J-Trend Certified Test Report-Garbage Bag and elongation properties of plastics ... Whilst both the additive and control films gave a broadly similar carbonyl index response at the

J-Trend Systems, Inc. Tel:+886(0)3 3150581 Fax:+886(0)3 3150583 website: www.d2w.biz www.jtrend-systems.com 1

Your Reliable Source of Oxo-Biodegradable Plastics

CEN, the European Standards Organisation: " as "degradation identified as resulting from oxidative cleavage of macromolecules." And oxo-biodegradation as "degradation identified as resulting from oxidative and cell-mediated phenomena, either simultaneously or successively."

Test Report: J-Trend Garbage Bag

J-Trend Systems, Inc. Authorized Distributor of d2w Oxo-Biodegradable Plastic Technolgoy in Asia

Member of Oxo-Biodegradable Plastic Association

9F., No.101, Xinpu 6th St., Taoyuan City, Taoyuan County 330, Taiwan

[email protected]

The contents and data used in this report is generated by symphony's laboratory that is equipped with professional test facilities and staff trainned by third party laboratory.


1.0. Reference – Testing Portcol

Testing Protocol of d2w Plastics to ASTM Standards ASTM Standards used by Symphony to Test Degradable Plastics

ASTM D 1238 – Is the test method that covers the measurement of the rate of extrusion of molten resins through a die of a specified length and diameter under prescribed conditions of temperature, load, and piston position in the barrel as the timed measurement is being made.

ASTM D 882 -This test method covers the determination of the comparative tensile strength and elongation properties of plastics in the form of films less than 1.00mm (0.04 in.) in thickness.

ASTM D 3826 -This practice covers the determination of a degradation-end point (a brittle point) for degradable polyethylene/polypropylene films and sheeting less than 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) thick. This practice is not intended for determination of the rate of degree of degradation of a polyethylene/polypropylene film or sheet, but rather, to assess when in the course of its degradation under some condition, a brittle point is reached.

ASTM G 53 + ASTM D 5208 -These test methods cover the principles and operating procedures for using the fluorescent ultraviolet (UV) and condensation apparatus to stimulate the deterioration caused by sunlight and water as rain or dew.

ASTM D 5576 -Using an FTIR spectrometer, the accumulation of chemical products with carbonyl groups in polyolefins is monitored.

ASTM D 5510 -This method is standard practice for heat aging. This simulates the conditions in landfill and composting environments.

UK Testing Facility Products containing our d2w® additives are tested to monitor degradation through changes in the Aesthetics, Chemical and Mechanical properties of the product as described in ASTM Standards. Symphony Environmental Ltd is a subsidiary of Symphony Environmental Technologies Plc 6 Elstree Gate, Elstree Way, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire WD6 1JD, United Kingdom

Tel: +44 208 207 5900 Fax: +44 208 207 7632


Date: August 11, 2010 Test Reference No: 2212,2213,2150,1690,1924,1957, 1502,1452,1422,1347,1289

2.0. Aims By request of our distributor in China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Korea and Japan a quality test was performed at Symphony Environmental Ltd. Laboratory, with the purpose to observe the oxo-degradable response of a polypropylene film containing a pro-dregradant additive by means of accelerated UV and thermal ageing. The information presented in this report was taken from Symphony Report No.2212,2213,2150, 1690,1924,1957,1502,1452,1422,1347,1289 3.0. Conclusions 3.1. Test Reference No. 2212 The results of the UV ageing tests demonstrate that in each case the film sample containing the d2w prodegradant additive has degraded to a greater extent than the control sample. The film samples containing the additive demonstrate a larger change in carbonyl optical density measurement than the respective control film samples at the conclusion of the test (Figure 1). This result is consistent with the film samples containing the prodegradant additive being in a more advanced state of degradation. The sample containing d2w reached a carbonyl optical density value of 0.0123 after 192 hours UV ageing indicating that it has reached an extent of embrittlement equivalent to an elongation at break (EaB) reduction of >95% where as the control sample without additive showed an increase in carbonyl optical density of only 0.0016. This result is consistent with inclusion of d2w promoting degradation in the film sample. This result is confirmed by observation: at the end of the ageing test the oxo-biodegradable film shows signs of breakdown whilst the control sample is still largely intact. 3.2. Test Reference No. 2213 The results of the UV ageing tests demonstrate that in each case the film sample containing the d2w prodegradant additive has degraded to a greater extent than the control sample. The film samples containing the additive demonstrate a larger change in carbonyl optical density measurement than the respective control film samples at the conclusion of the test (Figure 1). This result is consistent with the film samples containing the prodegradant additive being in a more advanced state of degradation. The sample containing d2w reached a carbonyl optical density value of 0.0120 after 288 hours UV ageing indicating that it has reached an extent of embrittlement equivalent to an elongation at break (EaB) reduction of >95% where as the control sample without additive showed an increase in carbonyl optical density of only 0.0043. This result is consistent with inclusion of d2w promoting degradation in the film sample. This result is confirmed by observation: at the end of the ageing test the oxo-biodegradable film shows signs of breakdown whilst the control sample is still largely intact.


