; EN 571-1


1371-1; EN 1371-1


10228-2; EN 10228-2


Viewing conditions


E 1.0

P 0.5

E 1.0

P 1.5

Written procedure with

check of test reports:


571-1; EN 571-1


1371-1; EN 1371-1


10228-2; EN

10228-2


E 1.0

E 1.0

87


EN ISO 3059

Reference block No. 2

(according to EN ISO

3452-3) 2 (

EN ISO 3452-3)

Verification the

indication quality

Report of simple

welding, forging, rolled

products and casting

imperfections

E 1.0

P 1.0

EN ISO 3059

Reference block Nos. 1 and 2

according to EN ISO 3452-3

EN ISO 3452-3 1 2

Other used reference blocks

Calibration of test units

batch test report

Evaluation

Verification the indication

quality

Report of discontinuities

according to EN 1289, EN

1371-1, EN 10228-2

E 1.0

P 1.5

Viewing conditions

according to EN ISO

3059

EN ISO 3059

Reference block Nos. 1

and 2 according to EN

ISO 3452-3

EN ISO 3452-3 1

2

Other used reference

blocks

Calibration of test

units

Evaluation

Verification the

indication quality

E 0.5

88

EN 1289, EN 1371-1, EN

10228-2 /

8.8

Assessment

Assessment of

discontinuities

/

Depth, width, shape,

position, orientation

E 0.5 Assessment of

discontinuities /

Influence of manufacture

and material /

E 1.0 Assessment of

discontinuities

/

Depth, width, shape,

position, orientation

E 0.5

8.9

Quality aspects



ISO 9712) (

EN 473 ISO 9712)




9712) ( EN 473

ISO 9712)



E 1.0

P 2.0

Personnel

qualification


and ISO 9712)

( EN 473 ISO

9712)


Format of working

E 2.0

P 3.0

89


A review of applicable NDT

application and product

standards

NDT

procedures

Traceability of

documents

Other NDT

qualification and


NDT


NDT application and

product standards

NDT

8.10

Environmental and

safety conditions

Disposing of chemicals

Penetrants

Developer

Emulsifier

Material of process

excess removal

E 0.5 Disposing of chemicals

Penetrants

Developer

Emulsifier

Material of process excess

removal

E 2.0 Disposing of chemicals

Penetrants,

Soluble Remover,

developer

Safety data sheets

E 1.5

90

Safety data sheet

Safety data sheet

Active carbon method,

ultrafiltration method

UV-radiation, electrical

hazard

disposal is regulated by

national regulations

UV-radiation,

electrical hazard


NDT application and

product standards

NDT

8.11

Developments

(Not applicable) Special installations

Automotive installations

(examples) ()

E 0.5 Creative and

innovative special

installations

Automotive

installations

(examples)

()

Tube installations

E 0.5

Total duration

E 9

P 8

E 16

P 11

E 20

P 3

91

9 Magnetic particle testing ---



E P


1 and level 2.

: EN473

Content

Level 1

()Level 2

(

)

Level 3

(

)

9.1

Introduction,

terminology,

purpose and

history of NDT

NDT

1. Introduction

1.1 Presentation of

magnetic particle

testing

1.2 Applicability and

limits

1.3 History

E 0.5 1. Introduction

1.1 Presentation of

magnetic particle testing


limits

1.3 History

E 1.0 1. Introduction

1.1 Presentation of

magnetic particle

testing


limits

E 1.0

92

1.4 Terminology (EN

1330-7)

1.4 Terminology (EN 1330-7)

1.3 History

1.4 Terminology (EN

1330-7)

