Jadi-noun dan noun clause.docx

7/27/2019 Jadi-noun dan noun clause.docx

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Noun

Definition: A noun is a word used to refer to people, animals, objects, substances, states, events and

feelings. Nouns can be a subject or an object of a verb, can be modified by an adjective and can take an

article or determiner.

For example: Table, pencil, dog, house

Nouns also denote abstract and intangible concepts.

For example : birth, happiness, technology.

Noun Plurals

We are going to explain some rules that will help you to form the plural forms of the nouns. The general

rule is to add "-s" to the noun in singular.

For example: Book-Books, Chair-Chairs, Friend-Friends

When the singular noun ends in: -sh, -ch, -s, -ss, -x, -o we form their plural form by adding "-es".

For example: sandwich sandwiches, brush brushes, bus buses, box boxes, potato -

potatoes

When the singular noun ends in "y", we change the "y" for "i" and then add "-es" to form the plural

form. But do not change the "y" for "ies" to form the plural when the singular noun ends in "y" preceded

by a vowel.

For example: nappy nappies, day days, toy - toys

However, there are many Irregular Nouns which do not form the plural in this way:

For example: Woman Women, Child Children, Sheep - Sheep

Nouns may take an " 's " ("apostrophe s") or "Genitive marker" to indicate possession. If the noun

already has an -s ending to mark the plural, then the genitive marker appears only as an apostrophe

after the plural form.

For example: my girlfriend's brother, John's house, The Browns' house, The boys' pens

Noun Gender

Many common nouns, like "engineer" or "teacher", can refer to men or women. Once, many English

nouns would change form depending on their gender. For example: A man was called an "author" while

a woman was called an "authoress".

For example:

David Garrick was a very prominent eighteenth-century actor. Sarah Siddons was at the height of her career as an actress in the 1780s. The manager was trying to write a want ad, but he couldn't decide whether he was advertising

for a "waiter" or a "waitress"


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Types of Nouns

Proper nouns are the names of specific things, people, or places, such as Jhon, France, Tueday,Atlantic Ocean. They usually begin with a capital letter.

Common nouns are general names such as person, mansion, and book. They can be eitherconcrete or abstract.

Concrete nouns refer to things which you can sense such as clock, house, telephone, sugar, rice,water

Abstract nouns refer to ideas or qualities such as liberty , friendship, peace, romance, humor Countable nouns refer to things which can be counted (can be singular or plural)

Persons Places Things

child/ren

teacher/s

student/s

plumber/s

lawyer/s

psychologist/shistorian/s

economist/s

biologist/s

reporter/s

dean/s

coordinator/s

researcher/s

store/s

mall/s

park/s

bar/s

office/s

school/shome/s

station/s

church/es

deli/s

cafeteria/s

shop/s

airport/s

shoe/s

car/s

door/s

house/s

key/s

letter/schair/s

box/es

cow/s

poster/s

glass/es

ball/s

Uncountable nouns refer to some groups of countable nouns, substances, feelings and types ofactivity (can only be singular)

Things Qualities Actions Fields of Study

water

stuff

money

advice

proof

equipment

dust

homework

fun

information

inkluck

dependability

honesty

loyalty

sincerity

integrity

walking/to walk

typing/to type

jumping/to jump

thinking/to think

swimming/to swim

psychology

history

social work

economics

biology

English

anatomy

philosophy

religion

theology

1: Uncount nouns used as count nouns

Although substances are usually uncount nouns...

Would you like some cheese?


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Coffee keeps me awake at night.

Wine makes me sleep.

... they can be also used as count nouns:

Id like a coffee please. = Id like a [cup of] coffee.May I have a white wine. = May I have a [glass of] white wine.

They sell a lot of coffees. = They sell a lot of [different kinds of] coffee.

I prefer white wines to red. = I prefer [different kinds of] white wine to red.

They had over twenty cheeses on sale. = They had over twenty [types of] cheese on sale.

This is an excellent soft cheese. = This [kind of] soft cheese is excellent.

2: Some nouns have both a count and an uncount form:

We should always have hope.

George had hopes of promotion.

Travel is a great teacher.

Where did you go on your travels?

