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June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 1
Oscar González SotoITU Consultant Expert
Strategic Planning and Assessment
ITU/ BDT ITU/ BDT ««Training and Trials on Network Training and Trials on Network Planning Tools for Evolving Network ArchitecturesPlanning Tools for Evolving Network Architectures »»
June 4June 4 --8 20078 2007Moscow, Russian FederationMoscow, Russian Federation
Network Architectures for Planning and Network Architectures for Planning and Technological alternatives. NGN: What and HowTechnological alternatives. NGN: What and How
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 2
Network Architectures and NGNNetwork Architectures and NGNContent Content
• Modeling of the network by layers and segments for planning
purposes
• Technology solutions for Access and Core architectu res
• NGN: What and how
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 3
Network Architectures and NGNNetwork Architectures and NGNNetwork Network ModelingModeling
• High complexity of the whole Network requires a mo deling and
splitting in subnetworks to facilitate analysis and design.
• By Layers in a vertical dimension following the client-server relation (one layer is supported in the layer below and providesresources for the layer up). Physical, Transmission, Switching, etc.
• By Segments or splitting of the end to end communication into subareas as customer premises, access, core national, core international
• By Technologies or underlying technique as PDH, SDH, PSTN, ATM, IP, NGN, GSM, 3G, WiMAX, etc.....
• Network Planning follows the same splitting or part itioning to allow treatment of the problems and adaptation to a ssociated
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 4
Network Architectures and NGNNetwork Architectures and NGNAccess Network: Access Network: WirelineWireline
SDF
SDF
SDF
FDF
FDFmain cable
branching cablesdrop line
MDF
.
.
.
.
SDF
drop line..
.
.
.
.
RegionalExchange
<40 km mean value ~1,7 km mean value ~300 m(50 % <1,2km, 90 % <3,7 km) (50 % <200 m, 90 % <500 m)
NTBA
LocalExchange
MDF Main Distribution FrameFDF Feeder Distribution FrameSDF Subscriber Distribution Frame
Typical Access Network structure: (classical)
SDF
ISDNbasic rate
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 5
Network Architectures and NGNNetwork Architectures and NGNAccess Network: Access Network: WirelineWireline Evolution: Evolution: FTTxFTTx
Typical Access Network evolution towards BB and Con vergence
Local: ~ 40 km Distribution: mean value ~1,7 km Drop: mean value ~300 m
SDF
SDF
SDF
DLC
branching cablesdrop line
OpticalInterface
.
.
.
...
NTBA
LEX/GW
LEX Local ExchangeGW GatewayMDF Main Distribution FrameDLC Digital Loop Carrier SDF Subscriber Distribution FrameFO Fiber Optic
DLC
DLCdrop line .
.
FO
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 6
END
USER
POC: Point of ConcentrationPOP: Point of presencePOI: Point of InterconnectionBAS: Broadband Access Server
ACCESS EDGE CORE
Other NetworksPSTN/ISDN
IPInternet
Other NetworksPSTN/ISDN
IPInternet
Point-to-multipoint
AggregationBS traffic (ATM/SDH) or IP
TransportSDH/ADM
IP
MGW
Border router
SU-NI
SU-RT
SU
POC
POP POI AU-RE
AU
BS
BS: Base StationAU: Access UnitAU-RE: Radio Front-end MGW: Media Gateway
SU: Subscriber Unit SU-RT: Subscriber Unit Outdoor UnitSU-NI: Subscriber Unit Indoor Unit
SDH / ATM/IP SS7
Mux BAS
Note: The current Network description shows the ATM approach (BAS is needed). A fully IP scenario is also feasible (BAS is not needed)
10 BaseTZ
10BaseT
E3
Network Architectures and NGNNetwork Architectures and NGNAccess Network: x.WIP
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 7
MTA: Multimedia Terminal AdapterFN: Fiber NodeCMTS: Cable Modem Termination SystemVoD: Video on DemandIN: Intelligent Network
Voice CircuitSwitchIN
InternetInternetTV
FNSet Top
Box
Amplifiers &Taps
TV
Cable Modem
Head-end
HubHub
FIBER RING(Redundant)
Analog/Digital broadcasting
PC
TV
MTA
Coax AccessNetwork
Controlled IPNetwork
GatewayV5.2 E1
CMTS
PSTNPSTN
VoD
≈400 Homes / Fiber Node
Network Architectures and NGNNetwork Architectures and NGNAccess Network: HFC
