Upload
tanith
View
21
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
ISSUES & TRENDS REGARDING STRUCTURAL PPE AND HOW IT RELATES TO NFPA 1851. Patricia A. Freeman Technical Services Manager Globe Manufacturing Co., LLC June 6, 2014. LAB GIRLS AT WORK!. NFPA = National Fire Protection Assn. Standards Writing Body Instituted in 1896 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
ISSUES & TRENDS REGARDING STRUCTURAL
PPE AND HOW IT RELATES TO NFPA 1851
Patricia A. FreemanTechnical Services Manager
Globe Manufacturing Co., LLC
June 6, 2014
LAB GIRLS AT WORK!
NFPA = National Fire Protection Assn. – Standards Writing Body– Instituted in 1896– Headquartered in Quincy, MA, USA– Over 200 Balanced Committees
•Voluntary Compliance– No Enforcement Authority
•5 Year Revision Cycle
THE VIEWS PRESENTED….……
ARE NOT NECESSARILY MY OWN
NFPA STANDARDS PROCESS • ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
•Correlating Committee
• Technical Committee
• Balanced membership
User Labor
Insurer Research
Special Expert Enforcer
Consumer ManufacturerInstallation/maintenance
NFPA STANDARDS PROCESS
•INPUT STAGE
•FIRST DRAFT
•COMMENT STAGE
•SECOND DRAFT
•NITMAM
•ISSUE DATE
•EFFECTIVE DATE
•APPROVAL DATE
NFPA 1971 - Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting
and Proximity Fire Fighting, 2013 edition
NFPA 1851 – Standard on Selection, Care, and Maintenance of Protective
Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting, 2014 edition
NFPA 1971 - Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting
and Proximity Fire Fighting, 2013 edition
-Strictly a new product standard and as such does not deal with aftermarket
issues
-Parent standard for NFPA 1851
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
AS DEFINED BY NFPA 1971, PROTECTIVE CLOTHING INCLUDES: COATS
PANTS HELMETS HOODS GLOVES FOOTWEAR INTERFACE
ELEMENTS
Protective Garments are Comprised of a Three Layer
System……………..• Outer Shell
– Provides tough, durable first line of defense against heat & flame and physical damage
• Thermal Liner– Protection from thermal exposure
• Moisture Barrier– Prevents moisture from entering
the system
Ou
ter
Sh
ell
Mois
ture
Barr
ier
Th
erm
al B
arr
ier
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTSSingle layers and components
– Trapezoidal Tear Strength: 22 lb./5lb. minimum– Cleaning Shrinkage: 5% maximum (W & F)– Heat & Thermal Resistance:
• No melting, dripping, separation or ignition– Vertical Flammability: 4” char & 2 sec. after flame– Seam Strength: 150 lbs./75 lbs./40 lbs. minimum– Garment hardware: Salt spray corrosion– Labels: Durability and legibility– Trim: Reflectivity and fluorescence
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTSSingle layers and components
– Outer shell breaking strength: min 140 lbs.– Outer shell cannot char: 500F/5 mins– Outer shell water absorption: max 30%– Fastener tape requirements: peel, shear, cycle– Heat & Thermal Shrinkage: max 10%– DRD seams and splices: min 1,573 lbs– DRD functionality test: time to deploy & drag– Thread: Heat resistance
ADDITIONAL MOISTURE BARRIER REQUIREMENTS
Resistance to Light: UV exposure
Water Resistance: 25 psi
Liquid Penetration Resistance: • No penetration after 1 hour
– Fuel C– 37 % Sulfuric Acid– FR Hydraulic Fluid– AFFF – Chlorinated Water
Viral Penetration Resistance: • No penetration after 1 hour
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTSGarment Composite Layers
– Thermal Protective Performance• Minimum TPP of 35
– Total Heat Loss• Minimum THL of 205 w/m²
– Conductive, compressive heat resistance• Time to burn not less than 25 seconds
– Stored Energy Test• 130 seconds until 2nd degree burn
– Overall Liquid Penetration• Whole mannequin shower test – no water entry
THERMAL PROTECTIVE PERFORMANCE
OVERVIEWTest measures the ability of the garment composite to prevent heat from passing through the layers
METHODThe composite is subjected to
radiant heat & flame, simulating flashover conditions. The rating is determined on the Stoll curve
and represents the point at which human skin would reach 2nd degree burn.
