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Cover 2nd & 3rd.indd 2 20-03-2015 PM 12:56:38

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prelims.indd 1 20-03-2015 PM 12:55:40

The National University of Educational Planning and Administration (NUEPA), a Deemed University fully funded by Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India is engaged in capacity building and research in educational policy, planning and administration. NUEPA offers M.Phil., Ph.D. and Part-time Ph.D. programmes in educational policy, planning and administration from a broader inter-disciplinary social science perspective. The research programmes of NUEPA cover all levels and types of education from both national and international development perspectives. NUEPA invites applications from eligible candidates for admission to its M.Phil., Ph.D. and Part-time Ph.D. programmes for the year 2015-16.

FellowshipsAll candidates selected for the M.Phil. and Ph.D. (full-time) shall be offered NUEPA fellowship. The NET qualified candidates, who have been awarded Junior Research Fellowship by the UGC and who fulfil the required qualifications, are encouraged to apply. However, part-time Ph.D. candidates are not entitled for any fellowship.

Eligibility CriteriaFull-time Programmes(a) A candidate seeking admission to the M.Phil. and Ph.D. programmes shall have a minimum of 55% marks (50% marks for SC/ST candidates and Persons with Disabilities) or its equivalent grade in Master’s Degree in social sciences and allied disciplines from a recognized university. Candidates possessing Master’s Degree in other areas may also be considered if he/she has teaching experience or experience of working in the area of educational policy, planning and administration. (b) A candidate seeking admission to Ph.D. programme shall have an M.Phil. degree in an area closely related to educational planning and administration and/or exceptionally brilliant academic record coupled with publications of high quality. (c) M.Phil. graduates of NUEPA will be eligible for admission to the Ph.D. Programme after due scrutiny by a Selection/Admission Committee, if they obtain a FGPA of 6 or above on the ten point scale.

Part-time ProgrammeA candidate seeking admission to Part-time Ph.D. programme is required to meet the following criteria: (i) Should possess the educational qualifications as mentioned in Para (a) above; (ii) Currently, should be in full-time employment; (iii) Should be a senior level educational functionary with a minimum of five years work experience in teaching/research in educational policy, planning and administration.

It will be compulsory to attend one-year full-time course work by all part-time and full time candidates.Mode of SelectionNUEPA will follow all mandatory provisions in the reservation policy of the Government of India. Admissions to M.Phil., Ph.D. and Part-time Ph.D. programmes will be made purely on the basis of merit following the prescribed criteria of the University. The University reserves the right to decide the number of seats to be filled in the year 2015-16; the criteria for screening of applications; and the selection procedure of candidates for admission to its M.Phil. and Ph.D. programmes. The mode of selection of candidates will be as under: Initial short-listing of applications will be carried out on the basis of relevance and quality of the brief write-up (in the prescribed format) in the proposed area of research to be submitted along with the application form. Short-listed candidates will be required to appear for a written test and those qualifying in written test will be subjected to personal interviews to assess their motivation and potential leading to final short-listing and preparation of panel of selected candidates, in order of merit.

Candidates must be possessing the eligibility qualification and submit marks statement at the time of written test on 20.06.2015.How to ApplyCandidates may apply in the prescribed form for admission to M.Phil. and Ph.D. programmes of the University along with three copies of the brief write-up (in the prescribed format) on the proposed research topic of a contemporary issue within the broad framework of educational policy, planning and administration. For further details, please refer to the M.Phil.-Ph.D. Prospectus, 2015-16 of the University. The application form and the Prospectus can be obtained from NUEPA by remitting a sum of ` 200/- (` 100/- for SC/ST candidates) by demand draft in favour of Registrar, NUEPA, payable at New Delhi if required by Post or purchased in person. The Prospectus can also be downloaded from our website: www.nuepa.org by making online payment of ` 200/- (` 100/- for SC/ST candidates) and attach the receipt/confirmation slip with the application at the time of submission to NUEPA.

Last Date of ApplicationsApplication should reach the Registrar, NUEPA, 17-B, Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi-110016 on or before 15 May 2015. For further details, please visit our website www.nuepa.org

– Registrar

ADMISSION NOTICE 2015-16(i) M.Phil. Programme (ii) Ph.D. Programme (iii) Part-time Ph.D. Programme

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATIONALPLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION (NUEPA)(Declared by the GOI under Section 3 of the UGC Act, 1956)17-B Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi-110016 www.nuepa.org

prelims.indd 2 20-03-2015 PM 12:55:41

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fI+kQjigykeSFkdkdkegqvkAfganhdkigys]fganhdkdkegqvkArksma’amusi<+k;k]rksle>ughavk;kAMa’amuscksyk]¶rqEgkjkvyxlsDyklysaxsAD;ksafdrqEgsale>ughavk;kA¸,slkghpyrkjgkAfI+kQjNBsihfj;MesagqvkFkkuk]mlVkbeEnglishdkihfj;MFkkAEnglishle>usdhdksf'k'kdjjgkFkkAijeq>sle>ughavk;kArksfI+kQjukma’amuseq>scqykosQle>k;kAysfdueq>sle>ughavk;k---mlosQckni<+kbZfd;k]NBsihfj;MesaANBkihfj;MEVSdkgksrkgSAEVSdki<+kAe”kkrksvk;kAle>x;keSa]FkksM+k&FkksM+kASub-sub story 2: d{kk esa lksuk mlosQckn,slsdjrs&djrsFkdx;kFkk]rkseSalksx;kFkkAxyrhlsArksma’amuscksyk]¶LowQyesalksrsughagSaA¸exjeq>sirkughaFkkAmlhosQfy,eSalksx;kFkkAMa’amuseq>scksyk]¶LowQyesalksrsughagSaA¸rkseSalksrkughaLowQyesaA,dfnuuhanvkx;hFkhASub-sub story 3:oqQNvkSjihfj;M~ldkflyflykmlosQcknvkBokaihfj;Mgqvk---

fI+kQjukSokaihfj;MmnwZdkFkkArksma’ammlesafy[kjghFkhaArksgesale>ughavkjgkFkk]D;kfy[kjghgSaArksgeusma’amlscksyk]“Ma’amgesale>ughavkjgkAvkSjgeusi<+kHkhughagSA¸rksma’amusdgk]¶rqEgsacrknsaxs-cknesa¸---rksfiQjNqêðhgqbZ---

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blçdkjthoudkS'kyosQikB~;ØedksfuèkkZfjrdjosQdkmalyjcPpksaosQlkaLÑfrdKkudksfo'ks"kçdkjlslajfprdjrhgSAblçdkj dh laLÑfr dh Hkk"kk uk rks fu;fergS]ukghblesavuq'kklugS]uk O;oLFkkgS]uk gh igukok gh O;ofLFkr gS vkSj lg;ksxdh voèkkj.kk Hkh lfEefyr ugha gSA blhotgls oks thoudkS'ky osQ ikB~;ØedhO;oLFkk djrh gSA bl çdkj dk ikB~;Øe“(focuses on) character development, on teaching them a clear sense of right and wrong, skills of individual achievement which translate into the virtues of hard-work, self discipline, perseverance, industry, respect for family, for learning and for country… (and) smoothes over conflict” (Girouux, 2005, p.19).blhdkj.kcPpksaesafufgrthoudkS'kyksaijpqIihlkèkrsgq,,oamUgsaudkjrsgq,fofHkUurkdksghurkosQ:iesaO;Drfd;ktkrkgSA

LowQy osQ cPpksa ,oa f'k{kdksa }kjk Fkksihx;higpku,d^NGOosQcPps*dhgStksfdNGOlsiwoZ,dLVªhV&pkbYMFkkAbldkj.kmlosQckjsesaoqQNvoèkkj.kk,aFkhatkslektdk;Zdhn`f"Vls çÑfrÑrdhtkrhFkhaftldhotglsfI+kQjks”kosQfy,LowQyesanegotiationdhçfØ;kmRihM+dFkhA

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iwoZKkuughagSD;ksafdbuosQf'k{k.kdkekè;efganhHkk"kkjghgSftlosQvkèkkjijf'k{kd;sroZQçLrqrdjrsgSa fdbudhblghurkosQdkj.kogd{kkosQLrjijigq¡pusesav{kegSaALrjlacaèkhbllkekU;èkkj.kkesavPNsvkSjcqjsnksuksaghrRogSaAbldkudkjkRedi{k;sgSfdcPpksadksmÙkjnk;hBgjkdjf'k{kdLo;aosQlkaLÑfrdiwokZxzgksavkSjvkykspukRedlaoknosQmÙkjnkf;RolseqDrgkstkrsgSaAnwljhvksjblèkkj.kkdkldkjkRedi{k;sgSfdf'k{kdLo;aLowQyosQle;ls,d?kaVkiwoZvkdjNk=kksaosQ^Lrj*esavfHko`f¼osQfy,ç;kldjrsgSagkykafdblosQfy,mipkjhf'k{kkfofèkdkghç;ksxfd;ktkrkgSAblfofèkesa;gekU;rkfufgrgSfdoafprlewgdks,slhj.kuhfr}kjkf'kf{krfd;ktkukpkfg,ftllsfdoseè;eoxZosQvU;Nk=kksalslekuLrjijçfrLièkkZdjlosaQAgkyk¡fdlrghLrjij;glgefr;ksX; rks yxrk gS ij oSpkfjd n`f"V ls ;gleL;kÑr voèkkj.kk gS D;ksafd ;g vlekuçfrLièkkZesaHkhlaKkukRedLrjijbuNk=kksadkseè;eoxZosQNk=kksadhvis{kkghun'kkZrhgSaA;gvoèkkj.kk“(is a) conservative value position which is quite functional to the ongoing maintenance of already reified patterns of interaction in schools” (Apple 1972, p.74)- vewrZèkkj.kkosQ:iesacPpksadh{kerkdkLrj;sfuèkkZfjrdjrkgSfdcPpsd{kkesafdruklh[kldrsgSa;|fif'k{kdosQldkjkRedlg;ksxlsmldh{kerkvksadks fu[kkjktkldrkgSAd{kkosQ'kq#vkrhl=kesaghmipkjhd{kkvksaosQfy,cPpksaosQLrjdkslUnHkZ&fcanqosQ:i


