Japan Land Use Presentation

7/23/2019 Japan Land Use Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/japan-land-use-presentation 1/15

AUICK First 2006 Workshop

1

City Planning System andthe Environment in Japan

United Nations Centre for Regional Development

and Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

UNCRD / MLIT 2006

Shoichi ANDO Dr.

General Information about Japan 1

・ Total land area; 377,873k㎡ (as of end of Mar. 2001)

・Total population; 126,285,000

・ Population density; 334 person/k㎡

Tokyo

Nagoya

Osaka

Kawasaki

Yokohama

Sendai

Chiba

Sapporo

Hiroshima

Fukuoka

Kita-kyusyu

Kobe

Kyoto

47 Prefectures

3,226 Municipalities

Major Cities

6 4 2 0 2 4 6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

6 4 2 0 2 4 6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


Change of Population in Japan

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040

P o p u l a t i o n

Population Distribution

1950

2000

(Projection)(Actual count)

83 million

126 million

(Thou. person)

(million)

(million)

Males65 and over

15-64

0-14

Females

Males Females65 and over

15-64

0-14

(age)

(age)


Net Increase/Decrease of Population Moving in/out of

Three Metropolitan Region

Tokyo

NagoyaOsaka

M5 over Earthquakes last 70 years

Depth

General Information about Japan 4 Administrative Organization in Japan

Central

Government

47 Prefectures 3,226 Municipalities

・672 Cities (12 Designated Cities)

・1,987 Towns

・567 Villages (as of Mar. 2003)

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

Local Governments

…Approving City Planning depending on local circumstance.

・Extensive, fundamental City Planning is approved by prefecture

・Other City Planning is approved by municipalities

…Setting standards and system concerning City Planning.

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Ministry of Environment




2

City Planning Law and related Legislation

City Planning Law

Laws for Higher Authorities

・Comprehensive NationalLand Development Law

・National Land UtilizationPlanning Law

・National Capital RegionDevelopment Law

・etc.

Related Laws

・Law for Improvement of Agricultural Promotion Area

・Forestry Law・Law for Prevention of

Natural Environment

・Natural Park Law

・etc.

Land Use ZoningRelated

・Building Standard Law・Ports and Harbors Law・ Act Concerning Agricultural

Land・etc.

Development ProjectRelated

・Land Readjustment Law・New Residential Build-up

Area Development Law・Urban Renewal Law・etc.

Facilities Related

・Road Law・Tramway Law・River Law・City Parks Law・Sewerage Law・Parking Place Law・etc.

National Land Use Planning System

Basic Land Use Master Plan

National Plan

Prefectural Plan

Municipal Plan

Law for Prevention of Natural Environment

Natural Park Law

Forestry Law

Law for Improvement of Agricultural Promotion Area

City Planning Law City Planning Area

National Land Utilization Planning Law

Purpose of City Planning Law

・ The substance of city planning

・ The procedure for deciding it

・ Restrictions concerning city planning

・City Planning projects

To realize the sound development andsystematic improvement of cities

City Planning Law

(amended in 1968)Principles of City Planning

・ Healthy and cultured urban life

・ Functional urban activities

・ The sound harmony with agriculture,

forestry and fishery

・ Rational utilization of land under dueregulations

City Planning Law

Structure of City Planning System

Designation of City Planning Area Designation of Quasi-city Planning Area

City Planning Approval

Master Plan for City planning Area(Improvement, Development and Conservation policies fora City Planning Area prepared by prefectural government)

Municipal Master Plan(Basic policy of City Planning by amunicipality)

Land Use Regulations Area Division (Urbanization Promotion Area, Urbanization Control Area)

Zones and Districts (Land Use zone, Fire Protection zone, Other additional zonings…)

Urban Facilities (Transportation Facilities,Urban Parks, Sewerage, Others…)

Urban Development Projects (Land Readjustment Projects, Urban Redevelopment Projects, etc)

District Plan (Redevelopment Promotion District etc.)