TOTAL HEAT LOSSGUARDED SWEATING HOT PLATE
– This test measures the ability of the garment composite to dissipateheat through the layers
INVERSE RELATIONSHIP WITH TPP
CCHRCONDUCTIVE, COMPRESSIVE, HEAT RESISTANCE
The CCHR rating is the time in seconds to 2nd degree burn in compressed areas of the garments
– Shoulder area is tested under a pressure of 2 psi;– Knee area is tested under a pressure of 8 psi.
The 2013 requirement is that it must take at least 25 seconds in tested compressed areas,
before a 2nd degree burn occurs
STORED THERMAL ENERGY• New test added to the 2013 edition of the
standard.
• Fire fighters can receive burns in ordinary fire ground operations, with no apparent or obvious damage to the protective clothing.
• Burns can be referred to as stored energy burns, steam burns, and/or compression burns.
• Commonality seems to be arms and shoulders
STORED ENERGY TEST
► PERFORMED ON SLEEVE SHELL ATTACHMENTS
►TEST PARAMETERS:120 second exposure 5 second delay60 second compression5 second delay
►REQUIREMENT: 130 seconds until 2nd degree burn
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
• Overall Liquid
Integrity Test
Performed on coats
and pants as an
ensemble
–Every style
–Every closure
–20 minute exposure
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS• Liner system
– Means to secure liner to shell; mechanism used to attach liner to shell maximum 1” and not expandable
– Extend to neckline of coats, waist of pants– Extend to 1” at coat cuffs and 3” on coat hem and pant cuffs
• Closure systems– Continuous thermal & moisture protection– Secured with positive fasteners
• Collar– Minimum 3” in height with closure system– TPP Performance of all three layers
• Cargo Pockets– Must have means of drainage
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS• Wristlets
– Close fitting knit; minimum TPP of 20
• Sizing– Must be available in both male & female patterns– Chest, waist, inseams in 2” increments; sleeve lengths in 1”– Chest & waist size 28” to 60”; inseams 24” to 36”; sleeves 28” to 38”
• Trim – Must have both retroreflective and fluorescent properties
Solid trim must be a minimum of 2” wide and triple trim must be 3” wide to attain min. requirements
NFPA 1851 – Standard on Selection, Care, and Maintenance of Protective
Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting,
2014 edition
- Strictly a user document, intendedfor organizations as a standard for
maintaining their gear safely
Chapter 1: Administration
Chapter 2: Referenced Publications
Chapter 3: Definitions
Verified Independent Service Provider –
an independent service provider verified by a third
party certification organization to conduct any one or
a combination of advanced inspection, advanced
cleaning, basic repair, or advanced repair service.
NFPA 1851 – 2014 EDITION
Chapter 4: Program
-Record Keeping
-Manufacturers Instructions
Chapter 5: Selection
-Risk Assessment
-Interface
-Wear Test
NFPA 1851 – 2014 EDITION
The organization is responsible for establishing guidelines for when an element is found to be in need of cleaning, decontamination, or repair, and determining the appropriate action
Routine Inspection is performed by user, upon issue and after each use
• Soiling• Contamination• Physical damage• Thermal damage• Reflective trim• Seam integrity• Assembly & size compatibility of shell, liner & DRD
Chapter 6 – INSPECTION
NFPA 1851 – 2014 EDITION
SCORCHING SIGNS OF WEAR
UV DEGRADATION
Performed by element manufacturer, a manufacturer trained organization, a verified ISP, or verified organization, at a minimum 12 months, or when routine inspections indicate a problem could exist.
