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Isotopes inEnvironmental Studies
Aquatic Forum 2004
U N E D I T E D P A P E R S
Proceedings of an international conferenceheld in Monaco, 2529 October 2004
organized bythe International Atomic Energy Agency
and co-sponsored by theAbdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics,
International Hydrological Programme of UNESCO,Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO and the
Commission Internationale pour lExploration Scientifiquede la Mer Mditerrane
Con
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Isotopes inEnvironmental Studies
Aquatic Forum 2004
U N E D I T E D P A P E R S
Proceedings of an international conferenceheld in Monaco, 2529 October 2004
organized bythe International Atomic Energy Agency
and co-sponsored by theAbdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics,
International Hydrological Programme of UNESCO,Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO and the
Commission Internationale pour lExploration Scientifiquede la Mer Mditerrane
The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was:
IAEA Marine Environment Laboratory, Monaco International Atomic Energy Agency
4, Quai Antoine 1er MC 98000 Monaco
ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES IAEA, VIENNA, 2006
IAEA-CSP-26 ISBN 920111305X
ISSN 15624153 IAEA, 2006
Printed by the IAEA in Austria February 2006
FOREWORD
A better understanding of key processes in the aquatic environment, responsible for its future development and its protection, were at the forefront of the IAEAs International Conference on Isotopes in Environmental Studies AQUATIC FORUM 2004 convened in Monaco from 25 to 29 October 2004, which was the most important gathering of the year of isotope environmental scientists. The conference was organised by the IAEAs Marine Environment Laboratory in cooperation with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, the International Hydrological Programme (IHP) of UNESCO, the Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterrane (CIESM), and the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP). The conference was hosted by the Principality of Monaco. Over 320 experts from 60 IAEA Member States and 6 international organizations delivered 185 oral presentations in 6 plenary and 31 parallel sessions and made 130 poster presentations.
Members of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Conference were: R.F.C. Mantoura, IAEA-MEL, Monaco; P.K. Aggarwal, IAEA, Vienna; A. Aureli, IHP, Paris; M. Boisson, CSM, Monaco; F. Briand, CIESM, Monaco; K.R. Sreenivasan, ICTP, Trieste; U. Unluata, IOC, Paris. The Scientific Secretary of the Conference was P.P. Povinec.
The conference reviewed the present state of the art isotopic methods for investigation of the aquatic environment. The main conference subjects considered were: (i) behaviour, transport and distribution of isotopes in the aquatic environment; (ii) climate change studies using isotopic records in the marine environment; (iii) groundwater dynamics, modelling and management of freshwater sources; (iv) important global projects, such as WOCE, WOMARS, SHOTS, GEOTRACES;(v) joint IAEA-UNESCO submarine groundwater investigations in the MediterraneanSea, the Southwest Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; (vi) new trends in radioecological investigations,concentrating on the protection of marine biota against radioactive contamination; (vii) transfersin analytical technologies from bulk analyses to particle and compound specific analyses ofenvironmental samples; (viii) development of new isotopic techniques, such as AMS and ICPMS, and their successful applications in environmental studies; and many other exciting topics which were presented and discussed during the Conference.
Four workshops were held simultaneously: ATOMS-Med Workshop - development of a project proposal for oceanographic investigations in the Eastern Mediterranean.
El Nio - Research Co-ordination Meeting of the new IAEA Coordinated Research Project investigating climate change using isotopic records in the marine environment.
CELLAR Workshop - Collaboration of European Low-Level Underground Laboratories.
GSI Workshop on Groundwater- Seawater Interactions in coastal zones, organized in cooperation with the IAPSO Commission on Groundwater-Seawater Interactions.
These proceedings contain papers presented during the conference in oral and poster sessions. Several papers presented orally during the conference have been submitted by the authors for publication in a special issue of the Journal of Environmental Radioactivity book series, published by Elsevier. It is hoped that these publications will contribute to the research in isotopes in environmental studies, which will make the use of isotopes more widespread, and will further stimulate work in thisexciting field.
The IAEA officers responsible for this publication were P.P. Povinec and J.A. Sanchez-Cabeza of the IAEA Marine Environment Laboratory.
CONTENTS
OPENING STATEMENT ............................................................................................................ 1S.A.S. le Prince Souverain de Monaco Albert II
OPENING STATEMENT ............................................................................................................ 2Werner Burkart
OPENING STATEMENT ............................................................................................................ 4R.F.C. Mantoura
CLIMATE CHANGE Interannual to decadal climate variability in the Pacific and Indian Oceans revealed by isotopic
studies of corals (IAEA-CN-118/3) ......................................................................................................9
Dunbar, R., D. Fleitmann, D. Mucciarone Use of coral skeleton as environmental archives: the biological basis (IAEA-CN-118/40)..........................11
Allemand, D., C. Ferrier-Pags, P. Furla, S. Puverel, S. Reynaud, . Tambutt, S. Tambutt, D. Zoccola
Radiocarbon in corals: a tracer of past changes in the carbon cycle and climate (IAEA-CN-118/42) ..........12
Druffel, E.R.M. Holocene climate variability along the Antarctic Peninsula and linkage with a terrestrial paleoclimate
record from South America (IAEA-CN-118/17) .................................................................................13
Dunbar, R., A. Ravelo, A. Leventer, E. Domack High-resolution bomb pulse radiocarbon records from corals, spanning the Central and Southeastern
Pacific Ocean (IAEA-CN-118/18) .......................................................................................................15
Warren Beck, J., T. Correge, G. Burr Glacial climate transitions in the Southern Hemisphere - new insights from cosmogenic 10Be in rocks
and 14C in tree-rings (IAEA-CN-118/19) ............................................................................................16
Fink, D. Century-to-decade scale modulation of ENSO recorded by postglacial laminated sediments from
the Peru continental margin (IAEA-CN-118/20) ................................................................................17
Skilbeck, G., M. Gagan, I. Goodwin, M. Watson, D. Fink Invasion of anthropogenic CO2 recorded in stable isotopes of planktonic foraminifera from the
northern Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea (IAEA-CN-118/21) ........................................................................19
Al-Rousan, S., J. Ptzold, S. Al-Moghrabi, G. Wefer Effect of pCO2 and temperature on the boron isotopic composition of the zooxanthellate coral
Acropora sp. (IAEA-CN-118/23) . ......................................................................................................21 Reynaud, S., N. Hemming, A. Juillet-Lecrlerc, P. Gattuso
Predictability of paleogene climate and primary productivity of the Eastern Central Atlantic
(IAEA-CN-118/25) .............................................................................................................................23
Arkaah, A.B., M. Kaminski, N. Ogle, L. Apaalse, D. Atta-Petters, G. Wiafe, A.K. Armah Isotopic composition of perennial cave ice as a proxy for palaeoclimate: the Focul Viu ice cave,
Bihor Mts., Romania (IAEA-CN-118/27)............................................................................................25
Frizs, I., Z. Kern, B. Nagy, Zs. Sznt, L. Palcsu
CLIMATE CHANGE - POSTERS Climate changes in the eastern Equatorial Pacific: results from multiproxy study of IMAGES
core MD02-2529 (IAEA-CN-118/151P)..............................................................................................29
Ivanova, E.V., L. Vidal, L. Beaufort, G. Leduc
Reconstructing sedimentation history from radionuclides (210Pb, 137Cs, 241Am) and the recognition
of geodynamic events in Lakes Puyehue and Icalma (Chilean Lake District,
Northern Patagonia) (IAEA-CN-118/70P) ..........................................................................................31
Magand, O., F. Arnaud, E. Chapron, M.-A. Mlires, X. Bos
OCEANS AND SEASBomb-radiocarbon: distribution, inventory, and change (IAEA-CN-118/120) ............................................35
Key, R.M. Distribution of tritium (3H) in the Southern Ocean: Implications for formation rates, circulation
patterns and mean residences of major water masses (IAEA-CN-118/121) .......................................37
Schlosser, P., B. Newton, A. Spieler Average 3H, 90Sr, 137Cs and 239,240Pu concentrations in surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean -
WOMARS collaboration (IAEA-CN-118/148) ..................................................................................38
Povinec, P.P., A. Aarkrog, K.O. Buesseler, R. Delfanti, K. Hirose, G.H. Hong, T. Ito, H.D. Livingston, H. Nies, V.E. Noshkin, S. Shima, O. Togawa
Radionuclides as tracers of water masses in the Southern Ocean ANTARES IV results
(IAEA-CN-118/145) ...........................................................................................................................43
Lee, S-H., P.P. Povinec, J. Gastaud, B. Oregioni, L. Coppola, C. Jeandel, U. Morgenstern, Z. Top
Temporal variation of 137Cs distribution and inventory along 165E in the North Pacific from the
1960s to the present (IAEA-CN-118/141) ...........................................................................................47
Aoyama, M., K. Hirose, K. Komura, K. Nemoto Dissolved N2O in Southern Ocean fronts at 140E; production, consumption and budget
(IAEA-CN-118/147) ............................................................................................................................49
Boontanon, N., S. Watanabe, N. YoshidaDynamics of a late spring phytoplankton bloom in the eastern Weddell Sea: short-timescale
changes in 234Th/238U disequilibrium (IAEA-CN-118/146) .................................................................54
Rodriguez y Baena, A.M., J.C. Miquel, P. Masqu, J. La Rosa, E. Isla, T. Brey, J.A. Sanchez-Cabeza, S.W. Fowler
OCEANS AND SEAS - POSTERS GEOTRACES : An international program to study the global marine biogeochemistry of trace
elements and isotopes (IAEA-CN-118/1P) ..........................................................................................59
Jeandel, C., R.F. Anderson, G. Henderson, R. Francois, M. Frank Cadmium isotopic composition in the ocean (IAEA-CN-118/2P) ................................................................61
Lacan, F., R. Francois, M. Bothner, J. Crusius, C. Jeandel Coral skeletons as proxy records: assessment of carbon isotopes in laboratory cultured corals and
coral heads from French Polynesia (IAEA-CN-118/3P)......................................................................62
Liong Wee Kwong, L., C. Ferrier-Pages, A.J.T. Jull, P. Povinec 137Cs exchange processes in the Azov Sea (IAEA-CN-118/4P) ...................................................................64
Matishov, D.G., G.G. Matishov, N.E. Kasatkina Distributions of long-lived anthropogenic radionuclides (14C, 129I, and 239+240Pu) in coastal water
columns off Sanriku, Japan (IAEA-CN-118/5P) .................................................................................66
Shima, S., S. Gasa, K. Iseda, M. Kamamoto, H. Kofuji, T. Nakayama, K. Nishizawa, S. Mori, H. Kawamura
The Marine Information System (MARIS) (IAEA-CN-118/6P) ..................................................................68
Povinec, P.P., P. Scotto, I. Osvath, H. Ramadan
MEDITERRANEAN SEA The Nile and the Levantine pump (IAEA-CN-118/183) ...............................................................................73
Halim, Y.
