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Scientific Excellence· Resource Protection & Conservation· Benefits for Canadians Excellence scientifique • Protection et conservation des ressources • Benefices aux Canadians
Analysis of Continuous Plankton Recorder Data in the Northwest Atlantic 1959..1992
R. A. Myers, N. J. Barrowman, G. Mertz, J. Gamble, and H. G. Hunt
Science Branch Department of Fisheries and Oceans Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre P.O. Box 5667 St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5X1
1994
Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1966
Fisheries Peches and Oceans et Oceans 1+1 Canada
Canadian Te chnical Report of Fi rherie and vquatic Science
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Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1966
'-~
1994
Analysis of Continuous Plankton Recorder Data in the Northwest Atlantic
1959 - 1992
by
Ransom A . Myers
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Science Branch P.O. Box 5667, St. John's, NF, A1C 5X1 Canada
Nicholas J. Barrowman
Seaconsult Ltd., P.O. Box 2035, Station C, 200 White Hills Road, St. John's, NF, A1C 5R6 Canada
Gordon Mertz
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Science Branch P.O . Box 5667, St. John's, NF, A1C 5X1 Canada
John Gamble and Harold G. Hunt
The Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science c/o Plymouth Marine Laboratory
Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PLI 3DH, U.K. " "
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@Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1994 Cat. No. Fs 97-6/1966E ISSN 0706-6457
Correct citation for this publication: Myers, R. A., N. J. Barrowman , G. Mertz, J . Gamble, and H. G. Hunt . 1994. Analysis of Continuous Plankton Recorder Data in the Northwest Atlantic 1959-1992. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1966: iii + 246 p.
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ABSTRACT
Myers, R. A., N. J. Barrowman, G. Mertz, J. Gamble, and H. G. Hunt. 1994. Analysis of Continuous Plankton Recorder Data in the Northwest Atlantic 1959-1992. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1966: iii + 246 p.
Data from the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) surveys in the Northwest Atlantic were examined to determine seasonal cycles and longterm trends. This report provides maps of abundance by year, month, and species. In addition, sub-regions are defined and the data analyzed for the presence of seasonal cycles and interannual variability. Particular attention is paid to three plankton categories: Phytoplankton colour index, Calanus stages I-IV, and Calanus stages V-VI, The seasonal cycle and long term trends of each of the species that have been consistently processed are included. The decline in phytoplankton and zooplankton seen in. the Northeast Atlantic from the 1950's to 1979 is seen throughout the region for most species.
RESUME
Myers; R. A., N. J . Barrowman, G. Mertz, J. Gamble, and H. G. Hunt. 1994. Analysis of Continuous Plankton Recorder Data in the Northwest Atlantic 1959-1992. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1966: iii + 246 p.
On a etudie les donnees des enquetes "Continuous Plankton Recorder" (CPR) dans l'Atlantique nord-ouest pour determiner les cycles saisonniers et les tendances a long-terme. On a groupe les cartes d 'abondance par an, par mois, et par espece. En plus , on a defini des sous-regions et analyse les donnees pour voir les cycles saisonniers et la variabilite entre annees . On a etudie en particulier trois categories de plancton: l'index de couleur de phytoplancton, les stages I-IV de Calanus, et les stages V-VI de Calanus. On a inclu Ie cycle saisonnier et les tendances it long-terme pour chaque espece qui a ete analyse regulierement. On voit Ie declin de phytoplancton et de zooplancton dans l'Atlantique nord-est des annees cinquante it 1979 a travers cette region pour la plupart des especes.
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INTRODUCTION
The Continous Plankton Recorder (Hardy 1939), or CPR, is one of the most important methods for assessing long term biological changes in the ocean. The extensive data collected in the Northeast Atlantic have been analyzed in detail (Colebrook 1978, 1982, 1986). The purpose of this report is to examine the data from the Northwest Atlantic. We will determine if the long-term trends detected in the Northeast Atlantic are apparent in the Northwest.
Coverage of the Northwest Atlantic by the CPR began in 1959 and continued until 1986. Coverage was renewed in 1991 with one transect through the region approximately once a month. Although the coverage in the Northwest is not as extensive as it is in the Northeast , it still represents an enormous number of samples -..:. over 17000 samples west of 40°, each of which represents approximately 3 cubic meters of water filtered (Jossi and Goulet, 1993). This should be sufficient to detect long-term changes.
Colebrook (1978) reported negative trends in the principal component scores for phytoplankton and zooplankton over the north-east Atlantic and the North sea until 1979, when the trend reversed. Jossi and Goulet (1993) reported positive trends for Calanus jinmarchicus in the Gulf of Maine, but found no consistent trends in other copepod species.
The CPR has been used in long-term surveys in the North Atlantic since 1948 (Glover 1967) . The recorder is towed by merchant ships and weather ships along a number of standard routes. It travels at a nominal standard depth of about 10 m; the true average depth is 6.7± 1.7 m (Hays and Warner, 1993). Water is sampled through an aperture and suspended organisms are then trapped in a slowly moving band of silk. A sample is obtained from a section of the silk representing 18.5 km (10 nautical miles; represents 3m3
of water filtered) of towing which is examined microscopically to identify . and count the trapped organisms (Edinburgh , Oceanographic Laboratory,
1973) .
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In a description of standard CPR data processing, Colebrook (1975, pp .126,128) noted that
Most organisms are identified at the level of species, some as varieties or sub-species, others at coarser levels such as genus •or family; some of the counts are summed to produce estimates of, for example, total copepods, and total phytoplankton is estimated from the green colour of the collecting silks.
These groupings are referred to as taxa (singular: taxon) throughout this report.
DATA AND METHODS
The data analyzed in this report extend from 1959 to 1992. For several reasons, the sampling was uneven on both spatial and temporal scales. These reasons include the very nature of the CPR survey, variation in shipping routes, and funding difficulties. In particular, there was little sampling in the Northwest Atlantic during the period 1979-1990. Sampling also tended to be sparse during the winter months .
In other reports (e.g. Edinburgh, Oceanographic Laboratory, 1973), the CPR counts were transformed logarithmically [y = 10glO(X + 1)], and geometric means were used. However, because of the arbitrary addition of 1 in the above transformation, the transformed abundance does not scale with the true abundance. In this report we avoid this potential difficulty by using the uri-transformed counts and arithmetic means.
Colebrook (1986) used principle component analysis to determine trends in abundance of a large number of species. We have not used such an exploratory analysis because our purpose is to test an a priori hypothesis: that the trends seen in species in the northwest Atlantic are also seen in the northeast Atlantic. •
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Although over 300 different taxa were tabulatedin the CPR survey; we analyze only about 50 standard taxa. Many of the others are extremely rare and/or were tabulated irregularly. These standard taxa were taken (with some changes) from "A list of the species and other entities selected for routine annual data processing" (Table II, Colebrook 1975).
SEASONAL CYCLES
For a given taxon, let the the number of samples in year y and month m be n ym, and let the i-th observed count be Yymi. The mean count in month m is denoted Ym . That is,
- Lyi Y ym i Ym = . (1)
Lynym
The set of monthly means {YI , . . . , Y12 } is refered to as the seasonal cycle.
LONG-TERM TRENDS
Long- term trends in abundance were analyzed using a weighted least-squares regression. For each taxon in each sub-region, anomalies were obtained by subtracting the seasonal cycle from the observed counts. Let the the number of samples in year y and month m be n ym, and let the i-th observed count be Y ym i' The corresponding anomaly Aymi is given by
Aymi = Yymi - Y m. (2)
The mean anomaly for year y is then given by
- - Lmi AymiA y- . (3)
Lmnym
To aid in the interpretation of these anomalies, they were standardized by dividing by their standard deviations, i.e,
(4) II
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. The standardized annual mean anomaly was modelled as a linear function of year,
Sy = /.L + f3y + e (5)
where /.L is the overall mean, f3 is the regression coefficient for year, and e is a noise term; with weights given by the number of samples in each year, i.e.
• W y = l:nym. (6)
m
The sign of f3 gives the direction of long-term change in abundance, and the corresponding t-statistic gives the significance of the trend.
Weighted regressions as described above were performed for all of the standard taxa in all of the standard sub-regions for the range of years with the most concentrated sampling, 1959-1978 (Table 1).
To test the hypothesis that the long-term trend has been negative, one sided p-values may be combined across k regions or taxa using Fisher's method (Fisher 1954).
Since the p-values from the regressions relate to the test of the null hypothesis that f3 = 0 versus the alternative hypothesis that f3 -# 0 (i.e. a two-sided test), the p-values must first be transformed so as to represent the test with alternative hypothesis that f3 < 0 (i.e. a one-sided test). Therefore
. _ { ~Ptwo-sided if f3 < 0 (7) Pone-sided - 1 - lp . if f3 > 0 2 two-sided
The one-sided p-values may now be combined using Fisher's method (Fisher 1954). We compute
(8)
which has, as null distribution, X2 with 2k degrees of freedom. Thus a combined p-value is readily obtained.
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GEOGRAPHICAL SUB-REGIONS DEFINED FOR THE ANALYSIS
Several geographical sub-regions were defined for the analysis presented here • (Fig. 1). Sub-regions on the continental shelf were based on the divisions
defined by theNorthwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO). However, unlike the NAFO divisions, the sub-regions were truncated so as not to extend beyond the shelf. Several offshore sub-regions were also defined ; their extent and locations were determined in part by the density of sampling (Fig. 1).
RESULTS
CPR sampling of the Northwest Atlantic was uneven and often sparse (Fig. 1, Fig. 4). A number of regions were not sampled, in particular those outside of commercial shipping lanes. Sampling was most intense during the mid to late 1960 's.
Observed seasonal cycles vary considerably between sub-regions and species (Fig. 2 and 5). Some cycles exhibit single peaks (e.g. Thalassiosira spp in sub-region 3K), while others show multiple peaks (e.g. Thalassiosira spp. in sub-region 3K, Calanus V-VI in sub-region 3Ps). The seasonal cycles of Phytoplankton colour index, Calanus stages I-IV, and Calanus stages V-VI vary considerably between regions (Fig. 4). There is also evidence of interannual variability (Fig. 5).
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SEASONAL CYLES
Phytoplankton
The variability in the seasonal cycle of phytoplankton can three categories:
be broken into
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(1) A single sharp spring peak with a smaller fall peak. This is the most common pattern observed. (2) A single broad peak with a maximum in the spring. This pattern is seen in the tidally mixed 4X region. It is also seen in the tidal regions of the North Sea (Gieskes and Kraay 1977, Colebrook 1982a). (3) A strong double peak in which the fall peak is as large or larger than the spring peak. This is seen in 2J and 3K, and possibly in OS3 and 5Y.
The spring peak is nearly always dominated by diatoms, and the summer minimum and fall peak are usually dominated by dinoflagelates. An exception to this pattern is seen in the Northern shelf regions, 2J and 3K, where the fall peak appears to be composed mainly of diatoms. Note the strong fall bloom of the genus Thalassiosirsa in the northern shelf region, i.e. 2J and 3L.
LONG-TERM TRENDS
Phytoplankton
In this section we examine long term trends from refer to recent changes in some cases.
1959 to 1978. We will
Phytoplankton colour shows no long-term changes that are consistent ..
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in all regions. 083 shows a nominally significant increase (p=0.005). The colour index has been very high in the 90's in most regions.
When all diatoms are combined, i.e. individual diatom species counts are summed, there is a negative trend in most shelf regions. The combined significance test for a general decrease in diatoms for the shelf regions is very strong. There is virtually no trend in the offshore regions. The increase in ocean colour in 083 is not reflected in the diatoms.
The diatom Skeletoneina costatum shows a negative trend in all shelf regions except 31. The trend is very significant overall when the shelf regions are combined .
The diatom Thalassiosirsa decreases in all regions with the exception of 4X; again the trend is significant when combined. There are a few years that appear to be exceptional, e.g. an increase in 1991 in 31.
The diatom Dactyliosolen mediterraneus is generally too sparse to examine trends in most regions; however, there appears to be a general decrease in the offshelf regions.
Diatoms of the genus Rhizosolenia do not show any strong trends that are consistent in all regions. However, there is a general decrease.
Diatoms of the genus Chaetoceros generally show a decrease over the period in most regions, but with a return to average or above average conditions in recent years.
The diatoms Thalassiothrix longissima, Thalassionema nitzchioides, Nitzschia seriate, Navicula planamembranacea show negative trends overall.
Eight dinoflagelates of the genus Ceratium were consistently sampled. This genus is seen mainly during the summer and fall. There appear to be relatively few strong long term trends in these series although most of the
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slopes are negative.
There are patterns that are not readily explainable. There was an increase in phytoplankton colour in OS3 from 1963 to 1973, and yet most of the individual plankton species for the region decreased during this period in OS3. It is unclear how to interpret this increase in colour. It may be .. that the increase is caused by species that are not normally identified in the CPR analysis.
Zooplankton
Total copepods show a negative trend in all of the shelf sub-regions except the northern sub-region 2J. There is also a strong negative trend in OS3 . The negative trend in total copepods is caused by a decrease in the common genera of Pseudocalanus, Paracalanus and Temora . The copepod Pseudocalanus elongatus shows a negative trend in all regions except 2J; the trend is statistically significant in two regions. A similar trend is seen in the earier stages, the combined genus Pseudocalanus and Paracalanus, in which the two genera cannot be separated.
Temora longicornis has a significantly negative decrease overall, and separately in 3L, 3Ps, and 4V.
The copepod Calanus finmarchicus shows a negative trend in the northern regions, a slight positive trend in the south, and no major trends in between. None of these trends are statistically significant.
No consistent trends were seen in the copepods Centropages typicus, Euchaeta norvegica, Metridia lucens, and Acartia.
Species of the copepod genera, Pleuromamma, Neocalanus, Rhinocalanus, and Candacia appear to have decreased in each of the off shelf regions during the 1960's and 70's.
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Euphausiacea appears to have declined in the north (2J, 3K, 3L, LSI) and shows no other consistent trends except perhaps an increase in 3N) during the 1979's.
• The cladocean genera, Podon and Evadne decreased in most regions; however, these changes were small.
The amphipod family, Hyperiidea, the pelagic gastropod, Clione limacina, and Chaetognatha's shows no long term trend that is consistent over a wide geographic region.
DISCUSSION
LONG TERM TRENDS
Many patterns of long-term variability in plankton are detectable across the North Atlantic. It appears that the plankton part of the ecosystem may be responding to large-scale changes in the environment. Diatoms have decreased in the North Sea and the northeast Atlantic from approximately the mid 1960's to the mid 1980's, with an increase in recent years (Reid et al. 1990). This basic pattern is also seen in the Northwest Atlantic where the major diatom species, e.g. Thalassiosirsa and Chaetoceros, have decreased.
The dinofiagelates of the genus Ceratium show little relationship with the patterns in the diatoms in the northeast Atlantic, and do not show the long-term decline. This is also consistent with our results for the northwest Atlantic.
Phytoplankton colour shows little evidence for long-term trends in the northeast Atlantic except for an increase in the southern North sea (Reid et al. 1990). This again is consistent with our results. We had little evidence of trends except for OS3, which is south of Flemish Cap. In the North Sea
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the changing ratio of "colour" to diatoms is caused by a relative increase in phytoplankton groups that contribute to the colouration of the silk but
. are not recorded in the CPR analysis (e.g. microflagellates, small or fragile diatoms, Gieskes and Kraay 1977).
Colebrook has analyzed temporal trends in zooplankton in the Northeast Altantic and North Sea in a long series of papers (Colebrook 1986). In general, he finds a decrease until approximately 1980, and then an increase. Our analysis clearly shows that the decrease in total copepods in the North Sea and northeast Atlantic is also seen in the northwest Atlantic (Table 1). The total copepod count is dominated in most shelf regions by Pseudocalanus and Paracalanus. These species show the largest declines in both the Northwest and the Northeast (Colebrook 1982) of any copepod. Jossi and Goulet (1993) found no trend in Pseudocalanus for the Gulf of Maine and southern Nova Scotia shelf. In these southern regions (4X and 5Y) our trends were not statistically significant and appeared to have no trend in the overlapping period; thus, our results are not inconsistent with theirs.
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The copepod Calanus finmarchicus shows strong negative trends in the North sea (Colebrook 1985), positive trends in the Gulf of Maine and southern Nova Scotia shelf Jossi and Goulet (1993) . There was no consistent trend or significant trends in our study region .
The decline in total copepods is not seen for the copepod genus A cartia either in the North sea (Colebrook 1985) or the Northwest Atlantic.
Colebrook (1985) found a negative trend in the amphipod family, Hyperiidea, Euphausiacea and in the North Sea and Northwest Atlantic, whereas we find no significant trends in the Northwest Atlantic expect for a negative trends in the offshore region for Euphausiacea and a positive trend for Euphausiacea in 3NO and 3Ps, and a positive trend in 3Ps for Cha etognathas.
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MECHANISMS
The mechanisms responsi ble for these trends are far .from clear. The trends in the northeast Atlantic appear to be correlated with "westerly weather" over Britain (Colebrook 1986)or "North winds" (Dickson et al. 1988). Neither correlation is fully satisfactory. The relationship with westerly weather has high coherence only at low frequencies, where there are inherently few degrees of freedom. If the correlation is caused by a simple causal relationship we would expect the coherence to exist at all frequencies below the annual period. There has been no link with the observations of ocean structure that would allow us to reject any of the proposed mechanisms. Furthermore, neither explanation accounts for the observation that the CPR estimation of ocean colour, which is correlated with chlorophyl (Hays and Lindley 1994), has not decreased. Thus, any mechanism that explains the decline in diatoms must also explain why other phytoplankters have not declined.