Findings of advanced inspections must be documented
The element manufacturer or a verified ISP and the organization determines the level of training to perform advanced inspections and shall provide written verification of training.
-Verified organizations making this determination do not need written verification
ADVANCED INSPECTION
NFPA 1851 – 2014 EDITION
In addition to all of the items in a routine inspection, the following are also inspected:
• System fit/overlap• Material integrity, including wristlets• Loss of moisture barrier integrity • Label integrity • Hook & loop functionality• Liner attachment systems• Closure system functionality• Accessories for compliance• Light Evaluation of Liners• Leakage Evaluation• Complete Liner Inspection
NFPA 1851 – 2014 EDITION
COMPLETE LINER INSPECTION
Required after 3 years in service; results documented
Performed by manufacturer, a manufacturer trained organization, a verified organization, or a verified ISP
The manufacturer or a verified ISP and the organization will determine the level of training necessary to perform Complete Liner Inspections. Training must be documented
NFPA 1851 – 2014 EDITION
Complete Liner Inspection – Garment Elements
The Complete Liner Inspection includes a Water Penetration Barrier Evaluation Test for the moisture barrier, which requires a hydrostatic test apparatus.
The moisture barrier and thermal barrier shall be inspected for the following:
• Physical damage• Loss of seam strength• Material physical integrity• Delamination
NFPA 1851 – 2014 EDITION
HYDROSTATIC TESTINGGore Hydrostatic Tester
Clamp
Liquid tank
Test plate
Pressuregauge
Hose
EXAMPLES OF WEAR TO THERMAL BATT
HYDROSTATIC TESTING
When testing the sealed barrier seam, the substrate side is down such that the film side with the seam tapeis visible.
HYDROSTATIC TESTINGJacket high abrasion areas
Pant high abrasion areasHYDROSTATIC TESTING
Organizations shall provide a means for having ensemble elements cleaned and decontaminated
Wearer is to determine appropriate cleaning level
Elements contaminated by CBRN terrorism agents immediately retired; elements suspected to have been contaminated by hazardous materials evaluated at the scene
Contaminated elements isolated and removed from service until contaminant is identified and elements receive necessary specialized cleaning
Trained member shall be responsible for specialized cleaning
Chapter 7 - CLEANING & DECONTAMINATION
General
NFPA 1851 – 2014 EDITION
General
Organizations must have written procedures detailing decontamination and cleaning processes for elements contaminated with body fluids.
Universal precautions shall be observed by members handling elements known or suspected of contamination by body fluids.
Soiled or contaminated elements shall not be brought home or washed in public laundries.
Commercial dry cleaning shall not be used, unless approved by garment manufacturer.
Verified ISP shall demonstrate to organization that procedures do not compromise performance.
Chapter 7 - CLEANING & DECONTAMINATION
NFPA 1851 – 2014 EDITION
Ch. 7 – CLEANING & DECONTAMINATION
Routine Cleaning is the responsibility of user
• Performed at the emergency scene if possible• Elements isolated to avoid cross contamination• Brush off dry debris; gently rinse off other debris as necessary• A soft bristle brush may be used • Garments thoroughly rinsed following any cleaning• If necessary, a utility sink may be used• If necessary, spot cleaning is allowed
Routine cleaning does not need to be documented
NFPA 1851 – 2014 EDITION
Ch7: ADVANCED CLEANING & DECON
Advanced cleaning is conducted by machine unless specifically prohibited, and is performed by a verified ISP, the garment manufacturer, a manufacturer trained organization, or a verified organization.
Members of organization who have received training shall be responsible for performing, managing, or co-ordinating advanced cleaning.
Element manufacturer or verified ISP and the organization will determine necessary training, with written documentation.
Verified organizations are permitted to determine level of training necessary to perform advanced cleaning without any further written verification.
NFPA 1851 – 2014 EDITION
Ch 7 - ADVANCED CLEANING & DECON
Elements that are issued and used shall receive advanced cleaning at the time of advanced inspection if not subjected to advanced cleaning in the previous 12 months.
