James I of England

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James I of England

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James VI and I

James VI of Scotland from the period 15871613, ByPals

!an Somer"157616#1$King of Scots(more!!!)

Reign "# July $%&' "' arch $&"% (%' years, "#&

days)

Coronation "* July $%&'

Predecessor ary, +ueen of cots

Successor -harles I

Regent James te.art, Earl of oray

atthe. te.art, Earl of /enno0

John Erskine, Earl of ar

James 1ouglas, Earl of orton

King of Englandand Ireland(more!!!)

Reign "# arch $&23 "' arch $&"% ("" years, 3

days)

Coronation "% July $&23

Predecessor Eli4a5eth I

Successor -harles I

Consort 6nne of 1enmarkamong others...

Issue
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=King_James_I_of_England&redirect=nohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#column-one%23column-onehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#column-one%23column-onehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#searchInput%23searchInputhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_van_Somer_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_van_Somer_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_van_Somer_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_of_the_British_sovereign#Styles_of_Scottish_sovereignshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_of_the_British_sovereign#Styles_of_Scottish_sovereignshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_of_the_British_sovereign#Styles_of_Scottish_sovereignshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scotshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Morayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Stewart,_4th_Earl_of_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Erskine,_17th_Earl_of_Marhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Douglas,_4th_Earl_of_Mortonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_monarchshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_of_the_British_sovereign#Styles_of_English_and_Scottish_sovereignshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_of_the_British_sovereign#Styles_of_English_and_Scottish_sovereignshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_of_the_British_sovereign#Styles_of_English_and_Scottish_sovereignshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Children%23Childrenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JamesIEngland.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=King_James_I_of_England&redirect=nohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#column-one%23column-onehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#searchInput%23searchInputhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_van_Somer_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_van_Somer_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_of_the_British_sovereign#Styles_of_Scottish_sovereignshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scotshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Morayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Stewart,_4th_Earl_of_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Erskine,_17th_Earl_of_Marhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Douglas,_4th_Earl_of_Mortonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_monarchshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_of_the_British_sovereign#Styles_of_English_and_Scottish_sovereignshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Children%23Children


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7enry Frederick, 8rince of Wales

Eli4a5eth, +ueen of 9ohemia

-harles I of England

Ro5ert tuart, 1uke of Kintyre

House 7ouse of tuart

Father 7enry tuart, /ord 1arnley

Mother ary, +ueen of cots

Born $* June $%&&

Edin5urgh -astle,cotland

Died "' arch $&"% (aged %)

;heo5alds 7ouse,England

James VI I($* June $%&& "' arch $&"%) .as King of cotsas James VIfrom$%&' to $&"%, and King of Englandand Irelandas James Ifrom $&23 to $&"%!

7e 5ecame King of cots as James "?7e then ruled the Kingdom of

England, cotland, and Ireland for "" years, often using the title King of Areat 9ritain,until his death at the age of %!>3?

Bnder James, the CAolden 6geC of Eli4a5ethanliterature and drama continued, .ith

.riters such as William hakespeare,John 1onne,9en Jonson, and ir Francis 9acon

contri5uting to a flourishing literary culture!>#?James himself .as a talented scholar, theauthor of .orks such as%aemonolo&ie($%*'),>%?'re (a) of *ree +onarchies($%*),>&?

andBasilion %oron($%**)!>'?ir 6nthony Weldonclaimed that James had 5een termed

Cthe .isest fool in -hristendomC, an epithet associated .ith his character eer since!>?

Contents

>hide?