3.3. Test Reference No. 2150 The results of the UV ageing test demonstrate that the film sample containing the d2w prodegradant additive has degraded to a greater extent than the control sample. The film containing the additive demonstrates a larger change in carbonyl optical density measurement than the respective control film at the conclusion of the test (Figure 1). This result is consistent with the film containing the prodegradant additive being in a more advanced state of degradation. The sample containing d2w reached a carbonyl optical density value of 0.0068 after 400 hours UV ageing; the control sample without additive demonstrated an increase in carbonyl optical density of only 0.0012. This result is consistent with inclusion of d2w promoting degradation in the film sample. This result is confirmed by observation: at the end of the ageing test the oxo-biodegradable film shows signs of breakdown whilst the control sample is still largely intact. (Picture 1) 3.4. Test Reference No. 1690 The results of the UV ageing tests demonstrate that the film samples containing the d2w prodegradant additive have degraded to a greater extent than their respective control samples. The film samples containing the additive have demonstrated a larger carbonyl optical density measurement than the respective control films at the conclusion of the test (Figure 1-3). This result is consistent with the film samples containing the prodegradant additive being in a more advanced state of degradation. These results are consistent with inclusion of d2w promoting degradation in the film samples. These conclusions are confirmed by observation: at the end of each test the samples with d2w demonstrate a greater extend of embrittlement than their respective control sample (Picture 1-3). 3.5. Test Reference No. 1924 The results of the UV ageing tests demonstrate that in each case the film sample containing the d2w prodegradant additive has degraded to a greater extent than the control sample. The film samples containing the additive demonstrate a larger change in carbonyl optical density measurement than the respective control film samples at the conclusion of the test (Figure 1). This result is consistent with the film samples containing the prodegradant additive being in a more advanced state of degradation. The sample containing d2w reached a carbonyl optical density value of 0.0101 after 320 hours UV ageing indicating that it has reached an extent of embrittlement equivalent to an elongation at break (EaB) reduction of >95% where as the control sample without additive showed an increase in carbonyl optical density of only 0.0022. This result is consistent with inclusion of d2w promoting degradation in the film sample.


3.6. Test Reference No. 1957 The results of the UV ageing test demonstrates that the film containing the oxo-degradable additive has degraded to a greater extent than the control sample. Whilst both the additive and control films gave a broadly similar carbonyl index response at the conclusion of the test, observation showed that the oxo-degradable film had demonstrated a greater extent of embrittlement than control film (Picture 1). This result is consistent with the inclusion of d2w promoting degradation in the film sample. 3.7. Test Reference No. 1502 The results of the UV ageing test demonstrate that the film sample containing the d2w prodegradant additive has degraded to a greater extent than the control sample. The film containing the additive demonstrates a larger change in carbonyl optical density measurement than the respective control film at the conclusion of the test (Figure 1). This result is consistent with the film containing the prodegradant additive being in a more advanced state of degradation. The sample containing d2w reached a carbonyl optical density value of 0.0035 after 360 hours UV ageing; the control sample without additive demonstrated an increase in carbonyl optical density of only 0.0019. This result is consistent with inclusion of d2w promoting degradation in the film sample. 3.8. Test Reference No. 1452 The results of the UV ageing test demonstrates that the black film containing the oxo-degradable additive has degraded to a greater extent than the control sample. The film containing the additive demonstrates a larger carbonyl index measurement than the control sample at the conclusion of the test (Figure 1). This result is consistent with the film being in a more advanced state of degradation and with the d2w additive promoting degradation. 3.9. Test Reference No. 1422 The results of the UV ageing test demonstrates that the film containing the oxo-degradable additive has degraded to a greater extent than the control sample. The film containing the additive demonstrates a larger carbonyl index measurement than the control sample at the conclusion of the test (Figure 1). This result is consistent with the film being in a more advanced state of degradation and with the d2w additive promoting degradation. 3.10. Test Reference No. 1347 The results of the UV ageing test demonstrate that the film sample containing the d2w prodegradant additive has degraded to a greater extent than the control sample.