The first decade of the big transient in the Eastern Mediterranean deep waters (IAEA-CN-118/184) ........83
Roether, W., B. Klein, B.B. Manca Re-distribution of 137Cs Chernobyl signal in the Aegean Sea (IAEA-CN-118/5) ........................................89
Delfanti, R., C. Tsabaris, C. Papucci, H. Kaberi, R. Lorenzelli, V. Zervakis, M. Tangherlini, D. Georgopolous
13C/12C isotope ratio and chemical composition of the organic matter forming mucilaginous
aggregates in the Northern Adriatic Sea (IAEA-CN-118/8) ...............................................................93
Giani, M., V. Zangrando, D. Berto Carbon export assessed by sediment traps and 234Th:238U disequilibrium during the spring summer
transition in the open NW Mediterranean (IAEA-CN-118/4) ............................................................97
Miquel, J-C., B. Gasser, A. Rodriguez y Baena, S.W. Fowler, J.K. Cochran The benthic boundary layer: radioactivity and oceanographic data from the GEOSTAR-2
Observatory (IAEA-CN-118/7) ...........................................................................................................99
Plastino, W., M. Laubenstein, G. Etiope, P. Favali Black Sea radioactivity assessment and tracer studies: a Regional Technical Co-operation
Programme (IAEA-CN-118/14).........................................................................................................101
Osvath, I., M. Samiei, A. Chupov, V. Egorov, G. Goktepe, A. Nikitin, S. Pagava, N. Paning, Gy. Ruzsa, K. Shimkus, B. Veleva1, O. Voitsekhovitch
ISOTOPIC STUDIES Reading the isotope language (IAEA-CN-118/1) .......................................................................................107
Kutschera, W. 15N and unravelling the marine nitrogen cycle (IAEA-CN-118/2) .............................................................108
Owens, N.J.P. Using stable isotopes (C, N) to constrain organics in sub-basement fossil soils (Ocean Drilling
Program-Leg 197; N. Pacific): a possible example of isolated atmosphere-land-ocean
systems (IAEA-CN-118/138).............................................................................................................110
Bonaccorsi, R. Hydrodynamic sorting of Washington margin sediments using SPLITT fractionation
(IAEA-CN-118/139) ..........................................................................................................................112
Coppola, L., . Gustafsson, P. Andersson, M. Uchida, T.I. Eglinton
ISOTOPIC STUDIES POSTERS Sources of fine organic matter on the Southwestern Iberian continental shelf (IAEA-CN-118/43P) ........117
Burdloff, D., M.F. Araujo, J.M. Jouanneau Seasonal change of CO2 recycling rate by understory vegetation in a cool-temperate forest in
Japan (IAEA-CN-118/47P) ................................................................................................................121
Kondo, M., M. Uchida, H. Muraoka, H. Koizumi Photo- and chemico-synthetic organic carbon production and its fate in the Black Sea: use of
isotopic techniques and tracing (IAEA-CN-118/48P) .......................................................................123
Yilmaz, A., Y. Coban-Yildaz
ISOTOPE HYDROLOGY Advances in isotope hydrology at the IAEA (IAEA-CN-118/66) ...............................................................127
Aggarwal, P. Opportunities and challenges in research on ground-water modeling (IAEA-CN-118/67).........................128
Schwartz, F.W. Tracing sources of organic matter and nitrate in the San Francisco Bay-Delta-River ecosystem
using isotopic techniques (IAEA-CN-118/68) ..................................................................................129
Kendall, C., S.R. Silva, B.E. Bemis, D.H. Doctor, S.D. Wankel
Use of tritium time series to estimate physical parameters of hydrologic systems (IAEA-CN-118/69) ....130
Michel, R.L. Line-conditioned excess: a new method for characterizing stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope
ratios in hydrologic systems (IAEA-CN-118/56) .............................................................................131
Landwehr, J.M., T.B. Coplen Environmental tracers in groundwater of the North China Plain (IAEA-CN-118/73) ...............................136
Kreuzer, A.M., C. Zongyu, R. Kipfer, W. Aesbach-Hertig The relationship between the isotopic composition of lake and inflow waters and the limnology of
a small carbonate lake in NW England (IAEA-CN-118/76) .............................................................140
Fisher, E.H., S.F. Crowley, S. Barnes, K. Kiriakoulakis, J.D. Marshall Stable water isotopes: revolutionary tools for global water cycle disturbance diagnosis
(IAEA-CN-118/55) ...........................................................................................................................144
Henderson-Sellers, A., P. Airey, D. Stone, K. McGuffie, A. Williams Delineating sources of sulfate and nitrate in rivers and streams by combining hydrological, chemical
and isotopic techniques (IAEA-CN-118/57)......................................................................................148
Mayer, B., L. Rock, L. Hogberg, L. Jackson, M. Varner, J.B. Shanley, S.W. Bailey, M.J. Mitchell
Isotope tracing of throughflow, residency and runoff to lakes for regional assessment of critical
acid loadings to aquatic ecosystems (IAEA-CN-118/71) .................................................................150
Gibson, J.J., K. Bennett Isotopic studies of environmental changes in the basins of the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea
(IAEA-CN-118/74) ...........................................................................................................................152
Ferronsky, V.I., V.A. Polyakov, K. Froehlich, P.N. Kuprin, V.S. Brezgunov, L.S. Vlasova, Y.A. Karpychev
A geochemical and isotope hydrological study of eutrophication processes in the Plitvice Lakes,
Croatia (IAEA-CN-118/75) ..............................................................................................................158
Horvatin i , N., B. Obeli , J. Barei , R. ali , S. Babinka, A. Suckow, I. Krajcar BroniDetermination of old and fresh water mixing in a Hungarian karstic aquifer using isotope methods
(IAEA-CN-118/77) ...........................................................................................................................160
Molnr, M., L. Palcsu, . Svingor, Z. Sznt, I. Fut, L. Rinyu Estimation of groundwater recharge and vulnerability by tritium data in Hungary
(IAEA-CN-118/78) ...........................................................................................................................162
Deak, J. Evolution of groundwater in a carbonate-bearing glacigenic aquifer, SW Finland: hydrochemical
and isotopic evidence (IAEA-CN-118/79) ........................................................................................164
Kortelainen, N.K., J.A. Karhu, H. Lallukka, K. Lindqvist Tracing water-rock interactions: application to CO2-rich and thermal mineral waters of the Forez
graben, eastern French Massif Central (IAEA-CN-118/80) .............................................................166
Gal, F., C.Y.J. Renac, D. Tisserand Are oxygen isotopes of sulfate a useful tool for the quantification of sulfate reduction in a BTEX
contaminated aquifer? (IAEA-CN-118/81) .......................................................................................168
K. Knoeller, C. Vogt, S. Weise Stable isotope compositions of sedimentary organic carbon and nitrogen recovered from East
African crater lake (IAEA-CN-118/82) ............................................................................................170
A.N.N. Muzuka Environmental isotopes and hydrochemistry approach to evaluate the source of recharge and
pollution load in Manzala and Bardawil Lakes, Egypt (IAEA-CN-118/85) .....................................172
Aly, A.I.M., M.A. Hamed, S.G. Abd El-Samie, E.A. Eweida Myall Lakes isotope dating of short term environmental changes in a coastal lake system
anthropogenic pressures causing blue-green algae outbreaks in a national park
(IAEA-CN-118/86) ...........................................................................................................................174
Flett, I., H. Heijnis, K. Harle, G. Skilbeck
ISOTOPE HYDROLOGY POSTERS Temporal analysis of stable water isotopic characteristics in the Murray Darling Basin
(IAEA-CN-118/44P) ..........................................................................................................................177
Henderson-Sellers, A., P. Airey, D. Stone, K. McGuffie Application of stable isotope tracers to evaluate the hydrodynamic mechanisms of heavy metal
mobilization in copper ore tailings (IAEA-CN-118/46P) ..................................................................179
Knoeller, K., M. Schubert 210Po in meteoric and surface waters at Corumbata River Basin, So Paulo State, Brazil
(IAEA-CN-118/93P) ..........................................................................................................................181
Bonotto, D.M., J.L.N. De Lima Residence times for surface waters in altered granite area : example of the Furan water catchment,
east French Massif Central (IAEA-CN-118/95P) .............................................................................183
Gal, F., C.Y.J. Renac, D. Tisserand Integrated forecast system atmospheric hydrologic - hydraulic for the Urubamba River Basin
(IAEA-CN-118/98P) ..........................................................................................................................185
Metzger, L., M. Carrillo, A. Diaz, J. Coronado, G. Fano Magmatic origin of CO2 in the Surdulica Geothermal System (IAEA-CN-118/99P)..................................187
Miljevic, N., D. Golobocanin, A. Zujic An oxygen isotope study in a lake-river system in Southern Finland (IAEA-CN-118/101P) .....................189
