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Eun-Ju Kim, Ph.D

Regional Director

ITU Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific

eun-ju.kim@itu.int

ITU Activities

Transition to

Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting

26 June 2013

ITU-R ITU-T ITU-D

ITU's Telecommunication Standardization Sector for setting international standards through Recommendations.

ITU’s Development Sector for development of ICT through the best practices and programs.

ITU: International Telecommunication Union

• UN Specialized Agency for Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs).

• Membership of 193 States and over 700

industries, R&D institutes, regional organizations, and academia.

ITU’s Radio-communication Sector for radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbits through Regulations.

ITU Headquarter Geneva, Switzerland

Europe Regional Office Geneva, Switzerland

CIS Area Office Moscow, Russia

Arab Regional Office Cairo, Egypt

Asia-Pacific Regional Office Bangkok, Thailand

Area Office Jakarta, Indonesia

Africa Regional Office Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Area Office Central Africa (Yaounde, Cameroon) Southern Africa (Harare, Zimbabwe) West Africa (Dakar, Senegal)

Americas Regional Office Brasilia, Brazil

Area Office Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Santiago, Chile. Bridgetown, Barbados

ITU: Regional Resences

ITU Asia-Pacific Regional Office

ITU Asia-Pacific Regional Office is responsible for affordable and sustainable access to and use of telecommunications/ICT infrastructure and applications through serving members for inclusive information and knowledge society with various development initiatives and projects based on public-private-people’s partnership as well as South-South and multi-stakeholders' cooperation.

Serving 38 States and over 72 Sector Members in the Asia-Pacific Region.

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ITU Asia-Pacific Region

Regional Office for Asia and

the Pacific: Bangkok, Thailand

Area Office for South East Asia:

Jakarta, Indonesia

Afghanistan

Bangladesh

Bhutan

Cambodia

Lao, PDR

Maldives

Nepal

Myanmar

Kiribati

Samoa

Solomon Is.

Tuvalu

Vanuatu

Timor Leste

Fiji

Marshall Islands

Micronesia

Nauru

Tonga

LDCs (14)

PNG

D.P.R. Korea

India

Indonesia

Mongolia

Pakistan

Philippines

Sri Lanka

Vietnam

Low-Income States (9)

SIDS (12)

Australia

Brunei

China/Hong Kong

Iran

Japan

Malaysia

New Zealand

R.O. Korea

Singapore

Thailand

The Rest (10)

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Emergency Telecommunications

Digital Broadcasting

Broadband Access and Uptake in Urban and Rural Areas

Telecommunications/ICT Policy and Regulation in the Asia-Pacific Region

ASP RI 1 Unique ICT Needs LDCs, SIDSs and Landlocked Developing Countries

ASP RI 2

ASP RI 3

ASP RI 4

ASP RI 5

To provide special assistance to LDCs, SIDS and landlocked developing countries in order to meet their priority ICT requirements.

To provide assistance to Member States at all phases of disaster management, i.e. disaster preparedness including early warning, disaster response/relief and rehabilitation of telecommunication networks.

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To assist ITU Member States in making a smooth transition from analogue to digital broadcasting.

To assist Member States in the development of broadband access in urban and rural areas.

To assist Member States in developing of appropriate policy and regulatory frameworks, enhancing skills, increasing information sharing and strengthening regulatory cooperation. .

ITU Asia-Pacific Regional Initiatives & Projects (2011-2014)

Overview & Objectives

Digital Broadcasting - Overview

Why Digital Broadcasting ?

More Programmes

Interactive service

High Quality A&V

Portability and mobility

Pay TV platform

Efficient Use of spectrum

Digital Dividend

Convergence and Competition

What are the main challenges of

analogue switch-over ?

Legal and Political issues

• Program editors, Licensing, number and ownership of

Multiplexes, Network Operators, Public TV services,

commercial TVs, local TV Standards, Analogue Switch Off

(ASO), etc.

Technical issues

• Standards, compression system (MPEG2/MPEG4), Spectrum

availability, network planning (MFN/SFN), coverage areas, end

users equipment (Set-Top Box D-TV), etc.

Economic Issues

• Introduction of new business model,

transition costs, subsidizing vulnerable people, etc.

Allocation of digital dividend

Digital TV Standards

ATSC – Advanced Television System Committee in USA

Currently in USA and Canada

Mainly terrestrial standard

ISDB – Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting

Mainly in Japan, Brazil and some south America

Extended to terrestrial, cable, and satellite standard

DVB – Digital Video Broadcasting Developed through a consortium known as DVB in

Europe

Many variants or forms of DVB operation

DMB-T – Digital Multimedia Broadcasting Developed by China for terrestrial transmission.

Transition Periods

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Analogue Switch Off in the Asia-Pacific

* Japan & ROP Korea have completed ASO in 2012.

Digital Broadcasting - Guidelines

Guidelines: Outlines

Guidelines on the introduction of Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) and Mobile Television Broadcasting (MTV) with the support of Korea Communications Commission (KCC), the Republic of Korea.

Guidelines are designed to provide information and recommendations on policy, regulation, technologies, network planning, customer awareness and business planning including Archive Section for the smooth introduction of DTTB and MTV.

Updated Guidelines with support from the MIC, Japan, includes information on Cable Network, IPTV, and Satellite TV.

http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Technology/Pages/Broadcasting.aspx

Guidelines: Functional Framework

Comprehensive

functional framework

indicates the decisions

to be considered for the

introduction of DTTB

and MTV.

Five functional layers:

e.g.,

1. Policy and Regulation

2. Analogue Switch-Over

3. Market and Business

development

4. Networks (DTTB &

MTV)

5. Roadmap Development

Policy & Regulations

Policy & Regulation for ASO and DTTB/MTV assignment

can differ and coexist:

ASO: services (& levels) are led by governments; and

DTTB/MTV services (& levels) are by markets.

Roadmap of the functional building blocks can vary from

country to country:

Local situation; and

Institutional/legal framework.

Functional building blocks are closely related:

Roadmap execution is an iterative process.

Analogue Switch Off (ASO)

ASO is initiated and led by governments:

Government is responsible for DTV service (& levels); and

Government will incure (significant) costs.

ASO key decisions are:

Simulcast or not; and

When, where and how long.

ASO process requires timely & careful planning, esp. when

simulcast & infra/spectrum incompatibility exist.

ASO Key Success Factors are: e.g.,

Coordination across value chain

Strong leadership

Effective communication

Sufficient financial resources

Market & Business Development

Market & Business Planning is for regulators to

consider: e.g.,

Business Model ↔ Assignment Procedure

Business Case ↔ Assignment Procedure

Service Proposition ↔ License Term & Conditions

Market & Business Planning requires regulatory input

for timely & comprehensive communications: e.g.,

National Spectrum Plan

License procedure and Term &Conditions

Business Planning process is highly interactive with:

e.g.,

Network Planning process

Policy & Regulations process

DTTB networks

Three major documents have to be prepared:

Description of network principles

Collection of coverage presentation and list of station

characteristics

Network implementation plan

Key topics and choices should be considered.

Choices should be made : e.g.,

License conditions are fulfilled;

Business objectives are met; and

Optimum solutions be found between often conflicting

requirements regarding picture and sound quality,

coverage quality and transmission costs.

Establishing cooperation structure with manufactures and telecom

operators is essential element for soft landing and rapid growth of MTV.

MTV

Broad-caster

Industry Audience

Govern-ment

New window : can cover mobile receiving domain

Various multimedia services : can enjoy anywhere

new Business Modules

Progress of broadcasting culture. Promotion of broadcasting industry. New delivery media.

It is important to choose the technical standard in accordance with your

country's situation(e.g., frequency usefulness/target coverage, etc.) and

the goal of MTV introduction(No. of channels / profitability, etc.)

Field test (technical aspects) and audience research(programs and revenue

aspects) are necessary for a successful launching of MTV.

Mobile TV

Roadmap Development

Roadmaps may differ, depending on: e.g.,

Status of implementation

Responsibilities and roles of the organization

for which the roadmap is made.

It is important to adopt realistic time schedules

Implementation of the whole process may

take several years and will involve many

people.