$ -hildhood

o $!$ 9irth

o $!" Regencies

" 8ersonal rule in cotland

o "!$ arriage

o "!" ;heory of monarchy

3 English throne

o 3!$ 8roclaimed King of England

# Early reign in England

o #!$ Aunpo.der plot

% King and 8arliament

o %!$ panish match

& Religious pro5lems
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Frederick,_Prince_of_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Stuart,_Duke_of_Kintyrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Stuarthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scotshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobalds_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobalds_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_monarchshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scotshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-0%23cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudor_dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-1%23cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-1%23cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-2%23cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabethan_erahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespearehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Donnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Donnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Donnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Jonsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Baconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Baconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-3%23cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemonologiehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-4%23cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Law_of_Free_Monarchieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-5%23cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilikon_Doronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-6%23cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Weldonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-7%23cite_note-7http://toggletoc%28%29/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Childhood%23Childhoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Birth%23Birthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Regencies%23Regencieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Personal_rule_in_Scotland%23Personal_rule_in_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Marriage%23Marriagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Theory_of_monarchy%23Theory_of_monarchyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#English_throne%23English_thronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Proclaimed_King_of_England%23Proclaimed_King_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Early_reign_in_England%23Early_reign_in_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Gunpowder_plot%23Gunpowder_plothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#King_and_Parliament%23King_and_Parliamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Spanish_match%23Spanish_matchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Religious_problems%23Religious_problemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Frederick,_Prince_of_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Stuart,_Duke_of_Kintyrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Stuarthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scotshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobalds_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_monarchshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scotshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-0%23cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudor_dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-1%23cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-2%23cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabethan_erahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespearehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Donnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Jonsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Baconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-3%23cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemonologiehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-4%23cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Law_of_Free_Monarchieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-5%23cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilikon_Doronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-6%23cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Weldonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-7%23cite_note-7http://toggletoc%28%29/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Childhood%23Childhoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Birth%23Birthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Regencies%23Regencieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Personal_rule_in_Scotland%23Personal_rule_in_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Marriage%23Marriagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Theory_of_monarchy%23Theory_of_monarchyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#English_throne%23English_thronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Proclaimed_King_of_England%23Proclaimed_King_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Early_reign_in_England%23Early_reign_in_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Gunpowder_plot%23Gunpowder_plothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#King_and_Parliament%23King_and_Parliamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Spanish_match%23Spanish_matchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#Religious_problems%23Religious_problems


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' 8ersonal relationships

;he @er5ury 6ffair

* Final year

$2 /egacy

$$ ;itles, styles, honours and arms

o $$!$ ;itles and styles $" /ist of .ritings

$3 -hildren

$# 6ncestry

$% ee also

$& Dotes

$' Doncited references

$ Further reading

$* E0ternal links

o $*!$ 9ooks a5out James I aaila5le online

o $*!" @ther links

!edit" Childhood

!edit" Birth

James -harles tuart .as the son ofary, +ueen of cots, and her second hus5and,7enry tuart, /ord 1arnley! James .as a descendant of 7enry


4/20

$%&', 8rotestant re5els arrested ary and imprisoned her in/och /een -astle she

neer sa. her son again! he .as forced to a5dicateon "# July in faour of the infant

James and to appoint her illegitimate half5rother, James te.art, Earl of oray,asregent!>$"?

!edit" Regencies

;he care of James .as entrusted to theEarland -ountess of ar, Cto 5e consered,

nursed, and up5roughtC>$3?in the security of tirling -astle!>$#?;he 5oy .as formally

cro.ned at the age of thirteen months as King James


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James in $%&, age "2

6lthough a 8rotestant conert, /enno0 .as distrusted 5y cottish -alinists, .ho noticedthe physical displays of affection 5et.een faourite and king and alleged that /enno0

C.ent a5out to dra. the King to carnal lustC! >$*?In 6ugust $%", in .hat 5ecame kno.n

as the Ruthen Raid, the 8rotestant earls of Ao.rieand6nguslured James intoRuthen-astle, imprisoned him,>"#?and forced /enno0 to leae cotland! 6fter James .as freed in

June $%3, he assumed increasing control of his kingdom! 7e pushed through the 9lack

6ctsto assert royal authority oer theKirkand 5et.een $%# and $&23 esta5lishedeffectie royal goernment and relatie peace among the lords, a5ly assisted 5y John

aitland of ;hirlestane,.ho led the goernment until $%*"!>"%?@ne last cottish attempt

against the kings person occurred in 6ugust $&22, .hen James .as apparently assaulted

5y 6le0ander Ruthen, the Earl of Ao.ries younger 5rother, at Ao.rie 7ouse, the seat

of the Ruthens!>"&?ince Ruthen .as run through 5y Jamess page John Ramsayand theEarl of Ao.rie.as himself killed in the ensuing fracas, Jamess account of the

circumstances, gien the lack of .itnesses and his history .ith the Ruthens, .as notuniersally 5elieed!>"'?

In $%&, James signed the ;reaty of 9er.ick.ith England! ;hat and the e0ecution of his

mother in $%', .hich he denounced as a Cpreposterous and strange procedureC, helped

clear the .ay for his succession south of the 5order!>"?1uring thepanish 6rmadacrisisof $%, he assured Eli4a5eth of his support as Cyour natural son and compatriot of your

countryC,>"*?and as time passed and Eli4a5eth remained unmarried, securing the English

succession 5ecame a cornerstone of Jamess policy!

!edit" Marriage

ain article: 6nne of 1enmark
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6nne of 1enmark, 5y John de -rit4, c! $&2%!