Application of City PlanningLand Development Permission (Area division)

Building Confirmation (Zoning and District plan)

City Planning Law

Draft Plan

Proposal for City Planning by land owners, community planning NPOs, etc.(Proposal requirements)

・Integral area of specified size (generally over 5,000㎡) or larger

・Conformity with the legal criteria regarding City Planning Law

・ Agreements of 2/3 or more of land owners

Public ReviewSubmission of concerned

residents’ opinion

City Planning Council ofmunicipal government

Validation of prefecturalgovernment

City Planning approval

Summaries

Judgment by the municipal govt. on acceptance or rejection of City Planning based on the proposals

City Planning based on the proposals is judged to be necessary City Planning based on theproposals is judged to be

unnecessaryPublic Hearing and

Explanation MeetingSubmission of the proposals

to the City Planning Council

Notification of the reason itdoes not approve City Plan

to the proponents

Procedure of City Planning Approval(If the approving body is municipalities)

City Planning Law




3

Authorizing Body of City PlanningCity Planning Law

All4.District Plan

・Local roads other than the left

・Parks and greenery other than the

left

・ Public sewerage with drainage

area covering one municipalities

・National Roads, PrefecturalRoads,

Expressways

･Large-width municipal roads as part of

wide-area networks

･National Parks

･Large-scale parks with extensive

coverage

･Public sewerage with drainage area

covering multiple municipalities

3.Urban Facilities

a.Roads

b.Parksand

greenery

c.Sewerage

・Land Use Zone other than the left

・Other additional zonings such as

Fire Protection District, Height

Control District, Specified Block etc.

・Land Use Zone within important

district included National plans, such as

metropolitan regions

2.Zones and

Districts

All1.Area Division

Approval of the municipality Approval of the prefecture

All4.District Plan

・Local roads other than the left

・Parks and greenery other than the

left

・ Public sewerage with drainage

area covering one municipalities

・National Roads, PrefecturalRoads,

Expressways

･Large-width municipal roads as part of

wide-area networks

･National Parks

･Large-scale parks with extensive

coverage

･Public sewerage with drainage area

covering multiple municipalities

3.Urban Facilities

a.Roads

b.Parksand

greenery

c.Sewerage

・Land Use Zone other than the left

・Other additional zonings such as

Fire Protection District, Height

Control District, Specified Block etc.

・Land Use Zone within important

district included National plans, such as

metropolitan regions

2.Zones and

Districts

All1.Area Division

Approval of the municipality Approval of the prefecture

Concept of Land Use Planning

City Planning Area

Area Div isi on

Urbanization Control Area (UCA)

Urbanization Promotion Area (UPA)

Quasi-City Planning Area

Development is Promoted in UPA

Development is controlled by the Land

Development Permission System in UCA

City Planning Area Area that needs improvement, development and conservation

as a integral part of a city.

・ Population is more than 100,000 people.・ Be applicable to the above within about 10 years.・ Population of the central city area is more than 3,000 people.・ There are tourist resources such as a hot spring.

・ Many buildings were lost due to the disaster, etc.

Master Plan

Improvement, Development and Conservation policy of a CityPlanning Area that is prepared by the prefectural government.

(Contents)

・Object of City Planning (Basic concept of town-making and town image of the area)

・ Area Division and policy on Area Division・Policies on major decisions on City Planning (Land use, improvement of Urban

facilities, Urban redevelopment projects, improvement/preservation of the naturalenvironment)

Area Division

The Area Division, delineation of Urbanization Promotion

Area (UPA) and Urbanization Control Area (UCA), is in

order to prevent urban sprawl and to realize building up

according to a plan.

Urbanization Promotion Area (UPA)・is already urbanized

・should be developed within 10 years.

Urbanization Control Area (UCA)・whose urbanization should be controlled.

・general development activities are

restricted in principle.

Land Use Classificationin City Planning and Agriculture

City Planning Area

Urbanization

Promotion Area

(UPA)

Agricultural Use Promotion Area

Agricultural Land Area with High Quality or Agriculture Infrastructure Implemented Area

Urbanization

Control Area

(UCA)

Current Land and Population

by Area Division and City Planning Area

Area

Urbanization Promotion Area (UPA)14,381km2 (3.8%)

Urbanization Control Area (UCA)37,750km2 (10.0%)

Non-Divided City

Planning Area46,564km2 (12.3%)

Outside City Planning Area279,178km2 (73.9%)

Population

Urbanization Promotion Area

(UPA) 84.2million (66.7%)

Urbanization Control Area

(UCA) 12.4million (9.8%)

Non-Divided CityPlanning Area

20.3million(16.0%)

Outside City Planning Area9.5million (7.5%)




4

Concept of Land Use Planning System

District Plan

Other Additional Zonings

(include Fire PreventionDistrict and FAR bonussystem etc.)

Land Use Zones

(Only in UPA)

Urbanization Promotion Area

City Planning Area

Urbanization Control Area

UPA

UCA

Land Use Zone (Only in the UPA)

Land Use ZoneLand Use and Building Regulations attached to each Zone

Land Use Zone controls Volume, height of buildings as

well as use of them under provisions of the Building

Standard Law.

