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ISSN: 2338-0128
VOLUME: 6
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CONTENT IN A BRIEF................................................................................................ i
EDITORIAL BOARD.................................................................................................... ii
FOREWORD.................................................................................................................. iii
WELCOME MESSAGE................................................................................................ iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................... v
A. Abstract of Keynote and Invited Speaker...........................................................
B. Material Science and Technology........................................................................
C. Science and Technology Education.....................................................................
D. Environmental Science and Technology.............................................................
E. Molecular and Health Science.............................................................................
F. Mathematics, Statistics, and Modeling...............................................................
G. Instrumentation and Measurement....................................................................
H. Energy....................................................................................................................
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6th ANNUAL BASIC SCIENCE
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
“ Enhancing Innovation in Science for Sustainable Development” ATRIA HOTEL AND CONFERENCE, MALANG, INDONESIA March, 2nd – 3rd 2016
EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief
Achmad Efendi, Ph.D (Brawijaya University, Indonesia) Deputy editor
Dra. Trisilowati, MSc. Ph.D (Brawijaya University, Indonesia) Associate editors
Prof. Derek Thomas (Swansea University, United Kingdom). Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Gereon Elbers (FH Aachen University Of Applied Sciences, Germany) Prof. Budi Nurani Ruchjana (Padjadjaran University, Indonesia) Prof. Agus Suryanto (Brawijaya University, Indonesia) Dr. Wuryansari Muharini K (Brawijaya University, Indonesia) Rahma Fitriani, Ph.D (Brawijaya University, Indonesia ) Syaiful Anam, Ph.D (Brawijaya University, Indonesia)
Please cite the proceeding as “Proceeding of Annual Basic Science International Conference
Vol. 6” with the following abbreviation: Proc. Basic Sci., 6 Issued on June 7th, 2016
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. Abstract of Keynote Speaker and Invited Speaker 1
1 The Environmental Importance of Shade Grown Coffee .................................................................. Derek Thomas
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2 Role Of Allee Effect And Functional Response In A Leslie-Gower Predator-Prey Model.............. Agus Suryanto, Danang Indrajaya and Abdul Rouf Alghofari
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3 Analysis of bioaerosol emissions by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and NIR spectroscopy ...... Katharina Druckenmüller, Andrea Gärtner, Udo Jäckel, Gereon Elbers
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4 On a Hierarchical Mixture Model ........................................................................................................ Nur Iriawan
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5 Formation of Low Refractive Index glass layer for solar cells .......................................................... Shuichi Nonomura and Hiroyuki Miwa
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6 Tailored Synthesis of Magnetic Nanostructures ................................................................................. Mutsuhiro Shima
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7 Development Study of Spatio Temporal Modeling based on Real Phenomena .............................. Budi Nurani Ruchjana
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B. Material Science and Technology 10 8 Alfatih Algorithm ..................................................................................................................................
Mohamad Ali Sadikin, Bella Intan Aulia
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9 Potential Study Of Ethanol Extract Of Karamunting (Melastoma Malabhatricum) As Growth Precursor For Larvae Of Giant Tiger Prawn (Penaues Monodon) By Dipping Method................. Ridwan A, Awaludin, Wibowo I, Nurasmi
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10 Immobilization of Crude Lipase from Mucor miehei in Polyurethane Foam for Hydrolysis of Coconut Oil ........................................................................................................................................... Maria Angelina Suku, Dwina Moentamaria, Arief Widjaja
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11 The Growth of AlN Nanomaterial via Vapor-Liquid-Sol id (VLS) Method with Various Growth Temperature and Holding Time .........................................................................................................
