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Israel
A. Balfour DeclarationB. Creation of IsraelC. Wars over IsraelD. The PalestiniansE. Peace in the Middle East?
A. Balfour Declaration• Zionists (Jews who wanted a homeland in
Palestine) began to settle in Palestine during the 19th century
• Angered the Palestinians (Arabs & Christians) who had lived there since 7th Century
• Violence between the 2 groups began
• Britain gained control over the area after WWI
• Following WWII, massive migration of Jews to the area
• The Palestinians and Jews could not live together, Britain recommended partitioning (dividing) the area
• Just made the problems worse• Britain could not handle the
situation, turned it over to UN in 1947
B. Creation of Israel
• UN recommended partition giving 55% of land to the Jews (b/c of sympathy from the Holocaust) even though they were only 34% of the population
• May 14, 1948 Israel becomes an independent nation
• Arabs rejected the U.N. partition and did not accept this new country – swore they would not allow it to exist
C. Wars over Israel• May 15, 1948: Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon,
Saudi Arabia, & Syria attack Israel.
• Israel was able to win and gains territory.
• Palestinians lose all of their territory to the Israelis and neighboring nations
• 1956 Suez Crisis – Egypt seized the canal.
• Britain & France made a deal with Israel to take the canal back and gain Egyptian land.
• Israel forced to give the land & canal back to Egypt by world pressures
• 1967 Six-Day War: Israel attacks Egypt, Iran, Jordan, and Syria b/c of continuing threats against them.
• The 1973 War: Arabs attacked on Yom Kippur catching Israel by surprise, but Israel able to gain back lost territory. Cease-fire declared.
D. The Palestinians• Palestinian state was never created b/c land
that was promised to them was seized during the 1948-49 war
• Many stayed in Israel and created the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) led by Yasir Arafat violently attacking the Israelis
• Intifada – 1987 civil disobedience campaign (non-violent) against Israeli rule which won worldwide support
E. Peace• Egypt was the 1st Arab country to recognize
Israel in 1977
• Camp David Accords: signed agreement in 1979 ending hostilities between Egypt & Israel
• Declaration of Principals: 1993 Israel agreed to give the West Bank and the Gaza Strip to the Palestinians
• Israel continues to negotiate for peace with the Palestinians using land as a bargaining piece
• Warfare over the land is still common today