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 8
MDF: Main Distribution FrameDSLAM: Digital Subscriber Line Access MultiplexerIN: Intelligent NetworkBAS: Broadband Access Server
Voice CircuitSwitch
Network Architectures and NGNNetwork Architectures and NGNAccess Network: xDSL
* Bandwidth/distances per solution
ADSL: up to 4/8 Mbps/800 kbps d <= 3/1,5 km ADSL plus: up to4/ 8 Mbps/800 kbps d <= 4.5/2,1 km
SHDSL: up to 2.3 Mbps symmetric d <= 1.8 km
VDSL: up to 52 Mbps Assym/ 26 Mbps Sym d <= 300m
(In all cases, higher distances imply less bitrate following
bandwidth shape curve)
ISAM
IP mode networkIP mode networkSet TopBox
xDSL Modem
PC
TV
Controlled IPNetwork
PSTNPSTN
IN
DSLAM
BAS
SplitterMDF
CopperLocal Loop<≈ d km *
ATM
SS7
MDF
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 9
Network Architectures and NGNNetwork Architectures and NGNAccess Network : Multiservice Nodes
DLC:Digital Loop CarrierResidential
Residential
Regional Ring/Network
Central Office
ADM
Internet
Any network
PDH DLC
Nx2Mb/s(optical or HDSL)
PDH DLC
STM-1/STM-4 Access Ring
SDH DLC
Business Multitenant
Business Area
Business Park
STM-1
ISDN/4xE1/STM-1
LL
POP
BAM
ISDN/4xE1/STM-1
Residential dispersed
SDH Hub
ISAM Business
EthernetResidential
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 10
Central Office or Fiber Passive Outside
Remote Terminal Distribution Plant
V-OLT
P-OLT
MS 20 km
H-ONT
1550nm
622 Mb/s >>
<< 155 Mb/s
1490nm
1310nm
Splitters
Network Architectures and NGNNetwork Architectures and NGNAccess Network : FTTU
FTTU:Fiber to the UserONT: Optical Network TerminationOLT: Optical Line Termination
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 11
Network Architectures Network Architectures andand NGN: NGN: Technological alternatives at coreTechnological alternatives at core
Lambda BandwidthDarkFiber
Scenario ACircuit based
Scenario BPacket based
Managed MultiserviceATM/FR/IP
ATM VPN, IP VPN
Ethernet ptp
LAN to LANconnection
Internet Gbit access
IP VPN
Optical fiberOptical fiberDWDM equipmentDWDM equipmentOptical switchingOptical switching
SDHSDH
IP RoutingIP Routing
EthernetEthernetGigEGigE
ATM/FRATM/FR
GigE,10/100BTFicon,Escon, GigE,10/100BTFicon,Escon,
FibreFibre Ch..Ch..
IPIP
Physical InfrastructurePhysical Infrastructure
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 12
Network Architectures Network Architectures andand NGN: NGN: Evolution towards NGNEvolution towards NGN
•A multi-service network able to support voice, data and video
•A network with a control plane (signaling, control) separated from
the transport/switching plane
•A network with open interfaces between transport, control and
applications
•A network using packet technology ( IP) to transport of all kind of
information
•A network with guaranteed QoS for different traffic types and SLAs
NGN conceptNGN concept
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 13
Network Architectures Network Architectures andand NGN: NGN: Evolution towards NGNEvolution towards NGN
NGN layersNGN layers
NetworkIndependent
Services
Legacy Network Signaling/Service
Legacy Network Media
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 14
Network Architectures Network Architectures andand NGN: NGN: Evolution towards NGNEvolution towards NGN
NGN : WhyNGN : Why
• Flexibility for service building and offering
• Expectation of cost reductions by sharing infrastructure and
systems
• Simplification of O&M , thus lowering OPEX.
• Use of open interfaces leads for:
- quick deployment of services and applications
- new services (third parties)
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 15
Network Architectures Network Architectures andand NGNNGNModelingModeling issuesissues forfor NGN NGN andand 3G3G
– New models to represent multiservice flows
– New dimensioning methods for resources handling multimedia
services with QoS
– New measurement procedures for aggregated multiservice traffics
– New multicriteria dimensioning for 3G and xG combining coverage
by frequency, service speed and data traffic capaci ty
– Which procedures to ensure interoperability and end-to-end
performance across multiple domains?