For example, Dickson et al. (1988) suggested the main mechanism controlling plankton abundance is the degree of stratification that controls the timing of the spring bloom. This mechanism requires several "tight" linkages between weather, nutrients, diatoms, and zooplankton. First, windstress must control the degree of spring stratification. Second, the degree of spring stratification must control the spring bloom of diatoms. Third, the spring bloom of diatoms must control the production of several species of zooplankton.
The Colebrook (1986) theory offers a different hypothesis: that the diatom bloom is controlled by the zooplankton abundance. That is, Colebrook suggests a top-down control of the ecosystem as....opposed to bottom-up control. He suggest that the key mechanism that controls zooplankton abundance is the survival of the overwintering population.
There are several questions that remain unanswered about the trends seen in the CPR data set. Mann (1993) has argued that the interannual variability in survival of young marine fish is controlled primarily through the food chain. If this is so, the long-term trends seen in the CPR data
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should be reflected in fish production; however, no such firm links -have yet been established (Brander 1992).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..
The data were provided by the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science . We-thank the Northern Cod Science program for financial assistance.
REFERENCES
Aebischer , N.J. , Coulson, J.C. and Colebrook, J.M . 1990. Parallel long term trends across four marine trophic levels and weather. Nature 347: 753-755.
Brander , K. 1992. A re-examination of the rela tionship between cod recruitment and Calanus finmarchi cus in the North Sea. ICES mar. Sci. Symp., 195: 393-401.
CPR Survey Team, the. 1992. Continuous plankton records: Sea in the 19805. - ICES mar. Sci. Symp., 19.',): 243-248.
the North
Colebrook, J .M. 1960. Continuous plankton records : methods of analysis, 1950-59. Bull. Mar. Ecol., 5: 51-64.
Colebrook, J .M. and Robinson, G.A. 1965. Continuous plankton records: seasonal cycles of phytoplankton and copepods in the north-eastern Atlantic and North Sea. Bull . Mar. Ecol., 6: 123-139.
Colebrook, J .M. 1975. Continuous plankton recorder survey: Automatic data processing methods. Bulletin of Marine Ecology, 8: 123-142.
Colebrook, J .M. 1975. Continuous plankton recorder survey: computer simulation studies of some aspects of the design of the survey. Bull. mar. Ecol. , 8: 143-166. •
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Colebrook, J .M. 1978. Continuous plankton records: Zooplankton and environments, North- East Atlantic and North Sea, 1948-1975. Oceanologica Acta, 1: 9-23.
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Colebrook, J.M. and Taylor, A.H. 1984. Significant time scales of long-term variability in the plankton and the environment. Rapp, P-v. Reun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, 183: 20-26.
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Cushing, D.J. 1990. Plankton production and year-class strength in fish populations: an update of the match/mismatch hypothesis. Adv. Mar. Biol., 26: 249-293.
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14
Edinburgh, Oceanographic Laboratory, 1973.-Continuous Plankton Records: A Plankton Atlas of the North Atlantic and the North Sea. Hull Bull. mar. Ecol., 7,1-174.
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Hays, G. C. and J. A. Lindley. 1994. Estimating chlorophyll a abundance from the 'phytoplankton colour' recorded by the Continuous Plankton Recorder survey: validation with simultaneous fiurometry. J. Plankton Research 16: 23-34.
Hays, G. G. and A. J . Warner. 1993. Consistency of towing speed and sampling depth for the Continuous Plankton Recorder. J. mar. bioI. Ass. U.K, ,73 ,967-970.
Gieskes , W.W. and Kraay, G.W. 1977. Continuous plankton records: changes in the plankton of the North Sea and its eutrophic southern bight from 1948 to 1975. Neth. J. Sea Res., 11: 334-364.
Glover, R. S. 1967. The Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey of the north Atlantic. Symp , Zool. Soc. Lond. , 19, 189-210.
Jossi , J.W., and Goulet, J.R. 1993. US north-east shelf ecosystem and adjacent regions differ from north-east Atlantic and North Sea - ICES J. mar. Sci., 50: 303-313.
Mann , K. H. 1993. Physical oceanography, food chains, and fish stocks: a review. ICES J. mar Sci. 50: 105-119.
Rae, K. M. 1952. Continuous Plankton Records: explanation and methods, 1946-1949. Hull Bull. mar. Ecol. , 3,135-155.
Reid , P.C. 1975. Large scale changes in North Sea phytoplankton. Nature, 257: 217-219.
Reid, P.C. 1977. Continuous plankton records: changes in the composition and abundance of the phytoplankton of the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean and North Sea, 1958-1974. Mar. Biol. , 40: 337-339.
•
15
Reid , P.C. 1978. Continuous plankton records: large-scale changes in the abundance of phytoplankton in the North Sea from 1958 to 1973. Rapp. P.-v. Reun. Cons. Int . Explor. .Mer , 172: 384-389.
Reid , P.C. , Robinson , G.A. and Hunt , H.G . .1987. Spatial and temporal patterns of marine blooms in the Northeastern Atlantic and North Sea from the continuous plankton recorder survey. Rapp Pi-v. Reun. Cons . Int. Explor. Mer, 187: 27-37.
Robinson, G.A. 1961. Continuous Plankton Records: contributions towards a plankton atlas of the north-eastern Atlantic and North Sea. Part I Phytoplankton. Bull. mar. Ecol., 42(V): 81-89 plus plates XV-XX.
Robinson, G.A. 1970. Continuous Plankton Records: variation in the seasonal cycle of phytoplankton in the North Atlantic. Bull. Mar. Ecol., 4: 333-345.
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16
Taylor, A.H., Harbour, D.S., Harris. .R~P., Burkhill, P.H. and Edwards, E.S . 1993. Seasons succession in the pelagic ecosystem of the North Atlantic and utilization of nitrogen . J. Plankton Res., 15: 875-891.
.
Tables
Table 1. Scaled slop es of weighted regressions of standardized annual mean anomaly versus year (1959-1978) by region and taxon. The slopes were scaled by a factor of 1000; thus a scaled slope gives the change in abundance in thousandth 's of a standard deviation per year. ('"significant that slope = a at p < 0.1; **significant th at slope = a at p < 0.05 ; **'"significant that slope = a at p < 0.01) Also: combined significance levels for the hypothesis that the slope is > a by taxon for shelf sub-regions (2J, 3K, 31, 3NO, 3Ps, 4V, 4W, 4X, and 5Y), offshelf sub-regions (1S1, OS2, and OS3), and for all sub-regions. Not e that the combined significance tests use one-sided p-values, whereas the individual signifi cance tests are two-sided .
2J 31" :.J L 3N O 3 Ps -tV -tW ·IX 5Y LSI O S2 O S3 s he lf offsh el f all
Phytopl ankton co lour -44 62· 10 38 -81 18 54 25 -17 24 15 233·· · 0.695 0 .952 0.884 Ske let ouema cos t at urn - 40 -17 22 -8 -122· -138·· - 11 2 · · -77 -21 0 .001 0.001 Thalass ios ira spp . -103·· -25 -77· -33 -129·· -4 ":2 7 -97 -62 -24 -46 0.001 0 .151 0.001 D acryl iosoleu medirerr-aneus 29 -120' -80 -144 0.091 0 .037 0.020 Rh izosolen ia imbr ica. sh rubso lei 47 0.892 0 .892 Rhizo so lenia styli forrn is -25 27 -7 -58 -68 -2 -67 -21 47 -30 0 .208 0.611 . 0 ,317 Rhizoso lenia hebet at a semispin a -19 83 56 115' 17 - 89 - 108 11 -52 35 1 42 0.429 0 .842 0.631 Hhizo so lenia a lata a lar a -52 55 -99· -31 -33 -98 29 -209" 0.037 0 .089 0 .017
Rhi zosolenia alata inerrnis -77" - 3 8 5 110 0.034 0 .811 0 .150 Chaerocerosi Hya lochaere ) spp. - 9 4 · ' -19 13 -18 -156'" - 110 · - 13 9 · -109' -138' - 20 -2 62 0.000 0 .636 0 .000
Chaeroce rost P haeoceros ) spp. -2 66 61 - 37 -145'" - 22 19 -16 - 10 6 40 2~ 47 0.067 0 .926 0 .198 Thal ass io t hr ix lc ngissima -43 7 2 85 -88' . - 89 - 1 27 ' - 70 -107 -24 49 82 0 .006 0 .801 0 .024 Th alasaionema nitzsch ioides -9 33 - 64 -93 -131" - 13 1 ' " - 80 - 12 -151" -54 -98'· 25 0.000 0 .067' 0 .000
Nitzschia se riat a -81' -70" - 55 94 -31 - 120 · · - 155 " - 15 2 ' -111' -39 0.000 0 .072 ' 0 .000
Nitz schia de licat iss ima - 89 -109· 11 45 -52 - 20 6 ' " '52 -24 -176' 0 .002 0 .123 0 .001
Navicul a planarnembrana cea -88 -146·' 52 39 0.005 0 .959 0 .048 Diat o ms -107··· -15 - 17 11 -145'" -57 - 45 -32 -122' -13 6 7 0 .000 0 .624 0 .001
Cerat iuru fusu s 41 66· -76 -5 19 - 60 - 14 -58 -39 -34 65 21 0 .401 0.659 0 .621 Cerat iurn fur ca 18 61 - 6 5 0 .566 0.656
Ce rat ium lineat urn -84 18 -124 0.240 0 .116. 0 .133
Ce rat ium tripo s 40 - 13 15 -34 52 75 - 24 -78 - 20 -95 0 .706 0 .204 0.566 Ce rat iurn rna croceros 11 4 112' 6 0 '.874 0 .522 ' 0.879
Ce rat iurn horridum 15 10 -16 - 8 4 39 - 57 -136 0.395 0 .106 ' '0 . 249
Cerat.iurn longipes 26 -10 - 79 · -74 -22 - 44 - 43 -99 29 -23 -71 0 .085 0 .294 0 .084
Cerat iurn arct icurn - 27 - 118 · ' - 50 -28 -3 3 3 - 7 5 94 -55 ' 80· 109 0 .116 0 .719 0 .225
Cerat ia -5 - 93 ' - 9 6 · ' - 18 - 28 -17 35 - 4 1 -41 -51 47 -41 0 .082 0 .472 0 .117
Total COpe pods 42 - 10 - 10 2 " -131 -129" - 9 5 - 69 - 6 1 - 66 45 43 - 216 " 0 .001 0 .134 0 .000
Calanus fin . finma rchicus -32 -25 -39 - 42 84 61 17 86 2 - 20 -31 66 0 .746 0 .440 0 .720
Calanus helgola ndicus -12 0 .460 0 .460
Calanus fin , glacia lis -51 104 -21 -169 -10 26 61 11 -120 32 6 90 0 .228 0 .892 0 .440
Calanus I·I V 52 -4 -58 -57 -31 74 - 3 4 -83 -70 56 43 - 20 2 ' 0 .108 0 .260 . 0.097
Calanus V· VI To tal -33 -25 -34 -42 84 62 17 86 1 -20 -29 59 0 .762 0 .460 0.743
Neocalanus g rac ilis -96 0 .153 0 .153
Rh incal anus nas ut us -78 0 .193 0 .193 Ps eu docal anus e longa tus Ad ult 25 -76 -45 -150" -114" - 89 - 96 ' -96 -65 -179" 0 .000 0 .021 0.000
Para-pseudocalan us spp . 95·· 39 -42 -140' - 11 5 " -59 - 63 . -107 ' -83 6 . -4 -158 0 .004 0 .240 0.005
Te rnora long icornis 38 -88" -43 -170'" - 108 · · - 9 1 - 10 7 ' 51 26 · 0 . 000 0 .591 , 0 .000
Aca rt ia spp . 12 - 8 11 -3 0 16 - 4 2 103 2 37 - 13 · - 8 0 .853 0 .708 0 .900
Cent ropages typi cus - 2 -54 -9 78' 92· 102 - 23 - 2 2 0 .902 0.423 0 .893
Euc haeta norvegica - 30 55 14 51 - 8 - 63 6 10 -91· -29 22 0 .755 0 .099 0 .430
Met ridia lucens 19 77 18 68 87 - 59 94 33 -SO 37 - 58 103 0.941 0 .435 0 .902
Pl euro rnamma robusta - 93 · · - 55 0 .041 0 .041
Pleu ro rnamma borealis - 9 0 " - 123 0 . 013 0 .013
Pl eu ro ma mma graci lis -1 0 . 49 6 ' 0 .496
Candacia armata - 10 0 - 11 6 0 .072 0 .101 0 .043
Podo n spp. - 2 1 -108 -110' 3 2 -33 42 42 0 .187 0 .187
Evadne spp. - 7 6 · ' -77 - 148 " -49 - 44 - 56 -34 - 48 0.003 0 .336 0 .004
Clione limacina 38 2 - 11 59 83 - 79 -125' 0 - 34 116 0 .408 0 .594 0 .510
Hype riidea 13 34 47 - 65 107' - 32 - 17 - 122 · -68 - 6 - SO 86 0 .373 0 .321 , 0 .338
Euphaus iacea Total - 40 41 42 208" 167'" - 8 -38 - 17 107 -141··· - 46 91 . 0 . 927 0 .001 0 .135
C haetcgnat ha Eyecou nt 17 -1 0 80 109 140" 2 - 69 -102' -40 -23 -48 33 0.466 0 .223 0 .350
Table 2. Scaled means of seasonal cycles by region and taxon. The means were scaled by a factor of 1000; a scaled mean gives the average number of organisms sampled from approximately 3000 m3 of water.
:lJ 31\ 3 L 3N O 3 Ps <I V <lW <IX 5Y LSI 0 52 0 53
Phytoplankton co lou r 762 440 958 1005 756 571 652 419 157 164 310 468 Paralia sulcata 11 9 4 0 7 7 4 8 0 O ' 0 0 Skeletonerna cost a tu m 58 97 146 79 169 202 166 67 95 0 3 12 Thalassiosira sp p . 6076 2256 4750 2861 2463 3013 2609 1356 478 1001 1056 1536 Dactyliosolen an tarcticus 1 5 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Da ctyliosolen mediterraneu s 4 9 14 6 74 11 0 3 4 10 22 48 Rhizosolenia imbrica. shrubsolei 4 4 ' 6 18 39 12 8 16 15 3 3 16 Rhizosolenia styliformis 342 177 107 97 73 37 43 23 6 227 318 138 Rhizosolenia hebetata semispina 330 139 186 386 466 305 300 144 119 375 185 139 Rhlzosolenia alata indica 19 1 6 9 13 7 0 0 0 10 0 11 Rhizosolenia alata alata 43 ,19 12 73 59 36 27 42 95 12 10 73 Rhizosolenia alata in ermis 25 11 12 13 21 30 16 8 17 14 13 19 C haetoce ro s( Hyalochaet e ) spp. 1961 993 1853 1791 1754 1119 832 609 106 263 308 569 C hae toc ero s( Phaeoceros] spp. 2921 1344 2676 2378 1639 903 785 432 176 534 967 552 Thalassiothrix longissima 538 815 1918 3204 1041 404 165 34 82 388 761 451 Thalassi onema nitzschi oides 214 240 410 476 470 617 633 368 146 223 152 80 Nitzschia seriata 179 192 61 64 233 122 64 68 110 34 21 35 Nitzschia d elicatissirna 98 55 38 83 115 17 ' 25 34 48 124 78 108 Navicula planamembranacea 15 16 13 4 9 ,14 0 0 3 128 58 10 Diatoms 12557 6161 11776 11209 8390 6751 5433 3097 1490 3295 · 3864 3733 Ceratium fusus 47 67 940 806 1089 858 867 556 624 22 81 634 Cera t ium furca 6 3 6 17 28 23 20 21 14 0 9 12 Cera t iu m lin eatum 1 0 9 79 62 5 7 28 31 1 5 66 Ce ra t ium tripos 8 11 85 346 717 617 683 777 322 3 19 92 Cera t ium macr ocer os 1 3 8 26 19 27 58 176 17 2 0 151 Cerati u m horridum 8 9 41 51 71 24 48 52 21 0 3 18 Cera t ium longipes 178 168 958 978 1074 791 1044 931 272 11 68 106 Cera t iu m 'arcri cum 980 1572 1566 331 386 270 139 93 33 61 81 51 Ce ra t ia 1024 1525 3059 2352 2961 2220 2420 2253 1199 97 262 992 Total Co p epo ds 352714 267903 451115 353429 372299 358540 480660 474432 568879 285923 271251 202643 .Calan us fin. finmarch icus 45624 37336 22248 12280 8470 15588 15911 24030 43721 83768 46289 17153 Cal a nus helg olandicus 0 0 3 2 1 3 15 7 2 0 12 1176 Ca lanus fin . glacialis 708 995 440 73 24 120 40 76 58 229 53 55 Ca lanus 1·1 V 218515 152832 145810 72097 42512 73256 103437 108938 223199 109934 141323 87673 Cala n us V-V I Total 48492 37794 22372 12300 8468 15628 16032 24055 43834 83838 46630 18299 Neocalanus gracili s 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 85 Rhincalanus nasutus 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 52 Pseudocalanus elonga t us Adult 3658 3896 42488 35419 48065 51420 73411 66652 31098 41 329 1897 Para-pseudocalanus spp. 27298 21746 127492 120341 137659 133232 174917 188386 120134 1929 8774 26712 Temora longicomis 35 1905 64229 94800 86293 87162 94714 31783 6776 155 0 1535 Acartia s p p. 2951 2371 7172 3095 4249 4967 4607 4777 14418 397 620 2295 Centropages typicu s 98 46 608 16528 3195 15900 47868 94698 135642 0 40 588 Oit hona sp p . 40331 32890 78944 43458 77738 39282 46276 35605 33303 9275 21346 23573 Euchaeta norvegica 769 333 119 121 75 180 14 41 610 ;2037 1431 638 Metridia lu cens 44 58 63 68 311 396 1367 2226 2966 78 469 921 Pleurornamma r ~busta 2 1 3 5 1 2 15 3 3 16 48 205 Pleuromarnma b or eali s 0 0 17 18 0 0 1 11 3 12 80 3395 Pleuromarnma gracilis 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 r 0 1 2 '414 Ca nd ac ia armata 0 0 0 19 1 4 5 79 4 0 4 136 Pod on s pp . 0 0 2095 4594 3631 1623 3712 3221 1424 58 186 485 Evadne spp. 32 0 19078 20129 26958 10224 11223 10289 12332 38 159 1173 CliorieIimacina 80 45 75 67 62 23 60 27 14 61 51 18 Hyperiidea 3203 3511 t553 1563 317 502 438 457 273 2742 3202 1448 Euphausiacea Total 3750 2067 3341 3064 2052 2083 4943 5150 2611 14430 13143 4553 C haetognat ha Eyecou n t 199 251 620 1690 836 460 1209 1253 79 590 933 ' 2174
Figures
Figure 1. Sub-regions used in the analysis. The sub-regions on the continental shelf are named after the corresponding NAFO divisions; note, .. however, that unlike the NAFO regions, they do not extend beyond the shelf. Three "offshelf" sub-regions were also defined: LSI (Labrador Sea), OS2 (Offshelf 2), and OS3 (Offshelf 3). Overplotted are locations of CPR samples in the Northwest Atlantic from 1959 to 1992. Each dot represents the centre of a 10-mile tow section . Note the concentrated sampling along standard routes.
