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It is believed that life could not have existed on land until which atmospheric layer formed?
ozone layerionospherethermosphereexosphere
Fossils of marine organisms have been found on mountain tops in Canada. From this discovery, what conclusion is MOST reasonable about Canada's past?
No conclusion can be drawn without knowing the age of the fossils.
A river once ran from the mountain tops.
Birds that eat marine animals lived on the mountain tops and carried the organisms to their nests.
The land where the fossils were found was once covered by the ocean.
By studying the geologic time scale, scientists can best determine _________.
developments and extinctions of plant and animal life
changes in Moon phases
differences in Earth's layers
that fossils provide evidence of stable environmental conditions
Scientists are digging through three layers of rock looking for fossils. They discover reptile fossils in the top layer of the rock. Amphibian fossils are discovered in the middle layer of the rock. Finally, they find fish fossils in the deepest layer of the rock. The scientists use the order in which the fossils were discovered to theorize the order in which the organisms lived. Which organisms lived before the amphibians?
fish
reptiles
both fish and reptiles
amphibians lived before the fish and the reptiles
Techniques used to estimate geological time include _________________.
observing rock sequences
studying events such as earthquakes and tsunamis
charting weather patterns
predicting moon phases
Which answer choice describes the following principle?"Earth's present is the key to its past."
succession
radioactivity
uniformitarianism
absolute age
Some of Earth's processes include erosion, plate movement, and changes in atmospheric composition.Which of the following statements most accurately describes the history of Earth's processes?
Earth's processes have greatly changed over time.
Earth's processes have changed slowly over a long period of time.
Earth's processes are similar to those that occurred in the past.
Earth's processes have not changed at all.
Which of these conditions makes fossil formation more likely to happen?
The organism is composed mainly of soft tissue.
The organism is attacked by scavengers.
The organism is invaded by bacteria and fungi.
The organism contains some distinct hard parts.
What are fossils?old rocks and layers of sediment
the preservation of rocks and minerals
the remains of organisms which existed long ago
petrified soft tissue at least 100 years old
The time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample of a radioactive element to decay is the element's
relative age
half-life
potassium-argon date
absolute age
Fossils, such as ______________, provide evidence of past life and environmental conditions.
footprints and shells
rocks
hieroglyphics
rare minerals
Digging in his backyard in Florida, Brian found a rock that contained a fossil. He was most likely digging in a kind of rock called ___________.
granite
limestone
basalt
marble
Which of the following best explains the importance of studying fossils?
to provide information about current life forms and environmental conditions
to provide information about how life and environmental conditions may have changed
to provide information about how previous life forms would exist in current environmental conditions
to provide information about how current life forms would exist in previous environmental conditions
How would you explain fossils of shallow sea creatures that are found in rock located in the desert?
The environment was different long ago.
The sea creatures were brought to the desert.
Rock was transported from the sea to the desert.
The sea creatures evolved to live in the desert.
The majority of the earth's surface is covered by _______________________.
rock and sediment
plates and mountains
soil
water
Look at the diagram above. If the rock layers have not been disturbed, which layer is the oldest?
•layer A•Layer B•layer C•layer D
The diagram shows that continents of the Earth can be joined like pieces in a jigsaw puzzle.
What conclusion can be drawn from the diagram shown?•Continents moved in the past and are stationary now.
•All continents were part of one large landmass in the past.
•All continents are moving away from each other ata uniform speed.
•Continents are continuously moving closer to oneanother throughout history.
According to the fossil record, scientists have determined that life on Earth began about __________.
1 million years ago
3.5 billion years ago
65 million years ago
0.5 billion years ago
An insect has been trapped in sap which hardened into amber. What type of fossil has formed?
an imprint fossil
a cast fossil
a mold fossil
an intact fossil
Which type of fossil is formed when an organism gets trapped in a developing rock layer and then decays, leaving an imprint of its body?
an intact fossil
a cast fossil
a mold fossil
a petrified fossil
Which of the following would not be an example of a fossil?
brachiopod in limestone
trilobite in shale
fern imprint in rock layer
a broken fence post
Which type of fossil preservation is shown below?
•carbon film•original remains•trace fossil•permineralized remains
Scientists can estimate the ages of rock if they contain certain __________.
sediments
fault boundaries
minerals
index fossils
Which of the following is NOT evidence of the Pangea theory?
similar fossils found on separate continents
similar coastlines fit like puzzles
similar weather patterns
similar geological features
Based on ________________, scientists have determined Earth to be about 3.5 million years old.
the fossil record
the distance from the Sun to Earth
the appearance of modern day organisms
the thickness of the mantle
Fossils provide evidence of __________________.
how life has remained stable over time
how the climate has remained stable over time
how the environment has changed but life has remained stable over time
how life and environmental conditions have changed over time
The formation of sedimentary rocks takes place when __________.
magma cools down quickly
magma cools down slowly
rock material is deposited in layers
rock material is compressed under the earth
Which type of rock is formed when magma from deep inside the earth comes to the surface and cools down to become a solid?
igneous rock
plutonic rock
sedimentary rock
metamorphous rock
Scientists have theorized that an asteroid hit the Earth about 65 million years ago. This asteroid wiped out the majority of living species, including the dinosaurs. The destructive force of the asteroid marked the end of the __________________.
Paleozoic Era
Precambrian Era
Mesozoic Era
Cenozoic Era
Which of these is formed when a rock is deformed due to high temperature and pressure?
igneous rocks
metamorphic rock
igneous and metamorphic rocks
sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
