Jan. 23rd Warmup

• What were the motivations behind European exploration of distant lands?

– Anything of value:• Gold, spices, and luxury goods

– Trade– Larger profits– Catholic conversion

• The motivations behind European exploration of distant lands were anything of value (gold, spices, and luxury goods), trade, larger profits, and Catholic conversion.

11.1 European Exploration & Expansion

Page #192-197

European Explorers

European Explorers

Treaty of Tordesillas

• Background:– Spain & Portugal feared each other would claim

each other’s territories• Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)– North-south boundary line– Portugal would have east• Control of Africa and Spice trade

– Spain would have west• Most of the America’s

Treaty of Tordesillas

Portuguese

1. Portuguese Explorers2. Bartholomeu Dias

3. Cape of Good Hope (1488)2. Vasco da Gama

3. Calicut, India (1498)3. Big $$ from cargo of Indian spices

2. Afonso de Albuquerque 3. established a port in Goa, India3. Melaka- took control of spice trade from

Muslims

Spanish

1. Spanish Explorers2. Columbus

3. reached the Americas (1492)3. reached all major Caribbean islands, he called “Indies”

2. Magellan3. waterway along tip of S. America, “Strait of Magellan”3. killed in Philippines; remembered as 1st around globe

2. Amerigo Vespucci3. many voyages; America named after him

2. Hernan Cortes3. Conquest of the Aztec

2. Francisco Pizzaro3. Conquest of the Inca

Making Connections

Portuguese• Invented the caravel• Used government sponsorship• Went to Africa for gold, later

India & Spice Islands• Portuguese signed a treaty with

Moluccan ruler for control of the spice trade over the Arabs

• Limited number of trading posts• Did not have the power, people,

or desire to colonize these regions.

• Went to America; took control of Brazil

Spanish• Used government sponsorship• Conquistadors went to America• Conquered Aztec & Inca Empires• Created an empire by destroying

civilizations and killing native populations

• Empire expansion

European Rivals

• England, France, and the Netherlands also explored and settled in the Americas.

• Dutch:– West India Company– New Netherland, never flourished

• English:– Seized the colony of New Netherland, rename New York– Virginia & Massachusetts Bay Colony– Established control of the eastern seaboard of N. America

• French:– Colonized Canada & Louisiana

Homework

• Read Lesson 11.2 (online), pages #198-203

• 11.2 Vocabulary List:1. Destruction of local cultures2. Increase European Trade3. Mercantilism4. Columbian Exchange5. Plantation System6. Dutch East India Company7. Slave Trade8. Middle Passage9. Effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade