Janna Wickham RN MSN Lake Sumter Community College Nursing
Foundation January 2013
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Learning Objectives
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Safe, Effective Care Environment Describe physiological
processes affecting the client's ventilation, perfusion, and
exchange of respiratory gases Assess the clients oxygenation
status
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Health Promotion and Maintenance Develop nursing interventions
that promote oxygenation Describe the impact of a client's level of
health, age, lifestyle, and environment on tissue oxygenation
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Physiological Integrity Interpret diagnostic testing related to
oxygenation, breathing, circulation, and gas exchange
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Systems Involved in Oxygenation Pulmonary Respiration
Circulatory Perfusion Musculoskeletal Ventilation Neurological
Ventilation
Lungs-Lower- considered sterile Right- 3 lobes Left- 2 lobes
Mediastinum- separates right from left Alveoli Alveoli-capillary
membrane Gas Exchange Surfactant Pleura Pleural Space
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Gas Exchange
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Functions of Pulmonary System Ventilation Respiration
Oxygenation Hypoxemia (blood) Perfusion Hypoxia
Lung Compliance Conditions that reduce lung compliance Edema
Scar tissue Loss of surfactant Lung elasticity Loss of elasticity
results in lungs that inflate but air is trapped Airway resistance
Small changes can cause increased airway resistance
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Respiration External Respiration Alveolar-Capillary Membrane
Diffusion Conditions that slow or reduce gas exchange Internal
Respiration
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How is Breathing Controlled Respiratory Center Brainstem
Feedback system Chemoreceptors in the medulla, aorta, and carotid
arteries Blood pH, O 2 levels, and CO 2 levels Lung receptors
provide feedback
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Cardiovascular Deoxygenated blood flows into the right atrium
Pulmonary circulation Alveolar-capillary membrane external gas
exchange occurs Oxygenated blood flows from the lungs to the left
side of the heart of out into the arterial circulation