;hroughout his youth, James .as praised for his chastity, since he sho.ed little interest

in .omen after the loss of /enno0, he continued to prefer male company!>32?6 suita5lemarriage, ho.eer, .as necessary to reinforce his monarchy, and the choice fell on the

fourteenyearold 6nne of 1enmark(5orn 1ecem5er $%'#), younger daughter of the

8rotestant Frederick II! hortly after a pro0y marriage in 6ugust $%*, 6nne sailed for

cotland 5ut .as forced 5y storms to the coast of Dor.ay! @n hearing the crossing had5een a5andoned, James, in .hat Willson calls Cthe one romantic episode of his lifeC,>3$?

sailed from /eith.ith a threehundredstrong retinue to fetch 6nne personally! >3"?;he

couple .ere married formally at the @ld 9ishops 8alace in @sloon "3 Doem5er and,

after stays at Elsinoreand -openhagen, returned to cotland in ay $%*2! 9y allaccounts, James .as at first infatuated .ith 6nne, and in the early years of their marriage

seems al.ays to hae sho.ed her patience and affection!>33?9ut 5et.een $%*3 and $%*%,James .as romantically linked .ith 6nne urray, later /ady Alamis, .hom he

addressed in erse as Cmy mistress and my loeC! ;he royal couple produced three

suriing children: 7enry Frederick, 8rince of Wales, .ho died of e0haustion, after

playing a game of Creal tennisC haing not fully recoered frompneumonia, in $&$",aged $ Eli4a5eth,later+ueen of 9ohemia and -harles, the future King -harles I of

England! 6nne died 5efore her hus5and in arch $&$*!

!edit" #heor$ of monarch$

In $%*'*, James .rote t.o .orks, 'he 're (a) of *ree +onarchiesandBasilion

%oron(-oyal .ift), in .hich he esta5lished an ideological 5ase for monarchy! In the

're) (a), he sets out the diine right of kings,e0plaining that for 9i5lical reasons kingsare higher 5eings than other men, though Cthe highest 5ench is the sliddriest to sit uponC!>3#?;he document proposes an a5solutist theory of monarchy, 5y .hich a king may

impose ne. la.s 5y royal prerogatie5ut must also pay heed to tradition and to Aod,.ho .ould Cstirre up such scourges as pleaseth him, for punishment of .icked kingsC! >3%?
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Basilion %oron, .ritten as a 5ook of instruction for the fouryearold 8rince 7enry,

proides a more practical guide to kingship!>3&?1espite 5analities and sanctimonious

adice,>3'?the .ork is .ell .ritten, perhaps the 5est e0ample of Jamess prose!>3?Jamessadice concerning parliaments, .hich he understood as merely the kings Chead courtC,

foreshado.s his difficulties .ith the English -ommons: C7old no 8arliaments,C he tells

7enry, C5ut for the necesitie of ne. /a.es, .hich .ould 5e 5ut seldomeC!>3*?

In the 're)(a)James maintains that the king o.ns his realm as a feudal lord o.ns his fief, 5ecause

kings arose C5efore any estates or ranks of men, 5efore any parliaments .ere holden, or

la.s made, and 5y them .as the land distri5uted, .hich at first .as .holly theirs! 6nd soit follo.s of necessity that kings .ere the authors and makers of the la.s, and not the

la.s of the kings!C>#2?

!edit" English throne

!edit" Proclaimed King of England

ain article: Bnion of the -ro.nsScottish and English Ro$alt$

House of Stuart

James VI I

7enry, 8rince of Wales

Eli4a5eth, +ueen of

9ohemia

-harles I

Ro5ert, 1uke of Kintyre

From $&2$, in the last years of Eli4a5eth Is life, certain English politicians, nota5ly her

chief minister ir Ro5ert -ecil,>#$?maintained a secret correspondence .ith James inorder to prepare in adance for a smooth succession! In arch $&23, .ith the +ueen

clearly dying, -ecil sent James a draft proclamation of his accession to the English

throne! Eli4a5eth died in the early hours of "# arch, and James .as proclaimed king in

/ondon later the same day!

>#"?

6s James headed south on 6pril 3 .ith his courtiers andadisors, his ne. su5=ects flocked to see him, relieed that the succession had triggered

neither unrest nor inasion!>#3?When he entered /ondon on ay ' he .as mo55ed!>##?7e

then stayed for seeral nights at the ;o.er of /ondon! 7is English coronation took placeon "% July, .ith ela5orate allegories proided 5y dramatic poets such as ;homas 1ekker

and 9en Jonson, though an out5reak of the plague restricted festiities!>#%?

!edit" Earl$ reign in England
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8ortrait of James 5yDicholas 7illiard,from the period $&232*

1espite the smoothness of the succession and the .armth of his .elcome, there .ere t.o

unsuccessful conspiracies in the first year of his reign, the 9ye 8lotand ain 8lot, .hich

led to the arrest, among others, of /ord -o5hamand ir Walter Raleigh!>#&?;hose hopingfor goernmental change from James .ere at first disappointed .hen he maintained

Eli4a5eths 8riy -ouncillorsin office, as secretly planned .ith -ecil,>#&?5ut James

shortly added longtime supporter 7enry 7o.ardand his nephe. ;homas 7o.ardto the

8riy -ouncil, as .ell as fie cottish no5les!>#'?In the early years of Jamess reign, thedaytoday running of the goernment .as tightly managed 5y the shre.d Ro5ert -ecil,

later Earl of alis5ury, a5ly assisted 5y the e0perienced ;homas Egerton, .hom James

made 9aron Ellesmere and/ord -hancellor, and 5y ;homas ackille,soon Earl of1orset, .ho continued as /ord ;reasurer!>#&?6s a conseuence, James .as free to

concentrate on 5igger policy issues, such as a scheme for a closer union 5et.een England

and cotland and matters of foreign policy, as .ell as to en=oy his leisure pursuits,

particularly hunting!>#&?

