IX. IrrigationRice Research and Development:

Supply, Demand, Water, Climate, and Research Capacity

Robert S. Zeigler, International Rice Research Institute,

International Rice Conf, Bali, Sept 2005

Potato Information Kit . 1997. Jerry Lovatt

Pola Pertumbuhan TanamanBERAT KERING

(g) FASE PEMASAKAN

70 TOTAL

FASEPERTUMBUHAN

60 CEPAT(PERIODE KRITIS)

BUAH/BIJI50

FASE BATANG

40 PERTUMBUHANLAMBAT

20 DAUN

10 AKAR

02 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

MINGGU SETELAH TANAM

IrrigationPotato Information Kit . 1997. Jerry Lovatt

Air sebagai pelarut hara

Air tersedia = pada kapasitas lapang di daerah perakaran

tanaman

Kekurangan air :

perakaran serabut ++ di kedalaman tanah, tanaman kerdil, produksi

rendah

Kelebihan air :

mengurangi aerasi tanah, meningkatkan pencucian hara & pestisida

& menyebabkan kondisi yang sesuai bagi perkembangan hama &

penyakit

Irrigation Description

Indonesia Irigasi teknis pada lahan sawah

Lahan kering tgt hujan

Cara pengairan Digenangi pada lahan

sawah dan juga pada lahan

kering bila tersedia pengairan

teknis.

Disiram unt lahan kering

Tgt Musim musim hujan air berlebihan &

kemarau air berkurang

Sifat Boros, tidak terukur & hanya

mengandalkan musim

Produktifitas rendah

Cu ra h H ujan (CH ) R a dias i Mata har i (R M)(m m) (k al /cm 2)

600 -- -- 60 0

500 -- -- 50 0

400 -- -- 40 0

300 -- -- 30 0

200 -- -- 20 0

100 -- -- 10 0

0 ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ 0

Jan Fe b Ma r A pr Me i J un Jul Ag s S ep O kt N op Des

Ke te ra n ga n : : CH 1995 : RM 1995

: CH 1996 : RM 1996

: CH 1997 : RM 1997

: CH 1998 : RM 1998

The water challenge

• Nearly 90% of the fresh water

diverted for human use in

Asia goes to agriculture and, of this,

>50% is used to irrigate rice.

• It takes more than 2,000 liters of

water to produce 1 kg of rice!

• There is growing competition from

cities and industry for available water

supplies.

• Farmers must become more efficient

in their use of water.

Irrigation requirement

Tensiometer mengukur ketersediaan air

tanah bagi tanaman

30 - 50 kPa + pengairan

Perkiraan berdasar evapotranspirasi

Disesuaikan dg fase pertumbuhan tanaman

vegeratif & generatif/reproduktif

tan kentang 3 - 4 hari sekali terutama

pada puncak pengisian umbi 370 mm prod

40 t/ha & 40 mm prod 20 t/ha

Rice and water

• 75% of rice is irrigated (75 m

ha)

• Rice requires much water :

2000-3000 l kg-1 rice

• Irrigated areas consume 80%

of all fresh water used;

Asia: > 50% of this is for rice

• Better irrigation management practices to use less

water, such as alternate wetting and drying.

• New varieties that

better tolerate drought

(aerobic rice, pictured).

• New varieties that are

more efficient in their

use of water.

Options – better water management

and new rice varieties

Irrigation System

FOR MORE INFO...

Irrigation Technology

Great Giant Pineaple Co -

Lampung Sprinkle

irrigation

Irrigation Technology

Potato Boom irrigation –

Pemberton West AUS,

2002