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P Pl tPower PlantsA1M15ENY
Lecture No 5Lecture No. 5Jan Špetlík
spetlij@fel cvut cz - subject in e-mail ENY”[email protected] subject in e mail „ENY
Department of Power Engineering Faculty of Eelectrical Engineering CTU Technická 2Department of Power Engineering, Faculty of Eelectrical Engineering CTU, Technická 2, 166 27 Praha 6
Peak short circuit current is:
2 1 7 2 25 59 9 kAi Iκ ′′
73 4 10 3 1l −
3 3. 2. 1,7. 2.25 59,9 kAp ki Iκ= = =Force between main conductors for both cases:
72 2 60
3 33 4. .10 3 1. . . . .59,9 .10 . 1, 242 kN
2. 2 2. 2 0,5m p m
lF id
μ ππ π
= = =
F t
0,73β = . 1rV Vσ = 0,2. 1,5.120 180 MPaqσ = =Factors:
F ff t d t
2 20 010 0 063b1) Vertical arrangement
Force effects on conductors:
31 242 10 1F l
2 25 3. 0,010.0,063 3,97.10 m
6 6a bZ −= = =
33
5
. 1, 242.10 .1. . . 1.0,73. 2,85 MPa8. 8.3,97.10
mm r
F lV VZσ
σ β −= = =
0,2.tot qσ σ
26 30,063.0,010
2) Horizontal arrangement
6 30,063.0,010 1,05.10 m6
Z −= =
33. 1, 242.10 .1F l3
6
. 1, 242.10 .1. . . 1.0,73. 107,9 MPa8. 8.1,05.10
mm r
F lV VZσ
σ β −= = =
C d OK b 0,2.tot qσ σ ⇒
1) Vertical arrangement
1 1α =, 2,7 . 2,72,85 F rtot
V Vσ
= > ⇒ =
2 7 1 1 1 242 7 18 kNF V V Fα= = =
1,1kritα =
3. . . 2,7.1,1.1, 242 7,18 kND F r mF V V Fα= = =
0,025 mT = ,
7,18 0,13 0,025. 10,7 kN P+ = <
Corresponding support is 16 kN
. 10,7 kN0,8 0,13
P<
1,1k itα =0,20,8. 0,8.120 0 889 1 1V V
σ= = < ⇒ =
2) Horizontal arrangement
1,1kritα0,889 1 . 1107,9 F rtot
V Vσ
= = < ⇒ =
3. . . 1.1,1.1, 242 1,37 kND FF V V Fα= = =3. . . 1.1,1.1, 242 1,37 kND F r mF V V Fα
0,052 mT =
1,37 0,13 0,052. 2, 4 kN0,8 0,13
P+ = <
Corresponding support is 5 kN
Rem.
For power outlet from medium sized generator a multiple rigid conductor arrangement can be used (in this case 3 x Al 63x10
h )per phase)
multiple bundled ACSRconductorsconductors
High current resin insulatedconductor system DURESCA
Aluminum enclosed bus ducts are used for the most heavy currentused for the most heavy current demanding installations
GeneratorsIn power generation following types are used:
- Round synchronous machines (two or four poles) for steam turbines up to 1000 MW
- Salient pole synchronous machines (multipole) for hydroelectric power plants power output hundreds of MWpower plants, power output hundreds of MW
- Cage induction machines- Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIG), power output tens of
MW for wind farms
Turbogenerators
Hydrogenerators DFIGs
GeneratorsConstruction:
GeneratorsIM code:Mounting arrangementacc. to EN 60034-7acc. to EN 60034 7(generators + motors)
GeneratorsIC code: Cooling arrangement
Cooling arrangement of generators:- Natural cooling - convection- Forced internal cooling (a speed dependent fan located on shaft)
Natural + forced internal cooling (two circuits convection + fan)- Natural + forced internal cooling (two circuits convection + fan)- Forced external cooling (speed independent fan/pump)
GeneratorsIC code: Cooling arrangement
GeneratorsIC code:
GeneratorsClasses of the insulation system:Expresses thermal withstand of (winding) insulation materials, typically:Cl A E tt ilkClass A, E – cotton, silk, paperClass B, F – mica, glass fiber, asbestosClass H – silicone elastomer, porcelain, mica, glass fiberClass H silicone elastomer, porcelain, mica, glass fiber
Rem.:Rem.: Class B / F – most common for 60 Hz / 50 Hz motorsMaterials for special insulation requirements (aerospace, nuclear, physics):Ceramics, silicon resins, teflon, chrome-iron/nickel clad copper (over 200 –600 °C)
Main Parameters SelectionRated apparent power:Dependent of turbine power output + rated power factor (~0,85) Formerly used generator series: 63 MVA / 125 MVA / 235 MVA /Formerly used generator series: 63 MVA / 125 MVA / 235 MVA /588 MVA / 1176 MVA
Rated voltage:Rated voltage:Voltage selection with respect to In, insulation parameters, ability to protect the machine + outer networkpTypical voltage level Vn:
Pn Vndo 50 MW 6 - 6,3 kV
50-100 MW 10,5 - 11 kV
100-200MW 13,8 kV,
200-500 MW 15 - 15,75 kV
1000 MW Temelín 24 kV
Basic Formulas for Steady State
Steady state three phase power:
*ˆ ˆ ˆ3 3 cos 3 sinS P j Q U I U I j U Iϕ ϕ= + = = +. 3. . 3. . .cos .3. . .sinf f fS P j Q U I U I j U Iϕ ϕ= + = = +
2.3 i i 2d qX XU E UP U I β β
−3. . .cos .sin . .sin 2
2 .d q
fd d q
P U IX X X
ϕ β β= = +
2 2X X X XU E U U +2 2.3. . .sin .cos . .cos 2 .2 . 2 .
d q d qf
d d q d q
X X X XU E U UQ U IX X X X X
ϕ β β− +
= = + −
Regulation Fundamentalsg
( ).sys P Wf f s P P= + −Governor: P-f regulation AVR: Q-V regulation
( ).ref Q WV V s Q Q= + −