60
55
50
45
•
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Figure 2. Seasonal cycles (over all years) for selected taxa in each subregion . Each figure consists of 9 panels, each of which represents a particular taxon; the name of the taxon is given above the panel. In each panel, monthly means are connected by a solid line . The standard error of each mean is represented by pointwise error bars.
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v o
III o
J F M A M J J A SON D JFMAMJJASOND J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Calanus I-IV
To o <D
:5...
:5 C\l
o
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
Euphausiacea Total Pseudocalanus elongatus Adult
o TIII
co ci
o... +-' <D
ciC o <')::::l
o ...o ci o C\l
C\l ci 11\
, I ci o o
J F M A M J J A SON D
Diatoms
TT co ci
<D ci
... ci
C\l ci
o cio
JFMAMJJASOND
Phytoplankton colour
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
LS1 Calanus V-VI Total
T
:5 C\l
o
Ceratium longipes
o ci
III o ci
o ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
Hyperiidea
T ' 0
<xl
C\l
o
J F M A M J J A SON D
Thalassiosira spp.
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
C\l
o
1
082 Calanus ·i-IV
o o ex> T· 8 CD
8 '"
o
J F M A M J J A SON D
Pseudocalanus elongatus Adult
+-' C :J o o
o
J F M A M J J A SON D
Diatoms
. . Calanus V-VI Total
J F M A M J J A SON D
o
'" 8
o ex>
o -e
o
'" o
Euphausiacea Total
10
'"
o
'"
10
J F M A M J J A SON 0
Phytoplankton colour
10 ci
(')
ci
ci'"
ci
o ci
Ceratium lonqipes
J F M A M J J A SON D
Hyperiidea
ex>
'"
o
J F M A M J J A SON D
Thalassiosira spp.
J F M A M J J A SON D JFMAMJJASOND
Month
J F M A M J J A SON D
083 Calanus I-IV
8 <0
T 1
8 C'l
8 '" 8
o
J F M A M J J A SON D
Pseudocalanus elongatus Adult
0
..... C ::J o (J
J F M A M J J A SON D
Diatoms
Calanus V-VI Total
T
o.,.
o '"
o
J F M A M J J A SON D
Euphausiacea Total
n
---r-'
JFMAMJ J A SON D
Phytoplankton colour
~
ci
T 00 ci
s <0
.-L .,. ci
'"ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
-'
JFMAMJ J A SON D
Month
.00 ci
<0 ci
.,. ci
'"ci
o ci
Ceratium longipes
T
i ---
J F M A M J J A SON D
Hyperiidea
TC'l
J F M A M J J A SON D
Thalassiosira spp.
T<0
.,.
'"
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
Figure 3. Average plankton abundance anomalies (observed counts minus monthly means) for each year and month, for given sub-region and taxon. 'T he title gives the sub-region and taxon. Expanding symbols represent the magnitude of the anomalies: the anomaly is proportional to the area of the symbol. Shaded circles represent positive anomalies; open circles represent negative anomalies. The scaling is given below the figure (in terms of the largest observation). Zero's are represented by crosses (+ ).
2J . Calanus.I-IV
0 co m 0r
O 0
~
ct1 0 @ 0 Q)
>0
0
0
0 0 0
0 I'-m 0r
0 0 Ii
0
0.' I)
•
O
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+ 0 0 0 • 0
+ 0 0 e • .. + + + .. 0 0 • • 0
0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0
+ 0 0 0 @ 0 .. 0 0 • .. 0 0 <0 m 0 0 0
0r O 0 0
J F M A M J J A SON o
Month
Lar,gest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 1063.
2J .: Phytoplankton colour
0 co 0) ,...
0 0 0
0 e lo....
ctS Q)
>0 0 0
0
0 0
~
0 f"-.. 0),...
0 (I
It
• • 0
•• 0
0
•
0
0 0 0
~
• 0
0
~
0
0
0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 + 0 0 0 0 0
+ + + 0 • • 0 0 0 0
e 0 0 • 0
0 0 0 0 0 e 0
+ 0 .. ;) ~ 0
0 III 0 0
0 0 <0 0),...
0
• 0 0
J F M A M J J A SON 0
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 4.9.
2J :-Calanus V-VI Total
o (j) (j) T'"""
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 215.
3K .Calanusl-lv
a co CJ') ,..
~
CO (])
>
a f"-... CJ') ,..
-
a CD CJ') ,..
o
o
0
0
0
0
•
+
+
+
0
• 0
0
0
0
0
~
G
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
• 0
..
•
0 ..• 0
0
«& 0
0 0
• •0 0
0 0
0 • 0 0
It
e
0
0
4a
0
0
0
• 0
" 0
0
0
0
0
0 .. (9
0 e 0
0
I)
.. 0
0
.0
0
0
<$
0
J F M A M J J A s o N o
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 1264.
3K ~ Phytoplankton colour
0 co 0) .,....
"'ro Q)
> 0
0
0 • 0
0 t'-0) .,....
0 + •
0
CD
0
0
e • (i
0 + 0 0 0
0 + + 0 0 0 0 0
0 • 0 0
0 G 0 0
+ 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 (0 0) .,.... •
•
0
.. $
• e
•
0
0
G
$
• 0
• 0
•
0
0
0
0
.. 0
0
0
0
iW)
e 0
0
0
0
0
<$
0
0
0 0
J F M A M J J A SON o
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 6.1.
• •
3K . Calanus V-VI Total
o CO 0') ~
"CO Q)
>
0 r-, 0') ~
0 (.Q 0') ~
o
o
• 0
0 0 0
0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 .. 0
•0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 .. 0• 0 @ 0
0 0 0 $)• 0 0 • 0 ~
• • 0 0 0
0• 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 $
•0 • 0 0
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 292.
3L" Calanus I-IV
0 CJ) CJ) ~
0 CO CJ) ~
"CO Q)
>
0 r-. CJ) ~
0 <0 CJ) ~
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 • 0 0
0
· 0
0
0
0
•
0
0
0
•
0
0
•
• •
0
0
0
0
0
0
•
4)
0
0
• 0
0
0
0
•
0
~
0
• 0
0
0
0
• 0
• 0
0
0
~
0
G
0
• • 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
~
1&
0
0
0
0
0
@
0
0
•
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
•
0
0
0
$
~
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
~
0
0
J F M A M J J A s o N o
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 1827.
• •
·3L . Phytoplankton colour
o (J) (J) ,....
0 co (J) ,....
~
co CD >
0 r-, (J) ,....
0 CD (J) ,....
0
0• ~
0 e"
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 • 0
0
0 0• ~ 0 fJ e 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
• 0 0 0 •0
0
0 0
0 0 0 @
•
•
0
0
0 0 0 0
• ~
f;
• (1&
0
• 0
0
.. 0
.. 0
0
O '
o
0
0
«I 0
• 0
• • 0 $
0
0
0
.0 0
.. 0 0
••
0
@
e 0 0
e $• .. G 0 l!l
0
0 0
0 00 .. 0 0 0 e
0 0
e 0 a 0
0 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0 0
0
J F M A M J J A s o N D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 4.4.
3L" Calanus V-VI Total
0 (j) (j) T"""
0 co (j) T"""
"co (])
>
0 r-, (j) T"""
0 <D (j) T"""
0
0
0
0
0
0
..0
0
@
• 0
•
J
0
0
0
0
0
0
• 0
• •
0
0
01
0
0
0
0
'"
0
•
F M
0
0
0
0
0
•
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
M
.• •
0
0
0
• 0
•
0
J J
Month
0
0
0
0
•
0
•
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0
0 0 •
0
0 0
0 0 0
0 • <) 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0 0
~ Ill) 0 0
0 ~ * 0 0
0 ~
;:) '" 0 e 0
0 0 ..• 0 · 0 0
A s o N D
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 304.
3NO . Calanus I-IV
o CO Q') ,...
~
ct1 Q)
>
0
0
0
0 0 •
0
0 0
0 0 ED • 0
0 0
0
0
I"Q') 0
,... $ 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 4) 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
~
0
0
• 0
\110 •
0
0 • 0
'*
0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0
0 <0 Q') ,...
J F M A M J J A s o N D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 860.
3NO . Phytoplankton colour
o 0'> 0'> or
0 co 0'> 0r
o "ct:S CD >
0 ~
0 0 e 0 @ 0
0 r-, 0'> 0r
l1It
~
o
0
~
•
• 0
. ~
•0
0 0
0
0
• 0
0
* 0
0
0
• • 0
0
IJ&
•
0
ell
0
0 0 0 0 e .. 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 1Iil 0 <0
0 0 ~ 0
'" 0 0
tit
0 <0 0'> or-
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 4.
3NO· Calanus V-VI Total
o 0'> 0'> ,..
0 co 0'> ,..
.. lo..
~ CD >
0
0 0 • • 0
0 0 0 0 0
I"0'>
0 0 0
,.. 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 • 0 • 0 0
e 0
0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0
0 CD 0'> ,..
J F M A M J J A SON o
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 175.
• •
·3Ps . Calanus I-IV
0 m m ;
o CO m ,
~
CO (1)
>
0 r-, m ,
0 <0 m ,
0
0
0
'" 0
J
0
•
0
0
0
f)
0 0
0
0
•
0
0
0
•
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
•0
0
G
0 0
0
0 •
• 0
0 0
0
0
0
&
0 0
0
0
0
• 0
&
.0
0
0
0
0 0
111
0 0
0 0
& .. 0
0 ~~
@ 0 0
0 0
0
0 0 0 0
g .. 0
0
0 0 0
F M A M J J A s o N o
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 284.
• •
• • •
3Ps . Phytoplankton colour
• 4) 0 0
00 (J) (J) ,....
o co (J) ,....
" co 0 (l)
> 0 0 0 0 0
0 /I
0 0 lit 0
r--. (J) 0 0 0 0 • ,....
0 0 0 0 0 ••e
0 0
00 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0
00 0
0 0 0
CD (J) ,....
e 4» ~
0 0 ..
.. 0
• 0
• 0.. 0
0 0
0 • 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
... • 0
<II 0
0 0
0 0 0
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 3.6.
·3Ps . Calanus V-VI Total
o o o o o o o o a o o
a o o o o 0) 0) T"'"
a co 0) T"'"
J F M A M J J A s o N D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 55.
4V . Calanus I-IV
• • o o o o
o o o
Q)Q)
- .
T"""
oCO _ Q) T"""
4V · Phytoplankton-colour
@ 0~ • ~ • 0 0 000
0'> 0'>,....
o co 0'>,....
\
e~ (1)
> 0 0 0 0 0
00 0
0 0 00 I"- 00 0 0 •0'>,....
0 0 0 .. • '>
0 It 0
0 0 • 0 0 e 0
0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
<D 0'>,....
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 5.
4V . Calanus V-VI Total
0 0> 0> ,.
0 OJ 0> ,.
:10....
CO CD >
0 f'-.. 0> ,.
0 0
0
0
..
• • 0 0
• 0 0
0
0
0
0
•
•
0
0
0
•
•
0
0
0
- 0 0 0
0 $ 0
0 0 0
4l 0 0
0 (0 0> ,.
0 0 ' 0
0
0
(I
• .. 0 0
0 0 0
0
0 0
0
0
0 0 0
0 0 •
0 0
0
0
0 0
0
0 e 0
0 0
0
0 ~ 0
$
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 178.
·4W ·Calanus I-IV·
• o o o o
o • (j)(j)
or-
oCO _ (j) or
~
CO 0 0 Q)
>0
0 0 0
0 41) 0 I"-(j) 0 .. 0 0
or ~ 0 0
0 0
0 +
0 0
0 ® @
0 0 + 0 0 0
0 a
CO -(j) or-
I I I I I I I I I I I
J F M A M J J A S 0 N D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 1940.
4W . Phytoplankton-colour .
• 4) . • • • a o o o
C) C) T"""
a co C) T"""
~
CO 0 Q)
>0
0 0 0
0 0 0
a r-... C) T"""
0
0
0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0 0
.. 0
0
0
••
0 0 0
0 0 0 e 8
0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0
a 0 0 <.0 C) T"""
0
0
e
• 0 .. .. 0
• 0 0
0 0
0
e 0
0
0 0
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 3.4.
4W . Calanus V-VI Total
o 0
a o
(J) _ (J) .,..
aco _ (J) .,..
4X .Calanus I-IV
o o · 0
a a Q) Q) or
a co Q) or
~
CO 0
(])
> 0 0 0 0
• a "Q)
0
I\)
0 0 •
0r o 0
0 0 • 0 •
0 • 0 0
0 0
0 0 a a 0 0
co Q) or
•
0
0
0
0
0
0
4}
.. 0 0
'"
J F M A M J J A SON 0
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 689.
4X . Phytoplankton colour
a 0 • 0
0 • • ~
0 0 • @
0
lD
0
(J) (J) T"""
,
a co (J) T"""
"'CO Q)
> 0
0
0
0
• 0
• 4l&
0
a 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 l"(J) • 0 0 0 .. T""" @ • 0
• 0 0 0 0 IJ} 0 0
0
0
0
0 0
0
• 0 ~
0
0
• 0 0 0 0
.. 0
0 0 ~ 0 0
a CD • 0 0 0 0
(J) T"""
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 2.7.
4X .Calanusv-Vl Total
0
0 0> 0> T"""
0 co 0> T""".
~
co CD >
• 0 I'0> 0
T"""
0
0
0
0
0 <D 0> T"""
0 0 0 0 0
• 0•
• 0 0 •
0
0
0 0 ••
0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0
0 * @0 00 0
0 0 0 0 0
e ..
' 0 0 • @ •
@
0
• 0
0
0 0 0
0 0
• 0
0 0 0
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 174.
0
. ·5Y : Calanus I-IV
o 0) 0) ,.....
o CO 0) ,.....
~
CO Q)
> 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 r-, 0) 0 0 0
,..... 0 0
0 61 0
(j
~
0 0 • e 0 •
0 @ 0
(0 0) ,.....
.. 0
• 0
0
@
0
0
•
J F M A M J J A SON 0
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 1520.
·5Y..Phytoplankton colour
o (J) (J) r
0 eo (J) r
~
co Q)
>
0
0 + 0 I'(J) + 0 + r
+ + + + 0 +
0
0
+ + e 0 <.0 (J) r-
o
0
0
+ 0
0
• + +
• 0 + e
0 + 0 +
0 + 0 0
+
0
0 .,
0
0
0
0
CD 0 0
•
• 0
•
0
0
0 0
0 0 +
• 0
0
•0 0
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 1.9.
5Y ,: Calanus V-VI ,Total
a o 0') 0') ~
a co 0') ~
l0
CO Q)
>0 0
0 a f'. 0')
• 0
0
0
It
0 0
0
~ 0 0 0 • 0 0
0 0 • 0
0 0
0 • 0
$
0 0 0
- 0 0 • 0 G 0
a 0 0
<.0 0') ~
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 450.
LS1 . Calanus I-IV
o (j) (j)
T"""
0
0 0 CO -(j) T"""
0 0
:10.... 0 a
Cd 0
<D >
+ • 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 + 0 0 0
'" (j) - + + 0 0 0 0
T""" 0 0 0 0
+ 0 0 0
+ + • 0 0 0
+ + • 0 0 .. e
+ 0 0 0 0 19
+ + 0 0 0 0 ~
+ 0 • . ~ 0
0 0
0 0 0
<0 (j)
- • 0
T""" 0
I I I I I I I I I I I
J F M A M J J A S 0 N 0
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 1774.
LS1 . Phytoplankton colour
o (j) (j) or
0 co (j) 0r
"eel Q.)
>
0
'" (j) 0r
-
•
0 co (j) 0r
0
0
0
o
0
0
G
0
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + +
+
+
0
o
0
•0
0
0
0
•0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
e 0
0
0
0
0
e 0
0
• 0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
t$)
0
0
€t
0
•
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
+ + + +
+
J F M A M J J A SON o
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 2.2.
LS1" Calanus V-VI Total
o 0'> 0'> .,
0
0 0
co 0'> .,
a 0
1.
co (])
>
0
• •
0
0 0 4' 0
a • 0 I"-0'> .,
0
4) • 0
0 0
0 0
• 0
0
0
0 0
- + 0 0 •
0 0
• •0 0
• 0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0
,. 0 0 $ 0 ~
0 0 0 • 0 co 0'> .,
0 0
• 0
0
J F M A M J J A SON 0
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 626.