James .as am5itious to 5uild on the personal union of the cro.ns of cotland and

England to esta5lish a permanent Bnion of the -ro.nsunder one monarch, one

parliament and one la., a plan .hich met opposition in 5oth countries!>#?C7ath 7e notmade us all in one island,C James told the English parliament, Ccompassed .ith one sea

and of itself 5y nature indiisi5leLC In 6pril $&2#, ho.eer, the -ommons refused on

legal grounds his reuest to 5e titled CKing of Areat 9ritainC! >#*?In @cto5er $&2# heassumed the title CKing of Areat 9ritainC 5y proclamation rather than statute, though ir

Francis 9acontold him he could not use the style in Cany legal proceeding, instrument or

assuranceC!>%2?

In foreign policy, James achieed more success! Deer haing 5een at .ar .ith pain, hedeoted his efforts to 5ringing the long 6nglopanish Warto an end, and in 6ugust

$&2#, thanks to skilled diplomacy on the part of Ro5ert -ecil and 7enry 7o.ard, no.

Earl of Dorthampton, a peace treaty .as signed 5et.een the t.o countries, .hich James

cele5rated 5y hosting a great 5anuet!>%$?Freedom of .orship for -atholics in Englandcontinued, ho.eer, to 5e a ma=or o5=ectie of panish policy, causing constant
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9/20

dilemmas for James, distrusted a5road for repression of -atholics .hile at home 5eing

encouraged 5y the 8riy -ouncil to sho. een less tolerance to.ards them!>%"?

;he $&$3 letter of King James I remitted to ;okuga.a Ieyasu(8resered in the ;okyo

Bniersityarchies)!

Bnder King James I, e0pansion of English international trade and influence .as actiely

pursued through the East India -ompany! 6n English settlement .as already esta5lished

in 9antam, Indonesia,and in $&$3, follo.ing an initation 5y the English adenturerWilliam 6damsin Japan, the English captain John arisarried at 7iradoin the ship

/lo!e.ith the intent of esta5lishing a trading factory! 6dams and aris traelled to

hi4uoka.here they met .ith ;okuga.a Ieyasuat his principal residence in eptem5er

5efore moing on to Edo .here they met Ieyasus son 7idetada! 1uring that meeting,7idetada gae aris t.o arnishedsuits of armorfor King James I, today housed in the

;o.er of /ondon!>%3?@n their .ay 5ack, they isited ;okuga.a once more, .ho

conferred trading priileges on the English through a Red ealpermit giing them Cfreelicense to a5ide, 5uy, sell and 5arterC in Japan!>%#?;he English party headed 5ack to

7irado on @cto5er *, $&$3! 7o.eer, during the tenyear actiity of the company

5et.een $&$3 and $&"3, apart from the first ship (the -loe in $&$3), only three otherEnglish ships 5rought cargoes directly from /ondon to Japan!

!edit" %un&o'der &lot

ain article: Aunpo.der 8lot

@n the ee of the state openingof the second session of Jamess first 8arliament, on %

Doem5er $&2%, a soldier namedAuy Fa.kes.as discoered in the cellars of the

parliament 5uildings guarding a pile of .ood, not far from 3& 5arrels of gunpo.der .ith.hich he intended to 5lo. up 8arliament 7ouse the follo.ing day and cause the

destruction, as James put it, Cnot only!!!of my person, nor of my .ife and posterity also,

5ut of the .hole 5ody of the tate in generalC!>%%?;he sensational discoery of the-atholic Aunpo.der 8lot, as it uickly 5ecame kno.n, aroused a mood of national relief

at the deliery of the king and his sons .hich alis5ury e0ploited to e0tract higher

su5sidies from the ensuing 8arliament than any 5ut one granted to Eli4a5eth! >%&?
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10/20

!edit" King and Parliament

ain article: James I of England and the English 8arliament

;he moment of cooperation 5et.een monarch and 8arliament follo.ing the Aunpo.der

plot represented a deiation from the norm! Instead, it .as the preious session of $&2#that shaped the attitudes of 5oth sides for the rest of the reign, though the initial

difficulties o.ed more to mutual incomprehension than conscious enmity!>%'?@n ' July

$&2#, James had angrilyprorogued8arliament after failing to .in its support either forfull union of the cro.nsor financial su5sidies! CI .ill not thank .here I feel no thanks

due,C he had remarked in his closing speech! C!!!I am not of such a stock as to praise

fools!!!Mou see ho. many things you did not .ell!!!I .ish you .ould make use of yourtolet li5erty .ith more modesty in time to come!C>%?