Sonninen, I., E. Huitu, S. Mkel, L. Arvola Application of environmental isotopes of hydrogen (3H), carbon (13C & 14C) and oxygen (16O/18O)
in studies of groundwater-streamflow interactions (IAEA-CN-118/146P) .......................................190
Stone, G., G. Jacobsen, C. Hughes, R. Szymczak
GROUNDWATER-SEAWATER INTERACTIONSMeasurement and potential importance of submarine groundwater discharge (IAEA-CN-118/119) .........195
W.C. Burnett Assessment of groundwater-seawater interactions in the Aral Sea basin (IAEA-CN-118/131) .................196
Kontar, E.A., A.T. Salokhiddinov, Z.M. Khakimov Biogeochemical consequences of submarine groundwater discharge in the coastal ocean
(IAEA-CN-118/133) .........................................................................................................................202
Kim, G., D.-W. Hwang, Y.-W. Lee, K.S. Park Contribution of environmental isotopes in the identification of groundwater salinization mechanisms
in the Lower Tagus - Lower Sado Basin Portugal (IAEA-CN-118/132) .......................................203
Carreira, P.M., P.A. Galego Fernandes, D. Nunes, M.F. Araujo, M.O. Silva Salt water intrusion in the aquifers in the south oriental coastal zones of Sicily (IAEA-CN-118/124) ......208
Aureli, A., D. Fidelibus, A.M.G. Privitera, G.M. Zuppi Environmental isotope investigation of submarine groundwater discharge in Sicily, Italy
(IAEA-CN-118/123) .........................................................................................................................212
Aggarwal, P.K., K.M. Kulkarni, P.P. Povinec, L-F. Han, M. Groening Radium isotopic tracers of submarine groundwater discharge into the Venice Lagoon
(IAEA-CN-118/127) .........................................................................................................................214
Garcia-Solsona, E., P. Masqu, J. Rapaglia, H. Bokuniewicz, L. Zaggia, F. Collavini, J.K. Cochran, J.M. Zuppi, J.A. Sanchez-Cabeza, A. Beck
Hydrochemistry and isotopic characteristics of the submarine springs of south-eastern Sicily
(IAEA-CN-118/125) .........................................................................................................................216
Aureli, A., G. Barrocu, G. Cusimano, D. Fidelibus, L. Gatto, S. Hauser, M.A. Schiavo, L. Tulipano, G.M. Zuppi
Groundwater inputs via 222Rn and Ra isotopes off Ubatuba, Brazil (IAEA-CN-118/129) ..........................219
Burnett, W.C., R. Peterson, H. Dulaiova
Submarine groundwater discharge into the Yellow Sea (IAEA-CN-118/134) ...........................................221
Ryu, J.W., G. Kim Radium constraints on groundwaters and coastal waters dynamics in the Rhone Delta, France
(IAEA-CN-118/135) .........................................................................................................................222
Ollivier, P., C. Claude, O. Radakovitch, B. Hamelin
RADIOECOLOGYRecent trends in marine radioecology (IAEA-CN-118/162) ......................................................................227
Kershaw, P.J., K.S. Leonard, J.N. Aldridge, G.J. Hunt Long-term behaviour of 137Cs in Finnish lakes (IAEA-CN-118/32) ..........................................................229
Saxn, R. The EPIC exposure assessment methodology a case study for Arctic marine systems
(IAEA-CN-118/36) ...........................................................................................................................233
Thrring, H., J.E. Brown, M. Iosjpe, A. Hosseini Transfer of Chernobyl radionuclides in the aquatic systems (IAEA-CN-118/33).......................................237
Zhukova, O., M. Germenchuk, N. Shiryaeva, V. Drozdovich Theoretical dose reconstruction along life-cycle for plaices (Pleuronectes platessa) living in the
Northern Cotentin waters after 1966 (IAEA-CN-118/37) ................................................................243
Beaugelin Seiller, K., B. Fievet, J. Garnier-Laplace Data synthesis for terrestrial gamma radiation level measured on the Japanese Islands and their
adjacent ocean floor (IAEA-CN-118/39) ..........................................................................................248
Furukawa, M. Post depositional reactivity of the plutonium in marine sediments: new evidence from solid
partitioning (IAEA-CN-118/29) ........................................................................................................252
Gouzy, A., D. Boust, O. Connan, G. Billon, M. Agarande, L. Leon-Vintro, P.J. Kershaw The extreme Rhone River flood of December 2003 (South East France) consequences on the
translocation of artificial radioactive contaminants onto the flooded areas
(IAEA-CN-118/163) ..........................................................................................................................254
Eyrolle, F., C. Duffa, B. Rolland, C. Antonelli Removal of sedimentary stocks and associated radioactivity in the lower Rhne River (South Eastern
France) (IAEA-CN-118/164) ............................................................................................................256
Rolland, B., F. Eyrolle, D. Bourls
RADIOECOLOGY POSTERS
Study of exposure to radiation in a lost wax foundry (IAEA-CN-118/8P)..................................................261
Legarda, F., N. Alegra, M. Herranz, R. Idoeta Artificial Radionuclides in Black Sea Sediments (IAEA-CN-118/9P)........................................................263
Aliev, R., St. Kalmykov, Yu. Sapozhnikov Off-site environmental monitoring for radiological safety (IAEA-CN-118/11P)........................................265
elebi, N., G. Karahan, C. zag, B. Ataksor, E. Gngr, M. Ta delen, M. Koak Environmental monitoring of - and - emitters in areas near Tomsk City (Siberia, Russia)
(IAEA-CN-118/12P) ..........................................................................................................................266
Choura, L., G. Ardisson, V. Karataev, G. Barci-Funel, H. Michel, V. Barci Transport of radionuclides in and to Norwegian waters 10 years of monitoring of the marine
environment (IAEA-CN-118/14P) ....................................................................................................264
Svaeren, I., H.E. Heldal, P. Alvestad, L. Fyn Management of GIS Database and multipurpose customization of computerized models of the
contaminated aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems (IAEA-CN-118/16P) .............................................270
Gheorghiu, D., R. Margineanu, D. Slavnicu The prognosis of radioactive contamination of an environment of Belarus after catastrophe on
Chernobyl NPP (IAEA-CN-118/17P) ...............................................................................................272
Germenchuk, M., E. Shagalova, O. Zhukova
The annual variation of 238U concentration and 234U/238U, 235U/238U ratios in Greek rivers
(IAEA-CN-118/20P) .........................................................................................................................275
Kehagia, K., S. Bratakos, V. Koukouliou, C. Potiriadis Field study of sedimentation and radionuclide pollution of the Black Sea (IAEA-CN-118/21P) ..............277
Yesin, N.V., R.D. Kos'yan Plutonium in components of the Techa Ob river ecosystem (IAEA-CN-118/22P) .................................279
Kryshev, I.I., A.I. Kryshev Mass accumulation rates and fallout radionuclides 210Pb, 137Cs and 241Am inventories determined
in radiometrically dated abyssal sediments of the Black Sea (IAEA-CN-118/23P) ..........................281
Laptyev, G.V., O.V. Voitsekhovitch, A.B. Kostezh, I. Osvath Multivariate statistics in the identification of unknown nuclear material (IAEA-CN-118/27P) .................283
Nicolaou, G., N.F. Tsagas Radioactivity control of the Danube ecosystem (IAEA-CN-118/28P) ........................................................285
Pantelic, G., I. Tanaskovic, V. Vuletic, P. Vancsura, A. Lengyel Varga 137Cs fallout impact on forest soils and lake sediments in the Boreon area, Mercantour Massif,
SE France (IAEA-CN-118/29P) ........................................................................................................287
Rezzoug, S., H. Michel, F. Fernex, G. Barci-Funel, V. Barci Monitoring of radionuclides in the air: a radiation monitoring network of the Czech Republic
(IAEA-CN-118/30P) .........................................................................................................................288
Rulik, P., J. Skrkal, J. Tecl Radiological assessment of the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast (IAEA-CN-118/31P) ...............................290
El-Gamal, A., I.H. Saleh, S. Nasr, M. Naim Environmental monitoring at the Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation (ANSTO)
(IAEA-CN-118/33P) .........................................................................................................................292
Ferris, J., J. Harrison, E. Hoffmann, T.E. Payne, R. Szymczak Radionuclides in the coastal environment of Indonesia (IAEA-CN-118/34P) ...........................................294
Umbara, H., H. Suseno Determination of natural and artificial radioactivity levels in sediment in the Marmara Sea
(IAEA-CN-118/35P) .........................................................................................................................296
Varinlioglu, A., R. Kucukcezzar, A. Kose 210Po in the North-West Black Sea ecosystem (IAEA-CN-118/36P) ..........................................................297
Lazorenko, G.E., G. Polikarpov, I. Osvath Determination of radiation level and elemental composition in water, biota and sediments from
Cayo Punta Brava, Morrocoy National Park, Venezuela (IAEA-CN-118/61P) ...............................298
Castillo, J., J. Bermdez, L. Sajo-Bohus, E. Greaves, D. Palacios