Diah Susanti, Mavindra Ramadhani, Haniffudin Nurdiansah, Hariyati Purwaningsih
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12 Precipitation of Alkaline Protease from Bacillus sp .......................................................................... Suharti, Apriani Wike Nur M, Wahidatul Ainia Rosyai, and Surjani Wonorahardjo
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13 Effect of Post-Annealing on Structure, Hardness, and Fracture Toughness of Twin Wire Arc-Sprayed FeCrBMnSi Coatings ............................................................................................................ Agung Purniawan, Sigit Tri Wicaksono, Hengki Irawan,
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14 Statistical Parameter Of The Sediment: A Case Study in Wonorejo Indonesia............................... Zhelvyanie, Suntoyo, Wahyudi
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15 Bioassay MOSNON™ as Biolarvacide Towards Aedes aegypti Larvae ............................................ Priska Ristianadewi, A. Hasan Huda, Minoru Maeda, Zulfaidah Penata Gama
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16 P53 and Small molecule inhibitor changed Formation and stabilized structure of MDM2 Protein ................................................................................................................................................... Widodo
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17 Morphological Analysis Of Manganese (Mn) Concentration Doped Zn0.85mn0.15o Nanoparticles . Heru Harsono，ING.Wardana，A.A.Sonief, Darminto
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18 Rock Magnetism And Paleomagnetism From Una Una Island And Its Implication For Tectonic Of Sulawesi............................................................................................................................... Muhammad Rusli M, Subagyo Pramumijoyo, I Wayan Warmada, Wiwit Suryanto
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19 Phycobiliprotein And Lipid Content Of Chroococcus Turgidus Cultivated at Various of Concentration of Liquid Waste Tofu .................................................................................................. Ni Wayan Sri Agustini and Maria Ulfa
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20 Microscopic Observation of Endophytic Fungi in Afo Clove From Ternate Island ...................... Arini Zahrotun Nasichah, Utami Sri Hastuti, Endang Suarsini, Fatchur Rohman
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21 Aphrodisiac Activity of Areca Catechu L.Root Infuse In Normal DDY Strain Male Mice............. Nur Laili Dwi Hidayati , Ilham Alifiar , Hilman Taufiq Nurdin
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C. Science and Technology Education 66
22 Biological Control of Crocidolomia Binotali, Zeller by Using Bacillus Thuringiensis Fusants Strain Culturing in the Coconut Water Containing Fish Powder..................................................... Siti Sumarmi, Retno Peni Sancayaningsih, Sebastian Margino , RC. Hidayat Soesilohadi
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23 Implementing Haversine Formula on Google Map to Find Nearest Student Position ................... M Zainal Arifin
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24 e-Evaluation Measurement for Javanese Script Handwriting Studies ............................................ Priandani, Nurizal D., and Utaminingrum, F.
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25 Mobile Game Android for Education Method Using MCRN-Generator ........................................
Basid, Puspa Miladin Nuraida Safitri A., and Utaminingrum, F.
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26 Gifu University Students of the Department of Civil Engineering at Asia Bridge Competition 2015 ........................................................................................................................................................ Shogo Yamamoto, Rina Hasuike, Koji Kinoshita, Yuichi Uchida
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27 Students’ Representation on Allele Gene ............................................................................................
Kristianti T.,Widodo A., Suhandono S., & Waldrip B
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28 MLC Positioning Error Detection using Water Planar Dose Maps ................................................ S Herwiningsih, A Fielding
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29 Evaluating and Monitoring Student’s Satisfaction Based on Student Sentiement in Social Media ..................................................................................................................................................... Fahmi Candra Permana, Yusep Rosmansyah
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30 Screening of Probiotic Candidates from Rumen Bacteria Isolates for Improving Rumen Fermentation and Feed Digestibility .................................................................................................. A.A. Win Ariga Bungsu, Anuraga Jayanegara, Indah Wijayanti, Roni Ridwan, and Yantyati Widyastuti
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31 Impact of Scientific Inquiry-Based Reflective Learner as Teacher Lecturing Strategy on Students’ Conceptual and Scientific Inquiry Understanding in Learning School Chemistry ....... Muntholib and Munzil
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32 Improving Students’ Mathematical Problem Solving Skillsthrough Cooperative Learning of The Group Investigation Type ............................................................................................................ Ahmad Dzulfikar, Dadan Dasari, Stanley Dewanto
