Israeli/Palestinian Conflict- Timeline

135 A.D.135 A.D.

Rome

Roman Empire

Roman Emperor Hadrian expels the Roman Emperor Hadrian expels the Jews out of Jerusalem and renamed the Jews out of Jerusalem and renamed the area area PalaestinaPalaestina after the Philistines. after the Philistines.

Israel becomesKnown as Palestine.

Most Jews fled Israel and settled in areas in Eastern Most Jews fled Israel and settled in areas in Eastern Europe. By this time Christianity had begun and was Europe. By this time Christianity had begun and was spreading in the Middle East and into Europe.spreading in the Middle East and into Europe.

Jewish DiasporaThe forced scattering of Jewish people from their homeland by foreign invaders

“Promised Land

“Canaan”

“Palestine”

“Israel”

Europe

Russia

600 A.D.600 A.D.• The prophet Muhammad establishes the The prophet Muhammad establishes the

religion of Islam.religion of Islam.

• Muslim armies move down from Arabia Muslim armies move down from Arabia and conquer most of the Middle East and conquer most of the Middle East including Palestine.including Palestine.

• The area becomes mostly Arab and The area becomes mostly Arab and Muslim.Muslim.

1930’s1930’s• Persecution by Nazi Persecution by Nazi

Germany drives many Germany drives many Jews to move to Jews to move to Palestine. Palestine.

• This This ZionistZionist movement called for movement called for Jews to return to their Jews to return to their homeland.homeland.

• Palestinians resist the Palestinians resist the return of Jews to the return of Jews to the region.region.

ZIONISM• An international movement for the

creation of a Jewish community in Palestine

• later supported the creation of the modern state of Israel

Why Zionism?• ZION = “the Promised Land”

• Torah says God promised the land of Israel to the descendants of the Jewish patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob

• Israel supposed to be a SAFE place for Jews

Anti-Semitism

Hatred, mistreatment,

or discrimination

against Jewish people

POGROMS

During the 1800s, Jews

faced organized

Massacres particularly in

Russia & Eastern Europe

POGROMS

Holocaust• The worst case of anti-

Semitism

• Was carried out by Hitler’s Nazi party in the 1930-40s

• Nazis adopted a policy of genocide, the purposeful and organized extermination of a group of people based on their race, religion, or culture.

Holocaust• Gangs attacked &

burned synagogues & Jewish businesses throughout Germany.

• Jewish hospitals, homes, schools, & cemeteries were also vandalized.

HolocaustJews were arrested & placed

prisons called concentration camps.– slave labor, medical experiments, death

19471947

Mainly due to guilt about the Holocaust, the Mainly due to guilt about the Holocaust, the United Nations created a plan to divide Palestine United Nations created a plan to divide Palestine into two nations- one for the Jews, and one for into two nations- one for the Jews, and one for the Arabs. This plan was rejected by Arab the Arabs. This plan was rejected by Arab Palestinians. Palestinians.

19481948War for IndependenceWar for IndependenceOn May 14, Israel is declared an independent On May 14, Israel is declared an independent country. Nearby Arab countries attack in country. Nearby Arab countries attack in response and war breaks out. response and war breaks out.

19491949Israel wins the war Israel wins the war and holds territory and holds territory beyond the former beyond the former UN established UN established borders. 750,000 borders. 750,000 Arab Palestinians Arab Palestinians are are displaceddisplaced and and flee to the West flee to the West Bank as Bank as refugeesrefugees..

19641964

Palestinian Arabs organize the PLO Palestinian Arabs organize the PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization). (Palestinian Liberation Organization).

The PLO uses guerrilla warfare to try The PLO uses guerrilla warfare to try to overthrow Israel. to overthrow Israel.

19671967• The Six-Day War (June 5-10) The Six-Day War (June 5-10)

took place between Israel and took place between Israel and the neighboring Arab states of the neighboring Arab states of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. Egypt, Jordan, and Syria.

• At the war's end, Israel had At the war's end, Israel had gained control of the Sinai gained control of the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, the Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, East Jerusalem, West Bank, East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights. and the Golan Heights.

• Israel then built settlements in Israel then built settlements in Gaza and the West Bank.Gaza and the West Bank.

19721972• Munich Massacre Munich Massacre (September) took place in (September) took place in

Munich, Germany at the Summer Olympics. Munich, Germany at the Summer Olympics. • A Palestinian terrorist group, Black September, A Palestinian terrorist group, Black September,

kidnapped and killed members of the Israeli Olympic kidnapped and killed members of the Israeli Olympic team.team.

• A failed rescue attempt resulted in the deaths of five A failed rescue attempt resulted in the deaths of five Black September members and the capture of three.Black September members and the capture of three.