30,40,50,60100,150,200,300,400Exclusively Industrial Zone12

50,60100,150,200,300,400Industrial Zone11

50,60,80100,150,200,300,400,500Quasi-industrial Zone10

80200,300,400･････1300Commercial Zone9

60,80100,150,200,300,400,500Neighborhood commercial Zone8

50,60,80100,150,200,300,400,500Quasi-residential Zone7

50,60,80100,150,200,300,400,500Category I residential Zone650,60,80100,150,200,300,400,500Category I residential Zone5

30,40,50,60100,150,200,300,400,500Category II medium-high oriented residential Zone4

30,40,50,60100,150,200,300,400,500Category I m edium-high oriented residential Zone3

30,40,50,6050,60,80,100,150,200Category II exclusively low-story residential Zone2

30,40,50,6050,60,80,100,150,200Category I exclusively low-story residential Zone1

Max. building coverage

ratios (%)

Max. floor area ratios (%)Category of Land Use Zone

30,40,50,60100,150,200,300,400Exclusively Industrial Zone12

50,60100,150,200,300,400Industrial Zone11

50,60,80100,150,200,300,400,500Quasi-industrial Zone10

80200,300,400･････1300Commercial Zone9

60,80100,150,200,300,400,500Neighborhood commercial Zone8

50,60,80100,150,200,300,400,500Quasi-residential Zone7

50,60,80100,150,200,300,400,500Category I residential Zone650,60,80100,150,200,300,400,500Category I residential Zone5

30,40,50,60100,150,200,300,400,500Category II medium-high oriented residential Zone4

30,40,50,60100,150,200,300,400,500Category I m edium-high oriented residential Zone3

30,40,50,6050,60,80,100,150,200Category II exclusively low-story residential Zone2

30,40,50,6050,60,80,100,150,200Category I exclusively low-story residential Zone1

Max. building coverage

ratios (%)

Max. floor area ratios (%)Category of Land Use Zone

Control of Building Use by Land Use Districts

Factorywith STRONGpossibilit yof

Danger or Environmental Degradati on

Factorywith SOMEpossibility of Dangeror Environmental Degradation

Auto Repair Shop

Theater

WarehouseIndependent Garage

Karaoke Box

Hotel

Office, Store, etc

Store (500㎡ Max.)

Store (150㎡ Max.)

Hospital, University

Shrine,Church,Clinic

Schools

House

Ex.

Ind. D.Ind. D.

Quasi

Ind. D.

Com.

D.

Neigh.

Com.

D.

Quasi

Res. D.

2

Res. D.

1

Res. D.

2 Med.

Res. D.

1 Med.

Res. D

2 Low.

Res.D.

1 Low.

Res.D.Examples

Factorywith STRONGpossibilit yof

Danger or Environmental Degradati on

Factorywith SOMEpossibility of Dangeror Environmental Degradation

Auto Repair Shop

Theater

WarehouseIndependent Garage

Karaoke Box

Hotel

Office, Store, etc

Store (500㎡ Max.)

Store (150㎡ Max.)

Hospital, University

Shrine,Church,Clinic

Schools

House

Ex.

Ind. D.Ind. D.

Quasi

Ind. D.

Com.

D.

Neigh.

Com.

D.

Quasi

Res. D.

2

Res. D.

1

Res. D.

2 Med.

Res. D.

1 Med.

Res. D

2 Low.

Res.D.

1 Low.

Res.D.Examples

Can be built under some conditionsUsually cannot be builtCan be built Can be built under some conditionsUsually cannot be builtCan be built

Restriction on Construction according tothe Fire Zoning (Based on the Building Standard Law)

Fire resistive BuildingStories; 4 or more

Required ConstructionScale of BuildingZoning

Fire resistive Building or

Quasi-fire resistive Building

or Specific Wood Building

Stories; 3



Floor area:more than 500m2

(no more than 1,500m2)

Fire resistive BuildingFloor area: more than 1,500 m2

Quasi-fire

Protection

District



Other than the Above

Fire resistive BuildingFloor area: more than 100 m2

Fire Protection

District



Required ConstructionScale of BuildingZoning



or Specific Wood Building

Stories; 3



Floor area:more than 500m2

(no more than 1,500m2)

Fire resistive BuildingFloor area: more than 1,500 m2

Quasi-fire

Protection

District



Other than the Above

Fire resistive BuildingFloor area: more than 100 m2

Fire Protection

District


Kobe damaged by the Great

Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake (1995)

Dead 6,434 Missing 3 persons

Collapsed 104,906 units

Lessons of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake

Danger of densely built-up areas

The areas with high concentration of small houses whose average lot areas is under

100 ㎡ have high risk of big fires according to the Building Research Institute (BRI).

It is clear that urban areas where rate of fire-

proof building is low and density of building is

high, become vulnerable against disasters.




5

District PlanConstruction of low buildings is not permitted here.

Height of buildings is to be regulated.

Oak trees are to be protected.

The location and width of roads

are decided through discussions.

This is a residential district, so a

factory should not be located here.

Construction of highbuildings is not permitted.

A hedge shouldbe created here.

This is designated as ashopping mall, so a shop is

to be created at street level.

Construction of new buildings

on a site proposed for aroad/park is to be avoided.

To widen footway, thebuilding needs to be

set back from the road.

The site should not be devidedintopieces for small-scale developments.

The layout of the buildings should notbe over the proposed road.

Regulations under the District Plan

1) Location of public facilities [local roads,

small park, open spaces, footpaths, etc.]

2) Building control and regulations [land-use,

FAR, BCR, scale of building lot, set back of

building from the boundaries, design, hedge,

etc.]

3) Preservation of green areas

Urban Facilities

・Transport Failitiesroads, urban rail transit system, car parks, automobile terminals, etc.

・Public Spacesparks, open spaces, plazas, etc.

・Utilitieswater, sewerage, electricity, gas, etc.

・Waterwaysrivers, canals, etc.

・Education facilities, etc.

Types of Urban Facilities in City Planning

Building activities can be restricted in approved areas.

Implementing body is empowered to purchase of land compulsory.

City Planning Approval

Characteristics of Urban Facilities(Example of Roads)

Special Roads

Roads for the exclusive use of pedestrians, and othernon-vehicular transportation.

Feeder Roads

Roads located at frequent intervals for theconvenience of the residents

Art erial Roads

Roads for the critical need as traffic channels and as

supply and disposal routes.

Expressways

Roads exclusively for the use of vehicles on which

high speed limits

Special Roads

Roads for the exclusive use of pedestrians, and othernon-vehicular transportation.

Feeder Roads

Roads located at frequent intervals for theconvenience of the residents

Art erial Roads

Roads for the critical need as traffic channels and as

supply and disposal routes.

Expressways

Roads exclusively for the use of vehicles on which

high speed limits

Urban Development Projects

Solution of the Fractional Landownership

Supply of Housing Lots

Efficient Development of Roads Approved in City Planning

Land Readjustment Project

・Measure : Replotting (Exchanging Rights from One Land to Another)

・Objective : Development of Public FacilitiesIncrease of Use in Building Lots

Urban Redevelopment Project

・Measure : Right Conversion

(Exchanging Rights from a Land to a Building Floor )

・Objective : Rational and Sound High Utilization of Land

Development of Public Facilities


－Land Readjustment Project－Before

After

Project Finance

(Reserve Land)

Public Facilities(Roads, Parks, etc.)

ContributionReplot




6

Urban Development Projects－Land Readjustment Project－

Examples : New Town Type

Before

After


Examples : Urban Renewal Type

Before

After


Examples : Urban Center Redevelopment Type

Before

After

Urban Development Projects－Urban Redevelopment Project－

A, B : Land Owners

D : Land leaseholder

C : Tenant

X : Purchasers of the availablefloor space or union members.

Before

After

Right Conversion


－Urban Redevelopment Project－Example

Landscape Law (Established in 2004, MLIT, MAFF, MOE)

Basic ideas

BusinessesBusinesses

ResidentsResidents

Local public bodiesLocal public bodies

The national GovernmentThe national Government

They play an active role in the formation of favorable landscape.

They cooperate in national Government and local public body

measures.

They establish and implement measures

according to various natural and socialconditions of the area, regarding formation

of favorable landscape.

They work to form favorable landscape, related to

business activities.

They cooperate in national Government and local

public body measures.

It establishes and im plements comprehensive measures regarding theformation of favorable landscape.

It deepens national citizens’ understanding through diffusion and

enlightenment activities, etc.

Responsibilities

Favorable landscape is a common asset for present and future national citizens.

Landscape formation requires harmony with nature, history, culture, etc.,in the region,

people’s lifestyles, economic activities, etc.

Landscape formation should be promoted through collaboration among residents,

businesses, and administration.

Landscape should be formed in diversified ways to promote each region’s individuality.

Landscape should be formed with consideration to activation of tourism and the region.




7

Landscape Law

(Systems) ○ Mild regulation and induction based on notification and admonition regarding construction of buildings,etc.

○ As to designs and colors of buildings and structures, it is possible to order change by establishing anordinance.

○ Establishment of “public facilities important for landscape,”and special cases under the “MultipurposeUnderground Conduit Law”

○ Regulation, such as on changing the character of agricultural land, strengthening of measures for landpeople stopped cultivating, promotion of forestry business

Landscape Planning AreasLandscape Planning Areas

Landscape DistrictsLandscape Districts

○ Designation of districts for aggressive formation offavorable landscape using city planning methods

○ The first comprehensive regulation on designs,colors, height, lot area, etc., of buildings andstructures

○ Such actions as piling of wastes and changing theland character can also be regulated by establishingan ordinance.

Buildings and treesBuildings and trees

important for landscapeimportant for landscape

LandscapeLandscape

agreementagreementMaking detailed rules onlandscape based onagreement by residents

Landscape formationLandscape formation

organizationsorganizations

The chief of a landscape administrative

organization designatesan NPO

corporation or public-interestc orporation.

Landscape formation organizations

conduct management of buildings and

trees important forlandsc ape, acquisition

of rights to use land that peoplehave

stopped cultivating, and others.

S o f t - a s p e c t s u p p o r t

Landscape councilsLandscape councils

Administration, residents, publicfacility administrators, etc., conductconferences, and make rulesregarding landscape.

(Areas other than city planning areas can also be designated.)

Use of deregulation measures

(City planning)

Collaboration with the Outdoor

Advertising Materials Law

[Image of a cityscape]

[Open caféproject example]

[Image]

[Image of efforts at a shoppingstreet]

[Image of a

completed pocketpark, etc.]

Designation and aggressive protection ofbuildings, structures, and trees important

for landscape

It Is Possible to Choose Regulation and InductionMethods According to Characteristics of Regions

Areas ar e set u p inlandscape planning. Areas ar e set u p inlandscape planning.

Procedures according to city planning in ci ty planning

and semi-city-planning areas, and corresponding

procedures in other areas (semi-landscape districts)

Procedures according to city planning in ci ty planning

and semi-city-planning areas, and corresponding

procedures in other areas (semi-landscape districts)

Aimi ng to cond uct m ild r egulat ionand induction based on notificationand admonition.

Landscape DistrictsIntroduction of a landscape authorizationsystem regarding items requiring discretion,such as forms, colors, and designs ofbuildings, etc.

Securing of numerical items (height ofbuildings, position of wall surface, lowestlimit of lot area) by building constructionauthorization.

It is possible to stipulate regulation on othernecessary items, such as changing landcharacter, by an ordinance, and implement it.

It is possible to order change regardingcertain items stipulated in an ordinance,when necessary.

It is also possibl e to decide separatestandards and actions applicable tonotification, within the region.

Specific standards and actions applicableto notifications are decided by alandscape administrative organization.

Landscape Planning Ar eas

Aimi ng to indu ce for matio n of f avorab le

Landscape rather aggressively.

Public Facilities Important for Landscape

Public facilities important for landscapePublic facilities important for landscape(Paragraph 5 of Sub(Paragraph 5 of Sub--Section 2 of Section 8)Section 2 of Section 8)

Landscape administrativeLandscape administrativeorganizationsorganizations Public facility administratorsPublic facility administrators

(Roads, rivers, city parks, beaches, ports and harbors, etc.) • It is possible to request designation of public

facilities that are important for landscape

(attachment of a draft report) (Section 10)

Planning on respective public facilitiesPlanning on respective public facilities

• Formation and improvement according to

landscape planning (Section 47)

• Special cases of permission (Sections 49

to 54)Permission for exclusive use according to the standardsprovided in landscape planning

Special cases in the MultipurposeSpecial cases in the Multipurpose

Underground Conduit Law concerning RoadsUnderground Conduit Law concerning Roads

Important for Landscape (Section 48)Important for Landscape (Section 48)

When necessary for landscape, it ispossible to designate a road that requires

construction of m ultipurpose underground

conduits.

