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fenix 1
fenix‘… a step towards the future of
electricity networks’
fenix‘… a step towards the future of
electricity networks’
Virtual power Plant Concept in Electrical Networks
J. Corera
Iberdrola Distribution
…on behalf of
fenix 22nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
Introduction to the VPP
fenix 32nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
VPP – FENIX solution to DER integration
• Overall aim: Integrate DER cost effectively in the operation and development of electricity networks– Integration: solving system (network) problems with
DER
• FENIX approach : Virtual Power Plant (VPP) as key delivery mechanism for integration of DER and demand response
fenix 42nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
VPP – analogy with conventional transmission system operation • Large generation is integrated in transmission network
operation and development– At transmission level power plants are the main source of system
control (balance between supply & demand)
– Operators control transmission network flows by modulating outputs of generators
• In the future there will be a large number of small generators connected to the distribution network– DER (and demand response) to provide control of distribution and
transmission networks
– This integration will enhance the value of DER
fenix 52nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
TSO network constraint (congestion) management
=
Overload
fenix 62nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
VPP concept for network control
400 kV
VPP
(G&L)
LG L
G
G
G
400kV
132kV
33kV 11kV
400 kV
P, QP, Q
=
Characteristics:(1) Output (2) Reserve(3) Dynamic response (4) Cost characteristics
11 kV/0.4 kV
LV area 1 LV area 2
TVPP area 1 TVPP area 2
fenix 72nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
VPP – source of control
• VPP as a source of control of T & D Networks
• VPP to be used by DSOs/TSOs to support system operation
– Frequency control (TSO)
– Voltage control (TSO and DSO)
– Flow control (TSO and DSO)
– Stability enhancement (TSO)
– Security and reliability enhancement (TSO and DSO)
fenix 82nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
Example: Alcora substation (20kV)
Cotasafeeder
GRIDSUPPLYPOINT
20 MW
15 MW
0.5 MW 0.5 MW2 MW
2.2 MW
2.1 MW
9.1 MW
13 MW
2 MW
COTASA
10 MW
INCOAZUL
1 MW
ATOMISA
2 MW
TILESA
0.3 MW
0.5 MW 0.5 MW1 MW2 MW
5 MW6 MW
fenix 92nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
Cotasa feeder and generation data
0.5 MW 0.5 MW2 MW
2.2 MW2 MW
COTASA
10 MW
INCOAZUL
1 MW
ATOMISA
2 MW
TILESA
0.3 MW
0.5 MW 0.5 MW1 MW2 MW
REST OF THE
NETWORK
Pset Pmin Pmax Qmin Qmax Offers Bids*scheduled (MW) (MW) (MVAr) (MVAr) *Inc *Dec
(MW) (MW) (MW) (MVAr) (MVAr) (€/MWh) (€/MWh)1 COTASA 10 2 15.7 -12 12 60 102 INCOAZUL 0.96 0 1 -0.5 0.5 50 103 TILESA 0.29 0.25 0.3 0 0 40 104 ATOMISA 2 1 8 -4 4 30 10
Total: 13.25 3.25 25 -16.5 16.5
Index DG name
fenix 102nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
PQ diagram of Cotasa VPP
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
PG VPP (MW)
Rea
ctiv
e C
apab
ility
(MV
Ar)
fenix 112nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
Re-dispatch cost function of VPP
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 5 10 15 20 25
PG VPP (MW)
R (C
ost)
fenix 122nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
Project FENIX
fenix 132nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
• FENIX is an European collaborative project, partly funded by the European Commision within the 6th Framework Programme for Research
• It was launched in October 2005 and its duration is 4 years
• 20 partners are involved
• The total budget is 14,7 MEuro
FENIX Project coordinates
fenix 142nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
FENIX partners
•2 TSO
•3 DSO
•4 Manufacturers
•3 ICT specialists
•7 R&D centers &
Universities
•1 Business
consultant
fenix 152nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
FENIX Challenges
• Identify potential present (and future) contribution of DER to networks that can be performed at advantageous cost (see Fenix at poster session).
• Identify network needs and the way to satisfy them using DER
• Revise regulations, incentive mechanisms and contractual relationships between the different participants (DER, aggregators, network operators and markets), to enhance DER contribution to the network with a fair economic return
• Investigate aggregation (VPP) so the limited size of DER and their non-deterministic behaviour limitations can be overcome
• Develop the ICT architecture to make it work:– At DER level: FENIX box– At VPP level: DEMS systems– At system operators: revision of EMS and DMS tools
fenix 162nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
Challenges in characterising VPP
• VPP is a complex “generating” plant
– Diversity of technology and locations–electricity led, heat led CHP, weather condition driven output
– Characteristics of demand (process, amount of storage, load recovery patterns)
– Inter-temporal dependencies
• Uncertainty
– VPP output, reserve capabilities and dynamic response characteristics (wide range of time horizons to be considered – from seconds, minutes to hours)
– Role and value of ICT to facilitate VPP and reduce uncertainty (data management and forecasting tools)
fenix 172nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
Fenix players
Households CHP
Wind farmsIndustrial & commercial
FENIX software
Energy MarketsDistribution
System Operators
Transmission System Operator
Aggregators
fenix 182nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
Fenix agent functionality and architecture
fenix 192nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
VPP Functionality: Market and System Management participation (UK pilot context)
fenix 202nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
VPP Functionality & Interaction
• Fenix Box & VPP
– Optimise position of local of DER and demand, transmit data on DER position and operating parameters, costs etc.
