Japan – Renewed Emphasis

Hiroshi Asanuma

Leader, Geothermal Team Fukushima Renewable Energy Research Institute (FREA),

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

GRC Annual Mtg., 2017, Salt Lake City

Potential of hydrothermal resources (Stefansson(2012))

3,270

3,650

5,800

6,000

6,000

23,470

27,790

30,000

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000

Italy

NZ

Iceland

Phillipines

Mexico

Japan

Indonesia

USA

[MW]

Composition of electrical source in JPN (FEPC(2015))

LNG

Coal

Oil

Hydro Renewables

Nuclear Geothermal (0.2%)

Obstructive factors of geothermal development in Japan

3. Cost High initial cost and long lead time prevent private sectors to invest to geothermal developments.

1. National Parks (“no drillings, no exploration, no researches” policy) 80% of the geothermal energy in Japan exist inside national parks where no exploitation had been allowed.

2. Hot springs Some of the owners of hot spring make strong campaign against geothermal development in afraid of degradation of the springs.

4. Size of hydrothermal systems Power generation around 20-30 MW is the most suitable from sustainability (～30years) point of view in Japan.

5. Reservoir management Some of the operators find difficulties in prevention of scale deposition, maintenance of sustainability and treatment of acid fluid.

Obstructive factors of geothermal development in Japan

METI

Type Capacity etc. Price (JPY/kWh) Effective period

PV ～10kW 25～30+TAX 10years 10kW～2MW 21+TAX 20years

Wind ～20kW 55+TAX 20years 20kW～ 18+TAX 20years Offshore 36+TAX 20years

Geothermal ～15MW 40+TAX 15years 15MW～ 26+TAX 15years Replace 15MW～ (all the facilities) 20+TAX 15years Replace 15MW～ (surface facilities) 12+TAX 15years

Hydro 200kW～1MW 29+TAX 20years 1MW～30MW 20～27+TAX 20years

Hydro(existing waterline) 200kW～1MW 21+TAX 20years 1MW～30MW 12～15+TAX 20years

Biomass Wood biomass 21+TAX 20years Construction waste 13+TAX 20years General waste and other biomass 17+TAX 20years

FIT in Japan (started in 2012) 1JPY=0.9￠

Geothermal power stations in Japan (in the end of 2016)

Mori 25MW

Onuma 9.5MW

Sumikawa 50MW Matsukawa

23.5MW

Kakkonda 50+30MW

Yanaizu- Nishiyama 30MW

Hachijojima 3.3MW

Uenotai 28.8MW

Yamakawa 30MW

Ogiri 30MW

Otake 12.5MW

Kirishima Kokusai Htl 0.1MW

Takigami 25MW

Suginoi 3MW

Kuju 0.9MW Hatchobaru 55+55+2MW

Shichimi Spring 0.02MW

Abo Tunnel 0.003MW Yumura Spring 0.03MW

Beppu Spring 0.5MW Goto-en 0.09MW

LEGEND

1 MW≦ 10MW≦

< 1MW

Onikobe 12.5MW

40 power plants(518MW)

2014

2014 2013

2014

2014

• 12 areas, 14 units 10MW～ • 3 + 1 units 1MW～10MW • 22 units ～1MW

On-going projects • 19 PJs 10MW～ • 7 PJｓ 1MW～10MW • 18 PJs ～1MW

Toya-ko Spring 0.07MW 2017

Tsuchiyu Spring 0.2 MW 2015

Hotel Sunvalley 0.02 MW

2016

Obama Spring 0.14MW 2015 Oguni Waita 2MW Oguni Matsuya 0.06 MW

History of geothermal power generation and government fund

Capa

city

(M

W)

Fund

for

R&

D (

Billi

on Y

en)

Fund Capacity

NEDO TSC (2016)

Funding scheme in Japan

METI

METI: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry ANRE: Agency for Natural Resources and Energy JOGMEC: Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation NEDO: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization MOE: Ministry of the Environment MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology JSPS: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research

ANRE MEXT

JSPS JOGMEC NEDO

Academia Industry

KAKEN HI

Basic scientific study

Subsurface issue

Surface issue JPN/US

Joint Research

FS of innovative technologies

MOE

Environ-mental issue

-R&D -Exploration -Loan guarantee

On-going large government-funded geothermal projects

FA Title Period No. of PJ

Budget (USD)

NEDO Research and Development of Geothermal Power Generation Technology

2013-2017 18 50 MM

Advanced Research Program for Energy and Environmental Technologies/Development of next-generation technologies of geothermal power generation

2014-2017 3 6 MM

JOGMEC Technology for exploration of geothermal reservoirs 2013-2017 1 17MM

Technology to evaluate and manage geothermal reservoirs

2013-2017 1 15 MM

METI International Joint Research Program for Innovative energy Technology

2015-2019 2 3.5 MM

MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Specially Promoted Research

2013-2017 1 4 MM

FY30 (2018.4.1～2019.3.31) METI budget request 24MM USD (a) Exploration technologies (b) Drilling technologies (bit and rig) (c) Reservoir management and control (EGS) (d) High performance power generation system (e) Development of supercritical geothermal system (preparation of drilling of a proof-of-concept borehole)

JOGMEC: Technology to evaluate and manage geothermal reservoirs Outline of projects

- Development of a manual for EGS operation (recharge injection type) through experimental study at Yanaizu-Nishiyama (Oku-aizu geothermal area)

Location : Fukushima PrefectureOperator :(Power generator) Tohoku Electric Power Co.,Inc.