The film containing the additive demonstrates a larger change in carbonyl optical density measurement than the respective control film at the conclusion of the test (Figure 1). This result is consistent with the film containing the prodegradant additive being in a more advanced state of degradation. The sample containing d2w reached a carbonyl optical density value of 0.0109 after 192 hours UV ageing indicating that it has reached an extent of embrittlement equivalent to an elongation at break (EaB) reduction of >95% where as the control sample without additive showed an increase in carbonyl optical density of only 0.0037. This result is consistent with inclusion of d2w promoting degradation in the film sample 3.11. Test Reference No. 1289 The results of the UV ageing test demonstrate that the film sample containing the d2w prodegradant additive has degraded to a greater extent than the control sample. The film containing the additive demonstrates a larger change in carbonyl optical density measurement than the respective control film at the conclusion of the test (Figure 1). This result is consistent with the film containing the prodegradant additive being in a more advanced state of degradation. The sample containing d2w reached a carbonyl optical density value of 0.0108 after 144 hours UV ageing indicating that it has reached an extent of embrittlement equivalent to an elongation at break (EaB) reduction of >95% where as the control sample without additive showed an increase in carbonyl optical density of only 0.0020. This result is consistent with inclusion of d2w promoting degradation in the film sample 4.0. Sample Description 4.1. Test Reference No. 2212 Polymer type: LDPE Samples provided: A) 16μm Garbage bag with d2w oxo-biodegradable additive

B) 35μm Control Bag without additive Additive system: 93389

4.2. Test Reference No. 2213 Polymer type: LDPE Samples provided: A) 10μm Garbage bag with d2w oxo-biodegradable additive

B) 8μm Control Bag without additive Additive system: 93389 4.3. Test Reference No. 2150 Polymer type: HDPE/LDPE Samples provided: A) 16μm Garbage bag with d2w oxo-biodegradable additive

B) 18μm Control Bag without additive Additive system: 93389


4.4. Test Reference No. 1690 Polymer type: Polyethylene Samples provided: Group 1 - 10μm Garbage bag with d2w oxo-biodegradable

additive Group 1 - 10μm Control Bag without additive Group 2 - 8μm Garbage bag with d2w oxo-biodegradable

additive Group 2 - 8μm Control Bag without additive Group 3 - 12μm Garbage bag with d2w oxo-biodegradable

additive Group 3 - 12μm Control Bag without additive

Additive system: 93389 4.5. Test Reference No. 1924 Polymer type: LDPE Samples provided: A) Garbage bag with d2w oxo-biodegradable additive

B) Control Bag without additive Additive system: 93389 Thickness: 60μm 4.6. Test Reference No. 1957 Polymer type: HDPE Samples provided: A) 18μm Garbage bag with d2w oxo-biodegradable additive

B) 14μm Control Bag without additive Additive system: 93389 4.7. Test Reference No. 1502 Polymer type: PE Samples provided: A) Garbage bag with d2w oxo-biodegradable additive

B) Control Bag without additive Additive system: 93389 Thickness: 8μm 4.8. Test Reference No. 1452 Polymer type: LDPE Samples provided: A) Garbage bag with d2w oxo-biodegradable additive

B) Control Bag without additive Additive system: 93389 Thickness: 24μm 4.9. Test Reference No. 1422 Polymer type: LDPE/LLDPE Samples provided: A) 28μm Garbage bag with d2w oxo-biodegradable additive

B) 18μm Control Bag without additive Additive system: 93389 4.10. Test Reference No. 1347 Polymer type: LDPE Samples provided: A) Garbage bag with d2w oxo-biodegradable additive


B) Control Bag without additive Additive system: 93389 Thickness: 30μm 4.11. Test Reference No. 1289 Polymer type: LDPE/LLDPE Samples provided: A) Garbage bag with d2w oxo-biodegradable additive