BIOMONITORS
Recent Observations of 99Tc in Finnish coastal waters (IAEA-CN-118/105)..............................................303
Ilus, E., V-P Vartti, T.K. Ikaheimonen, J. Mattila Water to swamp morning glory transfer of radium-226 (IAEA-CN-118/116) ............................................307
Porntepkasemsan, B., K. Srisuksawa Phosphorus availability to ryegrass from urban sewage sludges assessed by isotopic labeling
and dilution technique: effect of irradiation (IAEA-CN-118/118) ....................................................311
El-Motaium, R.A., C. Morel Tolerance of fish to contaminated habitats: underlying mechanisms probed with isotopic tracers
(IAEA-CN-118/107) ..........................................................................................................................316Jeffree, R.A., S.J. Markich, J.R. Twining, S. Gal
Concentration factors for Tc-99 in lobsters (Hommarus gammarus) from Norwegian coastalareas (IAEA-CN-118/109) ..............................................................................................................318Rudjord, A.L., A.K. Kolstad, H.E. Heldal
Bioaccumulation and retention of 210Pb in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (IAEA-CN-118/9) .............................................................................................................................321
Boudjenoun, R., J.-L. Teyssi, O. Cotret, J. Paganelli, S.W. Fowler, M. Warnau Delineation of heavy metal uptake pathways (seawater, food and sediment) in tropical marine
bivalves using metal radiotracers (IAEA-CN-118/111) .....................................................................323
Hdouin, L., M. Mtian, O. Cotret, J.-L. Teyssi, J. Paganelli, S.W. Fowler, R. Fichez, M. Warnau
Po-210 and Pb-210 concentration factors for zooplankton and faecal pellets in the oligotrophic
South-West Pacific (IAEA-CN-118/112) ..........................................................................................325
Jeffree, R.A., R. Szymczak, G.A. Peck Distribution and interelement correlation between chemical elements and radionuclides in marine
mammals from the southern Baltic Sea (IAEA-CN-118/113) ..........................................................327
Ciesielski, T., M. Waszczuk-Jankowska, P. Fodor, Zs. Bertenyi, I. Kuklik, K. Skra, R. Bojanowski, J. Namie nik, P. Szefer
Bioaccumulation of selected heavy metals in the brown alga Lobophora variegata : a radiotracer study (IAEA-CN-118/114) ................................................................................................................329
Metian, M., L. Hdouin, E. Giron, E. Buschiazzo, V. Borne, J. Paganelli, R. Boudjenoun, O. Cotret, J.-L. Teyssi, S.W. Fowler, M. Warnau
Anthropogenic radionuclides in fish, shellfish, algae and sediments from the Sudanese
Red Sea coastal environment (IAEA-CN-118/117) ..........................................................................331
Rifaat Babiker, H.K., A.K. Sam, O.I. Osman, D.A. Sirelkhatim, J. La Rosa
BIOMONITORS POSTERS
Zinc uptake and behaviour in the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata (IAEA-CN-118/50P) ............ 335Boisson, F., C. Richard, C. Ferrier-Pages
Distribution of radioactive caesium, potassium and selected chemical elements in the
macrophytes from the southern Baltic waters and application of factor analysis to study
interelemental relationships (IAEA-CN-118/51P) ............................................................................337
Zbikowski, R., R. Bojanowski, P. Szefer, A. Lata aHigh levels of natural radioactivity in biota from deep sea hydrothermal vents (IAEA-CN-118/52P) ......338
Charmasson, S., M. Agarande, D. Louvat, A-M. Neiva Marques, P-M. Sarradin, J. Loyen, D. Desbruyeres
Influence of ambient dissolved metal concentration on their bioaccumulation in two tropical
oysters: a radiotracer study (IAEA-CN-118/53P) .............................................................................340
Giron, E, E. Buschiazzo, L. Hdouin, M. Gomez Batista, M. Metian, V. Borne, O. Cotret, J.-L. Teyssi, S.W. Fowler, M. Warnau
Systematic model of metal and radionuclide bioaccumulation in crocodilian and molluscan
calcified tissues (IAEA-CN-118/54P) ...............................................................................................342
Jeffree, R.A., S.J. Markich Bioaccumulation of arsenic and other heavy metals in the oyster Crassostrea virginica:
a radiotracer study (IAEA-CN-118/147P) .........................................................................................344
Gomez-Batista, M., M. Metian, E. Buschiazzo, J-L. Teyssie, O. Cotret, C. Alonso-Hernandez, S.W. Fowler, M. Warnau
Use of fish biomarker response in the evaluation of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov
coastal ecosystem health (IAEA-CN-118/57P) .................................................................................346
Rudneva, I., L.S. Oven, N.F. Shevchenko, E.N. Skuratuvskaya, T.B. Vahtina, O.S. Roshina Microcalorimetry method for the evaluation of the pollution response of marine organisms
(IAEA-CN-118/58P) ..........................................................................................................................348
Rudneva, I.I., V.G. Shaida, N.S. Kuzminova A microbiological study on Rashid black sand sediments, Egypt (IAEA-CN-118/59P) ............................350
El-Gamal, A., T. Zaghloul, I.H. Saleh, S. Nasr, M. Naim
Bioaccumulation of artificial radionuclides and dose assessment to biota in the Yenisei River
(Russia) (IAEA-CN-118/60P) ............................................................................................................352
Kryshev, A.I., T.G. Sazykina
ATMOSPHERE 210Pb, 210Po and 7Be in oceanic air from the North Pole to the Antarctic (IAEA-CN-118/59) ....................357
Holm, E, P. Roos, M. Leisvik Observation of airborne 210Pb and 7Be during the Arctic Ocean 2001 expedition
(IAEA-CN-118/60) ............................................................................................................................361
Paatero, J., J. Hatakka, C. Leck, V. Aaltonen, Y. Viisanen Deposition rates of radionuclides in Monaco in 2002 and 2003 (IAEA-CN-118/62) ................................365
Pham, M.K., S-H. Lee, J. Gastaud, P.P. Povinec Temporal and seasonal variations of stable isotopes ( 2H and 18O) and tritium in precipitation over
Portugal (IAEA-CN-118/63)..............................................................................................................370
Carreira, P.M., P. Valerio, D. Nunes, M. F. Arajo Explanation of temporal changes of isotopic composition in precipitation in Hungary by
meteorological data and satellite images (IAEA-CN-118/64) ..........................................................374
Palcsu, L., E. Svingor, Z. Sznt, I. Fut, M. Molnr, L. Rinyu, R. Rozinai, Z. DezsCosmogenic 22Na and 7Be in ground level air in Krakw (Poland) (IAEA-CN-118/65) ...........................376
Grabowska, S., J.W. Mietelski FORSGC Network for isotopes in precipitation over the Monsoon Asia (IAEA-CN-118/61) ...................380
Ichiyanagi, K., K. Yoshimura, M.D. Yamanaka
ATMOSPHERE POSTERS Changes of methane and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere: New constraints from stable isotope
analyses in polar firn and ice (IAEA-CN-118/37P) ...........................................................................385
Bernard, S., T. Roeckmann, J. Kaiser, J. Chappellaz, J-M. Barnola, C.M. Brenninkmeijer Seasonal variation of anthropogenic radionuclides in atmospheric samples from central radiation
monitoring station in Korea (IAEA-CN-118/38P) ............................................................................386
Chang, B.U., Y.J. Kim, C.S. Kim, H.Y. Choi, C.K. Kim, B.H. Rho, J.Y. Moon Surface mass balance of the East-Wilkes / Victoria region of Antarctica: an update
(IAEA-CN-118/39P) .........................................................................................................................388
Magand, O., C. Genthon, M. Frezzotti, M. Fily, S. Urbini, H. Gallee Study of radionuclide concentration in the air at 11 km altitude using cabin filters from airliners
(IAEA-CN-118/40P) .........................................................................................................................390
Mietelski, J.W., S. Grabowska, P. Gaca The development of detailed climatic scenarios for the Central Asia Region (IAEA-CN-118/41P) ..........393
Normatov, I. Sh. Determination of mid-latitude radon-222 flux from the Southern Ocean using atmospheric
radon-222 concentration measurements at an island ground station (IAEA-CN-118/42P) ...............395
Zahorowski, W., S. Chambers, A. Henderson-Sellers
RADIONUCLIDE STUDIES OF SEDIMENTS Latitudinal distribution and sedimentation of 90Sr, 137Cs, 241Am and 239,240Pu in bottom sediment
of the Northwest Pacific Ocean (IAEA-CN-118/166) ......................................................................399
Lee, S-H., P.P. Povinec, E. Wyse, G-H. Hong, C-S. Chung, S-H. Kim, H-J. Lee Radioactivity of Lake Sevan (Armenia) bottom sediments (IAEA-CN-118/165) .......................................401
Nalbandyan, A.G., V.L. Ananyan, W.C. Burnett, J.C. Cable Use of 137Cs, 239,240Pu and 210Pb in sediment accumulation studies in the Baltic Sea
(IAEA-CN-118/167) .........................................................................................................................405
Mattila, J., H. Kankaanp, E. Ilus
137Cs accumulation in coastal sediments in Sweden (IAEA-CN-118/186) .................................................409
Pettersson, H.B.L., I. Salih, J. Herrmann Pollutant lead deposition in the Gulf of Lions over the last century reconstructed from
sedimentary records (IAEA-CN-118/174) ........................................................................................416