[Images]

Road

Beach Port

River

Landscape planning based on the Landscape LawLandscape planning based on the Landscape Law

Agreement

Conference

Request

Respect• Items regarding formation

and improvement

• Standards on permission(more stringent prefecturalstandards for permission forexclusive use)

Image of a Region Applicable to Landscape LawBuildings important for landscape

Outside the city planning area

Inside thecity planning

area

Landscapeplanning area

Landscapedistrict

Urbanizationcontrol area(UCA)

Urbanizationpromotionarea (UPA)

Landscapedistrict

Buildings important for landscapeBuildings importantfor landscape

Public facilitiesimportant for

landscape

Treesimportant for

landscape Area planning to

develop a landscapeagriculture

promotion region

Natural park Semi-landscapedistrict

Images of effects by the Landscape Law (City area)

A shopping street can beactivated through pr omoting a senseof

uniformity,r egarding colors of shop windows and awnings,installation of wagons,etc., by establishing a landscape

agreement through initiativeby ther egion.

It becomes possibleto present advertisingmaterials in harmony with the cityscape,

through stipulating installation standards foroutdoor advertising materials in alandscapeplan,and restricting designs and colors.

It is possibleto inducethec reation of buildings that

are in harmony with the surroundings, by restricting

designs, colors, etc.,in alandscape planning areaand a landscape district.

In a landscapedistrict, application of slant linerestriction can beexcluded by stipulating height ofbuildings, wall surface position,etc., enabling formation

of a unified skyline.

Pavement, guardrails,boulevard trees, etc., can bearranged according to landscapeplanning, by

positioning roads as public facilities important forlandscape.

It becomes possible to positivelyprotect buildings that will belandmarksof the region,by positioning buildingsthat are important for forming favorablelandscape, as such buildings.

Street liveliness can be created by using a landscape

council, when installing open cafés,etc., in publicspace.

Huge and garishadvertising materialsthat do not match thecityscape

Buildings whosedesigns and colorsare not unified

Un-unified skyline dueto slant line restriction

Road space without a pleasantfeeling or sense of uniformity

Extra space desired tobe effectively used

Buildings importantfor landscape arenot effectively used.

Shopping streetexpression thatis not attractiveto pedestrians

By using theLandscape Law

2. Administrative and financial support

• A legal system to integratedlypromote protection of green space

and formation of city parks

Integration of t he Urban Green Space

Protection Law and th e City Park Law

A sys tem r elated t o pr otect ion o f gr een

space and greening

A sys tem r elated t o ci ty par ks

Background of Revision of the Urban

Green Space Protection Law (in 2004)By the 2nd report of the Parks and Green Space Subcommittee (March 24, 2003)

1. Legal systems

• Measures to protect green space in the suburbs of a city by a

notification and admonition system, etc.

• Measures to set up city park areas three-dimensionally

• Measures to promote leased-land parks

• Measures to facilitate regional residents’ participation in park

management, etc.






1

1

UNCRD Programs onUNCRD Programs on

Disaster ManagementDisaster Management

Shoichi Ando Dr.

Coordinator Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office

UNCRD(United Nations Centre for Regional Development)

June 23, 2006

AUICK KOBE

2

World Major Disasters since 1970World Major Disasters since 1970

Pakistan Eq 2 5 78

67

3

Vulnerable Houses (Adobe)Vulnerable Houses (Adobe)

2001 India

4

Vulnerable Houses (Stone)Vulnerable Houses (Stone)

2001 India

5

Vulnerable Houses (RC)Vulnerable Houses (RC)

1999 Turkey

6

Organizational Structure of UNCRD

UNCRD

Advisory Committee

Project Office for Latin

America and the Caribbean

Sr. Operations Advisor

Administrative ServiceDisaster Management

Planning Hyogo Office

E nv i r onm en t

H um an S e c ur i t y

P u b l i c a t i on & L i b r ar y

T r ai ni n g

E x t er n al A f f ai r s

C om p u t er O p er a t i on s

Nagoya Office

Operations Research

Africa Office

Director




2

7

Objectives and ActivitiesObjectives and Activities of UNCRDof UNCRD

Major Goal

Sustainable Regional Development

Three Sub-goals

Economic Development

Environmental Conservation

Human Settlement Development

Act iv it ies

Training: Hold annually training course for

developing countries

Provide advisory services in regional development

Promote the exchange of data on the research of

practical experience8

United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD)

Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office

History of Disaster Management Programs

1971 Foundation of UNCRD

1985 First Disaster Program

1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake

1999 Opening of Hyogo Office

- CBDM projects (HTF)

- GESI, SESI (Schools)

