Italian Unification Italy before unification:

People of each region identify themselves by their region. People from Tuscany were Tuscans, not Italians.

Congress of Vienna Northern Italy is ruled by Austrian Hapsburgs Southern Italy (Naples and Sicily) is ruled by a French Bourbon

MEATBALL SIGHTING! 1830 – Giuseppe Mazzini

Founds “Young Italy” – goal: create a unified Italian ruled state The “Risorgimento” is born Attempts to set up a republic in Rome, but is toppled by the French

After 1848, leadership of the Risorgimento passes to the Kingdom of Sardinia

Ruled by Victor Emmanuel II

Italian Unification MEATBALL SIGHTING

Count Camillo Cavour Prime Minister of Sardinia Like Bismarck, a believer of Realpolitik

Improves agriculture in Sardinia Builds railroads Supports free trade (trade without barriers) Goal: End Austrian power in Italy

Crimean War Sardinia, Britain and France vs Russia Russia loses The Sardinian payoff: A deal with France

If Sardinia and Austria go to war, France will support Sardinia The war happens and Sardinia defeats Austria, annexing Lombardy Nationalist movements in other parts of Italy overthrow Austrian

governments and join Sardinia

Italian Unification MEATBALL SIGHTING

Giuseppe Garibaldi Nationalist. Ally of Mazzini With Cavour’s help, he recruits 1,000 men to his army of “Red Shirts”

and took over control of Sicily and Naples. Cavour feared Garibaldi’s success

He thought Garibaldi might set up his own government in the South. Instead, Sardinian forces, after defeating the Papal States, join up with

Garibaldi Garibaldi turns over the lands the Red Shirts had captured to Victor

Emmanuel and Sardinia. 1861 Victor Emmanuel II is crowned King of Italy. After the Austrian-Prussia war, Italy is awarded the province of

Venetia from the Prussian for staying out of the war. During the Franco-Prussian war, France withdrew its troops from

the city of Rome, leaving Italy completely unified fro the first time since the Roman Empire