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· lgk;d izkè;kfidk] {ks=kh; f'k{kk laLFkku] ';keyk fgYl] Hkksiky] eè; izns'k 462013

f'k{kk dh ikjEifjd o vkèkqfud voèkkj.kk vkSj f'k{kd dh Hkwfedk

fp=kk flag·

lekt osQ lHkh vaxksa esa f'k{kk dh Lohdk;Zrk osQ vkSj lekt }kjk f'k{kk osQ egRo dks tkuus osQ ckctwn f'k{kk osQ lS¼kfUrd igyw o O;ogkjkRed igyqvksa esa Hkkjh vUrj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA gekjh vkt+knh osQ ckn 'kklu dh bZekunkj dksf'k'kksa osQ ckotwn lkekU; f'k{kk O;oLFkk osQ izfr yksxksa dk Hkjkslk de gqvk gSA Hkkjrh; f'k{kk vkt+knh osQ ckn nks vyx&vyx O;oLFkkvksa }kjk lapkfyr gksus yxh µ ,d og tks ljdkjh LowQyksa osQ :i esa Fkh vkSj nwljh og tks futh f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa osQ :i esa lkeus vk;hA bl izdkj vkt+knh osQ lkFk gh Hkkjrh; f'k{kk O;oLFkk nks Hkkxksaa esa caV x;h vkSj bl foHkktu us ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks tUe fn;k fd Hkkjrh; lekt Hkh nks Hkkxksa esa caV x;kA lekt dk ,d og fgLlk tks ljdkjh LowQyksa esa i<+rk Fkk vkSj nwljk og tks futh laLFkkvksa esa i<+rk FkkA f'k{kk osQ bl foHkktu us nks vyx&vyx Hkkjr cuk fn;s blls lekt esa igys ls ekStwn Å¡p&uhp dh Hkkouk dks vkSj vfèkd cy feyk rFkk bl foHkktu esa ijEijk o vkèkqfudrk osQ la?k"kZ dh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ Hkh iSnk dhaA ikjEifjd f'k{kk tks gekjh LFkkuh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh mit Fkh vkSj ftlesa Hkkjrh; thou 'kSyh] Hkkjrh; lkekftd ewY;kas vkSj vko';drkvksa dk lekos'k Fkk] ,d ,slh vk;kfrr f'k{kk iz.kkyh }kjk èkhjs&èkhjs foLFkkfir dj nh x;h] tks vkèkqfud rks Fkh vkSj blesa cnyrs le; dh vko';drkvksa osQ vuq:i [kqn dks <ky ysus dh lkeF;Z Hkh FkhA fdUrq ;g ,d ,slh f'k{kk O;oLFkk Fkh ftlesa Hkkjrh;rk vkSj mlosQ ewY;ksa osQ izfr vkxzg cgqr de FkkA izLrqr vkys[k esa bu nksuksa ijEijkvksa osQ }a} osQ ifjis{; esa f'k{kd dh Hkwfedk ij fopkj fd;k x;k gSA

31f'k{kk dh ikjEifjd o vk/qfud vo/kj.kk vkSj f'k{kd dh Hkwfedk

ikjEifjd Hkkjrh; f'k{kk dk cqfu;knh iz;kstu vius vkidks tkuus osQ lkFk&lkFk vius lekt o le; dks Hkh tkuuk FkkA tgka ,d vksj ^vkRekue~o`f¼* (Lo;a dks tkuks) dk n`f"Vdks.k Fkk ogha ^lkfo|k ;k foeqDr;s* (fo|k og gS tks eqDr djrh gS) dk ?kks"k Hkh FkkA Lo;a dks tkuus ls ysdj euq"; dh lHkh rjg osQ vKku ls eqfDr gekjh ijEijk esa f'k{kk dk mís'; jgk gSA fo|ke`r'uqrs&fo|k vejrk dh vksj ys tkrh gS] dk è;s; okD; rks ge lc tkurs gh gSaA

ikjEifjd f'k{kk bl ckr ij tksj nsrh Fkh fd ftruk O;fDr Lo;a osQ ckjs esa tkusxk mruk gh og lekt esa viuh Hkwfedk fuokZg djus esa l{ke gksxkA vius xq.kksa vkSj detksfj;ksa dks igpku dj og lekt osQ fgr esa muosQ mi;ksx osQ ckjs esa lksp ik;sxkA

