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H ClThe closer they get to the chlorine atom,
the more negative it gets.The farther they get from the hydrogen,
the more positive it gets.
H Cl+
_
But the charge is only partial.Hydrogen has not lost the electronsas in the formation of an ion.
A polar bond is a bond in which thebonding electron pair is shared unequally.
A polar molecule is a moleculewith regions of partial negative (–)
and partial positive (+) charge.
The degree of sharing (equal to unequal)is determined by the electronegativitydifference between the two atoms.
H ClTwo atoms with a small difference in electronegativity will share unequally,
resulting in partial charge.
3.02.1
H ClTwo atoms with a small difference in electronegativity will share unequally,
resulting in partial charge.
–+
FKTwo atoms with a large difference in electronegativity will result in a loss
of an electron,resulting in a full charge.
4.00.8
A polar bond in a moleculemay make the entire moleculepolar, with one end slightlypositive and the other endslightly negative.
The fluorines all pull on the valenceelectrons in opposite directions,
effectively cancelling out the polarityof the bonds
Water is a liquid instead of a gasbecause the partial positives and negatives
attract each other.
+
–
+ –
This attraction holds the molecules together,forming a liquid rather than thespread out molecules of a gas.
+
–
+ –