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33 Immune protein of the insect pest Crocidolomia pavonana, previously treated with Mirabilis jalapa extract, after infection with Beauveria bassiana fungi ........................................................... Tjandra Anggraeni
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34 Optimization of Trastuzumab Digestion by Pepsin Enzyme for Preparation of Radioimmunotherapy Agent ............................................................................................................... R.D. Haryuni, Triningsih, Sutari and S. Hermanto
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35 Synthesis and Characterization of Coordination Compounds of Silver(I) Nitrite with Ligands Ethylenethiourea and N,N'-diethylthiourea ....................................................................................... Fariati, Effendy, Nurul Istikfaroh, Lutfia Ayu Darojah
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D. Environmental Science and Technology........................................................................ 124
36 The Fluctuation of Adult Filial Number and Eclosion Time of Drosophila melanogaster that Exposed by Mobile Phone in Multiple Generations............................................................................ Ahmad Fauzi, Aloysius Duran Corebima, Siti Zubaidah
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37 Accurate Hypocenter Location and 1-D P Wave Velocity Structure in the Subduction Zone between the Eurasian Plate and the Philippine Plate, In Taiwan Based on Shallow Earthquake Data ....................................................................................................................................................... Uswatun Chasanah，Bagus Jaya Santosa
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38 Measurement of Methane (CH4) Emission from Spontaneous-Combustion Coal at an Open Pit Coal Mining Activity ............................................................................................................................ Maulana Yusuf, Eddy Ibrahim, Edward Saleh, Rasyid Ridho dan Iskhaq Iskandar
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39 Effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Addition on DDT Biodegradation by Daedalea dickinsii ........ Hamdan Dwi Rizqi, Adi Setyo Purnomo
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40 Determination Subsurface Structure of Geothermal Area in Mount Arjuno Using Electrical Resistivity Schlumberger Array .......................................................................................................... F. K. Ayu Anggraeni, Eko Minarto
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41 Investigation Archaeological Objects with Electrical Resistivity Tomography Method (ERT) 2D in Mount Kelud, East Java ................................................................................................................... Arie Realita, Eko Minarto
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42 Biological Control And Managemen Of Insect Pest On Strawberry Community: 2. Screening Of Pathogenic Bacilus Thuringiensis (Bt) Isolated From The Soil In Strawberry Community Against Spodoptera Larvae ................................................................................................................... RCH. Soesilohadi, S. Sumarmi, S. Margino dan R. Susandarini
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43 Remote sensing application for initial geothermal survey in East Java, Indonesia (case study Blawan and Iyang-Argopuro geothermal prospecting areas) ........................................................... Sukir Maryanto, Yoel Marthen, Anjar P. Azhari, James Foster, Cinantya N. Dewi
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44 Application of 3D Resistivity Method for Distributi on of Seawater Intrusion in the Tanah Mas Residential North Semarang ................................................................................................................ Andya Satya Purnomo Putro, Supriyadi, Khumaedi
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45 Coral Disease on Scleractinian Coral at South Java Sea, Indonesia................................................. Oktiyas Muzaky Luthfi
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46 Fishery Management Unit Assessment Of Big Eye Tuna (Thunnus Obesus) in South Java Sea Feni Iranawati, Luh Nyoman Didik Tri Utami, Diana Arfiati, Syarifah Hikmah, Ledhyane Ika Harlyan
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47 Dominance of Acroporids Coral in Coral of Bali Strait, Indonesia................................................... Oktiyas Muzaky Luthfi, Andik Isdianto, Erma Juwita Sari
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48 Effects of 1-Methylcyclopropene, Plastic Wrapping, and Storage Temperature on Fruit Shelf-life and Qualities of ‘Crystal’ Guava ................................................................................................... Zulferiyenni, S. E. Widodo, M. Rahmawati
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49 Effects of Chitosan and Plastic Wrapping on Fruit Shelf-life and Qualities of ‘California’ Papaya .................................................................................................................................................... Soesiladi E. Widodo，Zulferiyenni，Suskandini R. Dirmawati, Rachmansyah A. Wardhana, Sunarti, Maret L. Wahyuni
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50 The Influence of Motorcycles Smokes to Mice Organs ...................................................................... A. Y. P. Wardoyo, U. P. Juswono, J. A. E. Noor
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51 Atmospheric Boundary Layer Model on the Indonesian Low Speed Wind Tunnel ...................... Matza Gusto Andika, Subagyo, R. Wibawa Purabaya
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52 Bioconversion of Vegetables Waste by Black Soldier Fly Larvae : Optimum rate for waste reduction and efficiency of conversion ............................................................................................... Ramadhani Eka Putra，Agus Dana Permana，Ida Kinasih, Finsa Firlana Gusmara, Raeka Okata Soerbakti
197
53 Electrical Conductivity of Ions Major and Heavy Metal Contribution for Electrolyte Electrical Conductivity of Leachate and Groundwater in Piyungan Landfill, Bantul Yogyakarta ............... Jaingot A. Parhusip, Agung Harijoko, Doni Prakasa Eka Putra, Wiwit Suryanto
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54 Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (Ams) Studies of Granitic Rocks in Sulawesi, Indonesia . Muhammad Rusli M, Subagyo Pramumijoyo, I Wayan Warmada, Wiwit Suryanto
206
55 Effect of Vinasse from Juice of Sorghum Var. Samurai 1 on the Methane Production by Buffalo Rumen Microbial .................................................................................................................................. Irawan Sugoro, Teguh Wahyono, Sihono, Wiwi Sevtiyani, D. Tetriana, Megga Ratnasari Pikoli
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56 Mineralogical Characteristics of Landslide-Induced Hydrothermal Altered Rocks at Southern Mountain Slope of Lombok Island, Indonesia ................................................................................... Dwi Winarti, Srijono, Hary Christady Hardiyatmo, Dwikorita Karnawati
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57 Test Larvacides of Morizena Bioinsecticides on Aedes aegypti ....................................................... Rina Priastini Susilowati
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E. Molecular and Health Science......................................................................................... 222
58 Risk Factors Related to Dermal Exposure on Herbicide Applicators (Case Study in Palm Oil Plantations Banyuasin District, South Sumatera) .............................................................................. Maksuk, Tan Malaka, Suheryanto, Abu Umayah
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59 Evaluation of Crude Glycerin in High Roughage Dairy Heifer Diet on In Vitro Gas Production A.M. Abdurrahman, S. Buaphan, L. Boonek, S. Sindhuvanich
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60 Isolation and Characterization of Nematocysts’ Venom Proteins of the Jellyfish Mastigiaspapuain Kakaban Lake and Sea........................................................................................... Nurasmi, Ridwan A,Awaludin
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61 The β Fibrinogen Gene G-455A Polymorphism in Asian Subjects with Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta Analysis .................................................................................................................................... Jonny Karunia Fajar
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62 Polysaccharide Krestin Activity from Coriolus versicolor on Antibody Titer of Mice Exposed Staphylococcus aureus .......................................................................................................................... Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih
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Proceeding of The 6th Annual Basic Science International Conference Published online, on June 7, 2016.
Polysaccharide Krestin Activity from Coriolus versicolor on Antibody Titer of Mice Exposed Staphylococcus aureus
Si Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih1*
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya * Corresponding authors: [[email protected]]
Abstract – (The best know commercial polysaccharopeptide preparations of Coriolus versicolor are polysaccharopeptide krestin (PSK). One of the most important functions of PSK is their immunomodulatory actions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the activity of polysaccharides krestin on antibody titer in Mus musculus exposed to Staphylococcus aureus. Polysaccharide krestin was fractionated and precipitated with 90% ammonium sulphate. Polysaccharide krestin was given on the mice strain Balb/C. There was six treatment groups: (K) control, without adding PSK and without was exposure to S. aureus, (K +) positive control, adding PSK, (K -) negative control, exposure to S. aureus, (P1) adding PSK before exposure to S. aureus, (P2) adding PSK after exposure to S. aureus, and (P3) adding PSK before-after exposure to S. aureus. Polysaccharide krestin dose was 50 mg/kg bw administered for 7 days via gavage. Exposure to S. aureus done 2 times with an interval of 2 weeks via intraperitoneal. Antibody titer were measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed by descriptive. The results showed that the polysaccharide krestin increased the antibody titer on P1. Polysaccharides krestin could stimulate the immune response resulting from exposure to S. aureus. Polysaccharides krestin can be useful as immunomodulator).