·082 :·Calanu5 I-IV
0·0 o
o 0'>
o o 0'> ,..
0 co 0'> ,..
- + 0 0
~
co Q.)
> 0
0
• 0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0 f"-. 0'> ,..
" •
• • 0 a 0
0 $
.. 0 0 0 • "
@ " 0
.. 0 0 <0 0'> ,..
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 677.
082·. Phytoplankton colour
o (j) (j) ,....
o
o o •
0 o 0
lo...
ctS CD >
.
0 co (j) ,....
0 r-, (j) ,....
0 <0 (j) ,....
- 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+ 0
0
+ 0
+ •+ 0
0
+ +
0
+ 0
0
0
" III
0 0 0
0
• 13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
•
0
0
0
•
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. I
J F M A M J J A S 0 N D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 1.7.
082 . Calanus V-VI Total
o o o
a • • (j)(j)
T"""
a co -(j) T"""
0 4)
' 0 (lj • Q.)
>0 0
0
• 0
0
0 • •
Il!I
0
a I"-(j) T"""
-
0
0 0
• • •
0
• 0
0
0 0
0 0
0 ~ 0 0 •
.. @
0
0
0 • 0
0 t)
a f$ <0 -(j) T"""
I I I I I I I I I I I
J F M A M J J A S 0 N D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 216.
083 . Calanus I-IV
a 0'> _ 0'> ~
aco _ 0'> ~
L
eo Q)
>0 0 0 0 0
a r-, 0'> ~
- .
0
0
f0
0
• 0
0
0
0
•
0
0
0
•
0
0 0
a <0 0'> ~
-
I I I I I I I I I
J F M A M J J A S 0 N D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 1462.
08-3 . Phytoplankton colour '
o 0) _ 0) T"""
0 co 0) T"""
0
~
~ a.> >
0 .. ~ 0
0
0
It 0 0
• • 0
• • •
/I)
• • 0 <9
0
r-, 0) T"""
- .. 0 0 0
.. 0
0
0
•
0
0
0
0
"
•
• •
•
0
0
• .. @
0
0
•
~
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 • 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 CD -0) T"""
I I I I I I I I I I
J F M A M J J A S 0 N 0
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 4.1.
OS3: Calanus V-VI Total
o (J') (J') T"""
0 co (J') T"""
0
"co CD >
0 • 0
0
~
0
0 0 •0
I"-(J') T"""
0
• 0
0
o·
• 0 0 0 0
0 $ 0
0
0 0 0
0 co (J') T"""
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Largest circle represents an absolute anomaly of 278.
Figure 4. Monthly maps of CPR sampling and plankton abundance for Phytoplankton colour index, and Calanus stages V-VI. The title of each page indicates the year and taxon. In each map, expanding circles represent the abundance of the taxon in the sample. The scaling for each taxon is constant between maps: the area of the circle is proportional to the observed count, with the largest observation represented by a circle with ~-inch diameter. For Phytoplankton colour index the largest observation is 6.5. For Calanus stages V-VI the largest observation is 2690. Samples in which there was no observation of the taxon in question are denoted by a cross (+).
Phytoplankton colour' 1959
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 . 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
," 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
.,............
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Feb
60
55
' No tows 50
45
70 . 65 60 55 ' 50 45 40
May
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Mar
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 · 40
JUI1
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
..
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour : 1960
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
• 55
50
45
Jan
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60 " ,
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
..... 60
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
50
45
60 - 55 50 - 45 ' 40
May
60
55
No tows 50
45
60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
No tows 50
45
60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 - 65
70 65
70 65
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour : 1961
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 · · 40
Apr
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65· 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 · 40
Jun
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
•
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour : 1962
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
70 65 60 55 50 45- 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
-@ . 0'. . ..
60
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
50
45
70 65 - 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Mar
70 65 60 -- 55 - 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 - 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour' 1963 Jan Feb Mar
60 60
55 · 55
No tows 50 50
45 45
60
55
50
45
70 65 · 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 . 70 65 60· 55 50 45 40
Apr May Jun
60
~
~-r\ /.... ..' . )b
6060
~--...55 55 55\ !
50 50 50
4545 45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul Aug Sep
60 60 60
55 55 55
50 50 50
4545 45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct Nov Dec
60 60 60
.. ..
55 55 55
50 50 50
45 45 45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour' 1964
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
• 55.. 50
45
Jan
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
:0
60
55
50
45
Feb
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
Mar
70 65 60 55 . 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
..
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour : 1965
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
70 65 60 55 · 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
Feb
70 65 60 55 50 4S 40
May
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
Mar
· 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
-:......
•
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour : 1966
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
50
45
45 · 40 .70 65 60 55 50
Apr
60
55 .
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
Mar
.............
70 · 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 4§ 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour : 1967
60
55
so
45
60
55
so
45
60
55
so
45
60
55
so
45
Jan
70 65 ""60 "55 50 45 ""40
Apr
60
55
50
45
60 "
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 so 45 40
Jul
60
55
so
45
70 65 60 55 so 45 40
Oct
60
55
so
45
Feb
60
55
so
4S
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
so
46
60
55
so
45
70 65 60 55 so 45 40
Nov
60
55
so
45
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 "40
Jun
70 65 60 55 so 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 so 45 40 70 6S 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour : 1968 Jan Feb Mar
60 6060
55 5555
50 5050
45 45 45
Phytoplankton colour· 1969
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
70 65 60 .55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
((jJ'
Feb
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
.~Ct
60
55
50
45
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour : 1970 Jan
60
55
50
45
60
. 55
50
45
70 65 60 55 . 50 45 40
Apr
60 60
55 55
50 50
45 45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 ,.
Jul
60 60
55 55
50 50
45 45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60 60
55 55
50 50
45 45
Feb Mar
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 · 50 45 40 . 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May Jun
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug Sep
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov Dec
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour : 1971
60
55
50
45
60
55
so
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
so
45
Jan
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
so
45
70 65 60 55 so 45 40
Jul
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
60
55
so
45
Feb
60
55
50
45
70 6S 60 55 50 45 40
May
70 65 60 55 so 45 40
Aug
60
55
so
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 so 45 40
Nov
60
55
so
45.....
Mar
70 65 60 55 so 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 so 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 so 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 6S 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour : 1972
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
·iJ ~;.•..,.
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour: 1973
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
'
50
45
.. ...
.' ..'
...::::<:::.. ....
Feb
60
55 " " " .... .
..... '
50 .-,
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour : 1974
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 ·55 50 45 40
Apr
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
".'
"
60
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
.... ../'
50
45
70 65 60 55 '50 45 . 40
May
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
.'
60
.... 55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
No tows 50
45
Mar
.......... .'
70 65 60 55 50 . 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
,~ :....
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 060 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour : 1975
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
·No tows 50
45
70 65 . 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
. No tows 50
45
70 65 · 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
No tows 50
· 45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
Mar
70 . 65 60 55 50 · 45 40
Jun
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour: 1976
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55 .' .'
.' ... 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 . 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour: 1977
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
. .. '::....
.c9"'" ...............
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour' 1978
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
No tows 50
45
.70 65
70 65
70 65
Feb
60
55
50
45
60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
No tows 50
45
60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 .45 40
Jun
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour: 1979
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55.' .'.'
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
.........
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
.'"
60
.... 55
50
45
Feb
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45· 40
May
60
@' 55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
Mar
.. ....
:3 ,······
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 .
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
...........
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour : 1980
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan Feb
60 60
No tows
55
50 No tows
55
50
45 45
.70 65 60 55 50 45 40 . 70 65 60 55 .. 50 45 40
Apr May
60 60
5555
5050
4545
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul Aug
60 60
No tows
55
50 No tows
55
50
45 45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct Nov
60 60
55
50 No tows
55
50
45 45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour 1981
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Feb
60
55
50
45
. .70 65 60 55 50
May
No tows
45 40
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55
Aug
50 45 40
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50
Nov
No tows
45 40
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
.cP····.'..'
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour: 1982
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Feb
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50' 45 40
May
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour : 1983 Jan Feb Mar
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
.60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
60
55
. No tows 50
45
70' 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
No tows 50
45
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour : 1984
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
.... ......
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Feb
60
55
. No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45· 40
May
, 60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55,.....,.
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
.............
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour· 1985
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
No tows 50
45
Feb
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 . 60 55 50 ·45 40
May
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
.,............ 55
50
45
Mar
No tows
70 · 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
,~b:
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
............
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour· 1986
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Feb
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 6055 50 45 40
May
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Mar
70 65 60 55
Jun
50 45 40
70
70
65
65
No tows
60 55 50
Sep
No tows
60 55 50
Dec
45
45
40
40
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour : 1991 Jan Feb Mar
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
~'\. ~ ~ d
60..
55
~ 50
~7() 45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60..
55
50
45
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45 .
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Phytoplankton colour: 1992
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
50
45
70 65 60· 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
Feb
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
CalanusV-VI Total : 1959
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 . 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
,,-.../
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
. No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
No tows 50
45
Mar
No tows
70 65 · 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1960
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
..' •• 0 • •••• • •
0
60
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
50
45
60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
No tows 50
45
60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
No tows 50
45
60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65
70 65
70 65
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1961
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 · 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1962
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Feb
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Mar
7-0 65 60 55 50 45 . 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 4555 50 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total : 1963
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55
Apr
50 45 40
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
......
60
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50
May
45, 40
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
00 0 0 0 0
..J 55
50
45
Mar
'<5/.0
70 65 ' 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1964
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
70 65 60 ' 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Feb
' 10 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 4555 50 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total· 1965
60
55
SO
4S
60
55
SO
45
60
55
SO
45
60
55
SO
45
Jan
60
55
SO
45
70 65 60 55
Apr
SO 45' 40
60
55
SO
45
70 65 60 55 SO 45 40
Jul
60
55
SO
45
70 65 60 55 SO 45 40
Oct
70 65 60 55 SO 45 40
66
55
SO
45
Feb
60
55
SO
45
7065 60 55 so
May
45 40
60
55
SO
45
70 65 60 55 SO 45 40
Aug
60
55
SO
45
70 65 60 55 SO 45 40
Nov
70 65 60 55 SO 45 40
60
55
SO
45
Mar
70 65 60 55
Jun
70 65 60 55
Sep
70 65 60 55
Dec
'SO 4S 40
SO 45 40
SO 45 40
"
..................
......
70 65 60 55 SO 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1966
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
60
55,if ,0
50
45
Feb
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
Mar
' 70 65 60 55 50 45' 40
Jun
70 65 60 '55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1967
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
70 65 60 55 50 '45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Feb
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
Mar
"
....
70 65 ' 60 55 50
Jun
45 ' 40
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1968
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
Feb
60
55.... .'
50
45...:..
70 65 . 60 55 50 '45 40
May
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
~~ .... .. . ...... 60
~ . 55
50 ~ __
";~ ~6~. .. 45 , r ·.Y _..____ ..' ., ..........
.......
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
Mar
70 ' 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1969
70 65 60 55 50 45
Oct
70 65 60 55 50 45
60
55
50
45
40
60
55
50
45
40
60
55
50
45
40
60
55
50
45
40 70 65 60 55 50 45
Feb
70 65 60 55 50 45
May
70 65 60 55 50 45
Aug
70 65 60 55 50 45
Nov
Mar
60
55
50
45
40 70 65 - 50 55 50 45 40
Jun
60
55
50
45
40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
60
55
50
45
40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
60
55
50
45
40 70 65 60 55 50
--
"
45 40
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
70 65 60 55 50 45
Apr
70 65 60 55 50 45
Jul
Calanus V-VI Total . 1970
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 - 50 45 40
May
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
Mar
70 - 65 - -60 55 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 4550 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1971 Jan Feb Mar
60 60 60
55 55 55
5050 50
45 45 45
70 65 60 55 50 . 45 40 · . 70 65 60 55 50 45 . .40 · 70 · 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr May Jun
60 60 60
55 .55 55
50 50 50
45 45 45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul Aug Sep
60 60 60..
55 55 55
50 50 50
45 45 45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct Nov Dec
60 60 60
55 55 55/
50 50 50
45 45 45
.... .~ ...,
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1972
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
50
45
70 65 · 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
....._
60
55
I 50i
e
45
...
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
.... 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
,1."
~.
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
Mar
70 65 60 55 . 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total' 1973 Jan
·70 65 60 55 50 ·45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Feb
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Mar
\ .l'):/
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1974
60
55
so
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55· . 50 . 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
./ 50
45
70 05 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
No tows 50
45
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1975 Jan
60
55
No tows 50
45
·· 70 · 65 60 55 ··50 45
Apr
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45
Oct
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
40
60
55
50
45
40
60
55
50
45
40
60
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Galanus V-VI Total . 1976
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
. 60
55
50
45
60
55
so
45
Jan
60
55
50
45
70 55 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
.00
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
Feb
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
." . oO· ",.p oo
60
55
50
45
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 .
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 so 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1977
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 . 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 . 50 45 . 40
May
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
Mar
70 . 65 60 .55 . 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1978
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
50
45
70 65 · 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
60
55
1\10 tows 50
45
Feb
60
55
50
45
60 55 50 45 40 .
May
60
55
No tows 50
45
60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
70 65
70 65
70 65
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 . .40
Jun
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 .40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1980
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
70 · 65
70 65
70 65
Feb
60
55
No tows 50
45
60 55 50 45 40
May
60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
60
55
No tows 50
45
60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
No tows 50
45
Mar
60 55 50 45 40
Jun
60 55 50 45 40
Sep
60 55 50 45 40
Dec
No tows
70 65
70 65
70 65
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1981 Feb
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
70
70
65
65
60 55 50
Sep
No tows
60 55 50
Dec
45
45
40
40
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jan
60
55
50 ...... "l):
45
. 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
6060
55 55
5050
45 45
ij
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
No tows 50
45
Oct
60
55
No tows 50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
---
Calanus V-VI Total . 1983
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
.Jan
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55 /S!
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
. . 60-
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
No tows 50
45
Mar
No tows
.70 65 60 · 55 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1984
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
.,,0
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Feb
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
..' " 55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Mar
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1985 Jan Feb Mar
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
so
45
60
55
. Notows 50
45
70 65 60 55 so 45 40
Apr
60
55
No tows so
45
70 65 60 55 so 45 40
Jul
"
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
No tows 50
45
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 SO . 45 40
May
60
55
so
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 so 45 40
Nov
60
55
so
45
Notows ·
70 . 65 60 55 · so 45 40
Jun
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
.&.....
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 so 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calarius V-VI Total . 1986
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 · 40
Apr
60
55
.~ -r
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Feb
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
No tows 50
·45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Mar
..
70 65 60 · 55 50 45
Jun
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1991
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 ' 40
Apr
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
Feb
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
May
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov
60
55
50
45
Mar
70 65 . 60 55 50 ' 45 40
Jun
,l)
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Sep
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Dec
No tows
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Calanus V-VI Total . 1992
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
60
55
50
45
Jan
60
55
50
45
70- 65 60 55 50 45 40
Apr
ij- -
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Jul
70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Oct
60
55
50
45
60.... ..
55
50
45
Feb Mar
60
55
.., ••0 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 . 45 40 70 65 60 55· 50 45 40
May Jun
60
55
No tows 50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Aug Sep
60
55
50
45
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Nov Dec
60
55
50
45
-
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Figure 5. Seasonal cycles (1st page) and yearly anomalies (2nd page) for selected taxa in each sub-region. Each seasonal cycle page consists of 12 panels, each of which represents a sub-region and shows the monthly mean count and associated standard error. Each yearly anomalies page consists of 12 vertically stacked plots, each showing annual departures from the seasonal cycle in each region. On the right hand side of each plot is the mean of the seasonal cycle and the name of the sub-region . Note that all of these plots have self-scaled ordinates.
----- - ----- - - ---
- - - -----
Phytoplankton colour '"
0.76 2J/"-0...- - - - - - - - - -
0.44 3K
0.96 3L
3NO
/ 0.76 3Ps
1-_ 0.57 4V
/ 0.65 4W c.J-- - - - - - - - - -----'---
0.42 4X
0.16 5Y
/ - 0.16 L81/ ~_--------~- 0.31 082
--- - - - - - - - - - - 0.47 083
I I I I I I I I J I I I I I
1980 1990 Year
I I
1970
+-' C ::J o o
2J '" d
<Xl o ci
... o ci
o ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
s o ci
o ci
o o 9
J F M A M J J A SON D
4W -
o Ici
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
It)
8 ci
o ci
o o 9
J F M A M J J A SON D
Paralia sulcata 3K
<Xl ... ~ o o ci
... o o '" ci ci
o o ci ci
JFMAMJJASOND
3Ps <Xl o ci
<J) o ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
It) o o ci
o ci
o o 9
J F M A M J J A SON D
082
It) It)
8 8 ci ci
o o ci ci
o o o o 9 9
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
3L
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
J F M A M J J A SON D
083
J F M A M J J A SON D
Paralia sulcata lD 0 6
'<t 0 6 ~~ . .
/\~\ ..
/\ 1\J-~---
0.011 2J
'" 6
0 6 L 0.009 3K
'<t 0 6 )l.............. _ --= 0.0036 3LI0 6 -. 0 '" 0 6
0
0 ,..;
'<t 0 6
N 0
9 '<t 0 6
>ct3 E
N o 6 ell oo 6 c
<:(
co o 6
N o <?
o '" o 6
o
3 o '" o o
o o ,..;
o '" o 6
o o ,..;
io o o 6
o o ,..;
o 3NO
0.0065 3Ps
_.. _. .. L 0.0075 4V ~-......
