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It’s Time to Meet Your Relatives. Relative Pronouns Lesson 36. What Are Relative Pronouns?. Relative pronouns are who, which, what and that (along with their different forms). They are called relative pronouns because they relate back to a previous word. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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It’s Time to Meet Your Relatives
Relative PronounsLesson 36
What Are Relative Pronouns?• Relative pronouns are who, which, what and
that (along with their different forms).• They are called relative pronouns because they
relate back to a previous word.• The previous word is called an antecedent.
What Are Relative Pronouns?• A relative pronoun introduces a relative clause.• A relative clause has a subject and verb, but it
is not the main (independent) clause in the sentence.
Relative Clauses
• Relative clauses begin with a relative pronoun and end (usually) with a verb.
• If you remove the relative clause, the sentence will still make sense.
• antecedent relative pronoun relative clause• The woman who rules Britain is Queen Elizabeth.
Relative Clauses
• The boy whose bike I stole is pressing charges.
• Have you seen the girl to whom I gave the books?
• The girl whom I visited was my cousin.
• The land from which our parents came was beautiful.
The Relative Pronoun In English
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
• who, which, that• whose, of whom,
of which• to/for whom,
to/for which• whom, which,
that• by/with/etc.
whom, which
• which, that, what• whose, of which
• to/for which
• which, that, what
• by/with/etc. which
M., F. N.
Relative Pronouns• Latin has only 1 relative pronoun: qui, quae,
quod…but it has 30 forms.• All 5 cases for 3 genders, singular and plural• 5 x 3 x 2 = 30• Yes, you must memorize it thoroughly.
The Relative Pronoun (also the Interrogative Adjective)
quī, quae, quod - who, which, that
quīcuiuscuiquemquō
quīquōrumquibusquōsquibus
quae cuiuscuiquamquā quaequārumquibusquāsquibus
quodcuiuscuiquodquō quaequōrumquibusquaequibus
M. F. N.
Sg.
Pl.
Nom.Gen.Dat.Acc.Abl.
Nom.Gen.Dat.Acc.Abl.
How Latin Relative Pronouns Work
• In Latin, the GENDER and NUMBER of a relative pronoun agree with its antecedent.
• The CASE of a relative pronoun is determined by its use in its own relative clause.
• The woman who rules Britain is Queen Elizabeth.• woman: feminine, singular• who rules Britain “Who” is the subject of this clause, and therefore is nominative• Thus, we need the FEMININE, SINGULAR,
NOMINATIVE relative pronoun here
The Relative Pronoun (also the Interrogative Adjective)
quī, quae, quod - who, which, that
quīcuiuscuiquemquō
quīquōrumquibusquōsquibus
quae cuiuscuiquamquā quaequārumquibusquāsquibus
quodcuiuscuiquodquō quaequōrumquibusquaequibus
M. F. N.
Sg.
Pl.
Nom.Gen.Dat.Acc.Abl.
Nom.Gen.Dat.Acc.Abl.
• The woman who rules Britain is Queen Elizabeth.
• Femina quae Britanniam regit est Regina Elizabeth.
WHO vs. WHOM in English
• “Who” is used as a subject of a relative clause• The boy who lives next door is cute.• “Who lives next door”• “Whom” is used as a direct object of a relative
clause• The boy whom I like lives next door.• “I like whom”
Who vs. Whom in English
1. The person ________ is texting me right now has no idea I’m in school and must focus on this challenging lesson. ;-)
2. The people ___________ I most admire are my parents.
3. My friend, ________ you see in this picture, lives in Texas.
WHOM
WHOM
WHO
The Relative Pronoun
• This is the woman quae bellum incepit.
who
This is the woman who began the war.
Pronoun Practice
• P. 256 Exercise A (1-5)• P. 260 Exercise A (1-5)
• SCRIBITE LATINAM LINGUAM ET ANGLICAM LINGUAM, QUAESO!