- Field survey, Recovery

2005 UN World Conference on

Disaster Reduction, KobeDisaster Management

Planning Hyogo Office

Memorial magnolia, March 2006

9

Disaster Management PlanningDisaster Management Planning(1985(1985--1999: before Hyogo Office, in Nagoya)1999: before Hyogo Office, in Nagoya)

Disaster Management Planning Sub-programs

The Mega-City Risk Assessment Project in China

Comparison on effective early seismic warning systemsin Mega-cities (Mexico City & Kawasaki City)

Cyclone Disaster Management in Bangladesh

Support th e activities of IDNDR

“ Quake Busters” educational software for children The Development of GIS for disaster management

Learn from the best pr actices and recent examples

Research, Training and Advisory Services 10

In 1999, Establishment of the DisasterIn 1999, Establishment of the Disaster

Management Planning Hyogo OfficeManagement Planning Hyogo Office

Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office Kobe Earthquake,1995 IDNDR (United Nations International Decade for Natural

Disaster Reduction 1990-1999)

11

Goals of Disaster Management PlanningGoals of Disaster Management Planning

Hyogo OfficeHyogo Office

Act Locally,

Disseminate

Globally

Government

Non-government(NGOs)

Academics(Research Insti tutes,

Universities)

Develop programs on

the needs of the

stakeholdersPeople

12

Target of UNCRD Hyogo OfficeTarget of UNCRD Hyogo Office

Motivation and

actions at individual

and community level

are essential.

UNCRD Hyogo Office aims to enhance the

capacity of local people and governments

with various partners, to make

communities safer.




3

13

Disaster Reduction and DevelopmentDisaster Reduction and DevelopmentUNCRDUNCRD’’ss Role and PracticesRole and Practices

To know the Hazard : Active Faul t Mapping

To know Risk Management Options :Global Earthquake Safety Initiative (GESI)

To apply the Risk Management Solutions:Community-Based Disaster Management (CBDM)

1999-2001 Regions, 2002-04 Sustainability,2005-2007 Urbanization and CBDM

School Earthquake Safety Initiative (SESI)2005-2006 Safer Schools for Chil dren pro ject

14

UNCRD Projects (1999 - 2006) and Concepts

15

Why Community Based DisasterWhy Community Based Disaster

Management (CBDM) ?Management (CBDM) ?

Local people are potential victims and

assume responsibility in managing the risk

(Over 90% of victims at the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji

Earthquake lost lives by the collapse of their own houses.)

Local people respond first and remain last

to rebuild safer communities

(Around 80% of people who were saved under the debris

were rescued by the neighbors at the 1995 Earthquake.)16

Community Based Approach for

Disaster Management Plans

17

UNCRD Activities forUNCRD Activities for CBDMCBDM

Dissemination of best practices

Initiation of model projects

Development of practical guidelines /

tools for risk assessment and CBDM

Training and advisory services

Building partnership internationally and

locally

18

Global Earthquake Safety Init iativeGlobal Earthquake Safety Initiative((GESIGESI) with 41 cities worldwide) with 41 cities worldwide

Objective of the Project- To know where the risk is the most

- To understand the causes of the risk

- To provide affordable city specific solution

- To enhance an effective decision making system

End-usersCity and regional disaster managers and decisionmakers

Partnership among lo cal/national government, and NGO

Joint initiative with GHI




4

19

GESIGESI – – City risk analysisCity risk analysis

to better understand the causes and countermeasuresto better understand the causes and countermeasures

Risk comparison among the cities Sources of Earthquake Lethality Potential are

diverse in each city.

What Delhi needs to do to reduce its r isk is

different from what San Salvador needs to do.20

PNYPNY PatankaPatanka NewNew--Life ProjectLife ProjectRehabilitation after Gujarat Earthquake of JanuaryRehabilitation after Gujarat Earthquake of January

2001, focusing on non2001, focusing on non--engineered constructionengineered construction

Training

Education

Awareness

Confidence

Partnership with:

EDM, NCPDP,

NGOs Kobe,

NSET-Nepal,

and SEEDS

2001 India

21

Afghanistan Train ing and Afghanistan Train ing and

Livelihood InitiativeLivelihood Initiative

Objectives

To develop guidelines(Persian) for earthquake

safer construction practice To conduct training of

masons and engineers

To recover livelihood

With national governments, Kabul University, SFL, CODE, and NSET

2003 Afghanistan

22

Shake TableShake Table DemonstrationDemonstration

Build People’s confidence/ Simple and effective means,Enhance understanding of performance of simple struct ures,Incorporate people into process of transferring technology

Stone with mud

mortar structure

Comparison of

resistance to

Earthquake

between

Normal vs.