Elements that are soiled shall receive advanced cleaning prior to reuse.
Training shall be by the element manufacturer or verified ISP who will provide written verification of training.
Organization shall refer to the manufacturer’s label information and User Guides.
NFPA 1851 – 2014 EDITION
Chapter 7 – ADVANCED CLEANING & DECON
Procedure
• Front loading washing machines are preferable• Machine shall not be overloaded• Pre-treat heavily soiled or spotted areas• Separate outer shells from liners and wash
independently, turning liners inside out • Remove DRD from coats and wash separately• All closures shall be fastened
NFPA 1851 – 2014 EDITION
Ch 7 – ADVANCED CLEANING AND DECON
Procedure• Water temperature shall not exceed 105°F• Mild detergent, pH factor of 6.0 up to10.5 as indicated
on MSDS or original product container• Machine adjusted so g-force doesn’t exceed 100g• Follow machine manufacturer’s instructions for proper
setting or program selection • Inspect after cleaning and rewash if necessary• Elements shall be dried in accordance with the
standard
NFPA 1851 – 2014 EDITION
Air Drying• Dry in area with good ventilation• Do NOT dry in direct sunlight
Machine Drying • Do not overload capacity of machine• Fasten all closures• Use “no heat” or “air dry only” option• If heat must be used, basket temperature not to exceed 105°F
NFPA 1851 – 2014 EDITIONCh 7 – ADVANCED CLEANING & DECON
DRYING: Follow Manufacturers instructions
Chapter 8: Repairs
Chapter 9: Storage-Store in clean, dry & well ventilated area’s
-Do not dry in direct sunlight or airtight containers
-Avoid harsh temperatures, above 180°F or below minus 40°F
-Do not store or transport with sharp objects or in contact with contaminants, Hydraulic fluids, solvents, etc.
NFPA 1851 – 2014 EDITION
Chapter 10 – RETIREMENT Structural fire fighting elements shall be retired no more than 10 years from the date of manufacture
Retired elements shall be destroyed or disposed of in a manner ensuring they will not be used in live fire fighting activities
Retired elements shall be permitted to be used for training that does not include live fire, provided they are marked as being for non-live fire training only, as determined by the organization
NFPA 1851 – 2014 EDITION
Chapter 11: Verification
Chapter 12: Testing
ANNEX
NFPA 1851 – 2014 EDITION
So what’s the buzz?
– NFPA 1971 has just begun work on 2018 edition– TCC has mandated extensive vetting of new tests– Task group appointed to work on gloves– Annex task group to compile explanation of intent
and history of test methods– Task group appointed to research hoods
• Sizing• Add moisture barrier layer to hoods
NFPA 1971 – 2018 Edition
So what’s the buzz?
– NFPA 1851 will be about one year behind 1971– Aluminized gear v. structural; risk assessment– Focus on decontamination of turnout gear
• Garment soiling and more effective cleaning– Mandatory retirement
• Questionnaire by NFPA
NFPA 1851- 2019 edition
So what’s the buzz?
– Non-Destructive Chemical/Biological Analysis Techniques Enabling Effective PPE Decontamination Strategies• Goal is to identify techniques for nondestructive
evaluation of clothing for specific contaminants.
• Develop detailed guidelines for applying analytical results to determine disposition of contaminated gear and appropriate decontamination techniques.
A new research project
New Research project (continued)• International Personnel Protection, Inc. (IPP) will
be lead• Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) a
branch of the Office of Combating Terrorism Technical Support Office (CTTSO) is funding the project
• Fire Protection Research Foundation is a project partner for managing external reviews
New Research project (continued)• Timing:
– Start date of early February, 2014 with an overall duration of 18 months, ending in July of 2015
– Project is expected to have guidance information available to NFPA committees in mid – 2015
• Disclosure:– All information generated will be shared with industry
through project summaries and meeting minutes. Final project report will be available to public following review by CTTSO/TSWG
So what’s the buzz?
• BECOME INVOLVED – YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE!
• Visit http://www.NFPA.org
QUESTIONS?