(Steam supplier) Okuaizu Geothermal Co.,Ltd.Installed Capacity : 65MWOperation start : May 1995

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

500,000

Produced Energy (MWh)

Tokyo

Fukushima

YanaizunishiyamaGeothermal Plant

Aizuwakamatsu

High temperature region

Legend

Production well

Injection well

Suspended well

Estimated fault(-1000m)

Feed points

Superheated region

Acidification region

Chinoikezawa fault

ChinoikezawaFoot wall fault

Chinoikezawa Hanging wall fault

Chinoikezawa southeast fault

Sarukurazawa faultTakiyagawa fault

37℃

34℃

45℃

22℃

Superheatedregion

Acidificationregion

10T Pad

JOGMEC: Technology to evaluate and manage geothermal reservoirs Outline of projects

PowerPlant

ProductionWell

InjectionWell

GeothermalReservoir

Magma Body

RechargeWell

Oku-aizu Geothermal Area

JOGMEC: Development of PDC bit for geothermal wells Outline of projects

(a) Development of PDC cutter (diamond composite) (b) Design of bit face (location of cutter, liquid flow ) (c) Manufacture of prototypes (d) Field test

NEDO: Research and Development of Geothermal Power Generation Technology

Outline of projects

- 4 subtasks (a) Environmentally-friendly and high-functioning power generation system (b) Small binary system for low enthalpy geothermal resources (c) Environment conservation technologies for power plant (d) Innovative technologies

- Focus on “scale problem” (10 projects among 17 projects)

Simulator of H2S diffusion (CRIEPI)

NEDO interim appraisal document (2017)

Monitoring system of hot springs (Onsen) (AIST)

NEDO: Research and Development of Geothermal Power Generation Technology

Outline of projects

Hybrid cycle power generation system (Toshiba) Design of power plant with “ecological landscape” concept (SHIMZU, Sight and Landscape Design Institute, Hosei U.)

Flash cycle

Binary cycle

NEDO interim appraisal document (2017)

NEDO: Advanced Research Program for Energy and Environmental Technologies/Development of next-generation technologies of geothermal power generation

Outline of projects

- Investigation of innovative technologies which has potential to drastically increase geothermal power generation after 2030

- Focused study on core technologies - Planning of following national projects toward 2030 - Five projects have been funded (1-2 years, 0.8$ MM/year)

(a) Cutting-edge study to develop subduction-origin supercritical geothermal resources (FY2015-2016)

(b) Development of innovative technologies to dramatically increase the capacity of geothermal power generation by preventing injectivity decrease of wells and utilizing acidic geothermal fluids (FY2015-2016)

(c) Research of a Multi-beam laser surface treatment for ultra corrosion-resistant turbine to realize the hot dry rock geothermal power generation (FY2015-2016)

(d) Feasibility study of laser drilling under supercritical conditions (FY2016-2017) (e) Innovative drilling technologies for supercritical geothermal development (FY2015-

2017)

NEDO: Advanced Research Program for Energy and Environmental Technologies/Development of next-generation technologies of geothermal power generation

Outline of projects

Development of subduction-origin supercritical geothermal resources (AIST, Fuji Electronics, Geo-E and Tohoku U.)

NESTI2050 (CAO)

Roadmap of supercritical geothermal development by CAO/METI 2018 2020 2030 2050

Investigation of technological feasibility of reservoir creation and extraction of thermal energy

Detailed feasibility study

Preparation of exploratory drilling

Exploratory drilling

Evaluation and preparation of demonstration

Demonstration experiment

Commercializa tion

① Understanding of the state of supercritical geothermal reservoir, and evaluation of electric power potential

② Evaluation of the materials and equipment necessary for supercritical geothermal power generation

③ Development and economical evaluations of supercritical geothermal power generation systems

④ Evaluation of methods for minimizing environmental impact and ensuring safety

Investigation of technological feasibility of new materials and tools

Investigation of economical feasibility supercritical geothermal power generation

Investigation on minimization of environmental burden and ensuring safety

Engineering/ economical feasibility

Point of evaluation

*Preparation of equipment

*Determination of drill site

*Drilling plan

Preparation of new material and equipment for exploratory borehole

*Evaluation methodology of environmental burden

*HSE management

Equipment, safety,and consensus

*Presence of supercritical resources

*Estimation of amount of energy

*Experiments in borehole

*Determination of Spec. of materials and equipment

High quality data

Performance for demonstration

*Experimental facility *Downhole tools and

monitoring system *Simulator

*New materials *New tools

*Design of power generation system

*Engineering investigation for commercial power generation

*Demonstration of power generation

*Pilot plant *Sustainability

Evaluation of environmental burden

Commercial technology

*Super-borehole (～×5)

＊20-30

years of power genera-tion

*Economy

(<10C/kWh)

*Large

national-wide potential (>100GW)

Partners of “Super-critical Project” (JBBP)

Leading institute

Academia

Industry

MEXT: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Specially Promoted Research Outline of projects

- “Science and Technology of Geothermal Energy Frontier” (Tohoku University and AIST) is on-going

- Basic study to understand response of rock mass to liquid injection in brittle-ductile transition zone.

Tohoku University Tohoku University Team

450˚C 570˚C 500˚C 400˚C

70~100˚C

MEXT: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Specially Promoted Research Outline of projects

Science and Technology of Geothermal Energy Frontier

Watanabe et al. (2016)

Summary Japanese geothermal research and development

- Re-activated after tragedy of March 11, 2011 - High expectation of the government to satisfy base-load energy demand in

2030 - A number of difficulties/restrictions unique in Japan (a) Coexistence with hot springs (b) Social acceptance (c) Lack in human resources both in academia and industry (d) Lost knowledge/know-hows after 10 years of interruption - R&D in both short and long range view

(a) High resolution exploration/monitoring technologies (b) EGS(recharge injection type) (c) High performance binary/hybrid system (d) Scale prevention/removal technologies (e) Environmentally friendly design technologies (f) Development of supercritical geothermal resources

- Importance of international collaboration