– Which units to define dimensioning and costing unit s for
interconnection?
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 16
Network Architectures Network Architectures andand NGNNGNQoS and Performance Issues
• Quality of Service (QoS) domains to be modeled, defined and/or extended for NGN and 3G. Measured in waiting time and/or loss probabilities
• Domains for QoS evaluation:
- Service accessibility: capability to access a service
- Connection establishment: Capability to get connection
- Information transfer: Quality of information delivery
- Reliability: Failure probability
- Availability: Probability of system being active
- Survivability: Capability to provide service in abnormal conditions
- Security: Information and systems protection level
- Qualitative: Intelligibility, audibility, visualization ... of information
content as derived from user perception (MOS)
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 17
Network Architectures Network Architectures andand NGNNGNTrafficTraffic flowflow typestypes forfor QoSQoS basedbased dimensioningdimensioning
– T1) QoS constant stream : bandwidth transmission at a constant speed with a specified delivery and jitter (ie: video distribution)
– T2) QoS variable stream : bandwidth transmission at a variable speed derived from a user information and coding algorithm whichrequires guaranteed quality and specified jitter (ie: VoIP, Video streaming, audio streaming, etc.)
– T3) QoS elastic: bandwidth transmission at a variable speed without jitter restrictions and asynchronous delivery (ie: browsing, file transfer, mail, UMS, etc.)
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 18
Network Architectures Network Architectures andand NGNNGNTraffic units for aggregated flowsTraffic units for aggregated flows
– Equivalent Sustained Bit Rate (ESBR) or aggregated equivalent rates for same QoS category flows efficiently carried in a common reference busy period (ie. 5 minutes)
– Computed as weighted average for the services at QoScategory (i) and customer classes (j) at each network element: ∑i ∑j ESBRij
Proposal of NGN units in multiservicenetworks/interfaces for demand/dimensioning/costing :
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 19
Network Architectures and Network Architectures and NGNNGNExisting networks and architectureExisting networks and architecture
• 5 different network types to handle telecom services
• TDM for fixed and mobile networks working in circuit mode with end to end reserved paths
• SS7 and IN network working with message switching mode
• Data network working with leased lines and packet mode with different and conventional IP protocols
SCP
TDM
POTS ISDN
RSU
LEX/TEX
LEX
PCM
DataATM/IP
MUX/DSLAM
NMC
SS7
HDSL/XDSL
NAS
Mob
IN
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 20
Network Architectures Network Architectures andand NGNNGNExisting networks and architectureExisting networks and architecture
TRANSIT NETWORKTRANSIT NETWORK
NATIONAL LAYERNATIONAL LAYER
REGIONAL LAYERREGIONAL LAYER
RULAYER
LEXLAYER
customersLAYER
• Hierarchical topology with 4 to 5 layers, connectivity to the upper next layer and within each layer as a function of economical optimization
• Number of nodes as a function of O/D traffic and nodes capacity
• Service handling for media, signaling and control at all exchange nodes
•Carrier grade quality with well defined QoS criteria and standardized engineering rules
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 21
Network Architectures Network Architectures andand NGNNGNArchitecture migration: TopologyArchitecture migration: Topology
What changes from current scenario towards target network ?
OtherNetworks
DLC
Control
Transport/Media Distributed Switching
DSL
Wirelessgateway
Softswitch
OSS Services
PacketNetwork
IP/MPLS/CAC
Accessgateway
Accessgateway
Accessgateway
Trunkgateway
SCP
TDM
POTS ISDN
RSU
LEX/TEX
LEX
PCM
DataATM/IP
MUX/DSLAM
NMC
SS7
HDSL/XDSL
NAS
Mob
IN
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 22
Smooth migration to NGNSmooth migration to NGNNetwork Architectures and NGNNetwork Architectures and NGNEvolution towards NGNEvolution towards NGN
MultiserviceNode AccessAccess
CustomersCustomers
CoreCorePSTN Class 4
Subscriber unit
RSPRCP
DS
DataMux
IN
EdgeEdgePSTN Class 5
SSP
InternatinalInternatinalCoreCore
Current end to end architecture Current end to end architecture
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 23
Network Architectures Network Architectures andand NGN: NGN: Evolution towards NGNEvolution towards NGN
Multiservicenode
AccessAccess
CustomersCustomers
CoreCore
Subscriber unit
MM
NGCR Optical
AGW
Softswitch
AssociatedTK GW
EdgeEdge
International International CoreCore
NGER
Target end to end architecture for NGNTarget end to end architecture for NGN
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 24
Network Architecture Network Architecture towardstowards NGNNGNArchitecture Evolution: TopologyArchitecture Evolution: Topology
Topological changes impact on infrastructure and are slower to implement than technology substitution
• Less network nodes and links due to the higher capacity of systems (one order of magnitude).