• The kidnappers were released as a part of the high- The kidnappers were released as a part of the high- jacking of a German airplane.jacking of a German airplane.

19731973• The The Yom Kippur War Yom Kippur War started started

when Egypt and Syria led a when Egypt and Syria led a surprise attack on the Sinai surprise attack on the Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights on Peninsula and Golan Heights on the holiday of Yom Kippur. the holiday of Yom Kippur.

• This invasion caused the US to This invasion caused the US to help Israel, and the Soviet Union help Israel, and the Soviet Union sided with Egypt and Syria.sided with Egypt and Syria.

• Nuclear war almost ensued Nuclear war almost ensued between these two super between these two super powers, so a ceasefire was powers, so a ceasefire was signed.signed.

• Israel gained more land and a Israel gained more land and a vicious cycle of attacks began vicious cycle of attacks began between the PLO and Israel.between the PLO and Israel.

19781978• Camp David Accords Camp David Accords took took

place at Camp David, USA.place at Camp David, USA.• For 13 Days, Egypt President For 13 Days, Egypt President

Anwar Sadat, Israeli Prime Anwar Sadat, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, Minister Menachem Begin, and President Jimmy Carter and President Jimmy Carter negotiated a peace treaty negotiated a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel.between Egypt and Israel.

• The result was peace The result was peace between Egypt and Israel, between Egypt and Israel, but nothing was settled with but nothing was settled with regards to Palestine.regards to Palestine.

US President Jimmy Carter

June 6, 1982-September 17, 1983June 6, 1982-September 17, 1983

Israeli-Lebanese Incursion Israeli-Lebanese Incursion

•Israeli Defense Forces Israeli Defense Forces invaded southern Lebanon invaded southern Lebanon after a Lebanese after a Lebanese assassination attempt against assassination attempt against Israel’s ambassador to the Israel’s ambassador to the United Kingdom.United Kingdom.

•Israel won, had the PLO Israel won, had the PLO expelled from Lebanon, and expelled from Lebanon, and gained control of the gained control of the southern half of Lebanon.southern half of Lebanon.

1987-19931987-1993The The first first IntifadaIntifada (meaning “shaking off”)(meaning “shaking off”)•The Palestinian uprising The Palestinian uprising included violent attacks, included violent attacks, suicide bombings, civil suicide bombings, civil disobedience, and stone disobedience, and stone throwing. throwing. •Violence was directed at Violence was directed at both Israeli military forces both Israeli military forces and civilians. and civilians. •Israel responded with Israel responded with military force. military force.

September 2000September 2000A second Intifada A second Intifada erupted in erupted in the area causing Israel to tighten the area causing Israel to tighten up security and place more up security and place more restrictions on Palestinians restrictions on Palestinians living in the West Bank. living in the West Bank. •The PLO insisted the Israeli The PLO insisted the Israeli military responded with military responded with excessive violence. excessive violence. •Israeli military reported most Israeli military reported most Palestinian deaths were actually Palestinian deaths were actually a result of PLO violence that was a result of PLO violence that was blamed on Israeli military to blamed on Israeli military to incite further rioting.incite further rioting.

Recently…Recently…Many Palestinians and Israelis feel both nations could Many Palestinians and Israelis feel both nations could exist together and share the land. However there are exist together and share the land. However there are many remaining issues that need to be addressed by many remaining issues that need to be addressed by both groups:both groups:•Mutual recognition Mutual recognition •Placement of borders Placement of borders •Security Security •Water rights Water rights •Control of JerusalemControl of Jerusalem•Land rightsLand rights•Legalities concerning refugeesLegalities concerning refugees

Leading the Fight…Leading the Fight…Hamas: Hamas: A paramilitary force A paramilitary force fighting Israeli occupation in Gaza.fighting Israeli occupation in Gaza.

HezbollahHezbollah: : A paramilitary group A paramilitary group from Lebanon working against from Lebanon working against Israeli presence in the region. They Israeli presence in the region. They are accused by some of using are accused by some of using excessive violence and terrorism in excessive violence and terrorism in their methods but praised by their methods but praised by others because they also run others because they also run hospitals, built schools, and hospitals, built schools, and provide social services to refugees provide social services to refugees in the West Bankin the West Bank..

Jerusalem DividedJerusalem Divided• Jews, Christians, Jews, Christians,

Muslims, and Muslims, and Armenians all Armenians all share the holy city share the holy city of Jerusalem. of Jerusalem.

• Muslims built the Muslims built the Dome of the Rock Dome of the Rock and Al Aqsa and Al Aqsa Mosque on the site Mosque on the site where the ancient where the ancient Jewish Temple had Jewish Temple had been.been.