B) Control Bag without additive Additive system: 93283 Thickness: 18μm 5.0. Test Protocol 5.1. Test Reference No. 2212 The method involves subjecting the substrate to accelerated UV ageing and monitoring degradation as function of ageing time via changes in the carbonyl optical density (Δ1713cm-1) as determined by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) spectroscopy. Measuring changes in carbonyl optical density is a useful technique for monitoring the rate of degradation of the sample. Carbonyl species (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids etc.) are reaction by-products of the oxidative degradation process and as such their accumulation are indicative of the rate of degradation. The carbonyl optical density method has the added advantage in that it allows direct correlation with the mechanical properties of the samples. An optical density of 0.001 is typically equivalent to an Elongation at Break (EaB) reduction of 50% in the sample, whilst a value of 0.01 equates to an EaB value of a 5%. ASTM D5510: Standard practice for heat ageing of oxidatively degradable plastics, defines degradation in terms of an embrittlement endpoint at which the sample has achieved an elongation at break value of 5%. It thus follows that when a sample achieves a carbonyl optical density of 0.01 it is similarly embrittled. 5.2. Test Reference No. 2213 The method involves subjecting the substrate to accelerated UV ageing and monitoring degradation as function of ageing time via changes in the carbonyl optical density (Δ1713cm-1) as determined by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) spectroscopy. Measuring changes in carbonyl optical density is a useful technique for monitoring the rate of degradation of the sample. Carbonyl species (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids etc.) are reaction by-products of the oxidative degradation process and as such their accumulation are indicative of the rate of degradation. The carbonyl optical density method has the added advantage in that it allows direct correlation with the mechanical properties of the samples. An optical density of 0.001 is typically equivalent to an Elongation at Break (EaB) reduction of 50% in the sample, whilst a value of 0.01 equates to an EaB value of a 5%. ASTM D5510: Standard practice for heat ageing of oxidatively degradable plastics, defines degradation in terms of an embrittlement endpoint at which the sample has achieved an


elongation at break value of 5%. It thus follows that when a sample achieves a carbonyl optical density of 0.01 it is similarly embrittled. 5.3. Test Reference No. 2150 The method involves subjecting the substrate to accelerated UV ageing in an ARTACC Bandol Wheel apparatus and monitoring degradation as function of ageing time via changes in the carbonyl optical density (Δ1713cm-1) as determined by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) spectroscopy. Measuring changes in carbonyl optical density is a useful technique for monitoring the rate of degradation of the sample. Carbonyl species (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids etc.) are reaction by-products of the oxidative degradation process and as such their accumulation are indicative of the rate of degradation. 5.4. Test Reference No. 1690 The method involves subjecting the substrate to accelerated UV Ageing in a QUV cabinet and monitoring degradation as function of ageing time via changes in the carbonyl optical density (Δ1713cm-1) as determined by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) spectroscopy. Measuring changes in carbonyl optical density is a useful technique for monitoring the rate of degradation of the sample. Carbonyl species (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids etc.) are reaction by-products of the oxidative degradation process and as such their accumulation are indicative of the rate of degradation. 5.5. Test Reference No. 1924 The method involves subjecting the substrate to accelerated UV ageing and monitoring degradation as function of ageing time via changes in the carbonyl optical density (Δ1713cm-1) as determined by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) spectroscopy. Measuring changes in carbonyl optical density is a useful technique for monitoring the rate of degradation of the sample. Carbonyl species (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids etc.) are reaction by-products of the oxidative degradation process and as such their accumulation are indicative of the rate of degradation. The carbonyl optical density method has the added advantage in that it allows direct correlation with the mechanical properties of the samples. An optical density of 0.001 is typically equivalent to an Elongation at Break (EaB) reduction of 50% in the sample, whilst a value of 0.01 equates to an EaB value of a 5%. ASTM D5510: Standard practice for heat ageing of oxidatively degradable plastics, defines degradation in terms of an embrittlement endpoint at which the sample has achieved an elongation at break value of 5%. It thus follows that when a sample achieves a carbonyl optical density of 0.01 it is similarly embrittled. 5.6. Test Reference No. 1957 The method involves subjecting the substrate to accelerated UV ageing in an ARTACC Bandol Wheel apparatus and monitoring degradation as function of ageing time via changes in the carbonyl optical density (Δ1713cm-1) as determined by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) spectroscopy.


Measuring changes in carbonyl optical density is a useful technique for monitoring the rate of degradation of the sample. Carbonyl species (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids etc.) are reaction by-products of the oxidative degradation process and as such their accumulation are indicative of the rate of degradation. 5.7. Test Reference No. 1502 The method involves subjecting the substrate to accelerated UV ageing in an ARTACC Bandol Wheel apparatus and monitoring degradation as function of ageing time via changes in the carbonyl optical density (Δ1713cm-1) as determined by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) spectroscopy. Measuring changes in carbonyl optical density is a useful technique for monitoring the rate of degradation of the sample. Carbonyl species (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids etc.) are reaction by-products of the oxidative degradation process and as such their accumulation are indicative of the rate of degradation. 5.8. Test Reference No. 1452 The method involves subjecting the substrate to accelerated UV ageing in an ARTACC Bandol Wheel apparatus and monitoring degradation as function of ageing time via changes in the carbonyl optical density (Δ1713cm-1) as determined by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) spectroscopy. Measuring changes in carbonyl optical density is a useful technique for monitoring the rate of degradation of the sample. Carbonyl species (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids etc.) are reaction by-products of the oxidative degradation process and as such their accumulation are indicative of the rate of degradation. The carbonyl optical density method has the added advantage in that it allows direct correlation with the mechanical properties of the samples. An optical density of 0.001 is typically equivalent to an Elongation at Break (EaB) reduction of 50% in the sample, whilst a value of 0.01 equates to an EaB value of a 5%. ASTM D5510: Standard practice for heat ageing of oxidatively degradable plastics, defines degradation in terms of an embrittlement endpoint at which the sample has achieved an elongation at break value of 5%. It thus follows that when a sample achieves a carbonyl optical density of 0.01 it is similarly embrittled. 5.9. Test Reference No. 1422 The method involves subjecting the substrate to accelerated UV ageing in an ARTACC Bandol Wheel apparatus and monitoring degradation as function of ageing time via changes in the carbonyl optical density (Δ1713cm-1) as determined by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) spectroscopy. Measuring changes in carbonyl optical density is a useful technique for monitoring the rate of degradation of the sample. Carbonyl species (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids etc.) are reaction by-products of the oxidative degradation process and as such their accumulation are indicative of the rate of degradation.


5.10. Test Reference No. 1347 The method involves subjecting the substrate to accelerated UV Ageing in a QUV cabinet and monitoring degradation as function of ageing time via changes in the carbonyl optical density (_1713cm-1) as determined by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) spectroscopy. Measuring changes in carbonyl optical density is a useful technique for monitoring the rate of degradation of the sample. Carbonyl species (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids etc.) are reaction by-products of the oxidative degradation process and as such their accumulation are indicative of the rate of degradation. 5.11. Test Reference No. 1289 The method involves subjecting the substrate to accelerated UV ageing in an ARTACC Bandol Wheel apparatus and monitoring degradation as function of ageing time via changes in the carbonyl optical density (_1713cm-1) as determined by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) spectroscopy. Measuring changes in carbonyl optical density is a useful technique for monitoring the rate of degradation of the sample. Carbonyl species (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids etc.) are reaction by-products of the oxidative degradation process and as such their accumulation are indicative of the rate of degradation. The carbonyl optical density method has the added advantage in that it allows direct correlation with the mechanical properties of the samples. An optical density of 0.001 is typically equivalent to an Elongation at Break (EaB) reduction of 50% in the sample, whilst a value of 0.01 equates to an EaB value of a 5%. ASTM D5510: Standard practice for heat ageing of oxidatively degradable plastics, defines degradation in terms of an embrittlement endpoint at which the sample has achieved an elongation at break value of 5%. It thus follows that when a sample achieves a carbonyl optical density of 0.01 it is similarly embrittled. 6.0. Test Methodology 6.1. Test Reference No. 2212 6.1.1 Accelerated Fluorescent UV Ageing Samples were placed in a specially designed sample holder and exposed to ultraviolet radiation in a Q Panel QUV/se test apparatus fitted with UVA 340 lamps, in general accordance with ASTM D5208. A black panel temperature of 50ºC was used in conjunction with a humid environment. The irradiance of the lamps was 0.78W/m2/nm. Samples of the additive and control materials were withdrawn every 48 hours and their carbonyl optical density determined by FTIR spectroscopy. 6.1.2 Carbonyl Optical Density Measurement The carbonyl optical density (Δ1713cm-1) of the samples was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy in transmission mode using a Thermo Electron Nicolett FTIR instrument. The optical density is defined by the magnitude of the carbonyl peak at 1713cm-1 divided by the sample thickness. Four optical density measurements were taken at each time point and an average determined.