Hkkjrh; ikjEifjd f'k{kk euq"; dks fou;h cuuk fl[kkrh Fkh vkSj fo|kFkhZ f'k{kk izkIr dj vgadkj ls ugha oju~ fou; ls Hkj mBrk Fkk] fo|k dks fou; nsus okyh le>k tkrk FkkA blhfy, dgk x;k gS ^fo|k nnkfr fou;aA* ikjEifjd f'k{kk dk vkpk;Z dgrk Fkk fd mlosQ tks vkpj.k viukus ;ksX; gkas mUgh dk vuqlj.k djukA

bldk ,d vFkZ ;g Hkh Fkk fd xq# Hkh lafnXèk vkSj fooknkLin] ;gk¡ rd fd vkykspuh;] Hkh gks ldrk FkkA ;g og ijEijk Fkh tgk¡ iz'u djuk thfor o Lora=k euq"; dh igpku ekuk tkrk FkkA ;g og ijEijk Fkh tks euq"; o euq";rk dks f'k{kk osQ osQUnz esa j[krh FkhA mifu"kn~ dk ½f"k dgrk gS ^Kku dks vkRelkr~ djosQ viuh laosnuk dk vax cukuk gksrk gSA

D;k lp gS\ ;g tkuuk rks vklku gS vkSj ,d {k.k esa tkuk Hkh tk ldrk gS ij mls O;ogkj esa mrkjuk dfBu gSA blosQ fy, lkèkuk djuh gksrh gS] vuqfparu djuk gksrk gSA vfu.kZ; osQ {k.k vkrs gSa ftuesa vius dks la?k"kZ djuk iM+rk gSA thou osQ dfri; vuqHkoksa ls eu f[kUu gksrk gS rks lkjk Kku csdkj yxrk gSA ,sls {k.kksa esa eu dks fLFkj djosQ viuh vkLFkk dks n`<+ cukuk gksrk gS ;gh mikluk gS] blosQ fcuk oqQN Hkh laHko ughaA* bl izdkj f'k{kk dks mikluk crkrs gq, vkxs dgk x;k gS fd Kku rks fdlh Hkh xq# ls izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS] ij vH;kl rks Lo;a djuk gksrk gS] Kku rks deZ osQ Hkhrj ls gh iwQVrk gSA fdrkc i<+us ls v£tr Kku] Kku dk iwokZH;kl (fjglZy) gS] Kku ughaA blhfy, bl ijEijk esa f'k{kk deZ dks nku dgk x;k gSA f'k{kk&nku dks lcls cM+k nku ekudj xq# dh efgek xk;h xbZA blfy, f'k{kk dk Hkkjr esa og vFkZ ugha Fkk tks if'pe dh lH;rk esa izpfyr gSA f'k{kk ;gk¡ ,d 'kkL=k jgh gSA

osnksa esa f'k{kk osQ rhu vkpk;ks± dk mYys[k vkrk gS& ekrèku~ firèku~ vkpk;Zoku iq#"kkas osn%A ek¡ igyk vkpk;Z gS] firk nwljk vkSj rhljk vkpk;Z og gS tks ekrk&firk osQ ckn vkrk gS buls lh[kdj gh euq"; Kkuoku gksrk gSA mifu"knksa osQ dky esa rSRkjh; mifu"kn~ osQ rhu Hkkxksaa esa ls izFke Hkkx dks ^f'k{kkoYyh* dgk x;k gS ftldk vFkZ gS & Lukrd dks fn;k tkus okyk vkpk;Z dk nh{kkUr izopuA blesa Lukrd osQ O;fDrRo dh ifjiw.kZrk dk Hkko ;k fopkj osQUnzh; FkkA f'k{kk dk vFkZ rc Kku ugha cfYd euq"; dh ifjiw.kZrk ls FkkA f'k{kk ek=k


fy[kus&i<+us dh dyk ugha Fkh] Hkkjrh; ijEijk esa f'k{kk dk vFkZ izKk] 'khy vkSj lekfèk ls FkkA ftldk eryc lE;o~Q foosd] lE;o~Q Kku vkSj lE;o~Q vkpj.k FkkA osQoy dyk] dkS'ky] Kku vkSj foKku dk vè;;u gh blosQ vUrxZr ugha vkrk FkkA ijEijk esa ;s lc f'k{kk ls fHkUu ekus x;s FksA ;s foèkk,a ek=k Fkha ftudk lEcUèk Kkuewydrk ls FkkA mifu"kn~ dk ½f"k ;g Hkh dgrk gS fd Kku dks mldh lÙkk esa deZ djosQ gh ik;k tk ldrk gSA fdrkch Kku fliZQ lwpuk gS Kku ughaA 'kk;n blh ckr dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, okjk.klh osQ vkl&ikl osQ xk¡oksa esa ;g et+kd pyrk Fkk fd laLÑr osQ if.Mr iksFkk&'kkL=k rks tkurs gSa ij ikyd vkSj iqnhus esa vUrj ugha dj ikrsA

Hkkjrh; ijEijk xq#&f'k"; vkèkkfjr jgh gS vkSj blesa xq# Lo;a dks vius f'k"; esa O;Dr djrk FkkA bl ijEijk esa izR;sd f'k"; dh xq.koÙkk] ;ksX;rk] n{krk vkSj lkeF;Z dk fu.kZ; vkpk;Z djrk FkkA ge fo|k ;k Kku dks bruk ifo=k o nSoh; ekurs Fks fd gekjs Kku&nku dh viuh 'krZs jgh gaSA dgk x;k gS fd dU;k o fo|k oqQik=k dks ugha nsuh pkfg,A Hkkjr esa f'k{kk dk pje vkn'kZ nhid FkkA blfy, ;gk¡ osQ vkpk;k±s us vyadkj dh Hkk"kk esa bls ^nhinhIr nh{kk* dgk] ,d f'k"; esa Kku dh bruh ykS vk tk, fd mlls nwljs dks izsfjr fd;k tk losQ] ;gh bl ijEijk dk y{; FkkA