3: Nouns with two meanings

Some nouns have two meanings, one count and the other non count:

His life was in danger.

There is a serious danger of fire.

Linguistics is the study of language.

Is English a difficult language?

Its made of paper.

The Times is an excellent paper.

Other words like this are:

business death industry marriage power property

Tax time victory Use Work

4. Uncount nouns that end in -s

Some uncount nouns end in -s so they look like plurals even though they are singular nouns.

These nouns generally refer to:


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Subjects of study: mathematics, physics, economics, etc.

Activities: gymnastics, athletics, etc.

Games: cards, darts, billiards, etc.

Diseases: mumps, measles, rabies, etc.

Economics is a very difficult subject.

Billiards is easier than pool or snooker.

5. Group nouns

Some nouns, like army, refer to groups of people, animals or things, and we can use them either

as singular nouns or as plural nouns.

army audience committee company crew enemy

family flock Gang government group Herd

media public regiment staff team

We can use these group nouns either as singular nouns or as plural nouns:

My family is very dear to me.I have a large family. They are very dear to me. (= The members of my family)

The government is very unpopular.The government are always changing their minds.

6. Two-part nouns

A few plural nouns, like binoculars, refer to things that have two parts.

Glasses jeans knickers pincers pants pliers

Pyjamas scissors shorts spectacles tights trainers

Trousers tweezers

I need a new pair of spectacles.

Ive bought a pair of bluejeans.

Weve got three pairs of scissors, but they are all blunt.

I always carry two pairs of binoculars


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Noun Clause

Definition : A dependent clause that functions as a noun (that is, as a subject, object, or complement)

within a sentence.

Formula of Noun Clause

Noun clause can be begun by noun clause markers that is question word, ifor whether, and that.

Marker Detail Example

Question

Word

Question word:

what(ever), what

(time, kind, day, etc),

who(ever),

whose,

whom(ever),

which(ever),

where(ever),when(ever),

how (long, far, many

times, old, etc)

The class listened carefully what the

teacher instructed.

The kitten followed wherever the

woman went.

Many people imagine how many time

the man was failed before success.

If or

whether

Usually it is used for

yes or no question

Where does Andy live?

I wonder if he lives in West Jakarta.

Is Andy live on Dewi Sartika Street?

I dont know if he live on Dewi Sartika

Street or not.

Or

I dont knowwhether or not he lives

on Dewi Sartika street.

That Usually that-clause is

used for mental

activity. Some verbs

on main clause which

is followed by that-

clause : assume,

believe, discover,

dream, guess, hear,

hope, know, learn,

notice, predict, prove,

realize, suppose,

suspect, think

I think that the group will arrive in an

hour.

Many people proved that the man was

a big liar.

Functions of Noun Clause
http://www.wordsmile.com/question-wordhttp://www.wordsmile.com/question-wordhttp://www.wordsmile.com/if-whetherhttp://www.wordsmile.com/if-whetherhttp://www.wordsmile.com/which-that-relative-pronounshttp://www.wordsmile.com/which-that-relative-pronounshttp://www.wordsmile.com/which-that-relative-pronounshttp://www.wordsmile.com/if-whetherhttp://www.wordsmile.com/if-whetherhttp://www.wordsmile.com/question-wordhttp://www.wordsmile.com/question-word


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Function Example

Subject of a Verb

What she cooked was delicious.

That today is his birthday is not right.

Subject

complement

The fact is that she is smart and dilligent.

A teacher must be whoever is patient.

Object of a Verb

Diana believes that her life will be

happier.

I want to know how Einstein thought.

Object of a

preposition

The girl comes from where many people

there live in poverty.

He will attend the party with whichever

fits to his body.
http://www.wordsmile.com/subject-and-predicatehttp://www.wordsmile.com/subject-verb-object-complementhttp://www.wordsmile.com/subject-verb-object-complementhttp://www.wordsmile.com/direct-indirect-objecthttp://www.wordsmile.com/direct-indirect-objecthttp://www.wordsmile.com/subject-verb-object-complementhttp://www.wordsmile.com/subject-verb-object-complementhttp://www.wordsmile.com/subject-and-predicate

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Jadi-noun dan noun clause.docx