Japan-US Collaboration

Nobu Toge (KEK)

12 December 2014 Physics and Friendships,

A Symposium in honor of David Leith

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With thanks to David and to all, I would like to -

• talk to you about the roles played by, and contributions made by David in the Japan-US cooperation in the field of high energy physics.

• Note: You can find the 30+ years of Japan-US cooperation in a bigger scope at – http://www.bnl.gov/usjphep/ (30th anniversary

symposium, October 20-21, 2010, Hawaii)

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Japanese-side Background

• 1950s ~ mid-60s: – Limited Japanese participation in European or American

programs for HEP on a personal basis.

• Late 60s ~ Early 70s: – Some university groups began organizing participation in

international collabs, for instance, Koshiba’s group at DESY.

• 70s: – The period of construction and operation of KEK-PS was

interlaced with international meetings, such as the Japan–US Accelerator Science Seminar in 1973,

– where a possibility emerged of formulating a framework for a comprehensive collaboration program in HEP between Japan and the US, in addition to early collabs such as Yale- INS/U.Tokyo at BNL and at SLAC.

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Formation of the Japan-US collaborative program

• 1978: – The 19th International Conference on High Energy Physics –

ICHEP, which was held in Tokyo, gave an important opportunity for the scientists involved to exchange information on concrete possibilities of collaboration in relation to experiments and R&D.

– Around this time, very high level discussions were ongoing between the governments of Japan and the US with regard to the energy research issues.

– Under these circumstances and thanks to dedicated, tireless efforts by government officers of both countries…

• 1979: – in November the Joint Japan–US Collaboration in High Energy

Physics was established as an agreement between the Japanese Ministry of Education and the US Department of Energy.

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1 John Metzler (DOE)

2 Satoshi Ozaki (BNL)

3 Jack Blasy (DOE)

4 Jack Sandweiss (Yale)

5 Ronnie Rau (BNL)

6 William Wallenmeyer (DOE)

7 Stan Stamp (DOE)

8 Joe Ballam (SLAC)

14 Pief Panofsky (SLAC) 15 Toshio Kitagaki (Tohoku U.)

16 Tadao Fujii (U. of Tokyo)

17 Tetsuji Nishikawa (KEK)

18 Bernie Hildebrand (DOE)

19 Gakuji Shigeto (MOE)

20 Ken Kikuchi (KEK)

21 Katsuyoshi Haga (KEK)

9 James Leiss (DOE)

10 Robert Birge (LBNL)

11 Gyo Takeda (Tohoku U.)

12 Leon Lederman (FNAL)

13 Kohei Shinozawa (MOE)

Group picture taken at the Implementation Signing Ceremony for the Joint Japan-US Collaboration in High Energy Physics, held at SLAC on November 11, 1979. Official version.

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Group picture taken at the Implementation Signing Ceremony for the Joint Japan-US Collaboration in High Energy Physics, held at SLAC on November 11, 1979. Quasi-official version.

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In the Japan-US Symposium in 2010 David explained -

• 1975~6： Sharon Traweek and Henry Abarbanel encouraged David to be in contact with several Japanese groups who might be interested in collaborating on strong interaction spectroscopy studies, • which led to a meeting with Ryo Kajikawa, of

Nagoya University and the start of a long personal friendship, and of a productive scientific collaboration .

• Nagoya applied to JSPS for support, and Shiro Suzuki visited SLAC. Thus began the Japan-US basis for the “LASS” program.

• Prof.Nishikawa pushed the formation of the Japan/US collaboration in HEP, and supported the Nagoya group’s role on the LASS experiment as part of that activity

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From KEK Archive Office - Initial proposal: Nov. 12, 1979 8

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Japan-US at SLAC in Early Days • SLAC hosted two of its experimental HEP programs in the context of

Japan-US

• A series of bubble chamber experiments,

• the LASS activity.

• SLAC placed a system for hiring of young Japanese scientists

• Joe Ballam decided to hire a series of young Japanese scientists, into short term appointments, using the lab resources offset by the Japan-US investment at SLAC.

• This program had over 30 Japanese visitors working on the experiments through the period 1979 to 1999, with 18 post docs and graduate students working long term at SLAC, in these visiting appointments.

• SLAC operated PEP, a 29GeV e+e- collider

– One of the PEP experiments, TPC, was supported in part by the Japan-US program, too (hosted by LBNL).

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LASS experimental area : From Shiro Suzuki. Early 1980s.