9.2

Physical

principles and

associated

knowledge

Basic physical phenomena

in terms of general

description

2.1 Electric circuits,

typical values, units

2.2 Magnetic circuits,


2.3 Magnetic field

created by electric

circuits

2.4 Passage of the flux

from a magnetic medium to

E 3.5

Basic physical phenomena

2.1 Electric circuits,


2.2 Magnetic circuits,


2.3 Magnetic field created

by electric circuits

2.3.1 Indefinite

rectilinear conductor

2.3.2 Long magnetic coil

E 4.0 Basics

2.1 Diamagnetism

Paramagnetism -

2.2 Ferromagnetism

Ferrimagnetism

-

2.3 Magnetic fields

characterization and

measurements

2.4 Magnetic field

(Magnetizing force) H

- magnetic Induction

(Magnetic flux

density) B H -

E 4.0

93

a non magnetic media

2.5 Magnetic flux of a

magnetic discontinuity

2.6 Influence of depth

and orientation of a


on its detection

2.7 Magnetic properties

of materials

2.8 Nonmagnetic

materials

2.9 Magnetic materials.

2.3.3 Short or flat

magnetizing coil

2.3.4 Passage of the flux of

a magnetic in a non magnetic

media

2.3.5 Continuity of HT

HT

2.3.6 Continuity of BN

BN

2.3.7 Magnetic flux of a


2.3.8 Influence of the

geometry (depth, thickness

and orientation) and of the

orientation of a magnetic

B

2.5 Hysteresis cycle

and remarkable points

2.6 Influence of the

temperature on the

magnetic properties

2.7 Principle of

magnetic particle

testing


interface between a

magnetic medium and a

nonmagnetic medium

2.8..1 Continuity of HT

94

Curie point

Relevant standards:

EN ISO 9934-1. General

principles

discontinuity on its

detection (

)

2.4 Magnetic properties

2.5 Designation of alloys

2.6 Non magnetic materials

2.7 Magnetic materials

2.7.1 Field of application

2.7.2 Curie Point

2.7.3 Curve of the first

magnetization

2.7.4 Hysteresis cycle and

remarkable points

HT

2.8.2 Continuity of BN

BN


orientation of the

discontinuity on

magnetic flux

2.10 Behaviour of a

magnetic particle in

the vicinity of a

magnetic flux

2.11 Influence of

geometry (depth,

thickness and

orientation) on

detectability

()

95

2.7.5 Magnetic properties

of steels

2.12 Magnetic

properties of

principal

ferromagnetic alloys

2.12.1 Magnetic field

H, magnetic induction

B, relative magnetic

permeability r ,

coercitive force Hc,

electrical resistivity

.

H B

r

Hc

2.12.2.1 Influence of

composition, heat

treatments and work

hardening of the steel

96

2.12.2.2 Influence of

work hardening.

Influence of heat

treatment

2.12.2.2 Particular

alloys: e.g.

Permalloys, Invar,

Inconel

:

9.3

Product knowledge

and capabilities

of method and its

derivate

techniques

3.1 Typical

discontinuities

according to the

production process

(welds, forgings,

castings and roller

products)

(

)

E 4.0

P 3.0

3.1 Typical discontinuities

in welds, forgings,

castings and roller

products and their

indications.

3.2 Testing parameters:

E 6.0

P 3.0

3.1 Typical

discontinuities in

welds, forgings,

castings and roller

products and their

indications.

E 6.0

97

3.2 Testing parameters:

Magnetization,

detection media and test

of detection media

indication.

Magnetization, detection

media and test of detection

media indication.

3.2 Testing

parameters:

Magnetization,

detection media and

test of detection media

indication.

9.4

Equipment

4.1 Magnetizing

equipment

4.2 Viewing condition

4.3 Measurement and

calibration

4.4 Demagnetization

Relevant standards:

EN ISO 9934-2 and

EN ISO 9934-3

E 2.0

P 1.0

4.1 Various types

4.1.1 Portable

electromagnet

4.1.2 Mobile

4.1.3 Magnetic benches

4.1.4 Automatic and

robotized with automatic

detection (magnetic leakage

field)

()

4.2 Sources of light and

E 3.0

P 1.0

4.1 Mobile or fixed

equipment using

magnetic flow

technique or current

flow technique

4.2 Automatic and

robotized with

automatic detection

(magnetic leakage

field)

()

Relevant standards:

98

conditions of illumination

4.3 Accessories

4.3.1 Flux indicators and

products indicators

4.3.2 Field strength

measuring devices

4.3.3 Photometers and

radiometers

4.4 Considerations on the

choice of the equipment (EN

ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO

9934-3)(EN

ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO

9934-3)

4.4.1 Elements to be taken

into account, materials and

components to be

controlled, zones to be

controlled, goal of the

test, place and environment

EN ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO

9934-3

99

4.4.2 Choice of the

technique type of current

Magnetic flow technique

(open and closed circuit)

(

)

4.5 Current flow

technique induced

current flow, combined

system, multidirectional

magnetization and rotating

field -

9.5

Information prior

the test

5.1 Application of a

written ins

Documents

ISO TR -25107 NDT 訓練課程大綱 中英對照 修正版 121004 25107訓練課程大綱中... · 5 簡介(Introduction) With this Technical Report, ISO/TC 135 and CEN/TC 138 present

ISO TR -25107 NDT 訓練課程大綱中英對照修正版 121004 25107訓練課程大綱中... · 5 簡介(Introduction) With this Technical Report, ISO/TC 135 and CEN/TC 138 present