• CVPP (Commercial Virtual Power Plant)
– Aggregates output from Fenix Box/VPP (before market closure)
– Facilitates access to wholesale electricity markets– Reduces imbalance risk
• TVPP (Technical Virtual Power Plant)
– Aggregates output and BOAs from Fenix Box/VPP (at market closure and during system balancing)
– Facilitates access to transmission system balancing congestion management markets
– Manages local constraints on distribution system – Facilitates access to scheduled ancillary services markets
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Scalability: from few to million units
Meter
Fenix Box Type 1
Level 2Aggregation(10 to 100 units per level 1 aggregator)
Level 1Metering(10 to 500 units perlevel 2 aggregator)
Fenix Box Type 2
G(Few MW)
L(100kW)
Level 3Aggregation(100 to 5000 units)
Service to Market Stakeholders
Internet
Level 4DEMS – EMS - DMS
Fenix Box Type 3
L(100kW)
G(100kW)
Local Plant
ControlSmart Meter
Smart Meter
DG Controller
VPP Concentrator
fenix 222nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
Fenix deployments:pilot in Spain
fenix 232nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
Alava DSO – 30/13,2kV simplified networkAlava DSO – 30/13,2kV simplified network
ELGUEAELGUEA
GAMARRAGAMARRAALIALI
ALSASUAALSASUA
JUNDIZJUNDIZ
PUENTELARRAPUENTELARRA
GGGG
DER (CHP) MW
Transformer 220/30 kV - TSO-DSO Boundary
DER (Wind farms) MW
Capacitors MVAR
14,4 x 2 Mvar
14,4 x 2 Mvar 14,4 Mvar
5,4 x 4 Mvar
Capacitors – 96,6 Mvar
GG
GG
GG
GG
GG
GUASCOR
HOSPITAL
GOJAIN MICHELIN
12 MW
2,0 MW
2,7 MW
TXAGORRITXU0,5 MW
47 MW
GG
GG
GGENVIROIL
HOLZLAN
SEARSA
2,0 MW
1,0 MW
2,7 MW
Transformation 30/13,2 kV
GG Small Hydro units MW
Several DER 5 MW
13,2 kV
GG ELGUEA30 MW
GGBADAIA
50 MW
GGURKILLA
32 MW
GG
GG
GG
GG
GG
GG
DER – 168 MVA Installed capacity
fenix 242nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
TSOTSO
Southern Scenario
DSODSO
GG
G
G
G
G
GGGG GG
Conventional generatorsConventional generators
InterconnectionsInterconnections
loadsloads
G DER goingto the market
DER goingto the market
G
FenixFenixMarketMarket
The goal is to manage DER to provide as much services asthe conventional generators do
Active powerTertiary reserveReactive powerAncillary services
Active powerTertiary reserveReactive powerAncillary services
fenix 252nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
Providing global services (TSO level)1- Selling large amount of active power in the day ahead market
2- Tertiary reserve, balancing market
Providing local services (DSO level)3- Selling reactive power capacity (PO7.4) (4.3.6.)
4- Help maintaining voltages in lines
Providing local services in emergency situations (to be simulated)5- Use active power generation to avoid load shedding (PO 6.1), help keeping
supply in local constrains, ….
In every use case DSO and TSO should validate feasibility in the proposed solutions: n-1, quality of service (±7% voltage) and overloads
What will be demonstrated?
fenix 262nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
Fenix deployments:pilot in UK
fenix 272nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
Woking Network
Woking Primary 33/11kV 24MVACivic Offices 0.11MW CHP (gas)
Town Centre CHP 1.8MW CHP (gas)
Horsell Primary 33/11kV 16MVABrockhill Sheltered Housing 30kW PV export
Old Woking Primary 33/11kV 12MVABT, Telephone Exchange 0.8MW diesel gen.
Priors Croft Nos 1-32 22kW CHP (gas)
Woking Pool in the Park 20kW PV panel
0.2MW fuel cell
0.95MW CHP (gas)
fenix 282nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
Woking
Old Woking
Horsell
fenix 292nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
Glass Moor Wind Farm
• 8 x 2MW wind turbines
• Metering at the interface and at Peterborough Grid 132/33kV
• The operator has little awareness of his operation
FB
Fenix Concentrator
Peterborough Grid 132/33kV
fenix 302nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
Deployment over the Northern Scenario
PV Cell
L2L1
G3
VPP Concentrator 1 & 2
Fenix Box
VPP Concentrator 3 (Existing CHP SCADA)
Fenland Glass Moor Windpark(8 Re-Power MM2 2MW each – total 16MW)
EDF Energy
DEMSSCADA
G1G1G1G1
Woking CHP Portfolio (total 4MW)
Woking Swimming Pool & Imperial College Labs
Woking Council & EDF Energie Nouvelle
Internet Wind generation
DEMS Application Server
Hor
sell
SS
G2
G1 Wok
ing
SS
Old Woking SS
33KV
11KV
VPP Concentrator Box 4
Load under Demand Response
Load under Demand Side Management
Web Access
fenix 312nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
Conclusions
fenix 322nd Conference on Integration of Renewable andDistributed Energy Resources
Conclusions
• If we want DER to effectively replace central, conventional generation, they have to contribute to system needs
• Fenix is a first step, however a lot of changes have to take place:– Regulatory frameworks have to promote DER
contribution– DER Technology was not developed with this aim,
however, and provided the limitations imposed by the nature of DER, efficient support to the system is possible (example Voltage control)
– International awareness is required
• Aggregation will be required to handle large DER penetration