6s Jamess reign progressed, his goernment faced gro.ing financial pressures, due

partly to creeping inflation>%*?5ut also to theprofligacyand financial incompetence of

Jamess court! In Fe5ruary $&$2 alis5ury, a 5elieer in parliamentary participation ingoernment,>&2?proposed a scheme, kno.n as theAreat -ontract, .here5y 8arliament, in

return for ten royal concessions, .ould grant a lump sum of N&22,222 to pay off the

kings de5ts plus an annual grant of N"22,222!>&$?;he ensuing prickly negotiations5ecame so protracted that James eentually lost patience and dismissed 8arliament on 3$

1ecem5er $&$2! CMour greatest error,C he told alis5ury, Chath 5een that ye eer

e0pected to dra. honey out of gallC!>&"?;he same pattern .as repeated .ith the socalledC6ddled 8arliamentC of $&$#, .hich James dissoled after a mere eight .eeks .hen

-ommons hesitated to grant him the money he reuired!>&3?James then ruled .ithout

parliament until $&"$, employing officials such as the 5usinessman /ionel -ranfield,

.ho .ere astute at raising and saing money for the cro.n, and sold earldoms and other

dignities, many created for the purpose, as an alternatie source of income! >?

!edit" S&anish match

ain article: panish atch

8ortrait of James 5y John de -rit4,c! $&2&

6nother potential source of income .as the prospect of a panish do.ry from a marriage

5et.een -harles, 8rince of Wales,and the panish Infanta, aria!>&%?;he policy of the

panish atch, as it .as called, also attracted James as a .ay to maintain peace .ithpain and aoid the additional costs of a .ar!>&&?;he peace 5enefits of the policy could 5e

maintained as effectiely 5y keeping the negotiations alie as 5y consummating the

matchO.hich may e0plain .hy James protracted the negotiations for almost a decade!>&'?

upported 5y the 7o.ards and other -atholicleaning ministers and diplomatsOtogether

kno.n as the panish 8artyOthe policy .as deeply distrusted in 8rotestant England!
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_I_of_England&action=edit&section=11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_England_and_the_English_Parliamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-56%23cite_note-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_sessionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_the_crownshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_the_crownshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-57%23cite_note-57http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-58%23cite_note-58http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profligacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profligacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-59%23cite_note-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Contracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Contracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-60%23cite_note-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-60%23cite_note-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-61%23cite_note-61http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addled_Parliamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-62%23cite_note-62http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Cranfield,_1st_Earl_of_Middlesexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-63%23cite_note-63http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_I_of_England&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Matchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_de_Critzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_de_Critzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-64%23cite_note-64http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Matchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-65%23cite_note-65http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-66%23cite_note-66http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_I_of_England&action=edit&section=11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_England_and_the_English_Parliamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-56%23cite_note-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_sessionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_the_crownshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-57%23cite_note-57http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-58%23cite_note-58http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profligacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-59%23cite_note-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Contracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-60%23cite_note-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-61%23cite_note-61http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addled_Parliamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-62%23cite_note-62http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Cranfield,_1st_Earl_of_Middlesexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-63%23cite_note-63http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_I_of_England&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Matchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_de_Critzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-64%23cite_note-64http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Matchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-65%23cite_note-65http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-66%23cite_note-66


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;he out5reak of the ;hirty Mears War, ho.eer, =eopardi4ed Jamess peace policy,

especially after his soninla., Frederick &?;he -ommons on

the one hand granted su5sidies inadeuate to finance serious military operations in aid ofFrederick,>&*?and on the otherOremem5ering the profits gained under Eli4a5eth 5y naal

attacks on gold shipments from the De. WorldOcalled for a .ar directly against pain!

In Doem5er $&"$, led 5y ir Ed.ard -oke, they framed a petition asking not only for.ar .ith pain 5ut also for 8rince -harles to marry a 8rotestant, and for enforcement of

the anti-atholic la.s!>'2?James flatly told them not to interfere in matters of royal

prerogatieor they .ould risk punishment,>'$?.hich prooked them into issuing a

statement protesting their rights, including freedom of speech!>'"?James ripped the protestout of the record 5ook and dissoled 8arliament once again!>'3?