• Same capillarity at access level due to identical customer location
• Topological connectivity higher for high capacity nodes and paths for security
• High protection level and diversity paths/sources in all high capacity systems, both at functional and physical levels
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 25
Network Architectures Network Architectures andand NGNNGN: : Cost drivers and trendsCost drivers and trends
• Network physical infrastructure as a function of location and density (costs proportion around 70% in the access segment)
• Volume of customers per category
• Bandwidth demand per origin/destination
• Packet processing rates for control related functions
• Variety of applications/services and related platforms
• Content storage and location within the network
• Leasing of physical or communication resources
Fundamental importance of economies of scale by vol ume and convergence at network resources, service platforms and OSS
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 26
Network Architectures Network Architectures andand NGNNGN: : Cost drivers and trendsCost drivers and trends
Cost trends for NGN
• Cost reduction in CAPEX due to technological economy of scale by larger capacities
• Similar values for costs in the physical civil infrastructure
• OPEX in NGN trends to be lower due to the integrated operation and maintenance
• Plan higher investments in security/survivability with diversity paths and protection for large capacity systems
Check and validate correct cost modelling with fixe d and variable components as a function of economy of scale
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 27
Network Architectures Network Architectures andand NGNNGNUnified IMS Model for Mobile and Fixed ConvergenceUnified IMS Model for Mobile and Fixed Convergence
• Concept:
– Application of 3GPP’s IMS architecture and protocol extensions for fixed and converged networks
• Key actors:
– Operators
– ETSI, TISPAN, VASA, ITU-T
– Equipment vendors
• Deliver person-to-person real-time IP-based multimedia communications– Person-to-person, person-to-
machine
• Fully integrate real-time with non-real-time multimedia communications.– i.e., live streaming and chat
• Easy user setup of multiple services in a single session, or multiple synchronized sessions
• Operators have better control of service value chain– End-to-end QoS
What is IMS? Why IMS ?
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 28
NetworkNetwork ArchitecturesArchitectures andand NGNNGNIMS ArchitectureIMS Architecture
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 29
Network Architectures Network Architectures andand NGNNGNEvolution to IMS: Evolution to IMS: BenefitsBenefits
- First advantage is the higher flexibility of the IM S functionality to adapt to the customer services , irrespective of the technology they use and the access method to reach the network.
- Saving in effort and time for the development and deployment of a new service is considerably reduced once the architecture is ready at the network, implying economic savings and better Time to Market for a given service provider in a competitive market.
- Efficient introduction on new services at a lower co st will increase the service provider revenues and ARPU which is the major business driver for the healthy operation, market grow and financial results.
- Higher utilization of services and better personaliz ation of functions to specific requirements from the end customers’ point of view, a common use and feel for all services and applications
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 30
Network Architectures Network Architectures andand NGNNGNEvolution to IMS: PhasesEvolution to IMS: Phases
Convergence to NGN infrastructure
Current Servicefunctionality
Partial IMS functionality and/or coverage
Full IMS coverage
Full HSS, P2P video, Service broker, Service blending,
RACF, ICD, etc.
Convergence to IMS services
PSTN
NGN IP core
End to End NGN
PSTN Architecture
Pre - IMSPSTN emulation/simulation
Full IMS “SIP” ServicesOpen Service Architecture, Basic
HSS, VoIP, LBS, PBS, IM, PtS, etc.
June 2007 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O.G.S. slide 31
Network Architectures Network Architectures andand NGNNGNSummary RemarksSummary Remarks
• Multiservice flows impose a set of requirements on models and tools for NGN and 3G.
• Interoperability and interconnection require special effort to players and planners to ensure end-to-end performance
• Migration of existing architectures to the new generation ones require techno-economic planning for each country
scenario
• Complexity of converged networks require the use of high quality support tools