1. INTRODUCTION
Staphylococcus aureus is the extracellular bacteria that live in humans, such as respiratory tract and cutaneae. The infection will occur when the immune response is down, for example, there are hormonal changes; illness, injury, use of steroids or drugs that affect immunity. The bacteria produce enzymes, protein A, and toxins that can protect bacteria from phagocytosis and cause hemolysis [1]. Bacteria cause the skin infections, acute inflammation by toxins, and cell death caused by pore-forming toxins [4]. The extracellular bacterial internalization by the APC as macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells in association with MHC II. CD4 + T cells respond to these associations and produce cytokines. Cytokines can stimulate the production of antibodies, induces local inflammation, increase phagocytosis, and activates macrophages [4].
Coriolus versicolor is medicinal mushroom used in Japan, China, Korea and other Asian countries. Coriolus versicolor has antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-tumor, and stimulatory effects on the immune system properties. It is called a biological response modifier (BRM)[2]. In vitro, yeast extract C. vesicolor effectively stimulate the activity of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes / macrophages, bone marrow cells, NK cells, and killer cells depends lymphocytes. Mushrooms also stimulate proliferation and or production of antibodies and a variety of cytokines such as IL-2, IL-6, intreferon, and TNF [6].
Polysaccharide krestin is extraction product of Coriolus versicolor. The active ingredient is a polysaccharide (β-glucan). Polysaccharides are arranged in combination with krestin protein. The combination known as polysaccharide krestin (PSK) [2]. Powdered polysaccharide krestin contain 34 – 35 soluble carbohydrate (91 – 93% β–glucan), 28 – 35% protein, 7% moisture, 6 – 7% ash, and the reminders are free sugars and amino acids [3]. PSK has a physiological activity include immunopotentiating by inducing the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon and immunoglobulin-G, suppress the immune response (immunosuppression), increased appetite and improve liver function, calm the central nervous system, and increases the pain threshold [3,4]. The purpose of this study was to analyze the activity of polysaccharides krestin on antibody titer in Mus musculus were exposed to S. aureus.
2. METHODS
2.1 Production of C. versicolor extract, isolation, and purification of PSK
Mushrooms of C. versicolor was washed with water, then air-dried. Mushrooms were cut into small pieces and put in oven at 400C for 24 hours. Mushrooms were mashed into a coarse powder. Coarse powder were made
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by the method extracts of Wahyuningsih [7,8]. Mushroom extract were precipitated with 90% ammonium sulphate. In this process produced rough polysaccharopeptide. Further duluted with PBS solution. The suspension was dialyzed for 24 hours. This process would produce a solution of PSK. PSK concentration was measurement with the phenol sulfuric acid assay.
2.2 Isolation and propagation of S. aureus
Staphylococcus aureus was purchased from Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan, East Java, Indonesia. Bacteria were grown on Mc. Concey media at room temperature. Subsequently, the bacteria were grown in liquid media as much as 20 mL for 1 days. Bacteria were harvested. Liquid medium containing the bacteria were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. Supernatant was discarded, while the pellet of bacteria were used to exposure the experimental animals. Bacterial pellet was dissolved in physiological saline solution until the solution contains as many as 0.25 Mc. Farland.
2.3 Treatment of PSK and exposure to S. aureus in experimental animals
Adding PSK with a concentration of 50 mg/kg bw conducted for 7 consecutive days by gavage. Exposure to S. aureus was as much as 2 times with an interval of 2 weeks via intraperitoneal. There were 6 treatment groups: control, without adding PSK and without exposure to S. aureus (K), the positive control, adding PSK (K+), negative control, exposure to S. aureus (K-), adding PSK before exposure to S. aureus (P1), adding PSK after exposure to S. aureus (P2), and adding PSK before- after exposure to S. aureus (P3).