Retrofitted

2001 India

23

2001 India

24

Improvised Shake TableImprovised Shake Table

DemonstrationDemonstration

For reconstruction of Exhibition at WorldConference in Bam, Iran, Nov. 2004 and

World Conference on Disaster Reduction(WCDR) in Kobe, Jan. 2005




5

25

Sustainability inSustainability in CCommunityommunity --BBasedased

DDisaster isaster MManagementanagement (2002(2002--2005)2005)

Year 1 (2002):

Framework for sustainable CBDM

through 6 case studies in Bangladesh,

Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Nepal,

and the Philippines

Year 2 (2003):

Development of Guidelines forSustainable CBDM and field testing in

Bangladesh, Viet Nam, and the

Philippines

Year 3 (2004):

Application of the Guidelines in Viet

Nam and Mongolia, Partnership building

2001 India

26

UNCRD Activities at WCDRUNCRD Activities at WCDR

((WWorldorld CConferenceonference onon DDisaster isaster RReduction)eduction)

Publication of the outcome of the various CBDM

projects “User’s Guide,” “Tapestry,” and “Digest”

Panel 4 on “reducing the underlying risk factors”

Sessions on “CBDM” (21 Jan. 2005) and “Policies

for Safer Housing/Building” (19 Jan. 2005)

International Symposium on “Safer Communities”

on 21 Jan. 2005 in Kobe.

Shake Table Demonstration on 18 and 21 Jan.

Jan. 2005, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan

27

UNCRD’s Activi ties in 2005 WCDR in Kobe

28

Fields of Disaster Management

29

New Programs of UNCRDNew Programs of UNCRD 20052005

Urbanisation and Community-Based

Disaster Management (2005-2007) in

Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia,

Thailand and Sri Lanka.

“ Reducing Vulnerabilit y of School

Children to Earthquake” project

(2005- 2006) in Uzbekistan, India,

Indonesia and Fiji.30

New Programs of UNCRDNew Programs of UNCRD 20062006

Housing Earthquake Safety Initiative

(HESI) as a three-year program

(2006-2008)

“ Anti -seismic Building Code

Dissemination (ABCD)” project (2006)

in Nepal, Indonesia, Japan, and other

seismic countries.

(based on the application)

(Planned)




6

31

Urbanisation and Community-Based

Disaster Management (2005-2007)

32

Reducing Vulnerability of School

Children to Earthquake (2005-2006)

33

School Earthquake SafetySchool Earthquake Safety

Initiative (SESI)Initiative (SESI)

Retrofit

Bal Vikas Secondary School, Nepal

•Strengthen school buildings (retrofitting)

•Technology transfer and training of masons/engineers

•Disaster education and mitigation culture 34

School Earthquake Safety InitiativeSchool Earthquake Safety Initiative

-- Seeing is believingSeeing is believing

-- Doing is believingDoing is believing

-- Training of school childrenTraining of school children

-- Promotion of Mitigation CulturePromotion of Mitigation Culture

Source: ITB, Indonesia 2001

(SESI)(SESI)

35

Housing Earthquake Safety Initiative

(HESI) “ Ant i-seismic Bui ldi ng Code Disseminati on

(ABCD)” project (2006)

36

Field Surveys of Past Disasters




37

Field Survey (North Pakistan Earthquake)

38

Recent Symposiums and Publications

2003 Int’l Workshop on Earthquake Safer World, Kobe

2003 Int’l Workshop on Reconstruction, India

2003 Towards Sustainable Community Recovery, PNY

2003 Sustainability in Grass-Roots Initiatives: CBDM

2003 Guidelines for Earthquake Resistant Design

2003 From Disaster to Community Development, Kobe

2004 Int’l Symposium on Community Legacy, Kobe

2004 Int’l Conf. on Partnership in CBDM in Asia, India

2004 A User’s Guide – CBDM Practices in Asia

2004 UNCRD Tapestry / UNCRD Digest

2005 World Conf. on Disaster Reduction (WCDR), Kobe

2005 UNCRD at UN WCDR 2005, Proceedings

39

Japanese ProverbsJapanese Proverbs

40

http://www.hyogo.uncrd.or.jpE-mail: [email protected]

Tel: 81-78-262-5560 Fax: 81-78-262-5568

UNCRD

Disaster Management Planning

Hyogo Office

Documents

Japan Land Use Presentation