Hkkjrh; ijEijk osQ bu 'kkL=kh; i{kksa dk Hkkjr osQ O;ogkfjd thou esa Hkh n[ky Fkk o ;s lc ckrsa osQoy lS¼kfUrd ugha Fkha budk izek.k fczfV'k 'kklu dky esa 18oha lnh osQ

mÙkjkèkZ ,oa 19oha lnh osQ vkjaHk esa rS;kj fd;s x;s ,Me osQ izfrosnu ls feyrk gSA ftlesa dgk x;k gS fd ^Hkkjr osQ izR;sd xkao esa fo|ky; gSa tgk¡ iwjh ferO;;rk osQ lkFk fcuk fdlh ljdkjh lgk;rk osQ Lo;a xkao okyksa osQ ;ksxnku ls f'k{kk nh tkrh gS*A bl f'k{kk i¼fr esa dksbZ ljdkjh cksMZ ugha FkkA LowQykas osQ lkeus 'kklu ls lEc¼rk dk iz'u ugha FkkA ;g O;oLFkk Å¡ph] yphyh] roZQ laxr o ferO;;h gksus osQ lkFk yksdijk;.k vkSj mnkj Hkh FkhA f'k{kk osQ osQUnz esa vè;kid Fkk vkSj mldh Lokèkhurk ls NsM+&NkM+ djus dh dksf'k'k u rks rRdkyhu lekt djrk Fkk] u 'kkluA fo|kFkhZ dks viuh ;ksX;rk vkSj ik=krk izekf.kd djuh iM+rh FkhA vkpk;Z osQ oqQy esa izos'k ikus osQ ckn vè;kid o Nk=k dk lacaèk ,d ijLij ;k=kk osQ lg;k=kh tSlk gksrk FkkA bl ijEijk esa f'k"; dk vFkZ vkpk;Z dh iQksVksdkWih gks tkuk ugha oju~ vkpk;Z dh lhekvksa dk foLrkj djuk vkSj t:jr iM+us ij ubZ e;kZnkvksa dk foèkku djuk Hkh FkkA

vkèkqfud Hkkjr vkSj mldh f'k{kk O;oLFkk

ijEijkxr f'k{kk tSlh Hkh jgh gks ysfdu bldk mís'; ekuo ek=k dk dY;k.k gh jgk FkkA bl ijEijk ls Lo;a dks i`Fkd dj geus f'k{kk dh oSQlh ijEijk rS;kj dh gS] mldk izek.k vkt dh ifjfLFkfr;ka Lo;a gaSA vkt izfrLièkkZ osQ O;wg dks gh thou vkSj f'k{kk dk ije vkn'kZ ekuk tk jgk gSA bl O;oLFkk esaa iz'u iwwNuk] tks fd Nk=k dh vktknh vkSj ckSf¼drk dk igyk y{k.k gS vkSj tks mlosQ euq"; gksus dh Hkh igyh


igpku gS] dks vkt nqxqZ.k] vuq'kklughurk] fonzksg vkSj iwjs lekt osQ fy, ?kkrd ekuk tk jgk gSA tcfd gekjk è;s; okD; gh ôkns okns tk;rs rRocksèk%* (roZQ foroZQ ls gh rRo Kku dh izkfIr gksrh gS) jgk gSA vkt dh f'k{kk u osQoy gesa vius 'k=kqvksa ls vlaosfnr jguk fl[kkrh gS vkSj u osQoy gesa 'ks"k nqfu;k ls dkVrh gS] cfYd Lo;a vius lekt osQ Hkhrj gesa ,d laosnughu] vfpUru'khy ukxfjd cuuk fl[kkrh gSA gekjs thou O;ogkj osQ dbZ Lrjksa ij bl rjg dh ekufldrk dh Nki cgqr lkiQ ns[kh tk ldrh gSA ;g gesa ,dkfUrd vkSj vius LokFkks± dks loksZifj le>us okyk] viuh izfr;ksfxrk 'kfDr dks gh lcls vfèkd ojh;rk nsus okyk O;fDr cukrh gSA bl f'k{kk osQ lkeus lcls cM+k iz'u ;g ugha gS fd euq";rk dh j{kk oSQls gks] blosQ foijhr ;s cscqfu;kn fl¼kar gekjh ekufldrk esa cSBk fn;k x;k gS fd f'k{kk vkSj v£tr Kku dk eryc fliZQ viuh lq[k lqfoèkk osQ LokFkks± dks lkèkuk gSA tcfd f'k{kk dk ewyHkwr vk'k; gS O;fDrRo fuekZ.k vkSj O;fDrRo fuekZ.k dk iz;kstu gS&,d ewY; osaQfnzr vkn'kZ lekt lewgA