Miralles, J., A. Vron, O. Radakovitch, P. Deschamps, B. Hamelin Distribution Coefficients (Kds) of naturally occurring radionuldies in river sediments
(IAEA-CN-118/115) ..........................................................................................................................421
Al-Masri, M.S., S. Mamish, M.A. Haleem Natural gamma radionuclides in sediments of the Gulf of Mexico: an approach to radio-tracers
transport and distribution of sediments in marine environments (IAEA-CN-118/169) ....................422
Rodriguez-Espinosa, P.F., V.M.V. Vidal L., F.V. Vidal L. Historical trend in heavy metal pollution in the sediments of Cienfuegos Bay (Cuba), defined by
210Pb and 137Cs geochronology (IAEA-CN-118/170).........................................................................424
Alonso Hernandez, C., S. Perez Santana, C. Brunori, R. Morabito, R. Delfanti, C. Papucci Western Tasmania - A reconstructed history of wide-spread aerial pollution in a formerly
"pristine" area - the Use of 210Pb & 226Ra in retrospective monitoring of the environment
(IAEA-CN-118/171) ..........................................................................................................................430
Heijnis, H., K.J. Harle, J. Harrison Application of neutron activatable tracers (NATs) for cohesive sediment transport studies in
contaminated estuaries (IAEA-CN-118/172) .....................................................................................431
Hollins, S., R. Szymczak, P. Airey, W.L. Peirson, T. Payne Sediment geochemical properties and dinoflagellate cyst distribution in Manila Bay, Philippines
(IAEA-CN-118/173) .........................................................................................................................433
Siringan, F.P., R.V. Azanza, J.P. Duyanen, E.Z. Sombrito, N. Macalalad, P. Zamora, A. Yiguez, E. Sta. Maria, A.D.M. Bulos
RADIONUCLIDE STUDIES OF SEDIMENTS POSTERS
Determination of accumulation rates for organic carbon, carbonate, metal and sediment on the
eastern continental margin of the Black Sea sediments during the Late Holocene
(IAEA-CN-118/102P) .......................................................................................................................437
Gngr, E., M.N. a atay, N. Gngr, B.G. Gktepe Distribution of radionuclides and trace elements in marine sediments from coastal areas of
Japan (IAEA-CN-118/103P) .............................................................................................................439
Honda, T., E. Suzuki Sedimentation rates in reservoir and gullies derived from 137Cs depth profile in the Moldavian
Tableland Romania (IAEA-CN-118/105P) ....................................................................................441
Margineanu, R.M., I. Ionita, D. Gheorghiu Sedimentation rates in the Eastern Baltic Sea based on lead-210 dating (IAEA-CN-118/107P) ................443
Mazeika, J., R. Radzevicius, R. Dusauskiene-Duz Residence time and sedimentation regime in Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba, with the use of 210Pb and
137Cs isotopes (IAEA-CN-118/109P) ................................................................................................445
Muoz Caravaca, A., C. Alonso-Hernndez, M. Daz Asencio Baseline of 137Cs and natural radionuclides in sediments along the Algerian coast
(IAEA-CN-118/110P) .......................................................................................................................447
Noureddine, A., M. Menacer, R. Boudjenoun, A. Hammadi, M. Benkrid, M. Maache 197Hgg as radiotracer to study mercury methylation and demethylation processes in sediments
and soils (IAEA-CN-118/112P) ........................................................................................................450
Ribeiro Guevara, S., M. Arribre, V. Jereb, S. Prez Catn, M. Horvat Spatial and temporal variations of uranium and thorium series along the Egyptian Mediterranean
coast (IAEA-CN-118/113P) ..............................................................................................................452
Saleh, I.H., A.A. El-Gamal, S.M. Nasr, M.A. Naim
Estimation of sediment loading in Asian Ccastal area using 210Pb inventory in mangrove sediment
(IAEA-CN-118/115P) .......................................................................................................................455
Tateda, Y., D.D. Nhan, N.Q. Long, N.H. Quang, N.H. QuyApplication of radionuclides to study recent changes in sediment accumulation rates in Adventfjorden,
Svalbard (IAEA-CN-118/116P) .........................................................................................................456
Zaj czkowski, M., W. Szczuci ski, R. Bojanowski The use of a Cs-137 vertical migration model to study the temporal evolution of heavy metals in
coastal sediments of the Bay of Cadiz (Spain) (IAEA-CN-118/119P) .............................................458
Barrera, M., R.A. Ligero, M. Casas-Ruiz
MODELLINGModelling the oceanic Nd isotopic composition on a global scale (IAEA-CN-118/45)..............................463
Arsouze, T., C. Jeandel, F. Lacan, N. Ayoub, J-C. Dutay 3-D Modelling technique of time-series 137Cs concentration in coastal organisms in the case of
short term introduction (IAEA-CN-118/52) .....................................................................................465
Tateda, Y., A. Wada Performance evaluation of the recently commissioned Worli submarine outfall, Mumbai, India,
using radiotracer studies and mathematical modelling (IAEA-CN-118/54) .....................................470
Noble, J., U.S. Kumar, U.P. Kulkarni, S.V. Navada, I. Gupta, R. Kumar Tracer studies with Arctic and subArctic coupled ice-ocean models: dispersion of radionuclides
and oxygen isotopes (IAEA-CN-118/44)...........................................................................................475
Karcher, M.J., I.H. Harms, F. Kauker Development of an atmosphere-land surface coupled isotope circulation model (IAEA-CN-118/48) ......477
Yoshimura, K., T. Oki
MASS SPECTROMETRY New directions for accelerator mass spectrometry technology (IAEA-CN-118/160) ................................483
Kieser, W.E., A.E. Litherland, X-L. Zhao, J.N. Smith, J. Cornett, L. Cousins, G. Javaheri, I. Tomski
53Mn in ferromanganese encrustations (IAEA-CN-118/161) ......................................................................491
Korschinek, G., M. Poutivtsev, T. Faestermann, K. Knie, G. Rugel, A. Wallner, J. Scholten, A. Mangini
From bulk to particle analysis a new challenge for radioecology (IAEA-CN-118/43) ............................492
Betti, M., L. Aldave de las Heras, G. Tamborini Precise uranium isotopic measurements in groundwater around the CEA's Vaujours site
(IAEA-CN-118/189) .........................................................................................................................493
Baude, S., F. Pointurier, R. Chiappini VERA, a Versatile Facility for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (IAEA-CN-118/87).................................497
Priller, A., M. Auer, R. Golser, W. Kutschera, P. Steier, C. Vockenhuber, A. Wallner, E.M. Wild, S. Winkler
Measurement of radioisotopes in marine samples by sector field ICP-MS (IAEA-CN-118/90).................499
Wyse, E., S.-H. Lee, A. Rodriguez y Baena, S. Azemard, J.-C. Miquel, J. Gastaud, M.K. Pham, P.P. Povinec, S. de Mora
Environmental monitoring of long-lived radionuclides using multi-collector ICPMS
(IAEA-CN-118/92) ...........................................................................................................................501
Gerdes, A., S. Weyer, G. Brey Uranium and plutonium atom ratios and concentration factors in Reservoir 11 and Asanov Swamp,
Mayak PA (IAEA-CN-118/93) ..........................................................................................................503
Standring, W.J.F., P. Brretzen, D.H. Oughton, L.K. Fifield Distribution of Pu and Am isotopes in BOMARC missile site soil (IAEA-CN-118/94) ............................505
Lee, M.H., Y.J. Park, W.H. Kim
Detection of reprocessing activities through stable isotope measurements of atmospheric
xenon by mass spectrometry (IAEA-CN-118/95) .............................................................................507
Pointurier, F., J.P. Fontaine, Ph. Hmet, N. Baglan, S. Baude, R. Chiappini Matrix effects during magnetic sector-field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry uranium
isotope ratio measurements in complex environmental/biological samples (IAEA-CN-118/96) .....510
Qutel, C.R., E. Ponzevera, I. Tresl, E. Vassileva 234U and 230Th determination by ID-FI-ICP-MS and application to uranium-series disequilibrium
in marine samples (IAEA-CN-118/97) .............................................................................................512
Godoy, M.L.D.P., J.M. Godoy, R. Kowsmann Determination of bromine stable isotopes in inorganic samples using continuous-flow isotope ratio
mass spectrometry (IAEA-CN-118/98) ............................................................................................517
Shouakar-Stash, O., R.J. Drimmie, S.K. Frape Critical evaluation of an isotope dilution ICP-MS method for the measurement of the Fe content
in seawater (IAEA-CN-118/100) ......................................................................................................518
Petrov, I.I., C.R. Qutel, P.D.P. Taylor Measurement of variations in stable mercury isotope ratios in the environment (IAEA-CN-118/187) ......520
Hintelmann, H., D. Foucher Recent achievements in increasing the electromagnetic separation efficiency of actinides
(IAEA-CN-118/188) ..........................................................................................................................522
Vesnovskii, S.P.
MASS SPECTROMETRY - POSTERS Nuclear Geophysiology: isotopes in Australian environmental analysis (IAEA-CN-118/76P) .................527
Henderson-Sellers, A., D. Stone, S. Hollins, M. Hotchkis, D. Fink AMS measurement of 129I and its application as an oceanographic tracer (IAEA-CN-118/84P) ...............529
Suzuki, T., T. Kitamura, S. Kabuto, O. Togawa, H. Amano
RADIOMETRICS Low level gamma-ray spectrometry at the PTB underground laboratory UDO (IAEA-CN-118/157)........533
Neumaier, S., D. Arnold Background effects observed with a low-level gamma-spectrometer with muon veto
detector (IAEA-CN-118/159) ............................................................................................................538
Mietelski, J.W., Z. Hajduk, L. Hajduk, J. Jurkowski Remote sensing of intertidal sediment bound radionuclide storage, remobilization and deposition:
case study in the Ribble Estuary (IAEA-CN-118/101) ......................................................................543
Tyler, A.N., R. Wakefield, P. McDonald, M. Rainey, P. Atkin Device development for marine gamma survey of seabed on Azerbaijani section of Caspian Sea
(IAEA-CN-118/103) ..........................................................................................................................548
Bayramov, Z. Low background germanium detector technology from Canberra (IAEA-CN-118/154) ...........................550
Verplancke, J., M. Berst, M.O. Lampert, O. Tench The Gran Sasso National Laboratories (L.N.G.S.): status and outlook (IAEA-CN-118/155) ....................552
Laubenstein, M. Neutron fluence measurements using underground HPGe-detectors (IAEA-CN-118/156) .......................554
Hult, M., J. Gasparro
RADIOMETRICS POSTERS Determination of Th, U, Pu and Am radionuclides in soil and marine samples (IAEA-CN-118/62P) ......559
Benkrid, M., S. De Figueiredo
Validation of alpha-spectrometric methods for 226Ra measurements using a double tracer
technique (IAEA-CN-118/63P) .........................................................................................................561
Bojanowski, R., Z. Radecki Interaction of plutonium with humic acid (IAEA-CN-118/65P) ................................................................562
Gnot, L., H. Michel, G. Barci-Funel, V. Barci Sorption of cesium on bentonite: the role of calcite (IAEA-CN-118/66P) ..................................................564
Hurel, C., A. Delisse, N. Marmier, F. Fromage, A.C.M. Bourg Caesium sorptiondesorption behaviour in bottom sediments (IAEA-CN-118/68P) .................................565
Lujanien , G., B. ilobritien , K. Jokas Pre-concentration and determination of 210Pb in water by liquid scintillation spectrometry
(IAEA-CN-118/69P) .........................................................................................................................567
Mereov, J., M. Vrkov, K. Sedl kov, Z. Jakub ov Implications of radiochemical purity of 99Mo/99Tc generator eluates for the determination of low
levels of 99Tc in seawater (IAEA-CN-118/71P).................................................................................569
Selns, .G., M. Dowdall, C. Davids, J.P. Gwynn Development of a procedure for the determination of 226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb in produced water
(IAEA-CN-118/72P) .........................................................................................................................571
Sidhu, R., K. Ostmo, T. Bjerk, R. Nordvi, E. Stralberg Design of a low background ZnS(Ag) alpha counter for water samples using a plastic veto detector
(IAEA-CN-118/74P) .........................................................................................................................573
Ardid, M., J.L. Ferrero Determination of Ra-224, Ra-226 and Ra-228 by gamma-ray spectrometry with radon retention
(IAEA-CN-118/77P) .........................................................................................................................575
Herranz, M., R. Idoeta, A. Abelairas, F. Legarda Application of analytical methods for evaluation of natural radionuclides in the vicinity of water
discharges into the sea (IAEA-CN-118/78P) .....................................................................................577
Jerez Veguera, S.F., J.M. Godoy, Evaluation of the infinite radius of a radioactive water environment (IAEA-CN-118/79P)........................580
Kedhi, M. Development of monitor for multiple beta-ray nuclides in liquid radioactive wastes
(IAEA-CN-118/80P) .........................................................................................................................583
Kim, C.S., B.H. Rho, U.W. Nam, K.I. Seon, C.K. Kim Development of an in-situ fission track analysis for detecting fissile actinides in soils and sediments
contaminated with actinides (IAEA-CN-118/81P) ............................................................................585
Lee, M.H., H.Y. Pyo, Y.J. Park, K.Y. Jee, S.B. Clark Radon alpha and gamma-ray spectrometry with YAP:Ce scintillator (IAEA-CN-118/82P) ......................587
Plastino, W., P. De Felice Nuclear and physical methods of monitoring the content of technogeneous (Pu, Am) and natural (Rn)
radionuclides in the environment, used in Belarus (IAEA-CN-118/87P) .........................................589
Zhuk, I.V., O.I. Yaroshevich, V.A. Bryileva, M.K. Kievets, E.M. Lomonosova In-situ gamma ray spectrometry with the K-A-TE-RINA submersible detector (IAEA-CN-118/89P) ......591
Tsabaris, C., Th. Dakladas Optimisation of sample geometry for gamma spectrometric measurements through Monte Carlo
simulation (IAEA-CN-118/145P).......................................................................................................594
Dovlete, C., I. Osvath
QUALITY ASSURANCE NUSIMEP: an external QC programme for measuring nuclear isotopes in environmental
samples (IAEA-CN-118/178) ............................................................................................................599
Stolarz, A., L. Benedik, A. Alonso, T. Altzizoglou, W. De Bolle, H. Khn, A. Moens, E. Ponzevera, C. Qutel, A. Verbruggen, R. Wellum
Accreditation in University Environmental Radioactivity Laboratories (IAEA-CN-118/180) ...................604
Llaurad, M., C. Navarro, I. Valls Evaluating a laboratory's performance in drinking water samples (IAEA-CN-118/177) ...........................606
Romero, M.L., R. Salas SI-traceable measurement of methylmercury in tuna by species-specific isotope dilution with a 202Hg
isotopically enriched methylmercury reference material (IAEA-CN-118/181) ................................608
Snell, J.P., C.R. Qutel
QUALITY ASSURANCE POSTERS
ISO 9001 accreditation in an R&D environment - is it possible? (IAEA-CN-118/85P) ............................613
Szymczak, R., A. Henderson-Sellers, R.T. Lowson, R. Chisari The quality control system in environmental water radioactivity laboratories (IAEA-CN-118/86P) ........615
Camacho, A., I. Valls, X. Ortega Development of a laboratory information management system at IAEA-MEL (IAEA-CN-118/88P) .......617
Bartocci, J., H. Ramadan, I. Osvath, P.P. Povinec A new 202Hg isotopically enriched methylmercury spike material with SI-traceable reference values for
isotope dilution measurements in biological and environmental samples (IAEA-CN-118/136P) .....619
Snell, J.P., C.R. Quetel
NON-RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINANTS POSTERSChronology of metal pollution offshore Coruh Mouth, Eastern Black Sea (IAEA-CN-118/144P) ............623
Secrieru, D., S. Gulin, I. Osvath Content of toxic elements in fish species of the Black Sea (IAEA-CN-118/141P) ....................................625
Zubachenko, V.L., S.O. Omelchenko, G.V. Simchuk Trace metal distributions in the water column and surface sediments of zmit Bay (Turkey) after the
Marmara ( zmit) Earthquake (IAEA-CN-118/118P) .........................................................................627
Balkis, N., E. Senol A survey of metal pollution in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis (L.1758) from the northern coast
of the Turkish Aegean Sea (IAEA-CN-118/138P) ............................................................................629
U. Sunlu Benthic foraminiferal response to heavy metal pollution in Izmir Bay (Eastern Aegean Sea)
(IAEA-CN-118/64P) .........................................................................................................................631
Bergin, F., F. Kucuksezgin, E. Uluturhan, I.F. Barut, E. Meric, N. Avsar Speciation of mercury and tin in marine sediments and biological matrix (IAEA-CN-118/129P) .............634
Mzoughi, N., M. Brava, T. Stoichev, M. Dachraoui, G. Lespes, D. Amouroux, M. Potin-Gautier, O.F.X. Donard
Accumulation of heavy metals in shellfish flesh of marine environment along the coast of Tunisia
(IAEA-CN-118/122P) .......................................................................................................................636
Chouba, L., N. Langar-Zamouri, M. S. Romdhane, A. El Abed Total arsenic in marine organisms from Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba (IAEA-CN-118/117P) ............................639
Alonso-Hernandez, C., M. Gmez Batista, A. Muoz-Caravaca, S. Prez-Santana, M. Daz-Asencio, J. Estvez Alvarez, I. Pupo Gonzlez, N. Alberro Macas
Arsenic accumulation by ferns from the iron quadrangle, Minas Gerais, Brazil (IAEA-CN-118/133P).....641
Palmieri, H.E.L., H.A. Nalini Jr., M.. de B. C. Menezes, J.B.S. Barbosa, J. dos S.J. Pereira, L.V. Leonel
Occurrence of butyltin compounds in sediment and bivalve from three harbour areas (Ho Chi Minh,
Da Nang and Hai Phong) in Viet Nam (IAEA-CN-118/123P) .........................................................643
Nhan, D.N., D.T. Loan, J. Bartocci, I. Tolosa, S.J. de MoraNuclear detectives - reconstructing histories of toxic dinoflagellates & blue green algae in coastal
lakes and estuaries (IAEA-CN-118/125P)..........................................................................................645
Heijnis, H., A. McMinn, G. Hallegraeff, K. Srisuksawad
Occurrence and availability of prioritary compounds (chlorinated pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl
ethers, alkylphenols and heavy metals) in freshwater sediments and fish (IAEA-CN-118/142P) ....646
Lacorte, S., E. Martnez, D. Ralda, A. Navarro, D. BarcelFate of alkylphenols, chlorophenols and bisphenol A in Lake Shihwa, Korea (IAEA-CN-118/130P) ......648
Oh, J.R., D. Li An investigation of the important parameters used for application of chemical reaction model at
environmental soils in Egypt (IAEA-CN-118/128P) ........................................................................649
Kamel, N.H.M. Reconstruction of water purification system using soil - sorption of refractory DOM and phosphate
ion to soil beads under static and dynamic water flow conditions (IAEA-CN-118/124P).................651
