Japan and the Koreas

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1

People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change

HOLTHOLT

Japan and the KoreasJapan and the KoreasSection 1: Section 1: Physical GeographyPhysical Geography

Section 2: Section 2: The History and Culture of JapanThe History and Culture of Japan

Section 3: Section 3: Japan TodayJapan Today

Section 4: Section 4: The History and Culture of the KoreasThe History and Culture of the Koreas

Section 5: Section 5: South and North Korea TodaySouth and North Korea Today

CHAPTER 28CHAPTER 28



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Objectives: Objectives: What are the physical features of Japan and the What are the physical features of Japan and the

Koreas?Koreas? What natural resources does the region have?What natural resources does the region have? Which climate types are found in the region?Which climate types are found in the region?

Section 1Section 1Physical GeographyPhysical Geography



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Physical features of Physical features of Japan and the Koreas:Japan and the Koreas: The Koreas are located on a peninsula.The Koreas are located on a peninsula. Japan’s four Japan’s four home islandshome islands are Hokkaido, Honshu, are Hokkaido, Honshu,

Shikoku, and Kyushu.Shikoku, and Kyushu. Mountains dominate the region. The Japanese Alps are Mountains dominate the region. The Japanese Alps are

the longest range.the longest range. There are plains along the coasts and river valleys.There are plains along the coasts and river valleys. Japan lies along the Japan lies along the Ring of FireRing of Fire..




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The Region’s Natural ResourcesThe Region’s Natural Resources Korea’s mountainous terrain and rivers are good for Korea’s mountainous terrain and rivers are good for

producing hydroelectricity.producing hydroelectricity. North Korea has iron ore, copper, zinc, lead, and coal.North Korea has iron ore, copper, zinc, lead, and coal. TheThe Oyashio CurrentOyashio Current and the and the Japan CurrentJapan Current create create

Japan’s superior fisheries.Japan’s superior fisheries.




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Climate types of Japan and the Koreas:Climate types of Japan and the Koreas: Humid continental—Hokkaido, northern Honshu, and Humid continental—Hokkaido, northern Honshu, and

the northern Korean Peninsulathe northern Korean Peninsula Humid subtropical—southern Japan and the rest of Humid subtropical—southern Japan and the rest of

the Korean Peninsulathe Korean Peninsula




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Objectives: Objectives: What was Japan’s early history and culture like?What was Japan’s early history and culture like? How did the modernization of Japan take place?How did the modernization of Japan take place?

Section 2Section 2The History The History and Culture of Japanand Culture of Japan



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Japan’s early history and culture:Japan’s early history and culture: 300 B.C.—Rice farming is introduced; irrigation 300 B.C.—Rice farming is introduced; irrigation

becomes important for political power.becomes important for political power. ShintoismShintoism is the first religion to develop. Buddhism is the first religion to develop. Buddhism

and Confucianism follow from China.and Confucianism follow from China. A.D. 700—Feudal political system develops; A.D. 700—Feudal political system develops; samuraisamurai

warriors serve the lords; warriors serve the lords; shogunsshoguns are named by the are named by the emperor.emperor.




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(continued)

Japan’s early history and culture:Japan’s early history and culture: 1200s—Mongols invade and the feudal domains unite 1200s—Mongols invade and the feudal domains unite

against them.against them. 1500s—Portuguese traders arrive followed by 1500s—Portuguese traders arrive followed by

Spanish missionaries.Spanish missionaries. Europeans are banished and Japan remains isolated Europeans are banished and Japan remains isolated

until the mid-1850s.until the mid-1850s.




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The modernization of Japan:The modernization of Japan: 1853—Matthew Perry’s warships sail into Tokyo Bay.1853—Matthew Perry’s warships sail into Tokyo Bay. 1860s—Japan begins industrializing and modernizing.1860s—Japan begins industrializing and modernizing. Japan expands; annexes Korea in 1910; takes over northeast Japan expands; annexes Korea in 1910; takes over northeast

China and Asian territories through the 1930s.China and Asian territories through the 1930s. Japan loses its power with its defeat in World War II.Japan loses its power with its defeat in World War II. The United States occupies Japan until 1952, helping it rebuild The United States occupies Japan until 1952, helping it rebuild

and become a major industrial power. A democratic and become a major industrial power. A democratic constitutional monarchy is established.constitutional monarchy is established.