6.2. Test Reference No. 2213 6.2.1. Accelerated Fluorescent UV Ageing Samples were placed in a specially designed sample holder and exposed to ultraviolet radiation in a Q Panel QUV/se test apparatus fitted with UVA 340 lamps, in general accordance with ASTM D5208. A black panel temperature of 50ºC was used in conjunction with a humid environment. The irradiance of the lamps was 0.78W/m2/nm. Samples of the additive and control materials were withdrawn every 48 hours and their carbonyl optical density determined by FTIR spectroscopy. 6.2.2 Carbonyl Optical Density Measurement The carbonyl optical density (Δ1713cm-1) of the samples was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy in transmission mode using a Thermo Electron Nicolett FTIR instrument. The optical density is defined by the magnitude of the carbonyl peak at 1713cm-1 divided by the sample thickness. Four optical density measurements were taken at each time point and an average determined. 6.3. Test Reference No. 2150 6.3.1. Accelerated UV Ageing-Bandol Wheel Samples of product were exposed to accelerated UV ageing within an ARTACC Bandol Wheel H400 accelerated weathering apparatus (SEVAR sarl.). The samples were placed in a specially designed holder and mounted in a circular sample rack in which traces a circular path around a 400W air cooled low pressure mercury discharge lamp (Borosilicate filter). The lamp provides an irradiance of 105 W/m2 at wavelengths between 290 and 400nm. The period of each cycle was 4 hours with 84% of the time exposed to dry, light conditions and 16% exposed to wet, dark conditions (water immersion of sample).Test temperature as measured by a black body thermocouple was 60°C. Samples of the additive and control materials were withdrawn every 40 hours and their carbonyl optical density determined by FTIR spectroscopy. 6.3.2 Carbonyl Optical Density Measurement The carbonyl optical density (Δ1713cm-1) of the samples was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy in transmission mode using a Thermo Electron Nicolett FTIR instrument. The optical density is defined by the magnitude of the carbonyl peak at 1713cm-1 divided by the sample thickness. Four optical density measurements were taken at each time point and an average determined. 6.4. Test Reference No. 1690 6.4.1. Accelerated Fluorescent UV Ageing Samples were placed in a specially designed sample holder and exposed to ultraviolet radiation in a Q Panel QUV/se test apparatus fitted with UVA 340 lamps, in general accordance with ASTM D5208. A black panel temperature of 50ºC was used in conjunction


with a humid environment. The irradiance of the lamps was 0.78W/m2/nm. Samples of the additive and control materials were withdrawn every 48 hours and their carbonyl optical density determined by FTIR spectroscopy. 6.4.2 Carbonyl Optical Density Measurement The carbonyl optical density (Δ1713cm-1) of the samples was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy in transmission mode using a Thermo Electron Nicolett FTIR instrument. The optical density is defined by the magnitude of the carbonyl peak at 1713cm-1 divided by the sample thickness. Four optical density measurements were taken at each time point and an average determined. 6.5. Test Reference No. 1924 6.5.1. Accelerated UV Ageing-Bandol Wheel Samples of product were exposed to accelerated UV ageing within an ARTACC Bandol Wheel H400 accelerated weathering apparatus (SEVAR sarl.). The samples were placed in a specially designed holder and mounted in a circular sample rack in which traces a circular path around a 400W air cooled low pressure mercury discharge lamp (Borosilicate filter). The lamp provides an irradiance of 105 W/m2 at wavelengths between 290 and 400nm. The period of each cycle was 4 hours with 84% of the time exposed to dry, light conditions and 16% exposed to wet, dark conditions (water immersion of sample).Test temperature as measured by a black body thermocouple was 60°C. Samples of the additive and control materials were withdrawn every 40 hours and their carbonyl optical density determined by FTIR spectroscopy. 6.5.2 Carbonyl Optical Density Measurement The carbonyl optical density (Δ1713cm-1) of the samples was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy in transmission mode using a Thermo Electron Nicolett FTIR instrument. The optical density is defined by the magnitude of the carbonyl peak at 1713cm-1 divided by the sample thickness. Four optical density measurements were taken at each time point and an average determined. 6.6. Test Reference No. 1957 6.6.1. Accelerated UV Ageing-Bandol Wheel Samples of product were exposed to accelerated UV ageing within an ARTACC Bandol Wheel H400 accelerated weathering apparatus (SEVAR sarl.). The samples were placed in a specially designed holder and mounted in a circular sample rack in which traces a circular path around a 400W air cooled low pressure mercury discharge lamp (Borosilicate filter). The lamp provides an irradiance of 105 W/m2 at wavelengths between 290 and 400nm. The period of each cycle was 4 hours with 84% of the time exposed to dry, light conditions and 16% exposed to wet, dark conditions (water immersion of sample).Test temperature as measured by a black body thermocouple was 60°C. Samples of the additive and control materials were withdrawn every 40 hours and their carbonyl optical density determined by FTIR spectroscopy.