2.4 Blood sampling, serum isolation, and measurement of antibody titer
After one week of the last adding PSK, heart blood of experimental animals were taken. Blood was left at room temperature for 2 hours. Further blood serum was isolated by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes.
Antibody titer were measured by ELISA Kit. A total of 100 µL of bacteria that had been sonicated in coating the cup plate 96 wells and was incubated at 4°C, 24 hours. Furthermore, blocking with 10% BSA solution of 200 µL and was incubated 15 minutes at room temperature. Each of the wells was added 100 µL of primary antibody. Antibodies derived from serum were diluted 21 to 28 and was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour. Then was washed with 200 µL wash solution. Each of the wells was added 100 µL of goat anti-mouse IgG conjugated with a concentration of 1 µg/ml and was incubated 1 hour at room temperature. Then was washed with 200 µL of the wash solution repeated three times. Each of the wells was added 100 µL of a substrate consisting of ABTS and peroxidase solution B in the ratio 1: 1. Each of the wells was added 100 µL stop solution. OD value of antibodies were measured by microplate reader, a wavelength of 405 nm.
2.5 Statistical analysis
Data were analyzed descriptively
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Antibody titer was a laboratory test that measures the presence and amount of antibodies in blood. The antibody level in the blood was a reflection of past exposure to an antigen or to something that the body does not recognize as belonging to itself. The body used antibodies to attack and remove foreign substances.
An antibody titer was a measurement of how much antibody an organism that recognized a particular epitope, that was expressed as the inverse of the greatest dilution that still gives a positive result. ELISA was a common means of determining antibody titers. Antibody titers resulting from exposure to S. aureus could be seen in Table 1 and Figure 1.
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Table 1 (Antibody titer after administration of Polysaccharides krestin on mice due exposure to S. aureus)
Treatment Antibody titer on dilution Mean of antibody
titer (OD value) 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
K 0.063 0.071 0.068 0.066 0.065 0.061 0.058 0.053 22 (0,071)
K+ 0.075 0.082 0.078 0.072 0.065 0.059 0.054 0.074 22 (0,082)
K- 0.183 0.207 0.167 0.136 0.127 0.125 0.124 0.119 23 (0,164)
P1 0.191 0.170 0.160 0.147 0.112 0.097 0.086 0.077 24 (0,147)
P2 0.128 0.119 0.109 0.094 0.093 0.080 0.066 0.059 < 21 (0,128)
P3 0.195 0.161 0.163 0.126 0.108 0.077 0.089 0.078 23 (0,163)
Information: (K) control, (K +) positive control, (K -) negative control, (P1) PSK administration before exposure to S. aureus, (P2) PSK administration after exposure to S. aureus, and (P3) PSK administration before-after exposure to S. aureus.
Antibody titers in the control (K) was 22 (OD value = 0.071), while the antibody titer in the positive control (K+) was 22 (OD value = 0.082). OD values at K be the benchmark for other treatment. If other treatment OD value was more than 2 times the OD value at K (OD value > 0.142), it can be said that the antibodies recognize antigens still positive. On the negative control (K-), the antibody titer was 23 (OD value = 0.164). The antibody titer of P1 was 24 (OD value = 0.147). The antibody titer of P2 was < 21 (OD value = 0.128). The antibody titer of P3 was 23 (OD value = 0.163).
Figure 1 (Antibody titer after administration of po lysaccharides krestin on mice due exposure to S. aureus)
Antibodies were secreted by cells of the adaptive immune system (B cells), and more specificaly, differentiated B cells called plasma cells. A control group and a positive control produced a low OD value. This happens because there was no bacterial infection, so as not to cause an immune response. If there was no exposure to the antigen, the antibody titer was low, ie the value dilution 22.
On the negative control group, the higher the antibody titer by diluting the value of 28. This shows that the antibodies were formed if there was exposure to antigen. Exposure to S. aureus boosted the immune response. According to [4], humoral immunity is the principle protective immune response against extracelluler bacteria, and it function to eliminate the microbes and neutralize their toxins.