Fujikawa, Y., T. Hamasaki, G. Prasai, R. Imada, E. Ikeda, H. Ozaki, M. Sugahara Basic experimental research for the reconstruction of water purification system using soil - sorption
isotherm of fulvic acid and phosphate ion for selected materials under different pH
(IAEA-CN-118/137P) .......................................................................................................................653
Sugahara, M., Y. Fujikawa, R. Imada, H. Ozaki, G. Prasai, T. Hamasaki Basic experimental research for the reconstruction of water purification system using soil changes
of sorption of fulvic acid and phosphoric acid by heating processing (IAEA-CN-118/143P) ..........655
Hamasaki, T., Y. Fujikawa, R. Imada, M. Nagatomo, M. Sugahara, H. Ozaki
ANNEX I COLOUR FIGURES .............................................................................................657
CHAIRPERSONS OF SESSIONS ............................................................................................665
SECRETARIAT OF THE CONFERENCE ...............................................................................667
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ........................................................................................................668
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OPENING STATEMENT
S.A.S. le Prince Souverain de Monaco Albert II
Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen,
We are very pleased to welcome you in Monaco for Aquatic Forum 2004, the second Conference on Applications of Isotopes in Environmental Studies. We all know the importance ofthe protection of the marine environment for sustainable development and economy of coastal states,like Monaco. Sadly, this environment has been under continuous threats from development, tourism, urbanisation and demographic pressure. The semi-enclosed Mediterranean sea is challenged by newpollutant cocktails, problems of fresh water management, over-fishing, and now increasingly climate change impacts.
Monaco has a long history in the investigation of the marine environment. Prince Albert 1er, was one of the pioneers in oceanographic exploration, organizer of European oceanographic research and founder of several international organizations including the Muse Ocanographique.
We are very proud that the International Atomic Energy Agency established in 1961 its Marine Environment Laboratory in Monaco, the only marine laboratory in the United Nations system. Their first purpose-built facilities, dedicated to marine research, launched a new era in the investigation of the marine environment using radioactive and stable isotopes as tracers for better understanding of processes in the Oceans and Seas, addressing their pollution and promoting wide international cooperation. We are pleased that the Government of the Principality of Monaco has been actively engaged in these developments and is continuously supporting activities of the Monaco Laboratory.
We are also proud that the International Hydrographic Bureau has its Headquarters in Monaco. Monaco is also hosting the Commission Internationale pour lExploration Scientifique de la Mer Mditerrane (CIESM), whom I have the honor to have chaired since 2001. I am very delighted to follow closely the works of the Commission funded by the 23 member states who support the work of a large scientific network of 500 institutes and over 2500 researchers, united by a commitment to promote marine science for the protection of the Mediterranean Sea and its coastal communities.
We should also mention that our Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM) Observatoire Ocanographique Europen, established in 1960, is well known for investigations of coral ecology and geochemistry, which are now under risk from Climate Change, and which I am sure you will discuss in detail during this conference.
I would like to extend my congratulations to all the scientists involved in the essential work of protecting the marine environment who have gathered here in Monaco. I wish you a scientifically exciting and socially enjoyable week in Monaco.
OPENING STATEMENT
Werner Burkart Deputy Director General
Head of the Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna
Monseigneur,Excellence, Monsieur le Ministre d'Etat,Monsieur le Directeur Gnral CIESM,Messieurs les Reprsentants des Organismes Internationaux, Mesdames, Messieurs,
On behalf of the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency, and on my own behalf, I wish to extend a warm welcome to all participants in this International Conference on Isotopes in Environmental Studies Aquatic Forum 2004. The long history of support to marine science under the patronage of the Royal Family of the Principality of Monaco makes it very fitting that this Conference should take place here.
I also wish to thank our joint organisers of the Conference, the Commission Internationale pour lExploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, UNESCOs Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the International Hydrological Programme, and the UNESCO/IAEA Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics.
The role of the UN system in ensuring international peace, security and socio-economic development has never been more relevant or important. As recent international events have demonstrated, the IAEA, often called the 'nuclear watchdog' of the UN system, plays a critical role in the area of nuclear non-proliferation security. But in the dawn of this new century, there are other significant dangers adding to global insecurity and instability that the Agency is also addressing. These include, among other things, energy production, food and agriculture, human health, water resource management, and of course, the marine and terrestrial environments.
Our marine environment and water resource programmes aim to increase the knowledge base and scientific capacity of Member States for the management of marine and freshwater resources and protection of the environment.
This is the second international conference organised by the Agency in Monaco on isotopic environmental studies, the previous one having been held in 1998 at the occasion of the opening of the new premises of the IAEA-Marine Environment Laboratory. The new Laboratory has played an even greater role in promoting the use of both radioactive and stable isotopes as powerful tools for a better understanding of processes in the marine and terrestrial environments.
It would be extremely presumptuous of me to talk about the importance of the marine environment and resources while here in Monaco. And I dont intend to do so. But I think it is worth reviewing some of the facts.
Oceans are two thirds of the surface area of the Earth. Oceans are an essential part of the history of human development. Mastery of the seas facilitated integration of civilizations across the globe civilizations that were once kept apart by the oceans. Today, nearly half of the worlds population lives within 60 km of a coastline and it is growing by the day! Some 14 of the 15 largest mega-cities around the world are coastal.
The Monaco Laboratory has pioneered the detection and oceanographic and marine ecologicaltracking of radioactivity in the sea, originating from past nuclear tests, submarine accidents and
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Chernobyl inputs into the ocean. More recently, the Monaco Laboratory has played a lead role in the unique application of radiotracers and isotopes to fingerprint sources of marine pollution, to track harmful algal blooms, to date deep water masses and sediments and to budget the oceans carbon cycles and climate change.
These novel results and techniques are transferred through IAEA Training Programmes, many in collaboration with our UN partners, to Member States resulting in a global network of marine environmental competence.
Globally, coastal zones are stressed by population growth. Population pressures include increased solid waste production, polluted urban runoff, and loss of green space and wildlife habitat. Excess nutrient loadings lead to harmful algal blooms, which are a threat to human health and to the coastal resources. Isotopes and nuclear techniques offer unique advantages for diagnosing the health of the ocean and tracing the marine ecosystem.
The potential effects of climate change have great implications for human development. The Earths freshwater resources are limited, with less than one hundredth of one percent of all water on Earth being freshwater that is accessible for human consumption. Thats like one liter in ten thousand liters!!
Greed, for the lack of a better word, is a good thing. This was Hollywoods description of the essential human values of the 1980s. When used in the context of water, however, greed is not a good thing. As Mahatma Gandhi said nearly 60 years ago, there is enough water in the world for human need, but not enough for human greed.
While strides have been made in the last thirty years, more than a billion people still lack access to safe drinking water. Desalination in a Greenhouse World is increasingly important. I am glad to see that the Conference is addressing issues related to both the marine and terrestrial environments, because the hydrological cycle on the Earth, and thus freshwater supply, is deeply inter-twined with the climate system, which in turn is linked with the atmosphere and the ocean.
The changes in climate in recent years have led to growing concerns over the effects of climate on natural resources and sustainable development. The El Nio Southern Oscillation phenomena observed in the Pacific Ocean have had significant impacts on ecology, society and economics. The current changes in the marine environment and in climatic conditions can be understood through historical records in corals and sediments. One of the most important parameters in determining the climate on the Earth is the temperature record of the ocean. It is believed that surface seawater temperature and its coupling with atmospheric processes is the most important phenomenon in the long-term climate record. I believe that results obtained using nuclear and isotopic techniques, which will be presented during this Conference, will further help to understand past climate changes on the Earth.
The Conference will address many of these and other issues and will provide an important forum for evaluating the state of the marine and freshwater environments. An ambitious Conference Programme is before you, and I am sure that you will find it most informative, timely and valuable. The Conference, with almost 400 participants coming from 78 Member States and 7 international organizations, I am sure, will lead to a clear vision for further investigations and fruitful international collaborations. I would look forward to the outcome of your deliberations.
I wish you a successful and enjoyable Conference, and a pleasant stay in Monaco and the CotedAzur.