\I 0.0079 4X
o 5Y
.... ...- 0 L81
o 082
._ - _ ._.-----~ ---0---- ----- o 083
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
Skeletonema costatum
..6
'" 9
-=--_ _ ..-- ~ 0.15 3L
6'" ._~- ._ - - - - ._.-- - 0.079 3NO ..9
0.17 3Ps '"6
'" 9
0 C '"6 «
C>
- . ...__ . - - >- 60
\ - - 0.2 4V ~
E C>
- \ - . 0.17 4W
C')
6 0.067 4X
----::::=:;:=-:::;;.---. ._ - - - - - - - - - -- - - 9
..6 0.095 5Y '" 9
'" 0 0 6 o L81 0
0 ...;
<D a 6
0.0032 082 a 6 - _ .=~- . - - - - --\ ......-------'"---'== -...;:-=--=--~ --a '" 6
--- - - 0.012 083 a 6 '"
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
Thalassiosira spp. 2J 3K 3L
...... C ::J 0 o
a M
ll'l
'" Ta
'" ~
~
ll'l
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
T ~
~
ll'l
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
4W
T ~
~
ll'l
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
T
N
a
J F M A M J J A SO N D
T~
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..,.
N
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
T a N
~
~
io
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X ~
~ T ~
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U)
..,.
N
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
082 ll'l
..,.
M
N
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
a M
ll'l
'" a
'" ~
~
ll'l
a
a N
~
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io
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
T-e-
M T '"
a
J FMA-MJ J ASOND
083
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
-- -
Thalassiosira spp. 0 (')
~
0 ~ 0
" 0 (\I
0
-e
0
~
(\I
')l
~
" 0
~
>. If)
CO E
u;>
0 ~ C « <0
(\I
')l
: I~- --- -_ · ----~ ')l
(\10" 1 A -/-~===::;:::::=~. ---
: j - 7 L81
1.1 082 - - - - - - - - ;:;r-
._ - - -- - - . -- 1.5 083
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1980 1990 Year
\ -
I I I I
1960
6.1 2J
2.3 3K
4.8 3L
2.9 3NO
---- ...-.,,- 2.5 3Ps
----- 7 - 3 4V
2.6 4W
1.4 4X
0.48 5Y
Dactyliosolen antarcticus 2J
a C\J a a I a a a I1\a a
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
If) a a a
a a
a a
-+-' 9C J F M A M J J A SON D :::J 0 4Wo
If) a a a
a a
a a 9
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
If) a a a
a a
a a 9
J F M A M J J A SON D
3K
CXl a a I ... a a I1\a a
J F M A M J J A S O N D
3Ps
<D a a
... a Ia
C\J a a
a I1\ a
J F M A M J J A S O N D
4X
If) a a a
a a
a a 9
J F M A M J J A SON D
082
If) a a a
a a
a a 9
J F M A M J J A SON D
a C'l a a
a C\J a a
a a a
a a
If) a a a
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a a 9
If) a a a
a a
a a 9
a C'l a a
a C\J a a
a a a
a a
3L
J F M A M J J A S O N D
4V
J F M A M J J A S O N D
5Y
J F M A M J J A SON D
083
I I1\
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Dactyliosolen antarcticus
: L__ .. /\ ---... -= - - - - - _- - - - 0.0011 2J
:I ...~ .l\. " 0.0045 3K
---:-_ 0.0033 3L /
~_-----=
UJ a a ci
... a a 9
'" a ci
It) a a ci ° 31\J0 a a ...;
0 .0028 3Ps ..r-+~-.~ - --~-.. -----------=
a ci
'" a >. ci - - - - - --- .
a
~--------------- ° . 4V ~ a
§E 0 a '" a
« C ci -----.-------~---- - --- - -- ° 4W
a a ...;
a '" .. a ci .
- 0---00 ° 4X a a ...;
a '" ci . a
° 5Y §a
a '" ci ---------~. -~-_ . - -- -- --- -
a
° LS1 a a ...;
a '" a ci
--------~ ° 082 a a ci a '" ci
0.0013 083 - -_ .. _. -a '" a
...; J I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1980
Year
Dactyliosolen mediterraneus 2J 3K 3L
o '" ci
o ci
o ci
CD o ci
-eo ci
CD o ci
CD o Tci
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO 3Ps 4V -
CD Tci
T o ci
10
ci
I/1\ +-' C ::J o o
J
4W
F M A M J J A SON D
CD o ci
8 ci
CD o ci
~ +---------1 q o
C\l o ci
o o 9
J F M A M J J A SON D
o ci
L81
I
CD o ci 10
TT ci
T o ci
10 o ci
o ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
I 11\
5Y
~ o ci
\ J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
082 083
CD ci T ~
ci
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
--- --- - -----
Dactyliosolen mediterraneus :g Jjc:i
~ -c::::o:='~~='=::;::=-::::;_::::~----------- 0.0042 2J c:i
:L 0.0095 3K c:i =---..--.....-~=-----~--==<.------------
co c:i 0.014 3L o c:i
lD o c:i
0.0056 3NO Cl o
so c:i 0.074 3Ps N
9
E :-\ ---
>. 0.011 4V co • _ •.• ...... _ e--=.:::::.. ----~-=---~~I.+=.__
9 ~ c:i
___ _ _ _ ~_ 0.0044 5Y o 9 N o c:i
-- ---- 0.01 L81 (') o 9 co o c:i
0.022 082 N o -~--
9 Il)
c:i
___ 0.048 083 Il) o 9
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
0.0033 4X
4Wo
(') o c:i
o
o c «
Rhizosolenia imbrica. shrubsolei 2J 3K 3L
..,. o 6
'" o 6
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
3NO
....... C :::J o o
J F M A M J J A SON 0
4W
co o 6
J F M A M J J A S O N 0
L81 :g .,--------------,6
CD o 6
..,. Io 6
o '" 6
11\ J F M A M J J A S O N 0
J F M A M J J A SON 0
3Ps g r------_
4X
6
o
6
o '"6
J F M A M J J A SON 0
ll")
6 T o
6
J F M A M J J A S ON 0
082
..,. o 6
J F M A M J J A S ON 0
Month
J F M A M J J A SON 0
4V
J F M AM J J A S O N 0
5Y
ll") T 6
ll") o 6
o 6 i=;:::;::::::;::::;::::::;::::;:::::::;:::::~.;=;::::::j
J F M A M J J A SON 0
083 '" .,-------- 6
T
J F M A M J J A SO N 0
- - - - -
Rhizosolenia imbrica. shrubsolei <D
a 0.0043 2J
N 0
0
-L~- - - ........--.::::- . . ..... &i
0 ...-a a a
0 .018 3NO It) 0
9 0
a 0.039 3Ps
0
9 "<t 0 ......... a
~ 0.012 4V CO N
E 90
0 3c a \ 0.008 4W<(' N ~.0 ~ ci a
0.016 4X -----~--------------=~
ci
0.015 5Y +-----------~-
N 0 a
0.0036 3K It) 0 0 a (!; 0
3L0.0062
It)
o
a
<D o a N o 9
0.0032 L81; L.~;;:::=.--. ~_.~ ~ - ...::.;
<D o a
0.016 083 ~--_._---------N
o 9
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1980 1990 Year
0.0035 082
<D o
; I _~
Rhizosolenia styliformis 2J
T'" C!
10
a
a a
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
<J:)
a
-e a
N a
a a
+-' C J F M A M J J A SON D
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4WU ... a T<')
a
N a
a
a a J F M A M J J A SON D
LS1 10
a
10 a
a a J F M A M J J A SON D
3K
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a a
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
<J:) T a
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N a
a a
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X a N a 10 T a a
a T 10 a a
a a J F M A M J J A SON D
OS2
T N
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
3L
<')
a
N a
a
a a
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V
<')
a T N a
a
a a
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
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N a a
a a
I J F M A M J J A SON D
OS3
~ T co a
... a
a a
J F M A M J J A SON D
Rhizosolenia styliformis
0.18 3K
'"
:h-A~-:/-\ 9
--/-~-.: 0.11 3L
I---\;''''-=-----------
0.097 3NO (')
9
o 6 0.073 3Ps (')
9 o '" 6 _L
>. 0.037 4V o~ 9E '"
/ _ . 0 .043 4W .
0.023 ' 4X
co
6 o
0.006 5Y 8 . - _ . - ,- ,-:..:.';:..;;,=.- ---=-= =-' - " - - ....
6
'"6 0.23 L81.> p - ........
'" 9
: I 0.32 082 ';'
\---;;:--- -.;..0__..;:--1
6
'" o 9
o c «
'" o 6
o
9
N 6
0.14 083 N
9 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
.•Rhizosolenia hebetata serruspma 2J
~ T q
l!l 6
0 6
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
N
0
+-' C J F M A M J J A SON D ::::J 0 4Wo
~
eo 6
"': 0
0 6
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
..,. T C')
N
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
3K
eo 6
CD 6
..,. 6
N 6
0 6
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X ~
eo 6
..,. 6
0 6
J F M A M J J A SON D
082 l!l
T q
l!l
6
0 6
J F M A M J J A SON D
T
Month
3L
eo T6
CD 1I1'T6
..,. 6
~1N 6
0 6
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V
l!l N T0 N
~
q
l!l
6
0 6
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
eo 6
..,. 6
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
0 6
083
eo 6 T CD 6
..,. 6
N 6
0 6
J F M A M J J A SON D
- - - - - -----
Rhizosolenia hebetata semispina
N
o 0.33 2J
q
10
9
0.14 3K
q t0 0
~ 0.19 3L
,., 0.39 3NO
-- - -- - - - -,:;;;0----...:: -- - - - - ------;;o----~ ---
~ t- --- ------------- ---\- - - - - - - - - - -,,- 0.47 3Ps
>. oo ---1 0.3 4V co E
4W0 .3
o c «
o o
0.14 4X
0.12 5Y <D o
0 .38 L81: 1 ~----- .J - ; --
~;I . . 0.19 082~::;:::::;====---!l-----------
I I I I I
- ---- - - - 0.14 083
I I I I I I I I I I I II I I
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
Rhizosolenia alata indica 2J 3K 3L
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
J F M A M J J A SON D
4W
~+------------l
a a 9
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
on
ci Ta ci
on 0 ci
0 ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
M a ci
a ci
a
I 11\
ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
on a a ci
~+-------------I
a a 9
J F M A M J J A SON D
082
on a a ci
a ci
a 0
9 J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
N a ci
a ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
8on
ci
~+------------I
+"" C ::::J o o
eo a ci
a ci
8on
ci
a a 9
eo a ci
3 ci
0 ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
083
J F M A M J J A SON D
- - - - - - - -
------------
---
Rhizosolenia alata indica
=:.0...-+--"--"',----=-:---I ~ ro 0 ci
N 0
9
0.019 2J
0 ci
0.0015 3K -~~{ --T7---- -
N 0
N
Ici
-e0 ci
k~~- -v---=:::;~==::::t--\;:;-~----------~ 0.0056 3L 0 ci
N 0 ci
- - - ---- - - - - 0.0089 3NO N 0
9 <0 0 ci / 0.013 3Ps N :::::::::::::::::=~"'=~;==:;:::::;;::;----------0
9 <0 0 ci
~ 0.0066 4V CO 0
E ci
1O0 0C 0
ci« i--·---~------ - · ··- 0 4W 0
0 --' 1O 0 0 ci o 4X 0
0 --' 1O 0 0 ci
----------- - - - - - - - - - - . - 0 5Y 0
§ 1O 0 ci
--- 0.0096 LS1--- '--7-- 0
9
'""'
0.011 083
I I I I I I I I I I I I
1980 1990 Year
o 082
1O 0 0 ci
0
0
_\-
I I I I I I I I I
1960
N 0 ci
N 0 ci
Rhizosolenia alata alata 2J
U"l
a
a
a
U"l a a
a a
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
J F M A M J J A SON D ..... C :J o 4Wo
a
'"a
a a
a a J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
'"
U"l
a
a
a
U"l a a
a a
'"a
C"l a
a C"l o
a
'"a
a
a
a a
'"
T aa
eoeo aa aa
aa '"'" aa
a a a a
J F M A M J J A SON D
3K 3L
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
JFMAMJJASOND
4X
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
082
JFMAMJJASOND
a '" a
a '" a
a a
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
T
a'"
a a J F M A M J J A SON D
083
JFMAMJJASOND
Month
Rhizosolenia alata alata
0.043 2J
~---/~,-------
0.019 3K
- - - - - 0.012 3L
'"a 0 a
0.073 3NO
III
a /1- - ------=---.''-<--1 \:::::;:::::::::::::::7~------------- 0.059 3Ps
0
9 CD 0 a
>. -/__ 0.036 4V CO 0
'<T
E 9 0 0 a «C
'<T
_ --::""'
--/--\---,~--/---.......-::----------I__ 0.027 4W '<T 0
9
III
a 0.042 4X
III 0
9
CD a _--P~-------------- 0.095 5Y'" 9
I ... - ......... .. _ - -- d-7
- - - - - 0.012 L81 III 0
9
III
0.01 082L~ a
0 a • III ' . .:..1t.':
a - - - o - - - - - - - - - 0.073 083
0
9 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 · 1980 1990 Year
\ -----:c -
I I I I I
Rhizosolenia alata inermis 2J 3K 3L
U'J
ci
o ci
U'J o ci
o ci
...... C ::::l o o
o C\I ci
o ci
o o
II)
ci
J F M A M J J A SON 0
3NO
J F M A M J J A SON 0
4W
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
L81
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
Tto o ci
C\I o ci
o ci
J F M A M J J A SON 0 J F M A M J J A SON 0
3Ps 4V
U'J oci C\IT ci
o
o o ciU'J
o ci
o o o ci
4X 5Y o C\I ci
II) Tci
J F M A M J J A SON 0J F M A M J J A SON 0
J F M A M J J A SON 0 J F M A M J J A SON 0
082 083 II)
o
o
ci
•" II) o ci
o o
J F M A M J J A SON 0 J F M A M J J A SON 0
Month
---
Rhizosolenia alata inermis
0 0.025 2J
c;i
0.01 1 3K 0
'"0
0 0
/ : 0.012 3L '" 0 0
'" 0 0
..,. 0 0
so 0 ~ 0
co 0 0
. _ -0 '" c;i ~
' 0
>. CO Ll"l
0
E c;i Ll"l
. ._-.-- 0.013 3NO
0 021 3Ps1-..
0
« 0C
0.016 4W 0 0
0 .03 4V
0 0
so 0 0
C')
0
0
0.0079 4X
0.017 5Y 0
0
0
- _. - 0.01 4 L81 0
c;i
0.013 082 ~
..,.
~ 0.019 083
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
0
0
Ll"l 0 0
I I I I I
0 0
'" 0
c;i I I I I
Chaetoceros( Hyalochaete ) spp. <D
N 2 2J
o
0.99 3K
N / 1.9 3L o
~ -~--1- ---"; 1.8 3NO "?
Chaetoceros( Phaeoceros ) spp. 2J 3K 3L
--,~
<Xl
<D
..,.
'" 0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
3NO ~
T ~
<Xl
<D
..,.
'" 0
+-' C J F M A M J J A SON D ::J 0 4W0
M
'"
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
LS1
M T '"
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
T
..,.
M
'"
0
JFMAMJJA SOND
3Ps
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
'"
C>
'"0
0 0
J F M A M J J A SON D
082
<D T'" ..,.
M
'"
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
<Xl
<D
..,.
'" 0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
4V ..,.
M
'"
0
J F M A ~ J J A SON D
5Y
<Xl 0
<D 0
..,. 0
'" 0
0 0
JFMAMJJA SOND
083
0 C\i
C>
0 0
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
- - - - - -----
- - - -- - -
- - - - - - - - -
Chaetoceros( Phaeoceros ) spp.
2.9 2J
>. co E o c «
:L 1.3 3K
to
N ___ __ _ _ . __ . 2.7. '--=__"'------------~- 3L
2.4 3NO o
--- - --- ---,/-- 1.6 3Ps
_______1- 0.9 4V . -- - - -- --
I------------f~ 0.79 4W
0.43 4X
0.18 5Y
o
0.53 L81/: I --~_.---------\--- 0.97 082 ';"
o
I I I I I I I
0.55 083 III
9 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 1990
Year
N
~~
Thalassiothrix longissima 2J
"' ~
'" 0
0 0
J F M A M J J A SON 0
3NO eo
T~
<D
:= ..,.
'" '"
0 0
+-' C J F M A M J J A SON 0 ::J 0 4WU
~
eo '" 0 0
<D 0 :=
0 "': 0
0 '" 00'" 0 0 0 0
J F M A M J J A SON 0
L81
T <D
'" ..,.
'" '"
0 0
J F M A M J J A SON 0
3K
J F M A M J J A SON 0
3Ps
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
4X
J F M A M J J A SON 0
082
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
Month
eo
<D
..,.
'"
0
0 M
0 N
~
0 0
~
eo 0
<D 0
..,. 0
0'" 0 0
0 N
~
0 0
3L T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
4V
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
5Y
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
083
T T -
J F M A M J J A SON 0
Thalassiothrix longissima
0.54 2J
C')
N .~~P 0.81 3K
1.9 3L >O"""--:;r---=;;-- =--..-- - - - - - - - -/
N 3.2 3NO
"; 3Ps "?