vkèkqfud f'k{kk O;oLFkk us Ô;fDrRo cuke oSQfj;j* dk iz'u mBkrs gq, vc oSQfj;j dks gh O;fDrRo ekuuk vkSj izpkfjr djuk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA tcfd O;fDrRo dk vFkZ O;fDr dh mu vUrfuZfgr 'kfDr;ksa ls gS tks fdlh vklu fo'ks"k ls Å¡ph&uhph ugha gksrhA O;fDrRo u rks fdlh osQ }kjk lkSaik tk ldrk gS vkSj u gh Nhuk tk ldrk gSA og gekjs Hkhrj dh LoHkkfod rkdrksa dk lgt fodkl vkSj izdk'k

gSA blosQ foijhr oSQfj;j ,d vks<+h gqbZ pht gSA oSQfj;j dks x<+uk iM+rk gS] O;fDrRo dks fodflr djuk iM+rk gSA O;fDrRo dk ,d vFkZ iz'uksa ls Hkjk thou gSA ;s iz'u gh gSa tks ,d Bgjs gq, le; vkSj lekt dks ubZ xfr vkSj fn'kk iznku djrs gaSA oSQfj;j iz'u djuk ugha fl[kkrk] [kksts x;s mÙkjksa osQ lkFk vuq'kklu esa jgus dh dyk fl[kkrk gSA vxj oSQfj;j thfo;ksa dh la[;k vfèkd gqbZ rks lkekftd Hkfo"; dk liuk pwj&pwj gks tkrk gSA orZeku f'k{kk oSQfj;j thfork fl[kkrh gSA og ;g ugha crkrh dh f'k{kk dk vlyh mís'; liQyrk ugha lkFkZdrk gSA mu ewY;ksa dks lkekftd thou esa mrjrs ns[kuk gS ftlls euq";rk dh igpku vkSj j{kk laHko gks losQ vkSj ;g fd f'k{kk dk dke ,d ,sls ekuoh; foosd dk mn; Hkh gS tks vius pkjksa vksj fd vleatliw.kZ] la'k;dkjh vkSj tfVy ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ chp gesa mu lekèkkudkjh mÙkjksa rd igq¡pk losQ tks O;fDr ls ysdj lewg rd osQ fy, vk'oLrdkjh gksaA ^viuh&viuh djuh viuk&viuk Hkksx* mRÑ"V f'k{kk dk eqgkojk dHkh ugha cu losQxkA ,d osQ }kjk fd;s x;s deZ dk tc lewpk lekt lq[kn Hkksx djs rHkh f'k{kk dk cqfu;knh iz;kstu fl¼ gksxkA fdUrq blosQ fy, f'k{kk osQ fo|eku <kapss ij ozQkafrdkjh fuxkg Mkyuh gksxhA

ledkyhu f'k{kk xfr'khyrk osQ ctk; Bgjko esa Hkjkslk djrh gSA blesa u rks vdknfedrk dk lEeku gS] u vuq'kklu vkSj nkf;Roikyu dkA fu"i{krk] ikjn£'krk vkSj lR;rk bldk xq.k ugha gSA xkaèkh th bl f'k{kk dks ysdj dkiQh igys ls dbZ loky mBkrs jgsA mUgksaus


9 flrEcj 1928 esa ûothou* (xqtjkrh) esa fy[kk Fkk ^pfj=k ls igys v{kj Kku dks j[kk tk;sxk rks og mruk gh 'kksHkk ik;sxk vkSj liQy gksxk] ftruk xkM+h osQ ihNs ?kksM+ksa dks j[kdj mldh ukd ls xkM+h <osQyokus dh fozQ;k 'kksHkk nsxh*A muosQ vuqlkj Hkkjr tSls ns'k esa geas fo|kH;kl dh jpuk vkSj dYiuk vyx rjg ls djuh gksxhA ,d ,slh f'k{kk O;oLFkk dk fuekZ.k djuk gksxk ftlesa f'k{kk dk mís'; iSlk dekuk ugha cfYd vPNk balku cukuk vkSj ns'k lsok djuk gksA ysfdu vkt+knh osQ ckn f'k{kk dk oSQlk if'pehdj.k fd;k x;k bldk vuqeku Hkkjrh; lekt foKku osQ firkeg dgs tkus okys ,e- ,u- Jhfuokl osQ xzaFk ^vkèkqfud Hkkjr esa lkekftd ifjorZu* osQ fuEu m¼j.k ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA ^jktuSfrd o lkaLdfrd {ks=k esa if'pehdj.k us u osQoy jk"Vªh;rkokn dks] cfYd iqu#RFkku] lkEiznkf;drk] tkfrokn] rhozrj Hkk"kk;h psruk vksj izknsf'kdrk dks tUe fn;k gS] ifjfLFkfr blfy, vkSj Hkh gSjkuh esa Mkyrh gS fd iqu#RFkkuoknh vkUnksyu vius fopkjkssa osQ izpkj osQ fy, if'peh <ax osQ LowQy&dkWystksa] iqLrd&iqfLrdkvksa vkSj if=kdkvksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA*