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One of the major results from LASS

Naoki Awaji Ph.D Thesis, Nagoya (1986)

K- p+ elastic scattering from K- p K- p + n at 11GeV/c

Nucl. Phys. B 296 (1988) 493

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According to Ryo Kajikawa, • Japan-US program was

indispensable, when Ryo was looking after students in late 70s – early 80s with reduced machine time of KEK PS, while construction effort for TRISTAN was ramping up.

• Ryo worried first if he would send many students to US on a long-term basis. It turned out to be a great success, thanks to a combination of offers from SLAC, help from David and his Group B, an increased CPU power at Nagoya and hard work by Shiro Suzuki and the students.

• The Japan-US physics program of LASS at SLAC was later taken over by Yuta, Abe and their group from Tohoku Univ. who worked on SLD and kept it strong (stronger).

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S.Suzuki (behind) and T.Shimomura (front) at LASS

(From left) H.Yuta, M.Breidenbach, C.Baltay, H.Lynch, R.Kajikawa

Japan-US for SLD at SLAC • Prof. Haruo Yuta (then at Tohoku) says –

– David personally visited us in Sendai in 1986. David was to explore the possibility of Japanese participation in the SLD, bringing us an opportunity and his enthusiasm on Japan-US program.

• Yuta, in return, brought his Tohoku group to join the SLAC program with Kajikawa’s Nagoya group, working now on the SLD experiment while still participating in LASS data analysis.

• The “Ballam program”, (of lab temporary staff positions), continued supporting senior resident scientists, and a new set of temporary SLAC scientist appointments.

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H.Yuta

Group picture taken at the 7th Japan-US Committee on High Energy Physics, held at SLAC in 1986.

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Japanese groups helped design and build the CRID particle identification system, and the CCD vertex detector of the SLD detector, run the experiment through its data taking, and participate in the data analysis.

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18 Group photo: SLD collaboration

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Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko visit SLAC in 1994.

People in the Japan-US Program • Nagoya University and Tohoku University altogether sent 1４

graduate students from Japan to work at SLAC in the Japan-US program represented by David, who finished their PhD studies and graduated.

- Of this group 9 are now working in research at Japanese universities or

laboratories. - 15 young Japanese held temporary positions at SLAC, and of these 12

became faculty or staff in Japanese universities or laboratories. - 20 of the Japanese who worked on this program are active in Japanese

HEP.

• The Japan-US program at SLAC was also augmented to incorporate

accelerator R&D, with SLAC being represented by G. Loew and J.M. Paterson. – 1981：high-power klystrons – 1986: linear Colliders – Later in high-luminosity e+e- collider rings.

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Japanese Scientists for Japan/US Programs at SLAC with David

Name

Institution

(then) Role (then) Experiment Period at SLAC Institution (now) Role (now)

Currently active in

Japan

1 Abe Kenji Nagoya U GS SLD 1996 - 2001

Abe Koya Tohoku U Assoc. Prof. SLD Retired

Abe Toshinori Nagoya U post doc SLD 1996 - 2004 JASRI Staff v

Akagi Takashi Tohoku U post doc SLD Hyogo ion Beam Medical

Center Staff v

Awaji Naoki Nagoya U GS LASS 1981 - 1987 Fujitsu limited Staff at Fujitsu

Fujii Keisuke Nagoya U GS LASS 1980 - 1985 KEK Assoc. Prof. v

Fujimoto Junpei Nagoya U post doc SLD short stay KEK Staff v

Hasegawa Akio Tohoku U senior staff SLD Retired

Hasegawa Yoji Tohoku U GS SLD ~1995 Shinshu U Staff v

10 Hasuko Kazumi Tohoku U GS SLD ~1999

Hayashii Hisaki Nagoya U GS LASS 1984 - 1988 Nara Womens U. Assoc. Prof. v

Iwasaki Masako KEK/Oregon post doc SLD 1996 - 2002 KEK Assoc. Prof. v

Iwasaki Yoshihito Tohoku U GS SLD ~1995 KEK Staff v

Iwata Seigi Nagoya U senior staff LASS 1977 - 1979 Retired

Kajikawa Ryoichi Nagaoya U Professor/PI LASS/SLD 1977 - 1999 Retired

Kawahara Hideaki Tohoku U post doc LASS/SLD 1988 - 1994

Kuriki Masao Tohoku U GS E143 ~1996 Hiroshima U. Professor v

Matsui Takayuki Nagoya U post doc LASS 1979 - 1982 KEK Staff

Masuda Hiroaki Nagoya U post doc SLD 1988 - 1996 Science and Humanity Innovation Center LLC

