Items to be covered in this presentation

The Afrobarometer, Sampling Country’s economic and living conditions; Reforms Poverty; Peace and Security Freedom and Rights; Collective action; Formal/Informal

contacting Attitudes towards democracy; Legitimacy/Institutional trust Constitution making; Corruption and victimization Government performance Statutory payments Perceptions on external assistance

The Afrobarometer A comparative series of national public attitude surveys on

democracy, markets and civil society in Africa

Round 1 (mid-1999 to mid 2001) in 12 “reforming” African countries in West Africa: Ghana, Mali, Nigeria in East Africa: Uganda and Tanzania in Southern Africa: Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia,

South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe Round 2 (mid 2002-late 2003) repeats original 12

plus Cape Verde, Kenya, Mozambique, and Senegal Round 3 (2005/2006) repeats original 16 – plus Benin and

Madagascar

Round 4 (2008/2009) repeats 18 – plus Liberia and Burkina Faso

AFROBAROMETER NETWORK

Three Core PartnersInstitute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA)Center for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana)Michigan State University (MSU)

16 National Partners (NGOs, Public/Private institutions)Other Research Associates and Support Units

SAMPLINGRandom sample of 1,200 Zambian citizens (18 or older)Sample stratified by Province, urban/rural according to the CSO

2008 population projection of citizens aged 18 years and aboveMultistage random sampling

Random selection of 150 Enumeration Areas (EAs)Random selection of households in Enumeration Area using a

randomly selected starting pointRandom selection of respondentsEight interviews per Enumeration Area50/50 gender quotaMargin of error >> +/- 3 percentage points (2.8%) at 95%

confidence level.

How Can Sample Surveys Represent Whole Publics?

Think of when you are making a pot of soup:After a few spoonful you have a very good estimate

of what the whole pot tastes likeThe 4th, 5thor 6th spoonfuls won’t improve your

estimate very muchIf you double, or triple the size of the pot, you still

only need 2 or 3 spoonfulsThe SAMPLE SIZE and its design is what

matters, not the population size!

ZAMBIA SAMPLE BY PROVINCE

0

4

8

12

16

10

17

13

7

1513

6

12

8

PROVINCE

ZAMBIA SAMPLE BY LOCATION

URBAN RURAL0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

37

63

LOCATION

COUNTRY’S ECONOMIC AND LIVING CONDITIONS

In general how would you describe the present economic conditions of this country/your own living conditions?

Economic conditions Living conditions0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

21

32

72

58

Fairly good/very good Fairly bad/very bad

DESCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC CONDITIONS – BY LOCATION

URBAN RURAL0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80 7570

1823

Very/Fairly bad Fairly/Very good

DESCRIPTION OF LIVING CONDITIONS – BY LOCATION

URBAN RURAL0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

53

62

3431

Very/Fairly bad Fairly/Very good

ECONOMIC AND LIVING CONDITIONS

Living cond. vs others

Econ. Cond. 12 m

ago

Living cond. 12 m

ago

Econ. Cond. In 12

m

Living cond. In 12

m

05

101520253035404550

27

37 3530

37

44

3630

34

24

Better/much better Worse/much worse

In general, how would you describe the present economic conditions of this country?

1999 2003 2005 20090

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

19

32

19 21

74

62 6572

Fairly good/very good Fairly bad/very bad

In general, how would you describe your own present living conditions?

2003 2005 20090

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

3326

32

5852

58

Fairly good/very good Fairly bad/very bad

ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS

Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: The costs of reforming the economy are too high; the government should therefore abandon its current economic policies. 2: In order for the economy to get better in the future, it is necessary for us to accept some hardship now.

2003 2005 20090

10

20

30

40

50

60

39

32

4850 50

41

Costs too high - Abandon Accepts hardships

Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: The government’s economic policies have helped most people; only a few have suffered. 2: The government’s economic policies have hurt most people and only benefited a few.

2003 2005 20090

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2415 16

7382 81

Helped most Hurt most

ECONOMIC REFORMS HAVE HELPED/HURT MOST – BY LOCATION

URBAN RURAL0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1218

86

56

HELPED MOST HURT MOST

Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: It is better to have free schooling for our children, even if the quality of education is low. 2: It is better to raise educational standards, even if we have to pay school fees.

Series10

10

20

30

40

50

60

37

55

8

Free schooling Pay school fees Agree with neither

Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: It is better to have goods in the market, even if the prices are high. 2: It is better to have low prices, even if there are shortages of goods.

Series10

10

20

30

40

50

6051

29

17

High prices/Availble goods Low prices/shortagesAgree with neither

AVAILABLE GOODS/HIGH PRICES VS LOW PRICES/SHORTAGES – RURAL/URBAN

URBAN RURAL0

10

20

30

40

50

60 5549

25

32

Available goods/high prices Low prices/shortages

Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: It is better for private traders to handle agricultural marketing, even if some farmers get left out. 2: It is better for government to buy and sell crops, even if some farmers are served late.

Series10

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

21

59

13

Private traders Government Agree with neither

Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: All civil servants should keep their jobs, even if paying their salaries is costly to the country. 2: The government cannot afford so many public employees and should lay some of them off.

Series10

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

8070

17

5

Civil servants keep jobs Lay off someAgree with neither

Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: The government should retain ownership of its factories, businesses and farms.2: It is better for government to sell its businesses to private companies and individuals.

Series10

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

9078

16

3

Retain ownership Sell to private companiesAgree with neither

In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address?

Health

Farm

ing/

Agric

ultu

re

Educ

atio

n

Unem

ploy

men

t

Pove

rty/d

estit

utio

n

Infra

stru

ctur

e/ro

ads

Food

sho

rtage

/fam

ine

Wat

er sup

ply

Mgt

. of t

he e

cono

my

0

10

20

30

40 39 3631 28 27

21 18 15 13

MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEMS