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January 25, 2012
IntroductionsChapter 8 ConceptsChapter 8 TermsIntro to plant cloningAssignment: Terms. Define terms on page
171 Due tomorrow! (Thursday)
Reading: Ch 8
Intros!
Mrs. Haddad (Mrs. H)UW-PlattevilleAgricultural Education
BiotechnologyI like to:
Travel, play sports, scrapbook, and show cowsmrshonlineag.wordpress.com
Plant Cloning
But First…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvnKybI7fzU
Key Concepts
Plants naturally propagate by cloningAdvantages of cloningIdentify plant “anatomy” involvedDescribe various methodsRole of plant hormonesGenetic alteration
Key Terms
Asexual Reproduction Type of cloning that ensures a desirable species would
be producedVegetative Propagation
Increase in the number of plants by planting seeds, using cuttings, division, grafting or layering
Plastids Plant cell bodies containing photosynthetic pigments
Key Terms
Separation Pulling apart plants where they naturally separate for
propagationsDivision
Plant cuttings into sections and growing new from each section
Stolons Runners; specialized stems that branch out
horizontally above ground
Key Terms
Rhizomes Elongated underground stems; often tuber shaped
Tuber Thickened or swollen underground branch or stolon
with numerous budsBulbs
Subterranean buds with overlapping membrane-like leaf bases
Key Terms
Tunicate Bulb with dry outer layers and grows via small
“bublets”Nontunicate
Bulb with layers of outer scales that can be separated and propagated
Corms Enlarged fleshy base of a stem in which food
accumulates
Key Terms
Auxin Plant hormones
Layering Propagations via covering a portion of the plant with
soil to encourage rooting off a stem of the parent plant
Grafting Plant material from two separate plants joined into
one
Key Terms
Scion In grafting, the upper part of the plant
Cambium Actively growing cells between bark and wood
Callus Cells Undifferentiated tissue cells
Key Terms
Xylem Plant “plumbing;” channel
for water and dissolved minerals
Phloem Inner bark; channel for food
throughout the plantTissue Culture
Small amount of tissue used to grow a new plant
Key Terms
Meristem Plant tissue with
undifferentiated cellsExplant
Plant tissue containing meristem cells; taken from very end of stem or root
Intro to Plant Cloning
History: One of the oldest forms of cloning
Natural Man made
Asexual Reproduction Vegetative Propagation STRAWBERRIES!
January 26, 2012
Term Review FREE WRITE DiscussionAdvantages of Plant CloningAssignment: Lab Write UpTOMORROW: Lab!
Advantages of Plant Cloning
FREE WRITE! Take three minutes to list all of the advantages of
plant cloning you can think of.
Advantages of Cloning
Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWOAPYcMPHw
Advantages of Cloning
Genetically identicalMore efficientSeedlessUniformityResistanceYieldFertilityIncreased possibilitiesNutritional BenefitsDependability
Disadvantages
Genetically identicalDiversityDisease SpreadDisease SusceptibilityCostTimeReliance on humansEthics
According to the USDA…
Yield A cloned plant can yield a thousand new plants from one
parent plant. This means that farmers can produce more crops without a lot of seeds.
Strength Cloning a plant means you can choose the best plants to
clone. An entire crop of healthy, prosperous plants can be cloned from one strong parent plant.
Timing Cloned plants grow at the same rate, so harvesting can
become streamlined.Food Options
So far, the FDA has stated that cloned food would be perfectly safe for humans to eat. They have not, however, finalized a ruling to allow cloned food on the market.
Read more: What Are the Advantages of Cloning in Agriculture? | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/facts_5750461_advantages-cloning-agriculture_.html#ixzz1kU9V5qZV
In Preparation for Lab
Fingerprinting & DNA Extraction DNA=code of life It’s how we know that there are over one million
differences between you and me. (That’s 0.1% of our DNA!!!)
Read Introduction
January 27, 2012
LAB! DNA Extraction and Fingerprinting
Monday: Video: The Future of Food Prepare for critical thinking!!
February 1, 2012
Types of cloningTomorrow:
Packet Due! Current Events work day
Meet here!
Types of Cloning
Separation & DivisionTuber & BulbsCuttingsLayeringGraftingTissue Culture
But First…
A few differences between animal & plant cells Plants: Central Vacuole, Cell Wall, Plastids EASIER TO CLONE!!
Why? Greater natural frequency Mitosis vs Meiosis
Separation and Division
Separation Genetic consistency Faster growth Hybrid options
Division Plant rejuvenation Early spring
Tubers and Bulbs
Tubers Uniform crop vs True Seed New vs Old
Emergence Stems Tuber initiation Maturity Vigor Yield
Bulbs Underground Divide into two
Cuttings
Cut depends on plant species Ex: Potato
http://www.ehow.com/video_7618017_plant-rose-bush-cuttings.html He’ll explain it better than I will…
Layering
Three Types: Air (Ex: Rubber Plant) Mound (Ex: Shrubs) Tip (Ex: Black Raspberries)
Bury a branch in the soilEventually form rootsCut from originalTransplant
Grafting
A scion is removed from one plant and fused onto another plant
Cleft The stock is cut in half, perpendicular to the ground. The
top is split, the scion inserted, and the graft sealed with special wax.
Bark The end of the scion is cut into a thin wedge, and the
scion is stored in a refrigerator. The scion is inserted under the bark, secured with wire staples and sealed with wax.
Whip/Tongue Scion and stock are of the same diameter. A slender V
cut is made at the end of the scion and a matching V is cut into the stock. The point of the scion is placed into the receiving V and the graft is bound and sealed with wax.
Best time for a woody cut is during dormancy!!
Tissue Culture
Originated in France (mid ‘60s)Micro propagation (In-Vitro)Screen cells rather than plantsProduce valuable compoundsCross distant speciesRapid breedingTissue for transformationObtain “clean stock” from
meristemLarge numbers of identical
individuals
Fun Facts
Some plants grown only for the male Ex: Asparagus
Some are propagated by their rhizomes & corms Bermuda Grass Gladiolus
High relative humidity helps growth after propagation
February 2, 2012
Packet Due TODAY!Cloning GMOs Packet Due Today!Friday: Terms Quiz & Current Events
Article
Read the articleAnswer the questionsHighlight words or phrases you don’t
understand
February 3, 2012
Terms QuizCurrent EventsThink of questions
Agronomy speaker Monday!!
February 6, 2012
Today: Agronomy SpeakerTomorrow: LAB
Tonight: Be ready for lab quiz before lab tomorrow!
February 7, 2012
LAB!Tomorrow: Current Events presentations
February 8, 2012
Test ReviewTEST TOMORROW!!
