ISSN 0036-8075

.9 November 1979Volume 206, No. 4419

LETTERS Max Born: Another Impression: G. V. R. Born; Two-Career Job Hunting:C. T. Waibridge; Nuclear Accident: W. A. Lochstet; PhenacetinStudies: J. B. Vaught and C. M. King. .

EDITORIAL New Magazine: Opportunity for the Membership: K. E. Boulding ..........

ARTICLEs The 460 Halo and Its Arcs: R. G. Greenler et al. .

Endothermy and Activity in Vertebrates: A. F. Bennett andJ. A. Ruben.......

Coal Conversion Technologies: Some Health and Environmental Effects:S. C. Morris et al. . .. . . .

NEWS ANDCOMMENT

RESEARCNNEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

Recombinant DNA: Warming Up for Big Payoff ..................

Supreme Court to Say if Life Is Patentable .

New Strength in the Diet-Disease Link? .......................

Crick Looks Back on DNA.............................

Briefing: RFF Back on Its Feet; Nevada Closes Low-Level Radioactive WasteDump; Helms and Colby Clash on Sharing CIA Data; Harvard MedicineTakes a Lesson from Dalai Lama.......................

Is a Diamond Really Forever?.

What Is Unified in Unified Field Theories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Visible College, reviewed by A. Thackray; Disturbing the Universe,G. B. Field; Dynamics of the Solar System, J. D. Mulholland;Aspects of Diagenesis, D. L. Graf; Asbestos and Disease,D. H. Wegman; Books Received.

REPORTS Solar Availability for Winter Space Heating: An Analysis ofSOLMET Data,1953 to 1975: J. G. Asbury, C. Maslowski, R. 0. Mueller.

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Experimental Coarsening of Antiphase Domains in a Silicate Mineral:M. A. Carpenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681

Carbon- 14 Dating of Small Samples by Proportional Counting: G. Harbottle,E. V. Sayre, R. W. Stoenner.6.8.3... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Chrysotile Asbestos in a California Recreational Area: W. C. Cooper et al. . . . . . 685

Fossil Counterparts of Giant Penguins from the North Pacific: S. L. Olson andY. Hasegawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688

Angular Invariants in Developing Human Mandibles: R. L. Webber and H. Blum . 689

A New Mineralized Layer in the Hinge of the Oyster: M. R. Carriker andR. E. Palmer ......... .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . . 691

Xenopus Liver: Ontogeny of Estrogen Responsiveness: J. K. Skipper andT. H. Hamilton ......... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 693

Phase Resetting and Annihilation of Pacemaker Activity in Cardiac Tissue:J. Jalife and C. Antzelevitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695

Lectin-Induced Mucus Release in the Urn Cell Complex of the Marine InvertebrateSipunculus nudus (Linnaeus): S. V. Nicosia . . ..... ........ .. .. . 698

Calcium Dependence ofToxic Cell Death: A Final Common Pathway:F. A. X. Schanne et al .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700

Rapid Killing of Single Neurons by Irradiation of Intracellularly Injected Dye:J. P. Miller andA. I. Selverston .... . . .. ....... ....... . .. 702

Monocular Light Exclusion for a Period of Days Reduces Directional Sensitivityofthe Human Retina: J. M. Enoch, D. G. Birch, E. E. Birch . . . . . . . . . . . 705

Microsecond Sensitivity of the Human Visual System to Irregular Flicker:A. L. Diamond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708

Phase Advance of the Circadian Sleep-Wake Cycle as an Antidepressant:T. A. Wehr et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710

Functional Organization of Lateral Geniculate Cells Following Removal ofVisual Cortex in the Newborn Kitten: E. H. Murphy andR. Kalil . . . . . . . . 713

Molecular Microanalysis of Pathological Specimens in situ with a Laser-RamanMicroprobe:J. L. Abraham andE. S. Etz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716

PRODUCTS AND HPLC Column Packer; Densitometer and Spotter for Thin-Layer Chromatography;MATERIALS Scanning Electron Microscope; Ventilator for Small Animals; Gel

Electrophoresis System; Immunoreagents; Automated HPLC; Literature . . . 720

COVER

Reconstruction of the largest species inthe fossil family Plotopteridae, shownto scale with the outline of the largestliving penguin. These giant seabirds in-habited the North Pacific about 30 mil-lion years ago. They were flightless andhad paddle-like wings similar to pen-guins, but belong to the unrelated orderPelecaniformes. See page 688. [B. Dal-zell, Rockville, Maryland]

9 November 1979, Volume 206, Number 4419

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FORTHE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE New IScience serves its readers as a forum for the presenta-

tion and discussion of important issues related to the ad- The Bvancement of science, including the presentation of mi- April unnority or conflicting points of view, rather than by pub- .lishing only matenal on which a consensus has been publish Ereached. Accordingly, all articles published in Science- and so oincluding editorials, news and comment, and book re-views-are signed and reflect the individual views of the which wauthors and not official points of view adopted by the AAAS tcAAAS or the institutions with which the authors are af-filiated. the meti

iAtorla Board perhaps;1979: E. PETER GEIDUSCHEK, WARD GOODENOUGH, consider

N. BRUCE HANNAY, MARTIN J. KLEIN, FRANKLIN A. than ScitLONG, NEAL E. MILLER, JEFFREY J. WINE

1980: RICHARD E. BALZHISER, WALLACE S. BROECK- retical tER, CLEMENT L. MARKERT, FRANK W. PUTNAM, BRY-ANT W. ROSSITER, VERA C. RUBIN, MAXINE F. SINGER, gested thPAUL E. WAGGONER, F. KARL WILLENBROCK If that

Publisher one of tiWILLIAM D. CAREY niche? T

Editor from itsPHILIP H. ABELSON matters

Editorial Staf new magManaging Editor Business Manager tion to p;ROBERT V. ORMES HANS NUSSBAUM of the stAssistant Managing Editor Production EditorJOHN E. RINGLE ELLEN E. MURPHY communiNews Editor: BARBARA J. CULLITON inspired INews and Comment: WILLIAM J. BROAD, LUTHER J.

CARTER, CONSTANCE HOLDEN, ELIOT MARSHALL, and shar4DEBORAH SHAPLEY, R. JEFFREY SMITH, NICHOLAS subspeciWADE, JOHN WALSH. Editorial Assistant, SCHERRAINEMACK magazintResearch News: BEVERLY KARPLUS HARTLINE,

FREDERICK F. HARTLINE, RICHARD A. KERR, GINA SCIenCe,BARI KOLATA, JEAN L. MARX, THOMAS H. MAUGH II, large.ARTHUR L. ROBINSON. Editorial Assistant, FANNIE Since tGROOMConsulting Editor: ALLEN L. HAMMOND mechanisAssociate Editors: ELEANORE BUTZ, MARY DORF-

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EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE: 1515 Massachu- tStS aresetts Ave., NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. Area code the maga202. General Editorial Office, 467-4350; Book Reviews,467-4367; Guide to Scientific Instruments, 467-4480; practice 1News and Comment, 467-4430; Reprints and Per- tee, of ccmissions, 467-4483; Research News, 4674321. Cable:Advancesci, Washington. For "Instructions for Contrib- also of Sutors," write the editorial office or see page xi, Science, would be28 September 1979.BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE: Area Code 202. they areMembership and Subscriptions: 467-4417. Once t]

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SCIENCE:

Magazine: Opportunity for the Membership,oard of directors of the AAAS, meeting in Washington on 20 and 21ianimously made the important decision that the Association shoulda new magazine, to be called Science 80, Science 81, Science 82,)n. It is in no sense a substitute for the present Science magazine,vill continue as before to serve the membership and to presento the world. The object of the new magazine is to bring the findings,hods, the spirit, and the ethic of science to a larger audience ofa half-million to a million people. It will be colorful, and written to a.able extent by professional science writers. It will be less technicalentific American, more rigorous than Smithsonian, and more theo-han Popular Mechanics. A careful study of the market has sug-hat there is a niche for such a magazine.twere all, however, why should AAAS do it? Why not leave it tohe commercial publishers who have also shown interest in this'here are two major answers to this question. One is that AAASvery beginning has regarded the education of the general public inscientific to be one of its major functions. The second is that thegazine provides an opportunity for the membership of the Associa-iarticipate in this educational enterprise in a variety of ways. Much:rength of AAAS is that it symbolizes the existence of a scientificity, interested in the pursuit of evidence about a real world andby curiosity and a love of veracity. Scientists are also human beingse the faults of the species, but we should never forget that they are aies of human beings with a peculiar culture of their own. If the newe does not reflect this culture, it will fail in its purpose of presentingwhich is a product of the scientific community, to the public at

the new magazine must fill felt public needs, the editors will set upsms for identifying urgent public wishes for authentic information.r, at the same time, members should regard this new magazine notis a consumer good, but as an opportunity to express their ownand interests in the presentation of science to a larger public. I

hat each of the AAAS sections appoint one or two correspondentshe magazine carefully and send brief reports to the Association withvs and suggestions for further articles, to be transmitted to the editoreditorial board. Members should write letters to the editor andubmit suggestions for articles themselves.start-up phases of the new magazine, virtually all the content willred by professional science news writers. Too few practicing scien-good science writers at a popular level. After the style and level ofzine are fully established, members of the Association should try tothe art of science writing for the general public. There is no guaran-ourse, that unsolicited articles would be accepted, but this is truecience or any other reputable journal. Nevertheless, such articleswelcomed with a clear understanding about the audience to whichaddressed.the magazine is established, one would like to link it with an exten-arch project in how the images of science in the minds of the gener-change in regard to content and credibility. The scientific commu-be facing a deepening crisis of credibility. We have pretended tore than we do. Science is a treasure chest, but every treasure chestPandora's box and we cannot escape responsibility as a scientificity for the evil consequences as well as the good arising from in-knowledge. A new magazine should give us an opportunity to workof these problems and to break down some of the walls, both ofand of pride, that separate scientists from our fellow human-KENNETH E. BOULDING