;gh ugha ijh{kk iz.kkyh dk gky rks vkSj Hkh cqjk gSA ijh{kk esa iwNs tkus okys iz'u Kku ls f[kld dj lwpukvksa ij vkèkkfjr gks pqosQ gSaA gekjh d{kk,a fpUru dh izfozQ;k dks c<+kok ugha nsrhaA mldk lkjk tksj lwpukvksa osQ laxzg ij gSA vkt lcls vPNk o esèkkoh fo|kFkhZ og gS ftlosQ ikl lcls T;knk lwpuk,a gSaA f'k{kk dks izfr'krksa osQ vkèkkj ij ekius osQ ctk;

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lwpuk osQ ckn Kku vkrk gS vkSj Kku ls fpUru dh vksj c<+k tkrk gSA fpUru ls izkIr Kku cksèk dgykrk gSA ysfdu gekjs f'k{kd o 'kklu Lokèkhu fpUru djus okyksa dks fonzksgh dh Js.kh esa j[krs gaSA os ;g ugha le>rs fd f'k{kk vxj ,d lkaLÑfrd vkpkj gS vkSj blh :i esa ewY; gS rks lcls igys bls LoLFk djuk gksxkA ;g lkspuk gksxk fd f'k{kk O;fDr osQ fy, gS ;k lkekftd y{;ksa osQ fy, O;fDr dk f'k{k.k gS\ ;g loky Hkh mBsxk fd bldk lkekftd y{; D;k gS\ og lekurk] loZèkeZ lnHkko] lfg".kqrk] HkkbZpkjk vkSj vfgalk fl[kkrh gS ;k xyk&dkV LièkkZ vkSj lkekftd cqjkba;ksa dks tl dh rl fLFkfr esa j[kus dk tfj;k gSA

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fdlh Hkh leL;kxzLr lekt osQ fy, f'k{kk dk eryc ;gh gks ldrk gS fd ge vius vkl ikl dh nqfu;k osQ izfr ml ek¡ dh rjg csgn ftEesnkj gks tk,a tks vius dbZ cPpksa osQ chp muosQ lq[k&nq[k dk [;ky j[kus esa gh viuk lq[k le>rh gSA xkaèkhth us ^gfjtu* esa ,d loky mBk;k Fkk fd D;k vki fo|k osQoy ukSdfj;ksa osQ fy, izkIr dj jgs gSa\ fo|k rks ogh gS ftlls eqfDr feys vkSj f'k"Vkpkj vk,A

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bl oDr Hkkjrh; lekt ij lcls rst cq[kkj oS'ohdj.k osQ cgkus if'pehdj.k dk ncko vkSj mlosQ opZLo dks cuk;s j[kus dh dksf'k'kksa dk gSA gekjh f'k{kk osQ lkeus ;g iz'u gksuk pkfg, fd oS'ohdj.k vkSj mnkjhdj.k dh e;kZnk;sa Hkkjr osQ lanHkZ esa D;k gksxh\ f'k{kk esa vkt ekuoh; cksèk dks cpkus vkSj txk, j[kus dh csgn t:jr gSA

lanHkZbl vkys[k esa fn;s x;s izpfyr laLÑr okD;ka'k osn] 'kriFkczkg~e.k] mifu"kn] egkHkkjr] fgrksins'k vkfn ls fy;s

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rkfydk 9

Ø-la- d{kk 5 fØ;kRed 'kksèk ls iwoZ dh fLFkfr

f}rh; ifjdYiuk osQ fØ;kUo;u osQ i'pkr~ fLFkfr

1- ekudvfèkxeLrj;kekudvfèkxeLrjlsmPpLrj

20 31-25 48 75

2- ekudvfèkxeLrjlsfuEuvfèkxeLrj

44 68-75 16 25

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rkfydk 10Øa-la-

fo"k; (ftldh d{kk,a vkt osQ fnu gqb±)

D;k lh[kk\ fdu fcUnqvksa ij mls vkSj Li"Vrk dh vko';drk gS\

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rkfydk 11

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fo"k;xr iQhM cSd(;fn dksbZ mYys[kuh;

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,udMksV (Anecdote)

mYys[kuh; fcUnq (;fn dksbZ gks)

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rkfydk 12

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vfurktks'kh·liukd';i··

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lossZZ{k.k osQ mís';

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esalwpuk,d=kdjukA2- fo|k£Fk;ksa }kjkp;furoSQfj;jy{;ksadh

tkudkjhizkIrdjukA3- fo|k£Fk;ksadhoSQfj;jifjiDork(career

maturity)dkvè;;udjukA4- fo|kfFZk;ksadhoSQfj;joO;kolkf;d#fp

dkvè;;udjukA

5- fo|k£Fk;ksaosQoSQfj;joO;kolkf;dy{;ksaosQ izfr>qdko@izo`fÙk (Tendency)dkvè;;udjukA