In $&"3, 8rince -harles, no. "3, and 9uckingham decided to sei4e the initiatie and

trael to pain incognito,

>'#?

to .in the Infanta directly, 5ut the mission proed adesperate mistake!>'%?;he Infanta detested -harles, and the panish confronted them .ith

terms that included his conersion to -atholicism and a oneyear stay in pain as, in

essence, a diplomatic hostage! ;he prince and duke returned to England in @cto5er

.ithout the Infanta and immediately renounced the treaty, much to the delight of the9ritish people!>'&?;heir eyes opened 5y the isit to pain, -harles and 9uckingham no.

turned JamesHs panish policy upon its head and called for a French match and a .ar

against the 7a5s5urgempire!>''?;o raise the necessary finance, they preailed uponJames to call another 8arliament, .hich met in Fe5ruary $&"#! For once, the outpouring

of anti-atholic sentiment in the -ommons .as echoed in court, .here control of policy

.as shifting from James to -harles and 9uckingham,>'?.ho pressured the king to

declare .ar and engineered the impeachment of the/ord ;reasurer, /ionel -ranfield, $stEarl of iddlese0, .hen he opposed the plan on grounds of cost!>'*?;he outcome of the

8arliament of $&"# .as am5iguous: James still refused to declare .ar, 5ut -harles

5elieed the -ommons had committed themseles to financing a .ar against pain, astance .hich .as to contri5ute to his pro5lems .ith 8arliament in his o.n reign!>2?

!edit" Religious &ro(lems

ain article: James I of England and religious issues
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_V,_Elector_Palatinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_V,_Elector_Palatinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-67%23cite_note-67http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-68%23cite_note-68http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Cokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-69%23cite_note-69http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_prerogativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_prerogativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-70%23cite_note-70http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-71%23cite_note-71http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-72%23cite_note-72http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-73%23cite_note-73http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-74%23cite_note-74http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-74%23cite_note-74http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-75%23cite_note-75http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-75%23cite_note-75http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Habsburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Habsburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-76%23cite_note-76http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-76%23cite_note-76http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-76%23cite_note-76http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-77%23cite_note-77http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-77%23cite_note-77http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-77%23cite_note-77http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Treasurerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Treasurerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Cranfield,_1st_Earl_of_Middlesexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Cranfield,_1st_Earl_of_Middlesexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-78%23cite_note-78http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-79%23cite_note-79http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_I_of_England&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_England_and_religious_issueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_V,_Elector_Palatinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-67%23cite_note-67http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-68%23cite_note-68http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Cokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-69%23cite_note-69http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_prerogativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_prerogativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-70%23cite_note-70http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-71%23cite_note-71http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-72%23cite_note-72http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-73%23cite_note-73http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-74%23cite_note-74http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-75%23cite_note-75http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Habsburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-76%23cite_note-76http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-77%23cite_note-77http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Treasurerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Cranfield,_1st_Earl_of_Middlesexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Cranfield,_1st_Earl_of_Middlesexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-78%23cite_note-78http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-79%23cite_note-79http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_I_of_England&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_England_and_religious_issues


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James in a portrait 5y 8aul an omer I,c! $&"2! In the 5ackground is the9anueting

7ouse, Whitehall5y architect Inigo Jones($%'3$&%") .hich .as commissioned 5yJames!

;he Aunpo.der 8lot reinforced Jamess oppression of nonconforming English

-atholics and he sanctioned harsh measures for controlling them! In ay $&2&,

8arliament passed the 8opish Recusants 6ctreuiring eery citi4en to take an@ath of6llegiancedenying the 8opes authority oer the king!>$?James .as conciliatory to.ards

-atholics .ho took the @ath of 6llegiance, >"?and he tolerated crypto-atholicism een

at court!>3?7o.eer, in practice he enacted een harsher measures against -atholics than.ere laid upon them 5y Eli4a5eth! ;o.ards the 8uritanclergy, .ith .hom he de5ated at

the 7ampton -ourt -onferenceof $&2#,>#?James .as at first strict in enforcing

conformity, inducing a sense of persecution amongst many 8uritans>%?

5ut e=ections andsuspensions from liings 5ecame fe.er as the reign .ore on! 6 nota5le success of the

7ampton -ourt -onference .as the commissioning of a ne. translation and compilation

of approed 5ooks of the 9i5leto confirm the diine right of kingsto rule and tomaintain the social hierarchy, completed in $&$$, .hich 5ecame kno.n as theKing

James 9i5le

In cotland, James attempted to 5ring the cottish kirk Cso neir as can 5eC to the English

church and reesta5lish the episcopacy, a policy .hich met .ith strong opposition!>&?In$&$, Jamess 5ishops forced hisFie 6rticles of 8erththrough a Aeneral 6ssem5ly 5ut

the rulings .ere .idely resisted!>'?James .as to leae the church in cotland diided at

his death, a source of future pro5lems for his son!

>?

!edit" Personal relationshi&s

ain article: 8ersonal relationships of James I of England

ee also: Ro5ert -arr, $st Earl of omersetand Aeorge


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Ro5ert -arr, $st Earl of omerset($%'$%), 5y John 7oskins

Aeorge *?omemodern historians disagree: C;he eidence of his correspondence and contemporary

accounts hae led some historians to conclude that the king .ashomose0ualor5ise0ual!