ITU’s Assistances

Digital Broadcasting Transition Roadmaps 2010-2011 (6 countries)

http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/tech/digital_broadcasting/project-dbasiapacific/index_db_asp.html

ITU’s Assistances

Digital Broadcasting Transition Roadmaps 2012-2013 (13 countries)

Bangladesh

Fiji

Indonesia

Lao PDR

Maldives

Micronesia

Myanmar

PNG

Philippines

Timor-Leste

Thailand

Vietnam

Vanuatu

Completed

In-process

Digital Broadcasting – Digital Dividend

Definition of the Digital Dividend

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Spectrum efficiency gains due to the switchover

to digital terrestrial television services;

Several parameters determine the overall

spectrum required to permit this transition;

When more advanced technologies become

available, digital dividend will increase;

Analogue transmissions need to be switched-off;

Definition:

“The digital dividend is the amount of spectrum

made available by the transition of terrestrial

television broadcasting from analogue to digital”

Potential usage of the Digital Dividend

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Broadcasting services: e.g.,

Provisions of more programs;

HD, 3D, MTV;

Frequency planning arrangements at national level through

frequency coordination with neighbouring countries,

For other services: e.g.,

Under the envelope of frequency assignments or allotments already

planned for broadcasting, if no more interference is caused and more

protection is claimed than the original ones;

White spaces of the broadcasting frequency plan: (without disrupting

broadcasting services such as wireless microphones used in theatres or

during public events, WiFi or fixed wireless access);

Harmonized frequency allocation to enable ubiquitous service provision,

universally compatible equipment and international roaming (e.g.

International Mobile Telecommunications, IMT); and

National decisions to move broadcasting out of the corresponding

frequency band.

Release of valuable spectrum

for mobile broadband

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Availability and efficient management of radio spectrum is an

important driver for economic growth: e.g.

Total value of services depending on the use of radio spectrum in the EU

exceeds EUR 250 billion, about 2.2 % of the annual European GDP;

US spectrum auctions of the 700 MHz band in 2008 raised USD 19.1 billion

for 56 MHz of spectrum, which implys an average value of USD 340 million per

megahertz;

German auction assigning 60 MHz in the 800 MHz band in May 2010 raised

EUR 3.57 billion, or EUR 60 million per megahertz; and

France auction of 60 MHz in the 800 MHz band raised EUR 2.6 billion or EUR

40 million per megahertz.

The importance of the digital dividend bands for the mobile community: e.g.

Larger service area per base station; and

UHF frequencies penetrate buildings more easily

An efficient allocation of the digital dividend is expected to boost innovation

in ICT and help provide new and more affordable services.

Market developments

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Allocating digital dividend is a national strategy decision;

Digital dividend is an important driver for economic growth

Market developments are resulting in the spectrum

demand growth: e.g.,

Phased approach of spectrum release is preferable;

Demands vary between different countries for digital terrestrial

television and wireless broadband;

Any model is bound to be very sensitive to economic growth or

downturn; and

Economic downturn will affect consumption (and demand for

spectrum), and the decline in consumption may be more severe than

expected.

Demand drivers: e.g.,

Digital terrestrial television; and

Wireless broadband.

Conclusions

Transition to Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting

(DTTB) and the introduction of MTV services are a

complex process;

A successful transition to DTTB and the introduction of

MTV services requires for: e.g.,

Strong leadership of government;

Firm decision of analogue TV switch-off date;

Close cooperation of regulator and market players;

Clear and timely regulatory framework (including decisions

on the “Digital Dividend”); and

Adequate information and assistance to viewers during the

process.

References

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Guideline for the Transitions

Update with Asia-Pacific information, including archives

(also in French): http://www.itu.int/ITU-

D/tech/digital_broadcasting/project-

dbasiapacific/Digital-Migration-Guidelines_EV7.pdf

Roadmaps for ASP and AFR

http://www.itu.int/ITU-

D/tech/digital_broadcasting/project-

dbafrica/db_afr_roadmaps.html

http://www.itu.int/ITU-

D/tech/digital_broadcasting/project-

dbasiapacific/db_asp_roadmaps.html

Digital broadcasting trends

http://www.itu.int/ITU-

D/tech/digital_broadcasting/Reports/TrendsinBroadcasti

ng.pdf

Digital Dividend: Insights for spectrum decisions

http://www.itu.int/ITU-

D/tech/digital_broadcasting/Reports/DigitalDividend.pdf

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ITU : http://www.itu.int

ITU Asia Pacific : http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/asp/CMS/index.asp

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Thank

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