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Issue Logic and Power/Performance TradeoffsEdwin OlsonAndrew Menard
December 5, 2000
The need for low-power architecturesLow performance - PIMsHigh performance video decoding/MP3 playbackAnd increasingly, both.How do you design an architecture that can do both?
A couple alternativesHigh performance processor that can be lobotomizedModify Issue LogicChange structure sizesTwo separate coresA high performance/high-power coreA low performance/low-power core
Other power throttling mechanismsVoltage scalingHuge power savingsTheres a limit & high performance designs are pushing towards low voltage which doesnt leave much room for throttling.Burn & CoastCompute at full speed, and then go into a sleep mode. Simple linear power/performance throttling.
MethodologySimpleScalar/WattchWidely used but little/no verification. Several power models available, but very large margins of error. Still, the size of structures is correlated to power consumption.Industry surveyLook at real-world processors with the range of characteristics of interest.SpecInt95Substantially reduced input sets to make simulation feasible.
Issue Window ScalingPopular idea- its a highly active chip structure. Window responsible for 20% of non-clock power (Alpha 21264 & Wattch agree)Does it work?Lets look at RUU usageWhats an upper bound on the useful size?How do smaller sizes impact performance and power?
RUU size upper boundsModified SimpleScalar, let RUU be arbitrarily big.
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4x44x84x164x324x644x128
CPI0.9141.31.481.51.51.5
Power71.772.774.578.282.288.6
15.81311.812.814.116.2
8x88x168x328x648x128
CPI1.311.581.611.611.61
Power95.1100.4108.2117.5136
1412.813.715.2518.34
IPC4x44x84x164x324x64
8x88x168x328x64
48163264
li0.9141.31.481.51.532 "big enough"0.9141.31.481.51.5
1.341.621.671.670.8041.011.091.091.09
0.9971.51.81.861.86
perl0.8041.011.091.091.0916 "big enough"
1.091.211.231.23
compress0.9971.51.81.861.8632 "big enough"
1.542.032.162.16
8163264
1.341.621.671.67
1.091.211.231.23
1.542.032.162.16
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li
perl
compress
RUU Capacity
IPC
IPC vs RUU size for 4-issue
000
000
000
000
li
perl
compress
RUU Capacity
IPC
IPC vs RUU size for 8-issue
000
000
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li
perl
compress
RUU Occupancy
Cycles
RUU Usage
0000
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li
perl
compress
mk88sim
RUU Occupancy
Fraction of Cycles
RUU Usage
Chart2
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111
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111
li
perl
compress
mk88sim
RUU Occupancy
Fraction of Cycles
8-issue
Chart3
37817481957894945971
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li
perl
compress
RUU Occupancy
Cycles
RUU Usage for 8 issue
Sheet1
03692079
1861150
2817437
3751118
41717329
5587424
6442428
7477123
877020703692079
99984451861150036922910373768903880492perl usage statscompress usage stats
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CPI0.9141.31.481.51.51.5
Power71.772.774.578.282.288.6
15.81311.812.814.116.2
8x88x168x328x648x128
CPI1.311.581.611.611.61
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perl0.8041.011.091.091.0916 "big enough"
1.091.211.231.23
compress0.9971.51.81.861.8632 "big enough"
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li
perl
compress
RUU Occupancy
Cycles
RUU Usage
Sheet2
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perl
compress
RUU Capacity
IPC
IPC vs RUU size for 4-issue
000
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li
perl
compress
RUU Capacity
IPC
IPC vs RUU size for 8-issue
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li
perl
compress
RUU Occupancy
Fraction of Cycles
Effect of bounded RUU sizeThe RUUs occupancy saturates as one would expect.