Staff

Miyamoto Akiya Nagoya U post doc LASS/SLD 1980 - 1984 KEK Assoc. Prof. v

20 Nagamine Tadashi Tohoku U post doc SLD Tohoku U. Staff v

Narita Shinya Tohoku U GS SLD ~1997 Iwate U. Professor v

Ohishi Noritsugu Nagoya U GS SLD 1994 - 1998 Fujitsu Ltd. staff Fujitsu

Ohnishi Yukiyoshi Nagoya U GS SLD 1991 - 1995 KEK Assoc. Prof. v

Ozaki Hitoshi Nagoya U GS LASS 1984 - 1988 KEK Assoc. Prof. v

Pak C.O. Nagoya U post doc LASS 1979 - 1982 KEK retired Staff

Shimomura Toshiro Nagoya U post doc LASS/SLD 1980 - 1988 industry

Sugiyama Akira Nagoya U GS LASS/SLD 1984 - 1988 Saga U. Professor v

Suekane Fumihiko Tohoku U staff SLD 1990-1998 Tohoku U Assoc. Prof. v

Suzuki Shiro Nagoya U senior staff LASS/SLD 1978 - 1983 Saga U Professor v

30 Takahashi Toru Nagoya U post doc SLD 1991 - 1995 Hiroshima U v

Tauchi Toshiaki Nagoya U post doc LASS 1981 - 1983 KEK Assoc. Prof. v

Toge Nobu SLAC Staff SLD 1984 - 1993 KEK Sr. Exec. v

Ukai Kumataro INS, Tokyo senior staff LASS 1978, 83-84 Retired

Yashima Jun Tohoku U GS SLD ~1998

Yuta Haruo Tohoku U Professor/PI SLD 1990 - 1998 Retired

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Ph.D theses from Nagoya, Tohoku and Stanford under Japan-US with David

Year Japan

Experiment US

Name Inst. Name Inst.

1986 LASS P. Sinervo Stanford. U.

1987 N.Awaji Nagoya U. LASS

K. Fujii Nagoya U. LASS

1988 H. Hayashii Nagoya U. LASS

A. Sugiyama Nagoya U. LASS

LASS F. Bird Stanford. U.

H. Ozaki Nagoya U. LASS

1990 LASS T. Bienz Stanford. U.

1993 LASS Y.J. Kwon Stanford. U.

LASS P. Rensing Stanford. U.

1995 Y. Iwasaki Tohoku U. SLD

Y. Hasegawa Tohoku U. SLD

Y. Ohnishi SLD

1996 M. Kuriki Tohoku U. E143

SLD T. Pavel Stanford. U.

1997 S. Narita Tohoku U. SLD

1998 N. Ohishi Nagoya U. SLD

J. Yashima Tohoku U. SLD

1999 K. Hasuko Tohoku U. SLD

K. Abe Nagoya U. SLD

5 LASS 5 LASS

8 SLD 1 SLD

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Doing research is one thing. Working together is the same thing.

• F. Suekane of Tohoku Univ says • I very much enjoyed the

physics, the work at SLAC and the life in California.

• While I was serving as the accounting officer for the Japan-US program, he was extremely helpful and cooperative in processing a huge amount of paperwork on time (a stack of receipts and certificates for millions of dollars of purchases).

• I thank him for everything that made my work and life comfortable and fun.

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With S.Suzuki, Hadron Symposium at KEK in 1988

And sharing a good time, too.

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At David’s home, with Valery Telnov, Matteo Cavalli, Haruo Yuta, Doreen, Michel Davier and Shiro Suzuki. Early 1990s. 26

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• David played a critical role in leading and helping conception and execution of SLAC programs in Japan-US cooperation in HEP.

• Scientifically – – The LASS experiment to establish the full excitation spectrum of orbital and

radial light quark meson states particularly in strange meson sector and strange-onium sector.

– The SLD experiment to realize sophisticated particle ID and vertexing techniques and run them through the experiment and analysis.

• Administratively – – One of the pioneering HEP leaders in US who mastered how to work with the

Japanese (people and system). – One that helped the Japanese (people and system) master how to work with

US counterparts.

• Personally – – Showed us how the US and Japanese HEP communities can be friends, by

being one by himself first.

Thank you, David!

Conclusions

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