'" >. 6 - f- 004 4V ~ a
E
--------1-- 0.16 4W
a
\ 0.034 4X ---=-- A - - - -?-- - -- ._ .. _ . - - -
'" 0.082 5Y
0 L_. a
(")
~ 0.39 L81 .-----.....---.:;::--::=.-- / - '~-7 ------
";
0.76 082 ~:==-~---------------;=--
~ ~
0045 083
0 N
C 6
« 9
6
'" a 9
(")
";
'" 9 I I I I I II I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
Thalassionema nitzschioides 2J 3K 3L
0
co 6
so 6
"6
C\J 6
0 6
C\J
III C\i
~ C\J
~
~
III 6
0 0
J F M A M J J A S ON D
3NO
T C\J
T 0 TC\i
~
~
III 6
0 6
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A S O N D
3Ps 4V
" T T C')
C\J
Thalassionema nitzschioides o
~I-----''r------------0.21 2J
It) r------""-..:::::::::::::::'"'::::::::::::::';:::::::o:::::~
9
0 o
It)
0.24 3K ~-yL-----------~ ~'<--~----=i-\;
3L: 1 \-~~--::--_-.....-+--\--------I-- 0.41
0.48 3NO ";
~
j --- - - -----------/-- 0.47 3Ps It)
9
It)
ci 1- -----1I 0.62 4V>. j -CO ~
E 0 ... C ci
7\- - - - - --=---- - - - - - - 0.63 4W-c ... 9
0
Ici 0.37 4X
~
~
0.15 5Y 0 ci ~
.......I 7~ N
0.22 L81 >=..-:----~---=~"""' - ----=-- - - - ------- -
0.15 082 o ci .~---------~
<D ci
0.08 083 o ci
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 Year
Nitzschia seriata 2J 3K 3L
+-' c o ~
o
T Q)
o
o o
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
Q)
o T
N o
o o J F M A M J J A SON D
4W <0 o
T..,. o
N 6
o o J F M A M J J A SON D
L81 III
o
o
o
III o o
o 6
J F M A M J J A SON D
o N
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
<0 o T ..,. o
N
o
o o JFMAMJJASOND
082 N
o
Q) o o
..,. o o
o o
J F M A M J J A SON D
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y ~ ..-----------
TQ)
o
o o J F M A M J J A SON D
083
III
o
o o
III o o
o o J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
-----
It) 1-a
a
Nitzschia seriata
0.18 2J
..,.
C\I 0.19 3K a
a
0
It) a 9
~ '"a
9 - - - - - . .. .. _ -...
C> ~
a a
..,. a>.
ct1 C\I
E 9 0 C '"a -c
9
"! a
C\I
9
co a
C\I -- - 9 a a It)
-I-- 0.061 3L
0.064 3NO
0.23 3Ps
0.12 4V------ L 0.064 4W
r
0.068 4X
0.11 5Y
---- 0.034 L81 a 9 ~ /
a
a 0.021 082 It) .L----a 9 ~ a
- 0.035 083..,. a 9
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I1960 1970 1980 1990
Year
Nitzschia delicatissima 2J 3K 3L
CD ci
... ci
C\l ci
o ci
co ci
CD ci
... ci
C\l ci
....... C ::J oo
o ci
T ... ci
C\l ci
o ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
T co ci
... ci
o ci
JFMAMJJASOND
4W
T '" ci
o
ci
o '" ci
o ci
J F M A M J J A S O N D
4V
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
o ci
o ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
J F M A M J J A SON D
082
J F M A M J J A SON D
083 CD ci'"ci (")
ci ... ci ... (") C\l ci
cici
C\l ci C\l
cici
ci
o o o ci ci ci
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Nitzschia delicatissima <D 0 0.098 2J ,~--'" 9
"1
0.055 3KL ~ ____ --0 ~. -I ~---------~-0
0.038 3L
9
M 0 0.083 3NO
. - - - 9
\ 0.11 3Ps
0 '" 0~ ---- - - - --- - 0.017 4V CO .".
E 90
0 l() 0 0C - ------,--- - - 7"-- 0.025 4W<t: 0
0
0.034 4X ,........0
0
l() 1-_ _ ~-_---------- - 0.048 5Y
0
9 .". 0
____ 0.12 LS1 . -----j
'" 9 ------- - --1- /~
0
0
l() 0
_~ '" 0
'" 9
- -
0
0
Il() 0
9
o ..... --- 0.078 082
~.,L---=-------------...e--
l()
o 0.11 083
o
o I I I I I I
1980 I I I I I
1990 I
Year
I I I
1960
Navicula planamembranacea
...... C ::J o o
2J C\J
6
eo Ta 6 JT ... a 6
a 6
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
C\J a 6
a 6
J F M A M J J A SON D
4W
.., s 6
a 6
a a 9
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
J F M A M J J A SON D
3K
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
co a 6
... a 6
a 6
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
.., a a 6
;; +----------\
a a 9
J F M A M J J A SON D
082
... 6
C\J 6
a 6
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
3L
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V C\J
6
co a 6
... a 6
a 6
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
(J) a 6 I C\J a 6 1\;; i==;::::;:::;:::;:::::;::::::;::::::;::::::;::::::;:::::;::::;:::::j
J F M A M J J A SON D
083
J F M A M J J A SON D
-- ----
Navicula planamembranacea
0.015 2J
o
a
'" o 9
~---,;
0.016 3K
'"Cl o
- -0 a
a8 ~ 0.013 3L - - ~
9
~ - -- --~~ ----~--------
0.004 3NO
-e
a 0
/ - ~- :-::::::::::;=:~?"- - -- - --- - ------ - - - 0.0095 3Ps
N 0
9 so 0 a
>. ~:::::::::-::::::;::::::=::.:;:-.::::. 0.014 4V
E 90C'O N
0 0 '" «
0C a o 4W 0
0 ,..;
0 0 '" a o 4X 0
0 ,..;
IX)
a0
0.0032 5Y a0 - ---- --.--=---- -==---
'" N
0.13 L81 o ~ J-;;=00- -
.__---- - - 0.058 082
0.01 083 9 o
I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
--C :J 0 0
2J a '" a (')
a C\I
~
a
J F M A M J J A SON 0
3NO a on -rT a '" a (')
a C\I
~
a
J F M A M J J A SON 0
4W a (')
on C\I
a C\I
~
~
on
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
T
L81
~ T
~
on
a
J F M A M J J A SON 0
Diatoms 3K
TT ~
~
on
a
JFMAMJ J A SON 0
3Ps a ,on
a '" a (')
a C\I
~
a
J F M A M J J A SO N 0
4X
T ~
~
on
--a
J F M A M J J A SON 0
082
~
~
on
a
J F M A M J J A SON 0
Month
a on
a '" a (')
a C\I
~
a
co
CD
'" C\I
a
~
3L
J F M A M J J A SON 0
4V
'T a (')
a C\I
~
a
J F M A M J J A SO N 0
5Y
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
083 T
J F M A MJ J A SON 0
Diatoms
C\J 0
13 2J 0 ~
0.,. 6.2 3K 0C·
~
io \ 12 3L
~
co
C\J 11 3NO 'i
'" ~ 8.4 3Ps 0 ~
~
0 - - - - - - -- - />- I 6.8 4V co
'" E 0 C
5.4 4W« '" ---- --- / ~
3.1 4X'" J _ _0
co .,. 1.5 5Y
. .7 -~.~
io
- --~ 3.3 L81~
io 7 .,.
~-3.9 082
'i
3.7 083
I I I
1960 I I I I I I I
1980 Year
I I I I I
1990 I
.,.
IC\J
~
Ceratium fusus
'" c:i
a '" c:i
a c:i
N
a
+-' C :J 0 0
'" ..,.
C'l
'"
a
a N c:i
a
c:i
a c:i
2J
..,. c:i
C'l c:i
N c:i
c:i
a c:i
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
T '" ..,.
C'l
N
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
4W
T '" C'i
~ N
~ ~
~
c:i'"a c:i
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
T CD c:i
-ec:i
N c:i
a c:i
J F M A M J J A SON D
3K 3L
T '" ..,.
C'l
N
a
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps 4V
T '" T..,.
C'l
N
a
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
T
JFMAMJJASOND
082
T
5Y
..,. TT C'l
N
a
JFMAMJ J A SON D
083
~ TTT ~
'" c:i
a c:i
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Ceratium fusus
0.067 3K
0.047 2J 0
'"a
'" 0
9
lD a
'" 9
Cl-/\ ~~---.-----~ 0.94 3L
Cl
'" --- --~---'7 0.81 3NO -;
1.1 3Ps
>. Cl
.-. - ". _. 0.86 4V en /E
"e- - - - - - - - - - -r - 0.87 4W
on 9
0.56 4X -- ---:--- ..-- - -- - - - -
0
~ on 9
o
o c «
0.62 5Y
\:-/_-'\_1_-.>-=-o
<;>
o
a
0.022 L81 ------ --.- ----
9
0.081 082
____________ 0.63 083 '"<;>
I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I
1960 1980 1990 Year
Ceratium furca 2J
eo a 6
<0 a 6
..,. a 6
N a 6
a 6
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
eo a T6
..,. a 6
a 6 .....
C J F M A M J J A SON D ::J o 4Wo
Ta
6
on a 6
a 6
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
s on
6
a 6
a o 9
J F M A M J J A SON D
<0 ~ a
N a 6
a 6
a
6
on a 6
a 6
N
6
eo a 6
..,. a 6
a 6
a N a
on
6
a
6
on a 6
a 6
3K -
I J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
082
I 1\
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
3L a C") a 6
a N a 6
a a 6
a 6
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V
a N 6 T
on a 6
a 6
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
J F M A M J J A SON D
083
eo a 6
..,. a 6
a 6
J F M A M J J A SON D
Ceratium lineaturn 2J 3K 3L
... C ::J o o
o ~ d I o o d
11\ J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
J F M A M J J A SON D
4W
co o d
'<t o d
o d
1 I
-
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
(') o d I o d 1\
J F M A M J J A SON D
'" 8 d
:; +-----------1
o o 9
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
J F M A M J J A SON D
082
CD o d
T o '" d
o ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
CD o d
o '" d
o d
CD o d
o '" d
o d
o (')
d
o
d'"
o
d
o d
o
d'"
. ~" o
ci
o ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
083
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Ceratium lineaturn '" 06
06
0.001 2J~~~~---. -on 006 If-------~--~~o 3K 0
~
0
6
06
0.0092 3Ll,_~~ ------==-_ ..-------.;---- .---------=
N 6
9
0.079 3NOI -~ N 6
.:::::::::::;::~ M---j1 0.062 3Ps ~---=co--~-----------"-
9
" 06
06
>.COE
0.0052 4V
on0
I -~~-'===_~-~----.==o 4W_ ---C«
6
06
0.0075
(J;) 0 6
" 0
9 0
0.028 4X
6
_--'"-_ ,----- 0.031 5Y on 0
9
N 0 6
0 6 oil 0 6
0
9
0.0015 L81
___ _ L O.0049 082
(J;)
I I I I
0.056 083 "
06
0
9 I I I I I I 1 I I I I
1960 1980 1990 Year
Ceratium tripos 2J 3K 3L
It> To
'"o
a o .....
C ::J o o
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
J F M A M J J A SON D
4W
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
J F M A M J J A SON D
082
J F M A M J J A SON D
083 a '" a o
a a '" o
a a o
a o o o
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
'" o '" o
<I) a o '" o
'<t a a o
a a
J F M A M J J A SON D
- - - - - - - - - - -
Ceratium tripos
0.0078 2J
---~-------,~-f--~--;I ---~-------- 0.011 3K
co ~ o
(\J o 9 ~ 6
'" o 9
: -- ~------T O . 085~--- 3L
9 ~
~,/--\----;;;:---7
0.35 3NO o 6
It"!
0.72 3Ps~ 1 r 9
> 0.62 4V co :
9 I--;::r-~
E o c '"
0.68 4W«
0.78 4X
0.32 5Y
so
I 0.0033 L81 -d-- . ~--o
6
\
I
"=:;:::=::-::;:;/---\::~-------_______::;__ 0.019 082 ~ o 9 ~
6
~--- 0.092 083 o
9 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I r I
1960 1970 1980 1'990 Year
-=- -.-
o 6
o 6
Ceratium macroceros 2J 3K 3L
o o '" 6
o o 6
-e 6
C')
6
'"6
o 6 ......
C ::J o o
U'l
6
-e 6
C')
6
'"ci
o 6
o C') o 6
o o 6 '"
o o 6
o 6
1 1\
J F M A M J J A SON 0
3NO
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
4W
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
L81
.,1 I J F M A M J J A SON 0
C') o 6
o 6
o 6
o
'"6
U'l
6
o 6
U'l o 6
o 6
co 6
... 6
o 6
U'l o o 6
o 6
o o 9
IT J F M A M J J A SON 0
3Ps
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
4X
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
082
J F M A M J J A SON 0
Month
C') o 6
o 6 '"
o 6
o 6
o 6'"
o
6
o 6
<D 6
... 6
'" 6
o 6
J F M A M J J A SON 0
4V
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
5Y
J F M A M J J A SON 0
083
J F M A M J J A SON 0
- - - -
- -
Ceratium macroceros eo ~ 0
0 I 1\6 <') 0 6
0
9 <') 0 6
0
9
L{)
0
9 0
6
L{)
0
9 L{) 0 6~ =/-- --\-
CO 0
E 9 0
« 60C
<')
9
..". 6
N
9 L{)
6
0 6
..".
6
0 6
0
L~-c--A L{) 0 0 6
0.001 2J
0.0035 3K
0.0079 3L
0.026 3NO
-:.o=:::-~----------- 0.019 3Ps
- - -. - - - - - - - - - - - 0.027 4V
~ 0 . 05 8 4W
J- 0.18 4X
0.017 5Y
0.0024 L81
---------~----------~- 0 0
3 N 6
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ 0.15 083j 9
I I , I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1980 1990 Year
I
082
Ceratium horridum 2J 3K 3L
TT<D o eoo o o
-e oo
o o J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO 3Ps 4V
T N o
o o
'"o
6 .,..--------------,
... C J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D ::J
4W 4X 5Y
ToN o
T
o o
N o
6 .,..------------,
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
LSi OS2 OS3 <D o o
III oo ..,.o
o o
~ t------------i
No o
I 11\o o
oo 9
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
oo
-- -
--
- - - -
Ceratium horridum
0.0085 2J
\-- - - - - - - - --::7""""-- 0.041 3L
- 0.051 3NO
0.071 3Ps -
"'I ~a
9
~
co Eo c
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0.024 4V
0.048
--~~~==J v- - - - - - - - - /- 4W«
o
'" a
'" 0
9
0.052 4X
0
0.021 5Ya
'" 0 a
'" 00a
0 L81 0
0 ...;
0a
'" 0
9
~------------,7---- 0.0026 082
'" 0a
'" j-
I I I II I I I
1960
--_ ._ -f- \- - - /
1970
- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - 0.018 083
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1980 1990 Year
0
9
c
Ceratium longipes 2J 3K 3L
T eo ci
-e ci
0 ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
so
It)
-e
C')
C\J
0
-+-' C J F M A M J J A SON D
0 ~
4W0 0 M T
0 C\i
0
0 ci
J F M A M J J A SO N D
L81 It)
ci T 0
ci
It) 0 ci
0 ci
J F M A M J J A S O N D
so ci
"ci
C\J ci
0 ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
It)
C\i
0 C\i
III
~
It)
ci
0 ci
C\J
0
III
~
.,., ci
0 ci
eo ci
w ci
ci" C\J ci
0 ci
T
T ']
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
T
J F M A M J J A SO N D
083
•
T
J FM AMJ J AS O N D
C\J
0
C')
C\J
0
It)
ci
ci" C')
ci
C\J ci
ci
0 ci
....I
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
J F M A M J J A SO N D
082
T
J F M A M J J A SO N D
Month
(')
0
(\l
CIl ci
ci""
0 ci .......
C ::::J 0 o
CD ci
ci""
(\l
ci
0 ci
-eci
(\l
ci
0 ci
Ceratium arcticum 2J
T
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
CIl ci
ci""
0 ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
4W U')
ci
ci""(')
ci
(\l
ci
ci
0 ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
T ci""
(\l
ci
0 ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
3K
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
"'l
q
U').,-; ci
Cl...
'0
ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
T 0 (\l
ci
0
ci
0 ci
J F M A M J J A SO N D
082 0 (')
ci
0 (\l
ci
0
ci
0 ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
3L
T
(\l
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
T T
J F M A M J J A SON D
083
•
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
>. ro E 0 C «
•
:
: N
r;
N ci
N
9
N ci
'" 9
N ci
'<t
9 '<t ci
N
9
N ci
9
'"ci
N
9 .,. ci
N
9
ci
N
9
0
ci
0 ci
Ceratium arcticum
~~A~~~~~~~~~~~~ o . oo 2Jv'~
1.6 3K~7"'~~~-7---
1.6 3L
0.33 3NO
't-- - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.39 3Ps
I ~~=---------------- 0.27 4V
/ 7'""~_::;:;:::::::::::::::O:~--~-------- 0.14 4W
1
-r---- - - - - - - - 0.093 4XI·
0.033 5Y ----=--
0.061 L81 _. - _.- =~;:;.o:;:::::::;;:::::;:::~____=______:_--. --.-- - - -----'---
-I -: 0.081 082
0.051 083 ~ . ~1 . . _. . " .
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ,
1960 1980 1990 Year
- -\
2J ...,
'" ... (')
(\J
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
co T
CD
...
(\J
0
...... C J F M A M J J A SON D ::J 0 4W0
co T CD
...
(\J
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
co 0 T CD 0
"': 0
(\J
0
0 0
J F M A M J J A SON D
Ceratia 3K
'" T ...
(')
(\J
0
JF MAMJ J A SON D
3Ps
T co
CD
...
(\J
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
CD T
(\J
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
082
0
co 0
CD 0
... 0
(\J
0
0 0
JFMAMJ J A SON D
Month
3L
T ~
co
CD
... (\J
0
JFMAMJ JASOND
4V
co T CD
...
(\J
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
CD TT
(\J
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
083
N'" T 0 N
•io
~
io 0
0 0
J F M A M J J A SON D
Ceratia
2J
1.5 3K
3.1 3Lj\ --A~ '" o -~-----
2.4 3NO
3 3Ps
Total Copepods
+-' C ::::::l 0 0
2J --,
8 eo
8 (J)
0 0.,. 0 0
'" 0
J F M A M J J A SON 0
3NO
T 0 0 (J)
0 0.,.