6- vè;;uosQvk¡dMksaoifj.kkeksaosQvkèkkjijHkkohdk;Z;kstukrS;kjdjukA

7- fo|k£Fk;ksa dh oSQfj;j fodkl@foLrkj@ifjoèkZu dh vko';drkvksa dh igpkudjukA

8- 'kSf{kd ,oa oSQfj;j lEcUèkh lqèkkjkRed{ks=kksadhigpkudjukA

losZ{k.k fofèk (Survey Method)

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63egkfo|ky; esa vè;;ujr fo|k£Fk;ksa dh dfj;j osQ---

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bllosZ{k.kesao"kZ2011&12esalHkhoxk±s(dyk]foKkUk]okf.kT;)osQLukrdLrjvfUreo"kZ esa izosf'kr fo|k£Fk;ksa dks gh lfEefyrfd;k x;kA vk¡dM+ksa osQ ladYkUk osQ Ik'PkkRk~mudkizfr'krfo'ys"k.kfd;kx;kA

ifj.kke

vk¡dM+ksaosQfo'ys"k.kosQmijkUrizkIrlwpukvksa

rkfydk 1 Lukrd Lrj ij vè;;ujr fo|k£Fk;ksa dk fooj.k

d{kk yM+dksa dh la[;k

izfr'kr yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k

izfr'kr oqQy ijh{k.kTotal Cases

izfr'kr

ch-,l-lh-r`rh; 95 04-59 139 06-72 234 11-31

ch-dkWe-r`rh; 198 09-56 207 10-00 405 19-56

ch-,-r`rh; 428 20-68 1003 48-45 1431 69-13

oqQy 721 34-83 1349 65-17 2070 100-00

osQifj.kkefuEuor~gSaArkfydk 1 osQ vk¡dM+s Lukrd Lrj osQ

Nk=k&Nk=kkvksaosQforj.kdksn'kkZrsgSaArkfydkls Li"V gS fd izR;sd oxZ esa Nk=kkvksa dkiathdj.kNk=kksadhrqyukesavfèkdgSAoqQyiathÑr fo|k£Fk;ksa (2070) dk 65 izfr'krNk=kk,¡ gaSA losZ{k.k esa Lukrd Lrj essa lclsvfèkd izfr'kr (69-13) la[;k ch-,- osQfo|k£Fk;ksadkgSAfoKkuoxZesa11-31izfr'krrFkk okf.kT; oxZ esa 19-56 izfr'kr fo|kFkhZiathÑr gSaA ikbZ js[kkfp=k 1 osQ ekè;e lsvkadMksadkizn'kZufuEuorgS%

ikbZ js[kkfp=k 1% Lukrd Lrj ij fofHkUu oxks± esa Nk=kksa dk Ikzfr'kr

1-ch-,llh-r`rh;

2-ch-dkWe-r`rh;

3-ch-,-r`rh;

1-

2-

3-


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rkfydk 2 firk dk O;olk;

ch-,- r`rh; ch-dkWe- r`rh; ch-,llh- r`rh; oqQy la[;k

izfr'kr

O;olk; dk uke la[;k izfr'kr la[;k izfr'kr la[;k izfr'kr

O;kikj 94 4-54 87 4-20 23 1-11 204 9-86

Ñf"k 636 30-72 67 3-24 58 2-80 761 36-76

ukSdjh@ljdkjh@xSj&ljdkjh 454 21-93 210 10-14 123 5-94 787 38-02

etnwj 119 5-75 11 0-05 11 0-05 141 6-81

dksbZlwpukugha 128 6-18 30 1-45 19 0-92 177 8-55

oqQy 1431 68-79 405 19-56 234 11-64 2070 100-00

rkfydk2egkfo|ky;osQ fo|k£Fk;kssa osQikfjokfjdi`"BHkwfeosQvUrxZrfirkosQO;olk;dks izn£'krdj jghgSSA rkfydkosQvè;;ulsKkrgksrkgS fdlclsvfèkdla[;kmufo|k£Fk;kssadhgSftUgksaus;gfjiksVZfd;kfd

muosQfirkukSdjhis'kkgSaAblosQmijkUr36-76izfr'krfo|k£Fk;kssaosQfirkO;olk;esalayXugaSArkfydkesafjDrLFkkUkosQvUrxZrizn£'krla[;kmufo|k£Fk;ksadhgS ftUgksausiz'ukoyhosQblfcUnqijlwpukughanhA

ikbZ js[kkfp=k 2% fo|k£Fk;ksa osQ firk dk O;olk;

1-O;kikj

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3-2-

4-

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rkfydk 3 ekrk dk O;olk;


izfr'kr

O;olk; dk uke la[;k izfr'kr la[;k izfr'kr la[;k izfr'kr

O;kikj 07 0-34 00 00 00 00 07 0-34

Ñf"k 252 12-17 13 0-63 14 0-68 279 13-48

ukSdjh@ljdkjh@xSj&ljdkjh 16 0-77 25 1-28 04 0-19 45 2-17

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Nk=kk 19-49 8-22 300

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Nk=kk 86-14 20-62 300


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lkj.kh 4

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