6.6.2 Carbonyl Optical Density Measurement The carbonyl optical density (Δ1713cm-1) of the samples was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy in transmission mode using a Thermo Electron Nicolett FTIR instrument. The optical density is defined by the magnitude of the carbonyl peak at 1713cm-1 divided by the sample thickness. Four optical density measurements were taken at each time point and an average determined. 6.7. Test Reference No. 1502 6.7.1. Accelerated UV Ageing-Bandol Wheel Samples of product were exposed to accelerated UV ageing within an ARTACC Bandol Wheel H400 accelerated weathering apparatus (SEVAR sarl.). The samples were placed in a specially designed holder and mounted in a circular sample rack in which traces a circular path around a 400W air cooled low pressure mercury discharge lamp (Borosilicate filter). The lamp provides an irradiance of 105 W/m2 at wavelengths between 290 and 400nm. The period of each cycle was 4 hours with 84% of the time exposed to dry, light conditions and 16% exposed to wet, dark conditions (water immersion of sample).Test temperature as measured by a black body thermocouple was 60°C. Samples of the additive and control materials were withdrawn every 40 hours and their carbonyl optical density determined by FTIR spectroscopy. 6.7.2 Carbonyl Optical Density Measurement The carbonyl optical density (Δ1713cm-1) of the samples was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy in transmission mode using a Thermo Electron Nicolett FTIR instrument. The optical density is defined by the magnitude of the carbonyl peak at 1713cm-1 divided by the sample thickness. Four optical density measurements were taken at each time point and an average determined. 6.8. Test Reference No. 1452 6.8.1. Accelerated UV Ageing-Bandol Wheel Samples of product were exposed to accelerated UV ageing within an ARTACC Bandol Wheel H400 accelerated weathering apparatus (SEVAR sarl.). The samples were placed in a specially designed holder and mounted in a circular sample rack in which traces a circular path around a 400W air cooled low pressure mercury discharge lamp (Borosilicate filter). The lamp provides an irradiance of 105 W/m2 at wavelengths between 290 and 400nm. The period of each cycle was 4 hours with 84% of the time exposed to dry, light conditions and 16% exposed to wet, dark conditions (water immersion of sample).Test temperature as measured by a black body thermocouple was 60°C. Samples of the additive and control materials were withdrawn every 40 hours and their carbonyl optical density determined by FTIR spectroscopy. 6.8.2 Carbonyl Optical Density Measurement


The carbonyl optical density (Δ1713cm-1) of the samples was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy in transmission mode using a Thermo Electron Nicolett FTIR instrument. The optical density is defined by the magnitude of the carbonyl peak at 1713cm-1 divided by the sample thickness. Four optical density measurements were taken at each time point and an average determined. 6.9. Test Reference No. 1422 6.9.1. Accelerated UV Ageing-Bandol Wheel Samples of product were exposed to accelerated UV ageing within an ARTACC Bandol Wheel H400 accelerated weathering apparatus (SEVAR sarl.). The samples were placed in a specially designed holder and mounted in a circular sample rack in which traces a circular path around a 400W air cooled low pressure mercury discharge lamp (Borosilicate filter). The lamp provides an irradiance of 105 W/m2 at wavelengths between 290 and 400nm. The period of each cycle was 4 hours with 84% of the time exposed to dry, light conditions and 16% exposed to wet, dark conditions (water immersion of sample).Test temperature as measured by a black body thermocouple was 60°C. Samples of the additive and control materials were withdrawn every 40 hours and their carbonyl optical density determined by FTIR spectroscopy. 6.9.2 Carbonyl Optical Density Measurement The carbonyl optical density (Δ1713cm-1) of the samples was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy in transmission mode using a Thermo Electron Nicolett FTIR instrument. The optical density is defined by the magnitude of the carbonyl peak at 1713cm-1 divided by the sample thickness. Four optical density measurements were taken at each time point and an average determined. 6.10. Test Reference No. 1347 6.10.1. Accelerated Fluorescent UV Ageing Samples were placed in a specially designed sample holder and exposed to ultraviolet radiation in a Q Panel QUV/se test apparatus fitted with UVA 340 lamps, in general accordance with ASTM D5208. A black panel temperature of 50ºC was used in conjunction with a humid environment. The irradiance of the lamps was 0.78W/m2/nm. Samples of the additive and control materials were withdrawn every 48 hours and their carbonyl optical density determined by FTIR spectroscopy. 6.10.2 Carbonyl Optical Density Measurement The carbonyl optical density (_1713cm-1) of the samples was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy in transmission mode using a Thermo Electron Nicolett FTIR instrument. The optical density is defined by the magnitude of the carbonyl peak at 1713cm-1 divided by the sample thickness. Four optical density measurements were taken at each time point and an average determined.