0 0
'" J F M A M J J A SON 0
4W
T 0 0
~
0 0 (J)
0 0
'" 0
J F M A M J J A SON 0
L81 --,
0 0
~
0 0 CD
0 0
'" 0
J F M A M J J A S ON 0
0 0 eo
0 0 (J)
0 0 -e
0 0
'" 0
0 0 (J)
0 0 It)
0 0.,.
0 0,., 0 0
'"
0 0
~
0 0 (J)
0 0
'"
0 0 <Xl
0 0 (J)
0 0.,.
8 '" 0
3K
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
3Ps
J F M A M J J A SON 0
4X
T -,
J F MA M J J A SON 0
082
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
Month
0 0 eo
0 0 (J)
0 0.,.
0 0
'"
8 <Xl
8 (J)
0 0.,. 0 0
'"
0 0
~
0 0
~
0 0 It)
0
0 0 (J)
8.,.
0 0
'"
3L
J F M A M J J A S O N 0
4V
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
5Y
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
083
T
•
J F M A M J J A SON 0
Total Copepods 0 0 CD
350 2J 0 0 ~ ')'
0
0
270 3K
0 M
0
0 0 '?
0...
Calanus fin. finmarchicus
0 In
0 '<t
0 M
0
'" ;?
g
0 0
'"
0 ;?
0 In
0
s 0 '<t
0 M
0
'" ~
-C :::J 0 o
. 0
0 CD
0 '<t
0 N
0
0 0 M
8 N
0 s
0
2J
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
4W
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
3K
0
~ T 0 <Xl
0 CD
0 '<t
0
'"
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps 0
'"
~
~
In
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X 0 <Xl
T 0 CD
0 '<t
0 N
J F M A M J J A SON 0
082 0 ;! T 0
~
0 <0
0 N
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
3L
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V 0 In
0 '<t
0 M
0
'" ~
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y 0 0
'" T 0
~
0 s 0 In
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
083
0 <Xl
0 CD
0 '<t
0 N
0
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
: ~ 46 2J C)I
Calanus tin. ttnmarchlcus
37 3K: I ~/\~ /\. .~ u;>
: I 22 3L
If)
12 3NO u;>
" 8.5 3Ps : 1 ........
0
«c 0
" 16 4W 0 0:::::::;--
>. : I 16 4V co E
0 (\J 24 4X 0 C)I
: I - - 84 L81 '7 \ - -"" 0
" ~- 46 082 0..,
17 083 -. : I C)I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
: I 44 5Y u;>
Calanus helgolandicus
10 a a ci
a o
a a c;i
a a '" ci
a C\l a ci
a a ci
a ci
+oJ
C ::J o ()
a '" ci
a C\l ci
a ci
a ci
10 a a ci
a o
a a c;i
2J
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
J F M A M J J A SON D
4W
J F M A M J J A SON 0
L81
J F M A M J J A SON D
10 a a ci
a ci
a a c;i
a C\l a ci
a a ci
a ci
C\l
ci
co o ci
.,. o ci
a ci
o ci
o ci
3K 3L
8 ci
C\l a ci
a ci
a ci
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps 4V
:1o
ci: /1\ o ci
J F M A M J . J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
4X 5Y
8 ci
C\l o ci
a ci
o
1 11\
o
J F M A M J J A SON 0 J F M A M J J A SON 0
082 083
J F M A M J J A SON 0 J F M A M J J A S O N 0
Month
----
Calanus helgolandicus LO · a a c:i
a
s
o 2J
o I I I I •g I ~ 0 3K a
~
Jjg 0.0027 3L ;; . - l.=o==--"'=9=--=-~=~----------------=--
0.00253NO:'" .~ .:;; LO
o c:i
0.0011 3Ps a '" a ,..; LO
o >. c:i
r-V :::::::::::::::::::::;:::::::;;-;;:;:7 -----4-_ 0.0029 4V co a oE ,..;
o c LO
« c:i 0.015 4W
LO a c:i
0.0071 4X C\l a
CD a c:i
c:i
8c:i 0.0017 5YI oc:i .- - -;:::;- ...0::--=-.....-.-..:= ....--....= ..---
LO a a c:i --------.------- - ----- 0 L81 a a ,...;
0.012 082 »::
1.2 083
I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
a c:i
LO a .:;;
I I I I I I I
Calanus fin. glacialis 2J 3K 3L
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
T
N
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
T a N
Cl
a ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V
co N ci ci
to ci
co a ci '<t
ci '<t a
Nci ci
a a
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
to ci
'<t ci
N ci
Cl a ci ci .....
C J F M A M J J A SON D ::J o 4Wo
lCl
C"lci C"lci ci
a Nci "!ci a
a '" ci ci ci
a a a ci ci ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
083
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81 Cl N
JFMAMJJASOND
082
T '<t '<tci ciT C"l C"lci ci
Cl N Nci ci
lCl ci ci ci
a a aci ci ci
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Calanus fin. glacialis CO! I7--A~--------- 0.71 2J ll)
9
_______ _ 0.073 3NO
,..
- - - - - - - - - - - - 0.024 3Ps
>. 6C\I
0.12 4V CO l-~~~:::.~---------J'--E 9
0.04 4W
0.076 4X - - - - - ------,-=
,.........----- - - - - - - - - - 0.058 5Y
o
o ] 0.23 L81
CO!
c=--~_..;;__-------__:::_ 0.053 082
0.44 3L
0.99 3K j ---::::::---,,---T'-\:-----T....=oL.--\-:~::::::;::;_~---.----------~-
"l
ll)
9
0 ~
ll)
9
6
9
\----,,----- -f-
0 6
,.. 0
9
0 0
C 6« ll) 0
9
,.. 6
o 6 -
.
s
: I -- --~-\ 9
C\I
9
o
_~ 0.055 083 o
9 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
6
Calanus I-IV 2J
8 T.,ex:>
a a <D
a a..,.
a a '" a
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
a a
'" a T ~
a ~
g
-C J F M A M J J A SON D ::J 0 4Wo
a a 10
a a C')
a s a
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
Ta a <D
a a..,.
a a
'" a
JFMAMJJ A SON D
3K a a T10
a a..,. a a C')
a a
'" a ~
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
3L a a C')
a a '"
a ~
a 10
T...,,-
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V a a C')
a a '"
a a 'r
a 10
a
JFMAMJ J A SON D
5Y
T a a ~
a a <D
a a '" a
J FMAMJ J A SON D
083
a a 10
a a C')
a ~
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
a ex:>
a <D
a..,.
a
'"
a a 10
aa..,. a a C')
a a '" a ~
a
a a ex:>
a a <D
a a..,.
8 '" a
...L~ ....L...:
~....L
JFMAMJJ A SON D
4X
TT
J F M A M J J A SON D
082
T
Month
J F M A M J J A SON D
Calanus I-IV
1\ r:=--..... ....... A A _ l ~ ..-V V-'"
o III l----+-~--~ o o -
220 2J
150 3K
150 3L
0 III 72 3NO 0 u;>
43 3Ps /
0 ""'-='----------~ 110 4X 0 I0 ':'
0
'" 0 ':'
4V73
0 OJ
>. 0
'" CO 0
E 'i
4W100
0 0c s« 0 0
o --- - -/ 220 5Y
o o o
o o..,.
o o ':'
110 L81
o o
'" o
o o ':'
'r-------------~- 140 082
88 083
1960 1970 I I I I I I I
1980 Year
I I I I I
1990 I
o \l)
o o
I I I I I I I I I I I I
Calanus V-VI Total 2J
0 0 (') T 0 0
'" 0
~
0 l!l
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
0 l!l T 0 ....
0 (')
0
'" ~
0
+-' C J F M A M J J A SON D ::1 0 4Wo
0 CD T 0 ....
0
'" 0
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
T 0 0 (')
0 0
'" 0 0
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
3K
0
~ T 0 co
0 CD
0 .... 0
'"
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps 0
'"
~
~
l!l
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X 0 co
T 0 CD
0 ....
0
'"
J F M A M J J A SON D
082 0
~ T 0
~
0 CD
0
'" 0
JFMAMJJASOND
Month
3L
T 0 l!l
0 ....
0 (')
0
'" ~
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V 0 l!l
0 -e
0 (')
0
'" ~
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y 0 0
'" 0
~
0
~
0 l!l
0
T
J F M A M J JASOND
083
0 co
0 CD
0 -e
T
..0
'" 0
J F M A M J J A SON 0
Calanus V-VI Total o
" /\ ~. 48 2J ~ l =.J -~~""-;:-~--------~--"'~ - "V
38 3K: ~-~~-~ 22 3L; l'---I~·~ -I-'r-~----'---------I------~
: jl- -t-
-f---\-~
12 3NO
8.5 3Ps: l
16 4V ro >.
: ~ -/------\c--p-. E c
16 4W<t: o
;I ~--~ ~
84 L81:1- .-.\ -----::-47 082
-~--- 18 083: I~
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
24 · 4X
44 5Y
: ~~~ ~
: I ----f--'r--~ u;>
o
" /~/--\-~7.----i-
Neocalanus gracilis 2J 3K
8 ll)
8 ci ci
o o ci ci
0 0
0 0
9 9J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO 3Ps
ll) 0 0 ci
0
ll) 0 0 ci
0 ci ci
0 0
0 0
9 9J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
L81 082
ll) ll)0 0 0 ci ci
0 ci
ll) 0 0 ci
0 0 Ici0
9 J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
3L -
co 0 ci
.... 0 a
C\l 0 ci
0 ci
...,
~
J F M A M J J
I A SON D
4V
~. o a
o ci
0
0
9 J F M A M J J A SON D
083 0
ci'"
0 C\l ci T ~ ..ci
~ -~ - :...L.L
0 a
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
Neocalanus gracilis 10 0 0 a
0
0 ,...;
10 0 0 a
0
0
Gi 0 a
0 a
10 0 0 a
0
3 10 0 0 a
0
0 ,...;
10 0
>- a0
CO E
0
3 0 0
10
«0C a
0
a ,...;
10 0 0 a
0
0 ,...;
10 0 0 a
0
0 ,...;
10 0 0 a
0
0
Iii C\J
o 2J
o 3K
0.0035 3L .i::::=r----.=-- - :;---- - - - - _
o 3NO
-~--~---~---~---------~ 0 3Ps
---------~ 0 4V
0 a
10 0 I .1\0 a 0
a .. 10 0 l9
~-
I
o
o
o
-~-----~-- -~ o
4W
4X
5Y
L81
0.00082082 . ~~. -------- " -.
/ 0.085 083
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
Rhincalanus nasutus
ll) 0 0 0
0 0
0
0
9
ll) 0 0 0
0 0
0
0 ~ 9 C
0 ~
o ll) 0 0 0
0 0
0
0
9
ll) 0 0 0
0 0
0
0
9
2J
J F M A M J J A S O N D
3NO
J F M A M J J A SON D
4W
J F M A M J J A SON D
LS1
J F M A M J J A SO N D
ll) 0 0 0
0 0
;; 0
9
ll) 0 0 0
0 0
;; 0
9
0 (\J 0 0
;; 0
0
0 0
ll)
8 0
0 0
;; 0
9
3K (\J
0 0
eo 0 0 0
C!i 0 0
0 0
J F M A M J J A S ON D
3Ps
ll) 0 0 0
0 0
0
0
9J F M A M J J A S ON D
4X
I ll) 0 0 0
0 0
0
0
I1\ 9
J F M A M J J A S 0 N D
082 0 C'l 0
0 (\J
0
~ 0
0 0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Month
3L
I I\ J F M A M J J A S O N D
4V
J F MAMJJASON D
5Y
J F M A M J J A S ON D
083
.
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
--
Rhincalanus nasutus
0
3 U"> 0 0 6 ----------_. - o L81 0
0 ,..;
U"> 0 0 6 o 082 0
3 2; 6
~
CD 0
9 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
Pseudocalanus elongatus Adult 2J 3K 3L
To N 8
o co
o to
o .... o N
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO 3Ps 4V
o l!l
o to
8 o ....
o l!l
o N
o ...... C :::J o 4W 4X 5Yo g ,------------,o
l!l N T 8
N
o o oN
l!l
o l!l
o o
o o
o l!l
l!l o
oo
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
L81 082 083 C! .r-----------,
co o to o I .... o
o 1\o J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
- - -
Pseudocalanus elongatus Adult
3.7 2J ~
10
a
42 3L
3.9 3K10
u;>
a 10
a u;>
a
a "'r
J- 35 3NO
48 3Ps
a
O '
s ~
i -~ ~~-=-... \~
---\ 67 4X
a 10
a u;>
51 4V ~
>. a 10
ct1 E
a u;>
73 4W 0 C a
« ~
a u;>
31 5Ys l-~~~--=--'~:::;:=:;:::::::~--------....a u;>
0.041 L81:LLl~. _ 0 - ==---------~- 0.33 082..-......- - - / 'r__---=:c~
• 1.9 083a -j--=-:
I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1980 1990 Year
Para-pseudocalanus spp.
a ~
8
a ll)
a
8 N
a ~
a ~
a .- ll)
C :::J 0 o
a a
"" a a (")
a a N
8
<Xl
2J
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
J F M A M J J A SON D
4W
TT :r
l11-L! ~ -L
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
T <D
"" N
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
a <D
a ll)
a
"" a (")
a N
~
a
a a (")
a ll) N
a a N
a ~
a ~
a a <D
a a
"" a a N
a
a ll)
a
"" a (")
a N
~
a
3K
JFMAMJJASOND
3Ps
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
082
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
a a (")
a a N
a ~
a ll)
a a "" a a (")
a a N
a ~
a
a a "" a a (")
a a N
s
a
a <D
a ll)
a
"" a (")
a N
~
3L
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
083
T
•
J F M A M J J A SON D
Para-pseudocalanus spp,
27 2J
a ~
ha Il"l
a "."'
-/---~
a '<t
a
a "t
==--_-J---------_. 22 3K
a ~ 130 3L6 ..~--. - -7";;/ 'a a
a Il"l ~-------- 120 3NO a a
140 3Ps a ~
a a
1 -
>. a ~
ro a
E "."'
130 4V - - - - - - - - -- ---- ..,
0 8
« C C\l
"'-0_ --'-- _ 170 4W"-~ a a
./-_ ,, ~-- 190 4X
120 5Y: 1--" ~ -""'-F "-. - - - - -- 1.9- ( L81
-,- - - - - - - - 7"- 8.8 082
27 083 : 1
I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1980 1990 Year
_.
a
:l-
a 1 "t
:1-- - -~ ')'
Temora longicornis 2J 3K 3L
...... C ::J 0 0
Q)
ci
<D ci I.... ci
ci'" I!\ 0 ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO 0 0 (') T T 0 0
'"
0 '
~
0
'" 0
J F M A M J J A SON D
4W
0 T0
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0 0 (')
8
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81 0 M
~
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0 a
J F M A M J J A SON D
~
~
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....
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J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps 0 0 (')
0 0
'"
0
~
0
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JFMAMJJASOND
4X
0
~
0 Q)
0 u»
0 .... 0
'" 0
JFMAMJJASOND
082
0 '" 0 a
0 a
0
a 9
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
0 0
'" 0
~
8
0
'"
0
0 0
'"
0 0 (')
0 0
0
0
'" 0 ....
0 (')
0
'" ~
0
CJ) CJ)
. CJ)
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CJ) CJ) CJ) CJ)
,...:
0 0 0 0 <i
0 a
T
JFMAMJJASOND
4V
T
JFMAMJJASOND
5Y
Li-
J F M A M J J A SON D
083
I e,
J F M A M J J A SON D
Temora longicornis .... ci ~~~_,J\- 2J~ -=------:>~-----7'----------- 0.035
e
1.9 3K
64 3L
:~-+u;>
95 3NO
8 '" o
86 3Ps
87 4V~ : I \ ~ ..= --= E
95 4W ~-~ . :k-A~------
32 4X: t_~--------=--
: j-/--\ ---=------~"'-~~--~ 6.8 5Y
0.16 L81 = l- --~ --- __ 8 "' ci
I •• " I I' • I ••• o 082 o
~ .
'" -e
1.5 083'"
I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I
1960 1980 1990 Year
Acartia spp.
of-'
C ::::J 0 0
::::
~
s co
<D
... (\j
a
~
co
<D
... (\j
a
a (\j
~
~
'"
a
'"N
~ (\j
~
a
'"a a a
2J
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
4W
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
J F M A M J J A SON D
3K
co
<D
...
(\j
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
~
~
co
CD
(\j
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
(\j '" a T(\j
~
~
'" a
J F M A M J J A SON D
082 ...
'" (\j
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
IT
Month
3L
~
~
'"
a
'" a... a
'" a (\j
~
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
a
'" a... a '" a (\j
~
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
083 ~
co
<D
... •.
(\j
a
J F M A M J J A SON D
Acartia spp.
2J3
~
f 10
":'
3K2.4~ 10
":'
3L7.2
'" 3.1 3NOtC)l
4.2 3Ps
5 4V
":'
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":'
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'9
>. ~
m 0
E 0 c «
4.8 4X
o
'" o
14 5Y
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0.4 L81
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I I I I I I I I I I I I
2.3 083
I I I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 Year
Centropages typicus 2J 3K 3L
"1
~
III ci
0 ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
0
~
0 <0
0
'" 0 .... 0
'" 0
...... C J F M A M J J A SON D ::J 0 4Wo
0 0 .... T 0 0 C'l
0 0
'" 0
~
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
III 0 0 ci
0 ci
0
0
9 J F M A M J J A SON D
<0 ci
.... ci
0 ci
III
'" 0
'" ~
~
III
0
0 0 .... 0 0 C'l
0 0
'" 0 s
0
~
<0 ci
'"ci
.... ci
'"ci
0 ci
I I1\
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
082 -
I J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
J F M A M J J A SON D
....