An antibody is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the harmful agent, called an antigen, via the variable region. An
0
0.05
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0.15
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Antibody titer/dilution
K
K+
K-
P1
P2
P3
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antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (similarly analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can recognize a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize its target directly (for example, by blocking a part of a microbe that is essential for its invasion and survival) [4].
Adding polysaccharides krestin increased the antibody titer in group P1, ie dilution 24. Higher antibody titers than the K- (23). It showed that PSK stimulated an immune response becomes even higher. The high titer antibodies caused neutralization of S. aureus bacteria. The antibody titer on group P2 decreased, ie dilution < 21. The antibody titer on group P3 was same with K-.
P1 treatment showed the highest antibody titer compared to other treatments. This proves that the PSK could be used as a preventive encourage the formation of antibodies. PSK given before exposure could enhance the immune response both specific and non-specific. According to [10], B-glucan is more effective for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with the immune system of the body.
P2 treatment showed lower antibody titers compared to the negative control. This showed that PSK administered after exposure to further trigger the non-specific immune response, which was to increase phagocytosis by phagocytes. Phagocytic function was to kill the bacteria. When the process of phagocytosis of bacteria effectively and so many had died, then the specific immune response was reduced.
P3 treatment showed antibody titres equal to the negative control. This showed that the PSK was given before-after exposure acts to suppress specific immune response, so the antibody is not high.
In some in vivo animal studies, CV extract was observed to display a broad spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal activities against common pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococus aureus, Candida albicans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, and Streptococus pneumoniae [9].
The results showed that polysaccharide krestin given before exposure S. aureus increase antibody titer in mice. can stimulate the spesific immune response resulting from exposure to S. aureus
4. CONCLUSION
It was concluded that adding polysaccharide krestin could influence antibody titer of mice serum exposed by S. aureus. Adding polysaccharide krestin before exposure S. aureus could increase antibody titer. Polysaccharides krestin could stimulate the spesific immune response resulted from exposure to S. aureus.
5. REFERENCES
1. M.T. Madigan, Martinko J.M, Dunlap P.V, Clark D.P. 2008. Biology of Microorganisms 12th edition. San Francisco.
2. K.F. Cheng, dan Leung, P.C., 2008. General review of polysaccharopeptides (PSP) from Coriolus versicolor. Cancer Therapy, 6: 117-130.
3. J. Cui, dan Chisti, Y. 2003. Polysaccharopeptides of Coriolus vesicolor: Physiological Activity, Uses, and Production. Biotechnology Advances. 21: 109-122.
4. A.K.. Abbas, A.H. Litchtman and JS. Pober. 2003. Cellular and molecular immunology, fourth edition. W.B. Saunders Company.
5. V. Zho, H. Jiang, J. Lin, and Tang. 2007. Cytotoxic activities of Coriolus versicolor (Yunzhi) extracts on human liver cancer and breast cancer cell line. National Library of Medicen, CurrMedChem (on line). http://www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov:80/entroz/. 2007
6. K.K.W. Chu, S.S.S. Ho, PharmD, and A. H. L. Chow. 2002. Coriolus versicolor: A Medicinal Mushroom with Promising Immunotherapeutic Values.
7. S.P.A.Wahyuningsih, Darmanto W., Wiqoyah N. 2009. Bioaktivitas polisakarida krestin dari ekstrak jamur Coriolus versicolor sebagai imunomodulator respon imun akibat infeksi Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Airlangga,
8. J. Cui, K.K.T Goh, R. Archer, H. Singh. 2007. Characterisation and bioactivity of protein-bound polysaccharides from submerged-culture fermentation of Coriolus versicolor Wr-74 and ATCC-20545 strains. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 34: 393–40.
9. K.K.W. Chu, SSS. Ho, PharmD, and A. H. L. Chow. 2002. Coriolus versicolor: A Medicinal Mushroom with Promising Immunotherapeutic Values. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 42:976-984.
10. P. Pietro, 2003. Composition for preventif and/or treatment of lipid metabolism disorder and allergic form. http://freepatent online.com. Diakses pada tanggal 24 Mei 2015.