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Objectives: Objectives: Where do most Japanese live?Where do most Japanese live? What are the major Japanese cities like?What are the major Japanese cities like? What is life in Japan like?What is life in Japan like? How has the Japanese economy developed?How has the Japanese economy developed?

Section 3Section 3Japan TodayJapan Today



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Japan has very little arable land on Japan has very little arable land on which people can live.which people can live. Most people live on the small coastal plains.Most people live on the small coastal plains. Japan has reclaimed land from the sea and the rivers Japan has reclaimed land from the sea and the rivers

with dikes.with dikes. The airport near Osaka is built on an artificial island.The airport near Osaka is built on an artificial island.




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Major Japanese cities are busy, noisy, Major Japanese cities are busy, noisy, and very densely populated.and very densely populated. The Tokyo The Tokyo megalopolismegalopolis has almost 30 million has almost 30 million

people.people. Tokyo is the capital and center of government.Tokyo is the capital and center of government. Land is scarce and real estate prices are among the Land is scarce and real estate prices are among the

highest in the world.highest in the world. Ginza is the largest shopping district in the world.Ginza is the largest shopping district in the world.




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Major Japanese cities are busy, noisy, Major Japanese cities are busy, noisy, and very densely populated. and very densely populated. (continued) Yokohama is Japan’s major seaport.Yokohama is Japan’s major seaport. Osaka, Kyoto, and Kobe form another major Osaka, Kyoto, and Kobe form another major

megalopolis.megalopolis.




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Life in JapanLife in Japan Japan is ethnically homogenous.Japan is ethnically homogenous. The culture is traditionally male dominated.The culture is traditionally male dominated. Most people live in the suburbs and have long Most people live in the suburbs and have long

commutes to work.commutes to work. Land is very scarce and homes are small.Land is very scarce and homes are small. Traditional arts include tea ceremonies, flower Traditional arts include tea ceremonies, flower

arranging, bonsai trees, and kite flying.arranging, bonsai trees, and kite flying.




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The Japanese economy:The Japanese economy: Japan has the world’s largest fishing industry.Japan has the world’s largest fishing industry. Most raw materials must be imported.Most raw materials must be imported. Agriculture is centered on Honshu and farms practice Agriculture is centered on Honshu and farms practice

intensive cultivationintensive cultivation.. Foreign investments have influenced Japan’s industry Foreign investments have influenced Japan’s industry

and economy.and economy. ProtectionismProtectionism has created Japan’s huge has created Japan’s huge trade surplustrade surplus..




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Objectives: Objectives: What was Korea’s ancient history like?What was Korea’s ancient history like? What were the major events of Korea’s early modern What were the major events of Korea’s early modern

period?period? Why was Korea divided after World War II, and what Why was Korea divided after World War II, and what

were the effects of the division?were the effects of the division?

Section 4Section 4The History andThe History andCulture of the KoreasCulture of the Koreas



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Korea’s ancient history:Korea’s ancient history: 1500 B.C.—Nomadic hunters adopt rice farming 1500 B.C.—Nomadic hunters adopt rice farming

from China.from China. 108 B.C.—The Chinese invade and begin to 108 B.C.—The Chinese invade and begin to

influence culture.influence culture. Korean shamanism is practiced with Chinese Korean shamanism is practiced with Chinese

Buddhism and Confucianism.Buddhism and Confucianism. Korean tribes gradually recapture the peninsula.Korean tribes gradually recapture the peninsula.




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Korea’s ancient history: Korea’s ancient history: (continued) A.D. 600—Kingdom of Silla unites the peninsula and A.D. 600—Kingdom of Silla unites the peninsula and

Korea’s Golden Age begins.Korea’s Golden Age begins. Early 900s—The Koryo dynasty rules; artisans invent Early 900s—The Koryo dynasty rules; artisans invent

the first movable metal type.the first movable metal type. 1446—Hangul alphabet officially adopted.1446—Hangul alphabet officially adopted.