In fact, the issue is murky!C (9uchol4, "22#) >*2?InBasilion %oron, James lists sodomyamong crimes Cye are 5ound in conscience neer to forgieC! 6t age "3, James and 322

of his men performed a dramatic rescue of6nne of 1enmark.hen she .as stranded on

the coast ofDor.ay! ;hey married and she gae 5irth to seen children, some sourcessay nine children, only three of .hom suried! James also had a documented t.o yearaffair .ith 6nne urray, later .ith /ady Alamis, to .hom he .rote poetry!

7o.eer, restoration of 6pethorpe 7all, undertaken "22#"22, reealed a preiously

unkno.n passage linking the 5edcham5ers of James and his faourite, Aeorge *$?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Carr,_1st_Earl_of_Somersethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hoskins_(painter)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Villiers,_1st_Duke_of_Buckinghamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esm%C3%A9_Stewart,_1st_Duke_of_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Carr,_1st_Earl_of_Somersethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Carr,_1st_Earl_of_Somersethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Carr,_1st_Earl_of_Somersethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Villiers,_1st_Duke_of_Buckinghamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-88%23cite_note-88http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexualhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexualhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisexualhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisexualhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-89%23cite_note-89http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apethorpe_Hallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-90%23cite_note-90http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GeorgeVilliers.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Carr,_Earl_of_Somerset_by_John_Hoskins.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Carr,_1st_Earl_of_Somersethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hoskins_(painter)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Villiers,_1st_Duke_of_Buckinghamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esm%C3%A9_Stewart,_1st_Duke_of_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Carr,_1st_Earl_of_Somersethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Carr,_1st_Earl_of_Somersethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Villiers,_1st_Duke_of_Buckinghamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-88%23cite_note-88http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexualhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisexualhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-89%23cite_note-89http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apethorpe_Hallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I_of_England#cite_note-90%23cite_note-90


14/20

James I .ore the insignia of the@rder of the Aarterfor this portrait 5y1aniel ytensin

$&"$!

!edit" #he )*er(ur$ +ffair

When the Earl of alis5ury died in $&$", he .as little mourned 5y those .ho =ostled tofill the po.er acuum!>*"?Bntil alis5urys death, the Eli4a5ethan administratie system

oer .hich he had presided continued to function .ith relatie efficiency from this time

for.ard, ho.eer, Jamess goernment entered a period of decline and disrepute!>*3?

alis5urys passing gae James the notion of goerning in person as his o.n chiefinister of tate, .ith his young cottish faourite, Ro5ert -arr, *#?

;he 7o.ard party, consisting of Dorthampton, uffolk, uffolks soninla. /ord

Knollys, and -harles 7o.ard, Earl of Dottingham, along .ith ir ;homas /ake, soon

took control of much of the goernment and its patronage! Een the po.erful -arr,

hardly e0perienced for the responsi5ilities thrust upon him and often dependent on hisintimate friend ir ;homas @er5uryfor assistance .ith goernment papers,>*%?fell into

the 7o.ard camp, after 5eginning an affair .ith the married Frances 7o.ard, -ountess

of Esse0, daughter of the earl of uffolk, .hom James assisted in securing an annulmentof her marriage to free her to marry -arr!>*&?In summer $&$%, ho.eer, it emerged that

@er5ury, .ho on $% eptem5er $&$3 had died in the ;o.er of /ondon, .here he had

5een placed at the Kings reuest,>*'?had 5een poisoned!>*?6mong those conicted of themurder .ere Frances 7o.ard and Ro5ert -arr, the latter haing 5een replaced as the

kings faourite in the meantime 5y


15/20

court .ith an image of corruption and depraity!>**?;he su5seuent do.nfall of the

7o.ards left $22?

!edit" Final $ear

1uring the last year of Jamess life, .ith 9uckingham consolidating his control of-harles to ensure his o.n future, the king .as often seriously ill, leaing him an

increasingly peripheral figure, rarely a5le to isit /ondon!>$2$?In early $&"%, James .as

plagued 5y seere attacks of arthritis,goutand fainting fits, and in arch fell seriously ill.ith tertian agueand then suffered a stroke! James finally died at;heo5alds 7ouseon "'

arch during a iolent attack of dysentery, .ith 9uckingham at his 5edside!>$2"?JamesHs

funeral, a magnificent 5ut disorderly affair, took place on ' ay! 9ishop John Williamsof /incoln preached the sermon, o5sering, CKing olomondied in 8eace, .hen he had

lied a5out si0ty years!!!and so you kno. did King JamesC!>$23?