Chart2
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16 Entry RUU
Unlimited RUU
RUU Occupancy
Cycles
RUU Usage - li
Chart4
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16 Entry RUU
Unlimited RUU
RUU Occupancy
Cycles
RUU Usage for li
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4x44x84x164x324x644x128
CPI0.9141.31.481.51.51.5
Power71.772.774.578.282.288.6
15.81311.812.814.116.2
8x88x168x328x648x128
CPI1.311.581.611.611.61
Power95.1100.4108.2117.5136
1412.813.715.2518.34
IPC4x44x84x164x324x64
8x88x168x328x64
48163264
li0.9141.31.481.51.532 "big enough"0.9141.31.481.51.5
1.341.621.671.670.8041.011.091.091.09
0.9971.51.81.861.86
perl0.8041.011.091.091.0916 "big enough"
1.091.211.231.23
compress0.9971.51.81.861.8632 "big enough"
1.542.032.162.16
8163264
1.341.621.671.67
1.091.211.231.23
1.542.032.162.16
8 issueliperlcompress
037817481957894945971
1932777632916250648
271428463778026555
3710396450520111550
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Sheet1
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Sheet2
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Sheet3
000
000
000
000
000
li
perl
compress
RUU Capacity
IPC
IPC vs RUU size for 4-issue
000
000
000
000
li
perl
compress
RUU Capacity
IPC
IPC vs RUU size for 8-issue
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
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000
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li
perl
compress
RUU Occupancy
Cycles
RUU Usage for 8 issue
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
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0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16 Entry RUU
Unlimited RUU
RUU Occupancy
Cycles
RUU Usage
Effect of Bounded RUU Size
Chart2
0.04851659070.15108876340.16722101810.16938334670.1694262994
0.09268570260.2031635340.21972192240.22112410350.2211822025
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40.36952025360.40556800880.40925204210.4093609029
50.38513080820.42449357130.42864642920.4287597408
60.40802147970.44785248010.45113201810.4512356112
70.43564837620.46733657780.47217380170.4722942931
810.49730447930.50257948040.5026820741
990.51603465680.52043097490.520553774
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15150.8625524380.83328580220.8334837715
161610.8507788640.8509708207
1717170.88016092730.8803936427
1818180.89456157980.8947765174
1919190.91050198520.9107152952
2020200.92945130710.9296721249
2121210.95581538010.9560442623
2222220.96645174730.9666811873
2323230.97885619630.979094985
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2727270.99291818530.9930817099
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363636360.9976938918
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393939390.9984473429
404040400.9990063796
414141410.9991642939
424242420.9993205161
434343430.9994710751
444444440.9995269823
454545450.9995973582
464646460.9996702205
474747470.999700505
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494949490.9997382138
505050500.9997516467
515151510.9997751974
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535353530.9998049294
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555555550.9999184357
565656560.9999191954
575757570.9999217853
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606060600.9999319377
616161610.9999321794
626262620.9999322484
636363630.9999323175
646464641
4
8
16
32
64
RUU Size
Fraction of cycles
mk88sim on 4-issue
Sheet1
RUU Occupancym88ksim
4x44x84x164x324x648x88x168x328x64
2250076551348949827824909495490637346563544482627422676142190582250076551348949827824909495490637346563544482627422676142190580.04851659070.15108876340.16722101810.16938334670.169426299400.13461187550.16755034430.17278619330.1728193723
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389737646377455364917212979758228984520289515533459096026753911244623772439838311110.9997516467501110.9993968404
682251146377455364917212979758228984520289522353459096026753911244623772440089411110.9997751974511110.999499695
496370146377455364917212979758228984520289527313459096026753911244623772440459511110.9997923253521110.9996512939
365195146377455364917212979758228984520289530963459096026753911244623772440654611110.9998049294531110.99973121
61325246377455364917212979758228984520289537093459096026753911244623772440679811110.9998260974541110.9997415323
2674337746377455364917212979758228984520289563833459096026753911244623772441017511110.9999184357551110.9998798596
223046377455364917212979758228984520289564053459096026753911244623772441020511110.9999191954561110.9998810885
7510146377455364917212979758228984520289564803459096026753911244623772441030611110.9999217853571110.9998852256
26016346377455364917212979758228984520289567403459096026753911244623772441046911110.9999307636581110.9998919023
737946377455364917212979758228984520289567473459096026753911244623772441084811110.9999310053591110.9999074268
272046377455364917212979758228984520289567743459096026753911244623772441086811110.9999319377601110.999908246
713246377455364917212979758228984520289567813459096026753911244623772441100011110.9999321794611110.9999136529
2046377455364917212979758228984520289567833459096026753911244623772441100011110.9999322484621110.9999136529
2846377455364917212979758228984520289567853459096026753911244623772441100811110.9999323175631110.9999139806
1960210046377455364917212979758228984520289587453459096026753911244623772441310811111641111
Totals:
46377455364917212979758228984520289587450345909602675391124462377244131080
Sheet1
4
8
16
32
64
RUU Size
Fraction of cycles
mk88sim on 4-issue
Sheet2
8
16
32
64
RUU Size
Fraction of cycles
mk88sim on 8-issue
Sheet3
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1111
1111
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1111
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li
perl
compress
mk88sim
RUU Occupancy
Fraction of Cycles
RUU Usage
MBD00021878.xls
Chart3
00.2199817860.0866727826
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0.39886311840.72380632820.3019751802
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0.50499828630.8080770840.3759999016
0.58520505830.84502504010.4225932804
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