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Important events of Important events of Korea’s early modern period:Korea’s early modern period: 1600s—Under Chinese rule, isolated Korea becomes 1600s—Under Chinese rule, isolated Korea becomes

known as the Hermit Kingdom.known as the Hermit Kingdom. Chinese missionaries introduce Christianity; Christians Chinese missionaries introduce Christianity; Christians

were sometimes persecuted.were sometimes persecuted. Mid-1890s—Japan defeats China in the Sino-Japanese Mid-1890s—Japan defeats China in the Sino-Japanese

War. War. 1910—Japan annexes Korea and becomes a harsh ruler 1910—Japan annexes Korea and becomes a harsh ruler

until after World War II.until after World War II.




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Korea was divided after World War II.Korea was divided after World War II. U.S. and Soviet troops oversaw the division but could not U.S. and Soviet troops oversaw the division but could not

agree on a plan to unite North and South Korea.agree on a plan to unite North and South Korea. 1948—The Republic of Korea and the Democratic People’s 1948—The Republic of Korea and the Democratic People’s

Republic of Korea were officially created.Republic of Korea were officially created. 1950—North Korea invades South Korea and the Korean 1950—North Korea invades South Korea and the Korean

War is fought until 1953.War is fought until 1953. The The demilitarized zonedemilitarized zone is the most heavily guarded border is the most heavily guarded border

in the world.in the world.




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Objectives: Objectives: What are South Korea’s government and society like?What are South Korea’s government and society like? What is South Korea’s economy like?What is South Korea’s economy like? What is North Korea like?What is North Korea like? How has North Korea’s government affected the How has North Korea’s government affected the

country’s development?country’s development?

Section 5Section 5South and South and North Korea TodayNorth Korea Today



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South Korea’s government and society:South Korea’s government and society: Seoul is the capital and the center of government, Seoul is the capital and the center of government,

economy, and education.economy, and education. Industrial waste, air pollution, and overcrowding are Industrial waste, air pollution, and overcrowding are

problems.problems. Ruled by dictators until the 1980s, South Korea now Ruled by dictators until the 1980s, South Korea now

has a multiparty democratic government.has a multiparty democratic government.




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(continued)

South Korea’s government and society:South Korea’s government and society: The population is homogenous, and Christianity is The population is homogenous, and Christianity is

the dominant religion.the dominant religion. Sons are valued so they can carry on the family name Sons are valued so they can carry on the family name

and honor ancestors.and honor ancestors. Confucian values are followed, and shamans still Confucian values are followed, and shamans still

offer advice.offer advice.




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South Korea’s economy:South Korea’s economy: One of the strongest in Asia by the 1990sOne of the strongest in Asia by the 1990s Families form entrepreneurial businesses and Families form entrepreneurial businesses and chaebolchaebol.. Nuclear power and technology are encouraged by the Nuclear power and technology are encouraged by the

government.government. Industries include shipbuilding, steel, automobiles, and Industries include shipbuilding, steel, automobiles, and

textiles.textiles. Agriculture is limited and farms are small.Agriculture is limited and farms are small.




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North KoreaNorth Korea The government is controlled by the Communist Party.The government is controlled by the Communist Party. The population is homogenous but not as densely populated as The population is homogenous but not as densely populated as

South Korea’s.South Korea’s. The capital of P’yongyang has a population of about 2.6 million The capital of P’yongyang has a population of about 2.6 million

and has the country’s only university.and has the country’s only university. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, North Korea has been Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, North Korea has been

largely isolated from the world. largely isolated from the world. North Korea has been developing nuclear weapons since the North Korea has been developing nuclear weapons since the

1990s.1990s.




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North Korea’s government and development:North Korea’s government and development: North Korea has a command economy.North Korea has a command economy. The government owns all land and housing and controls job The government owns all land and housing and controls job

access.access. The country cannot produce enough food and lost its main The country cannot produce enough food and lost its main

source of aid with the collapse of the Soviet Union. source of aid with the collapse of the Soviet Union. FamineFamine in the 1990s killed thousands.in the 1990s killed thousands.

Outdated technology and poor relations with the west Outdated technology and poor relations with the west contribute to lagging industry and economy.contribute to lagging industry and economy.


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Japan and the Koreas