6.11. Test Reference No. 1289 6.11.1. Accelerated UV Ageing-Bandol Wheel Samples of product were exposed to accelerated UV ageing within an ARTACC Bandol Wheel H400 accelerated weathering apparatus (SEVAR sarl.). The samples were placed in a specially designed holder and mounted in a circular sample rack in which traces a circular path around a 400W air cooled low pressure mercury discharge lamp (Borosilicate filter). The lamp provides an irradiance of 105 W/m2 at wavelengths between 290 and 400nm. The period of each cycle was 4 hours with 84% of the time exposed to dry, light conditions and 16% exposed to wet, dark conditions (water immersion of sample).Test temperature as measured by a black body thermocouple was 60°C. Samples of the additive and control materials were withdrawn every 40 hours and their carbonyl optical density determined by FTIR spectroscopy. 6.11.2 Carbonyl Optical Density Measurement The carbonyl optical density (_1713cm-1) of the samples was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy in transmission mode using a Thermo Electron Nicolett FTIR instrument. The optical density is defined by the magnitude of the carbonyl peak at 1713cm-1 divided by the sample thickness. Four optical density measurements were taken at each time point and an average determined.


7.0. Results 7.1. Test Reference No. 2212 7.1.1. RESULTS - Accelerated Fluorescent UV Ageing- QUV


7.2.Test Reference No. 2213 7.2.1. RESULTS - Accelerated Fluorescent UV Ageing- QUV


7.3.Test Reference No. 2150 7.3.1. RESULTS - Accelerated UV Ageing- Bandol Wheel


Picture 1 – Sample A) Film with d2w [left] and sample B) Control film [right] after 400 hours accelerated UV ageing.


7.4.Test Reference No. 1690

7.4.1. RESULTS - Accelerated Fluorescent UV Ageing- QUV


Picture 1 - Group 1 samples with d2w (left) and without additive (right) after 528 hours accelerated UV ageing.



7.5.1. RESULTS - Accelerated UV Ageing- Bandol Wheel




Picture 1 - Sample A) Film with d2w and sample B) Control Film after 480hours accelerated UV ageing












7.10.1. RESULTS - Accelerated Fluorescent UV Ageing- QUV




"The information presented in this report is based on the material actually tested. Performance of finished product made with d2w® additive depends on the conditions under which and length of time for which the additive is stored and on the method of manufacture of the finished product and the heat, light, stress and other conditions to which the finished product is exposed. Nothing in this report constitutes or implies a license to use Symphony's intellectual property".


8.0. Certification Certification of d2w This is to certify the following verification of the technical specification and performance of d2w®:

• d2w® is an additive formulation that renders conventional polyolefins oxo-biodegradable.

• “Oxo-biodegradation” is “degradation identified as resulting from oxidative and cell-mediated phenomena, either simultaneously or successively” ("Terminology in the field of degradable and biodegradable Polymers and Plastics" CEN TC 249/ WG 9).

• Polyolefin products made with d2w® additive will abiotically degrade in the presence of oxygen. Degradation has been proved in accordance with the requirements of ASTM 6954-04 by passing ASTM 5510 (RAPRA Report 46095).

• The ability of d2w® products to comply with the biotic (biodegradation) tests of ASTM 6954-04 has been demonstrated by the loss of molecular mass achieved after abiotic thermal degradation, resulting in ultimate biodegradation of the material into CO2, water, mineral salts and biomass (RAPRA Report 46303, Pyxis report 30.7.05, and DPPA Chapt. 3, Eco-sigma Report Sept. 2008).

• The eco-toxicity sections of EN 13432 and ASTM 6954-04 require that no harmful residues are left – this has been verified for d2w® additive. (OWS Report MST-4/1-d2wb&d2wc, Eco-Sigma Report Sept. 2008).

• d2w® additive does not contain heavy metals (defined by 92/64/EC Art 11 as lead, mercury, cadmium, or hexavalent chromium).

• d2w® additive is safe for direct food-contact according to the European Union requirements for Direct Food Contact 2002/72/EC and the US FFDC Act and regulations (RAPRA report 46137, and Keller & Heckman certificate 18.2.2009). It is the responsibility of the manufacturers of products intended for food-contact to ensure that all other materials incorporated by them comply with those requirements.

• If polymer products are correctly made with d2w®, the additive will have no effect upon the strength and other performance characteristics of the product during its programmed service-life.

• Polymer products correctly made with d2w® comply with the Essential Requirements of the EU Packaging Waste Directive 92/64/EC Annex II paras. 1,2 and 3(a) (b) and (d).

• d2w® oxo-biodegradable plastics are not currently intended for composting.

• If sent to landfill d2w® oxo-biodegradable plastics will degrade in aerobic conditions. In anaerobic conditions they become inert and will not emit methane.

• d2w® oxo-biodegradable plastics can be recycled together with ordinary oil-based plastics. For long-life products, stabilisers should be added if necessary.

Documents

J-Trend Certified Test Report-Garbage Bag and elongation properties of plastics ... Whilst both the additive and control films gave a broadly similar carbonyl index response at the