!edit" ,egac$;he king .as .idely mourned! For all his fla.s, James had neer completely lost theaffection of his people, .ho had en=oyed uninterrupted peace and comparatiely lo.

ta0ation during the Jaco5ean Era!C6s he lied in peace,C remarked the Earl of Kellie, Cso

did he die in peace, and I pray Aod our king >-harles? may follo. himC!>$2#?;he earlprayed in ain: once in po.er, -harlesand 9uckinghamsanctioned a series of reckless

military e0peditions that ended in humiliating failure!>$2%?James 5eueathed -harles a

fatal 5elief in the diine right of kings,com5ined .ith a disdain for 8arliament, .hichculminated in the English -iil Warand the e0ecution of -harles! James had often

neglected the 5usiness of goernment for leisure pastimes, such as the hunt and his later

dependence on male faourites at a scandalridden court undermined the respected imageof monarchy so carefully constructed 5yEli4a5eth!>$2&?;he sta5ility of JamesHsgoernment in cotland, ho.eer, and in the early part of his English reign, as .ell as his

relatiely enlightened ie.s on religious issues and .ar, hae earned him a reealuation

from many recent historians, .ho hae rescued his reputation from a tradition of criticismstemming 5ack to the antituarthistorians of the midseenteenth century!>$2'?

;he King James


16/20

Royal styles of

James VI- King of Scots

Reference st$le 7is Arace

S&o.en st$le Mour Arace

+lternati*e st$le ire

Royal styles of

King James I of England

Reference st$le 7is a=esty

S&o.en st$le Mour a=esty

+lternati*e st$le ire

!edit" #itles and st$les

/0 June /122 3 45 Jul$ /126: 8rince James

/0 June /122 3 45 Jul$ /126: ;he 1uke of Rothesay (Earl of -arrick, /ord

Renfre.)

/7 Fe(ruar$ 3 45 Jul$ /126: ;he 1uke of 6l5any (Earl of Ross, /ord6rdmannoch)

45 Jul$ /126 3 46 March /241:is .raceJames


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!edit" ,ist of 'ritings

is +aiesties Poeticall 0ercises at Vacant ores,>$2?poems, $%*$

o (epanto, poem

9 /onter2laste to 'o2acco

9 %eclaration a&ainst Vorstis is +aesties %eclaration concernin& hisProceedin&s )ith the States &enerall of the :nited Pro!inces of the (o)/ontries, in the matter of % /onrads Vorstis, comprising Cthe seasona5le

suppression of the dangerous doctrines of -onradus $?

!edit" Children

Further information: 1escendants of James I of England

Jamess .ife, 6nne of 1enmark, gae 5irth to seen children .ho suried 5eyond 5irth:>$2*?

$! 7enry, 8rince of Wales ($* Fe5ruary $%*# & Doem5er $&$")! 1ied, pro5a5ly

of typhoid feer,aged $!>$$2?

"! Eli4a5eth of 9ohemia ($* 6ugust $%*& $3 Fe5ruary $&&")! arried $&$3,Frederick


18/20

daughter: Eli4a5eth of 9ohemia

!edit" +ncestr$

>sho.?QdQe

+ncestors of James I of England

$&! atthe. te.art, "nd Earl of

/enno0

!John te.art, 3rd Earl of

/enno0

$'! Eli4a5eth 7amilton

#!atthe. te.art, #th Earl of

/enno0

$! John te.art, $st Earl of

6tholl

*! Eli4a5eth te.art

$*!Eleanor inclair

"! 7enry tuart, /ord 1arnley
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_I_of_England&action=edit&section=22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Ahnentafel_tophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Ahnentafel_tophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Ahnentafel_tophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Ahnentafel_tophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Ahnentafel_tophttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Ahnentafel_top&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Stewart,_2nd_Earl_of_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Stewart,_2nd_Earl_of_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stewart,_3rd_Earl_of_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stewart,_3rd_Earl_of_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stewart,_3rd_Earl_of_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Hamilton_(ancestor_of_James_I_of_England)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Stewart,_4th_Earl_of_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Stewart,_4th_Earl_of_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Stewart,_4th_Earl_of_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Athollhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Athollhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleanor_Sinclair&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleanor_Sinclair&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gerard_van_Honthorst_007.jpeghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_I_of_England&action=edit&section=22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Ahnentafel_tophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Ahnentafel_tophttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Ahnentafel_top&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Stewart,_2nd_Earl_of_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Stewart,_2nd_Earl_of_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stewart,_3rd_Earl_of_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stewart,_3rd_Earl_of_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Hamilton_(ancestor_of_James_I_of_England)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Stewart,_4th_Earl_of_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Stewart,_4th_Earl_of_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Athollhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Athollhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleanor_Sinclair&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnley


19/20

"2!Aeorge 1ouglas, aster of

6ngus

$2! 6rchi5ald 1ouglas, &th

Earl of 6ngus

"$! Eli4a5eth 1rummond

%!argaret 1ouglas

""! 7enry


20/20

$3!argaret ;udor( $$)

"'! Eli4a5eth of Mork( "3)

3!ary, +ueen of cots

"! Ren II, 1uke of /orraine

$#! -laude, 1uke of Auise

"*! 8hillipa of Auelders

'!ary of Auise

32!FranSois, -ount of

Documents

James I of England