C'l
'"
0
4V
0 T ~
0 <0
0
'" 0 .... 0
'" 0
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
0 0 III
0 0 C'l
0 0
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
083 0 M
0 C\i
~
0 ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
Centropages typicus
:L 0.098 2J o .. ,' ,-=s= . Q.. -..,. ci
C\I
9
:,.
: on
u;>
>. 0
CO ~
E0
0 on
«C 0
0 u;>
0
0.046 3K +-------.;;:;:=~~____7--\~------~------~-
~ \/l ~/~~_r,~,_-.~-.-~ 0.61 3L
17 3NOj,--=f--\-j
3.2 3Ps/
16 4V ~ -~ .....-
- 48 4W
95 4X ~
140 5Y;1-- - -on o o ci ~~-~-~~---- -- - -- --- "- - --~ 0 L81
o
:3
0.04 082:0',1 - --J~-=;::;-A~ ~_.------- - .......
0.59 083: 1,·-- 9
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
Oithona spp.
...... C ::J 0 o
2J 0
~
0
~
0 I{)
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
T s0
0 CX)
0 <D
0
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0
J F M A M J J A SON D
4W
0
~
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0 <D
0 ....1-L '" 0 N
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
T 0 <')
0 N
s
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
3K
0 TCX)
0 <D
0
'" 0 N
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps 0
'!?
T0
~
0 CX)
0 <D
0
'" 0 N
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
0 T T ~
0 CX)
0 <D
0
'" 0 N
0
JFMAMJJASOND
082 0
~ T 0
~
0 I{)
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
3L 0 0 N
0
~
0
~
0 I{)
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V
0 CX) TT 0 <D
0
'" 0 N
....L
0
~
0 CX)
0 <D
0
'" 0 N
0
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
083 0 CX)
0 <D
0
'" 0 N
0
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
0.77 2J
0.33 3K
0.12 3L
0.12 3NO
0.075 3Ps
0.18 4V
0.014 4W
0.041 4X
0.61 5Y
2 L81
1.4 082
0.64 083
9
o ci
<D>. ci
co 9E N
o o c e-
« ci
o ci
II)
o ci
II)
ci
II)
ci
"c----.I--:;~/'_\--------------II)
9
• -.
II)
ci
II)
9 I I I I
1960
Euchaeta norvegica
: ~ __--,~c--~-j~~_~--::::;~
~ I vv"~~N\------'-\..~----------.. ~ ------/'- z----,. b-_ _ ~_/ N ........... ~ ~ ~.L-~-~---------,.........
_ -- - - - - - - - - - - -
- -- ~ -----------
"-
\.- - - - - - - - - - - - -
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1970 1980 1990 Year
Metridia lucens 2J
<0 ci
.. ci
'" ci
a ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
.. ci T '" o
'" ci
ci
q a
+-' C J F M A M J J A SON D :::J 0 4Wo
<0
Il}
.. '" '"
a
J F M A M J JASOND
L81 Il}
ci .. ci
'"ci
ci'"
ci
a ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
.. ci
'"ci
ci'"
ci
a ci
io N
q
'" ~
q
Il}
ci
a ci
eo
<0
.. '" a
q
'" ~
q
Il}
ci
a ci
3K 3L a '" ci
Il}
ci
a ci
Il} a ci
a ci
J F M A M J J A SON D JFMAMJJASOND
3Ps 4V
q
'" T ~
q
io ci
a ci
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
4X 5Y
T a '"
a '"
~
a
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J JASOND
082 083
T Il}
N
~
Il}
ci
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
--
Metridia lucens <D
0.044 2J:L _6
0.058 3K \----=--~-------.
lO
6
---/-b~--=---+-----\---I-+-:------------- 0.063 3L o
9 C\I 6
0.068 3NO
C\I
9
C\I 6
\
-e 6
-e 9
0.31 3Ps
>. co E
lO
6
lO
9
0.4 4V
o c « 1.4 4W
... C\I
o "'--=c-l-----------~ 2.2 4X
lO
o 3 5Y
- - - - 0.078 L81 C\I
9
..
o
lO
9
0.47 082 ~,---------~
~l ---~---- 0.92 083 9
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
III
Pleuromamma robusta
a c:i
III a a c:i
a c:i
...... C ::J o o
a <')
c:i
a N c:i
a c:i
a c:i
a N c:i
a
c:i
a c:i
2J
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
J F M A M J J
4W
T
J F M A M J J
A SON D
A SON D
L81
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
a N a c:i
a a c:i
a c:i
a ~ c:i
a a c:i
a c:i
a
3K
I 11\
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
I 11\
JFMAMJJASOND
4X 8.,.-------------,c:i
a o c:i
a c:i
J F M A M J J A SON D
082
a N Tc:i
a c:i
q a
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
CD a c:i
a c:i
a N a c:i
a a c:i
a c:i
CD a c:i
a c:i
3L
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
1\ J F M A M J J A SON D
083
co c:i
.... c:i
q a
•
J F M·A M J J AS 0 N D
---->
co E o c «
Pleuromamma robusta o a c::i
\:::; ::::::: ::;:::::;::~?,"\~?"", ;;::;--~-------0 . 00 1 5 2J o a c::i
: ~~:~~~~~~~_.~ ~_ 0 . 0 0 1 1 3K
0.0032 3L:I ~ c::i • --- - ' ''''''''''_=;::
o
:
.,.
1__~_~~~~~~~_ _ ~ ~ 0 . 004 8 3N~ 9
0.0011 3Ps;l A~--==- ... ~---------;::::::o N '"
.
"""o c::i
0.0022 4V l/l o o 9 l/l
c::i
0.015 4W o c::i ..-"'
0.0033 4X
o c::i
:g o c::i
0.0028 5Y o c::i
---. -~------- 0.016 LS1 CD o 9 l/l
; I ~- 0.~8 ~S2~
c::i >==I---\-r-,__
I I I I I I I I
-------------~ 0.21 ~S3
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
Pleuromamma borealis
... C :::J 0 o
I/") 0 0 ci
0 ci
0
0
9
C')
ci
'"ci
ci
0 ci
0 C') 0 ci
'0
0 '" ci
0
0 ci
0 ci
'" ci
Q) 0 ci
... 0 ci
0 0
2J
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
I J F M A M J J A SON D
4W
I I\
J F M A M J J A SON D
L51
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
3K
I/") 0 0 ci
0 ci
0
0
9 J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
I/") 0 0 ci
0 ci
0
0
9 JFMAMJJASOND
4X
I/") T ci
I/") 0 ci
0 ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
052 ... ci
C')
ci
'"ci
ci
Cl 0
u.
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
3L 0 C')
ci
0
ci'"
0
ci
0 ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
4V
I/") 0 0 ci
0 ci
0
0
9 J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y r-'
<D 0 ci
3 ci
0 '" ci
0 1\ ci
J F M A M J J A SON D
053
~
Q)
<D
...
'" 0
J F M A M J J A SON D
Pleuromamma borealis Ul a a ci o 2J a 0 ,...;
Ul
a ci o "3K a
a t~
.... ci
I 0.017 3L a .. • c:;:::ci
.... a ci
--.::::::;7""":;- - - -- - - - - - - - - - 0.018 3NO <D a ci
III a a ci o 3Ps a a ,...;
Ul a a
~ ci o 4V CO a
E ,...; Ul
C ci 0.0013 4W ·«
0 a
a 1_a ci
a ci
a -------.''-=J --- 4X"'-'-cL 0.011ci /' u, a ci
0.0028 5Y III a a 9 (\J a a
--.;::::;------- - - - 0.012 L81 .... a ci
0.08 082 =----------~
I --.'
(\J
a ;-------~\_____;:-------------" 3.4 083 C)l
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1980 1990 Year
N ci
9
Pleuromamma gracilis
III a a c:i
a c:i
a a 9
+oJ
C ::J 0 o
III a a c:i
a c:i
a a -9
III a a c:i
a c:i
~ a 9
~ a c:i
eo a a c:i
8 c:i
a c:i
2J
J F M A M J J A SON 0
3NO
J F M A M J J A SON 0
4W
J F M A M J J A SON 0
L81
I I'\
J F M A M J J A SON 0
III a a c:i
a c:i
a a 9
III a a c:i
a c:i
a a 9
III
a c:i
III a a c:i
a c:i
C') a c:i
a c:i
q a
3K
J F M A M J J A SON 0
3Ps
JFMAMJJASOND
4X
I I1\
J F M A M J J A SON 0
082
I....
I\ III c:i
a c:i
J F M A M J J A SON 0 J F M A M J J A SON 0
Month
3L -
'" a c:i
.... a c:i
a '" c:i ~a c:i
J F M A M J J A SON 0
4V
III a a c:i
a c:i
a a 9
JFMAMJJASOND
5Y
III
8 c:i
a c:i
a a 9
J F M A M J J A SON 0
083 III N
a T N
III
,. q
Pleuromamma gracilis
: I o 2J
It')
8
J
0
0
§
,----~~------I ---+--------.- 0 3K
<Xl 0 0
0 0
/\ 0.0032'-_ _..._~ _.__~_-=-==_---i-~-~--------=--I 3L
o 3NO
It') 0 0 0
0
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§
~
CO E 0 c «
It') 0 0 0
0
0 ,.;
It') 0 0 0
0
t o
o
4W
4V
0 0
0.00078 4X c;>
;; 0
N 0 0
o 5Y
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0
0 ,.;
N
0 0
1\ 0.00059 L81 0 ____-.~~--=o= ~~-'i-------~;---..;---------0
0 .0019 082
..,. o
I I I I I
;I---''r-j-- 'I;-
I I I
- - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.41 083 ..,. c;>
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
ILl a a c:i
a c:i
a a 9
+oJ
C :::]
o o
M c:i
<0 a c:i
a c:i
c:i
'"c:i
a c:i
ILl a a c:i
a c:i
a a 9
Candacia armata 2J 3K 3L
ILl a a c:i
a
ILl a a c:i
a c:i c:i
a a a o 9 9
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO 3Ps 4V
T a ~ c:i
a a c:i
a c:i
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON 0
c:i
4W 4X 5Y
T <0 c:i
-ec:i
c:i
a
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I ..,. a c:i
a '" c:i
11\ a
c:i c:i
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON 0
L81 082 083
T ..,. a c:i
T a
c:i
a c:i'"c:i
a a c:i c:i
J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON D J F M A M J J A SON 0
Month
co c:i .
C'l a <0c:i c:i T
..,.
----
Candacia armata It) 0 0 ci o 0
0 --' It) 0 0 ci o 0
0 --' It)
8 o
j------------------------~ 0 0
0 --' ..,. 0 o
__-c. 0.019 N 0
9
2J
3K
3L
3NO
It)
0 ci
It) 0 0 ,...;
N 0
>. ci 0.004
._ - =:0>""-<.;= . - -~:;:::;::::::--__;r_~~----------_r_-- - -,---:;Ja:s 0 1
E 9 0 (!;
r---:=::;;:=:;:;---~::::::;:;:_------~_r'--------'----I- 0.0046<X: ..,. 0
c o
I 9
N ci / -__.-= ~ .----------I_ 0.079 9 ..,. o 0
, 1\ 0.0037 0 -~-~:::::;:::::o:::- .....__- - - . 9 It) 0 0 o --------~- .__ ._ --~-- o
0
0 --' ..,. 0 ci
0.0043 0 9
..:, C'l
ci
- - - ---- --- 0.14
9 I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I
1960 1980 1990 Year
4V
4W
4X
5Y
L81
082
083
'" 8 ci
o ci
2J
Padan spp. 3K 3L
8 '" ci
o ci
Padan spp. III 0 0 a
0
~ I
. . o 2J
III 0 0 a j------.----------~~-~-------+- 0 3K
0
0 ,..;
2.1 3L ~
~III
~
~
III 4.6 3NO j--~-~===-........ =-.....;:--::;---~~ -------------
0
~
III 3.6 3Ps~~-~---=-
~
~
>. <D
1.6 4V m '" -_. - - --'\;;:::::;::::::;:::~~
E c
III« 0
~
~---::::;;~;:-------.:--~~---------i_ 3.7 . 4W0
3.2 4X 7
or 1.4 5Y
C>
III
9
0.058 L81 - - ---_.- -- -~--...---------III
9
0.19 082
I I
0.49 083
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
Evadne spp. 3K
JFMAMJJASOND
3Ps
T
2J
1 I1\
J F M A M J J A SON 0
3NO
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
4W
J F M A M J J A SO N 0
4X
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0
082
11 /1\
J F M A M J J A SON 0
Month
a a C\I
a ~
a a
a It>
a
a co
a <D
a '<t
a C\I
a
a ~
a ~
a It>
a
s
3L
T
J F M A M J J A SO N 0
5Y
T
<.
J F M A M J J A SON 0
083
T
\
A SO N 0
T
<D d
-e d
C\I d
a d
a a C\I
a It>-sa
a It>
a
It> a a d
a d
a ;; 9
a a C\I
a ~
a ~
a It>
a
J F M A M J J
4V
--C ::]
0 o
a <D
a It>
a '<t
a
'" a C\I
~
a
co d
<D d
d ~
N d
a d
J F M A M J J A SON 0
L81
1 I1\
co
<D
'<t
C\I
a
T
J F M A M J J A SON 0J F M A M J J A SON 0
a <D
a ~
a N
a
a N
~
q
It> d
a d
--
- -
J
... 0
(\j
9
'" 8 d
0
~
0 ~
0 If 0 co
0... 0 C)l
~
0
'" 0 If
>. CO E 0 c «
0 (\j
0 C)l
~
0
0
0 co
0... 0 C)l
Evadne spp.
0.032 2J
I o 3K
19 3L~
~.
-"'=----==--
20 3NO
27 3Ps
10 4V--;1'- ----------~-
-----?~---'--------~- 11 4W
10 4X -.--- - - - - - - - - - - ;:---
0 12 5Y'"
0
(\j
0 0.038 LS1. . . --- (\j
9
0.16 082.. .'oi==o------::: --:;;>'~--=---------__=
o . - - - - 1.2 083
I I I I
/
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
Clione limacina 2J 3K 3L
...... C
o ~
o
J F M A M J J A SON 0
3NO
J F M A M J J A SON 0
4W
J F M A M J J A SON 0
L81
J F M A M J J A SON 0
o
o.'"
o '"o
o
o
o o
o '"o
o
o
o o
o
'"o
o
o
o o
J F M A M J J A SON 0
3Ps o
o'"
o '"o T o o
o o
J F M A M J J A SON 0
4X
io
o
o o
Ii) o o
o o
J F M A M J J A SON 0
082 g o
o
o'"
o
o
o o
J F M A M J J A SON 0
'"o
o o
eo o o
.... o o
o o
T
J F M A M J J
4V
J F M A M J J
5Y
A SON 0
A SON 0
A SON 0
IT
J F M A M J J
083
J F M A M J J A SON 0
Month
- - - - - - - - - - - -
Cliane limacina v ci
~~ 0.08 2J N
<;i
- - - - - - - - ---.- 0.045 3K
0.075 3L
III
ci
-j--\-A.-
0.067 3NO III 0
<;i 0
ci
0.062 3Ps III 0
<;i
CD
>-0 ci
0.023 4V CO v
E 0 <;i
0 c ci
v
0.06 4W<C 0 ci
- - - - - - - - - ---:-- 0.027 4X <;i 0
ci 0.014 5Y
0.061 L81
- - - - - - - - - 0.051 082
l - - -;-- - /-- - --\- - -f- "":--
III 0 ci
0
<;i
CD ci
0 ci
7"<- -
v 0 ci
v 0
7"'\- - -
~=...c::::a__-~,,-------------1-- ._. 1 - -f- f-'<--!-
III 0
<;i
N ci
N
<;i 0
ci
III 0
<;i CD 0 ci
N 0 <;i
I I I I II I I I I I II I I I II I I
__~-_----------- 0.018 083
1960 1970 1980 1990 Year
Chaetognatha Eyecount
.... C
0 ~
o
C!
co 0
'" 0
..,. 0
C\l 0
a 0
~
co
so
..,.
C\l
a
'" ..,.
C\l
a
a N
III
C!
lO 0
a 0
2J
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
3NO
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
4W
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
L81
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
III
C!
lO 0
a 0
C! C\l
III
C!
lO 0
a 0
..,.
'"
C\l
a
III C\l
a N
lO
C!
lO 0
3K
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
3Ps
J F M A M J J A SON D
4X
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
082
T
T
J F M A M J J A SON D
3L a N T
III
a
lO 0
J F M A M J J ~ SON D
4V
a N
III ~
C!
lO 0
a 0
J F M A M J J A SON D
5Y
..,. 0
C\l 0
a 0
J F M A M J J A SON D
083
lO
..,.
'" C\l
J F M A M J J A SON D
Month
- - - - - - - - - -
Chaetognatha Eyecount
0.2 2J: ~--~~----.. 0.25 3K
0.84 3Ps
a
I~ 0.46 4V ro Il) -E 9
0 ... C N
1.2 4W a-c ----:--r-~-~=___::;::::::::::::::::T---------~
')l
N />:« a - ~-r_ .~~~~~-------I- 1.3 4X ')l - ...- ........-~"'.
N
o 1-- _-'"---~f ~-----------..- 0.079 5Y 9
N
0.59 L81 :=---1-.._-- - - • .- -~
N
o j-- - ---;;""'c---f
<D
9
\--~f-----------'\---- 0.62 3L
1.7 3NO N
I -";"
- --\--
a
I-ll)
9
Il)
ci \
Il)
o 2.2 083
a
I I I I I I I I I I I II I I
1960 1980 1990 Year
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