COMMENTS?
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
NFPA 1971 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS – Structural Clothing
Requirement Applicable to DescriptionTrapezoidal Tear Strength
Outer shell – 22 lbs.Thermal & moisture barrier – 5 lbs.
Tested as received and after laundering
Laundry Shrinkage All three layers Max 5% after 5 W/D cycles
Heat & Thermal Resistance
All three layers, components 10% maximum shrinkageNo melt, drip or ignition
Vertical Flame All three layers, all components excepting hook & pile, elastic when covered, and labels on interior
maximum 4 in. char length & 2 sec. afterflame
Seam Strength Outer shell - 150 lbs.Thermal & moisture barrier - 75 lbs. Minor – 40 lbs.
Tested as received and after laundering
Corrosion Resistance All metal Hardware 20 hour salt spray
Durability All labels legibility after laundering & abrasion
Conspicuity Reflectivity & Fluorescence All trim on garments
NFPA 1971 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS – structural clothing
Requirement Applicable to DescriptionCleaning Shrinkage All garment layers Max 5% after launderingThread heat resistance
All thread used in garment No melting, dripping or igniting after 500/5 min.
Breaking Strength Outer Shell; min. 140 lbs. New and after 10 launderings
Water Absorption Outer Shell; 30% max absorption New and after 5 launderings
Water Resistance Moisture Barrier hydrostatic test Max 25 psi- no leakage
Resistance to Light Moisture Barrier No leakage after UV exposure
Liquid Penetration Moisture Barrier – no leakage after exposure
1 hr exposure to Fuel C; AFFF;37 % Sulfuric Acid; FR Hydraulic Fluid; andChlorinated Water
Viral Penetration Moisture Barrier 1 hr exposure to surrogate viruses
NFPA 1971 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS(continued)
Requirement Applicable to DescriptionThermal Protective Performance
Three layer composite; minimum TPP value of 35
Simulated flashover with heat and flame; new and after 5 launderings
Total Heat Loss Three layer composite; minimum THL value of 205 w/m²
Ability of thee layer system to dissapate heat as received
Conductive, compressive heat resistance
Shoulder tested at 2 psi;Knees tested at 8 psi
25 seconds to 2nd degree burn under compression; new and after laundering
Stored Thermal Energy
Anything affixed to outer shell coat sleeve
130 seconds to 2nd degree burn under low heat flux
Whole Garment Liquid Penetration
Coat and Pant 20 minute exposure to shower test; no leakage
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTSPROXIMITY OUTER SHELL FABRIC
– Wet Flex: no cracking or delamination– Adhesion after wet flex: no separation of coating– Flex at low temperature: no breaking or cracking– Resistance to high temperatures blocking:
• No sign of blocking– Radiant Protective Performance (RPP)
• Minimum of 20 seconds
MFG V ISP
V ORG MT ORG USER
Routine inspection XAdvanced inspection X X X X
Complete liner inspection X X X X
Routine cleaning XAdvanced cleaning & decontamination X X X X Basic repair X X X X
Advanced repair X X X
Training provider X X
Responsibilities for Garment Inspection, Cleaning & Repair
NFPA 1851 – 2014 EDITION
MFG = manufacturer MT ORG = manufacturerV ISP = verified ISP trained organizationV ORG = verified organization USER = the end user
Sample Calculator For Turnout Gear Repair Limits
Amount of Original AmountYear of Year-of-Service Cost ($1,000.00) Allowed Service End Date for Repair per Set
1st year 01/11/05 70% $700.00 2nd year 01/11/04 50% $500.00 3rd year 01/11/03 40% $400.00 4th year 01/11/02 25% $250.00 5th year 01/11/01 20% $200.00 6th year 01/11/00 15% $150.00 7th year 01/11/99 10% $100.00 8th year 01/11/98 5% $ 50.00 9th year 01/11/97 5% $ 50.0010th year 01/11/96 0% $ 0.00
(excerpt from NFPA 1851, 2014 edition)