OPENING STATEMENT
R.F.C. Mantoura Director
International Atomic Energy Agency Marine Environment Laboratory, Monaco
Monseigneur,Excellence, Monsieur le Ministre d'Etat,Monsieur le Directeur Gnral du CIESM,Distinguished Guests,Dear Colleagues,Ladies and Gentlemen,
Welcome to Monaco and to the International Conference on Isotopes in Environmental Studies Aquatic Forum 2004. We are very pleased that almost 400 participants from 78 countries and 7 international organizations gathered in Monaco at the second conference in this series to discuss recent trends in isotopic environmental studies.
The International Atomic Energy Agencys Marine Environment Laboratory in Monaco has been engaged for over 40 years in investigations of radionuclides in the marine environment. The establishment of the Marine Laboratory in Monaco was triggered in the late fifties by necessity to investigate the impact of atmospheric nuclear weapons testing on the marine environment. The Laboratory started its operation in 1961 in the famous Monaco Oceanographic Museum as IAEAs International Laboratory of Marine Radioactivity. In 1988 the Laboratory moved to larger, but still temporary premises in the Monaco Football Stadium and incorporated in its mission non-radioactive contamination of the marine environment, a fact which was also reflected in 1991 when the Laboratory changed its name to the Marine Environment Laboratory. In 1998 the Laboratory moved to the present permanent premises dedicated to marine research at Quai Antoine 1er along the Port Hercule.
Our Laboratory is highly appreciative for over forty years of support provided by the Government of the Principality of Monaco, and of their growing interest in contamination studies and preserving the marine environment for future generations, a trend which is also demonstrated by the generous support the Government has provided for the organisation of this Conference.
From its beginning the Laboratory has been engaged in studying marine processes using radionuclides as tracers. Actually this line of research started almost simultaneously with the operation of the Laboratory, as the first pioneering work on application of 226Ra as an oceanographic tracer was published by Koczy in 1958 in the Proceedings of the Geneva Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy. Of course, early investigations were greatly limited by the techniques available for sampling and analysis of radionuclides in the marine environment. For example, water sampling has evolved from the simple reversing Nansen bottle to the present robotic systems based on ROVs (Remotely Operating Vehicles) and AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles), and other sophisticated sampling technologies, which use satellite views of sea areas for the optimisation of sampling. Analytical investigations started with the development of simple radiochemical methods and Geiger gas counters, but at present they have entered into an age of robotic radiochemical technologies, sophisticated detectors working on line with powerful computers, often operating underground to improve sensitivity, and in specific applications such as underwater radionuclide monitoring, operating continuously with satellite data transmission. Furthermore the philosophy of radionuclide analysis has dramatically changed from the concept of counting decays to the concept of counting atoms using highly sensitive mass spectrometers working with low energy ions (e.g. Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometry TIMS, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry ICPMS, Resonance
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Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (RIMS), or accelerated ions to levels of tens or hundreds of MeV in Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) systems. In other aquatic applications, simplistic laboratory radiotracer experiments with organisms and sediments carried out in small, static aquaria have evolved into larger, mesocosm studies where the many aquatic variables can be controlled in order to better simulate the natural environment and generate more realistic results.
This evolution from simple analytical and experimental techniques to the present sophisticated state-of-the-art technologies has been accompanied by a considerable change in the philosophy of oceanic research as well. We have moved from single institutional investigations carried out until the seventies, to global international oceanic projects, represented first by the GEOSECS programme, and later by the WOCE, the JGOFS and other programmes, including new projects currently under preparation such as the GEOTRACES. I am pleased to mention that the Monaco Laboratory has also carried out, in collaboration with over 30 laboratories, a large scale programme called WOMARS Worldwide Marine Radioactivity Studies, results of which have recently appeared in a special issue of Deep Sea Research II. And in collaboration with several Japanese institutes we have just launched a new project Southern Hemisphere Ocean Study (SHOTS) which should contribute to better understanding of circulation processes in the Southern Ocean that play a dominant role in the Earths climate.
Both radioactive and stable isotopes have been used as powerful tools for a better understanding of processes in the aquatic and terrestrial environments. However, from the hundreds of isotopes available in nature, only relatively few have been applied in environmental studies because of several reasons, for example availability of sensitive analytical techniques or lack of appropriate physical half-lives radiotracers, but more often it is simply due to a lack of new ideas for their utilisation. Therefore, there is a lot of work in front of us to undertake in order to realise new ideas in isotopic aquatic research for better understanding and protecting our environment.
This Conference is addressing issues related to both the marine and terrestrial environments, underscoring the global character of our science that requires regional and international cooperation. The Conference will therefore provide inputs to Inter-Agency sponsored regional and global environmental programmes which will improve our collaboration in future. In this respect I am sure that during the Conference you will have ample opportunity to interact with leading experts in the field and to discuss future trends in environmental isotopic studies.
Along these lines several specialised workshops will be organised during the Conference, namely the:
ATOMS-Med (Atomic Techniques for Observing Marine Systems) workshop which will review the present understanding of the Eastern Mediterranean Basin and will prepare a proposal for a new joint project; Research Coordination Meeting of the Coordinated Research Project Nuclear and Isotopic Studies of the El Nio Phenomenon in the Ocean carried out by the Monaco Laboratory in collaboration with twelve institutes from Australia, France, Indonesia, Israel, Jordan, Monaco, New Zealand, Peru and USA; Workshop on groundwater-seawater interaction studies in coastal zones, including presentation of joint results from sampling missions in Sicily and Brazil, obtained in the framework of the Coordinated Research Project Nuclear and Isotopic Techniques for the Characterization of Submarine Groundwater Discharge in Coastal Zones carried out jointly by the Monaco Laboratory and the IAEAs Isotope Hydrology Section, and in cooperation with UNESCOs Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the International Hydrological Programme, as well as ten laboratories in Brazil, France, India, Italy, Japan, Slovenia, Russian Federation, Turkey and USA; Workshop on underground laboratories organised jointly with the Collaboration of European Low-level Underground Laboratories (CELLAR).
The Conference also documents the active collaboration of several UN and regional agencies in the aquatic environmental studies, in that it is organised jointly by the IAEA, the Commission Internationale pour lExploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee (CIESM), UNESCOs Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and International Hydrological Programme, and the UNESCO/IAEA Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics. This joint collaboration confirms that coordinated international efforts are necessary for studying environmental changes, climate variability and contamination of the aquatic environment which occur on global or regional scales and having impacts over similar scales. I am pleased that this Conference is co-sponsored by these organisations and further cooperation of these agencies will undoubtedly help to widen the impact of our activities and to involve more scientists working in joint, multi-institutional projects.
Finally, I wish you all a scientifically-interesting and rewarding Conference, and a very pleasant stay in Monaco.
CLIMATE CHANGE
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IAEA-CN-118/3
Interannual to decadal climate variability in the Pacific and Indian Oceans revealed by isotopic studies of corals
Dunbar, R., D. Fleitmann, D. Mucciarone
Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA,United States of America
Instrumental records of past variability in climatically important regions of the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans are relatively scarce and short. Multi-century reconstructions of past climate change in these areas are now being made available through the isotopic and chemical analysis of coral skeletons collected from both the surface ocean and deep sea. Here we present a brief synthesis of multi-century trends in ocean climate as revealed by coral archives. In general, these records are consistent with century-scale trends towards a warmer tropical ocean with greater near-equatorial rainfall and greater ENSO variability in more recent decades. Very limited deep sea coral data reveal larger than expected variability in thermocline conditions during the past several centuries. Sufficient data is now available to allow comparisons of Pacific ENSO variability with records of the Monsoon from the Pacific Basin over timescales extending back at least 150 years. The last half of this talk is used to describe a new synthesis derived from East Africa coral records.
We present a monthly resolution stable isotopic record acquired from several large living coral heads (Porites) from the Malindi and Watamu Marine Reserves, Kenya (3S, 40E). The annual chronology is precise and is based on exceptionally clear high and low density growth band couplets. The record extends from 1696 to 1996 A.D., making it the longest coral climate record from the Indian Ocean and one of the longest available worldwide. We have analyzed the uppermost portion of 8 separate coral cores. This upper section, used for calibration purposes, provides estimates of signal fidelity and noise in the climate recording system internal to the colony. Coral 18O at this site primarily records SST; regression of monthly coral 18O vs. SST yields a slope of -0.26 18O per C, and 18O explains well over 50% of the variance in SST. Additional isotopic variability may result from changes in seawater
18O due to local runoff or regional evaporation/precipitation balance, but these changes are likely to be small because local rainfall 18O is not strongly depleted relative to seawater and salinity gradients are small. The coral record indicates a clear warming trend of about 1.5C that accelerates in the latest 20th century, superimposed on strong decadal variability that persists throughout the record. In fact,
18O values in the 1990s exceed the 300 year envelope (they are lower) and correspond with apparently unprecedented coral bleaching in coastal East Africa. The decadal component of the Malindi coral record reflects a regional climate signal spanning much of the western equatorial Indian Ocean. In general, East African SST and rainfall are better correlated with Pacific ENSO indicators than with the Indian Monsoon at all periods (inter-annual through multi-decadal) but the correlation weakens after 1975. One dramatic new result we report here is a strong indication of a major cool and dry period from 1750-1820 A.D. This is the single largest multi-decadal anomaly of the past 300 years and