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Japanese Technical Standards
Naoto YANASE
UIC, Senior Advisor High Speed
JR Group Paris Office, Deputy Director
Paris, France
Hokkaido Railway Company)
East Japan Railway Company
Central Japan Railway Company
6 passenger railway companies
+
1 freight railway company
Shinkansen operation: JR companies• JR companies are private companies and successors of Japanese National
Railways• Passenger companies are also infrastructure owners.• All companies are independently administered.
Central Japan Railway Company
West Japan Railway Company
Shikoku Railway Company
Kyushu Railway Company
Japan Freight Railway Company
Railway Technical Research Institute
JR Information System
Japan Telecom (now, Soft Bank Telecom)
1 freight railway company
+
Other companies
Conventional
(1067mm)
86%
Mini-Shinkansen
(Conventional)
(1435mm)
1%
Shinkansen (1435mm)
12%
Total 12,483 miles (19,973km)
Network length
• “a main line on which a train is able to run at over 200km/h* along almost all the route” (Nationwide Shinkansen Railway Development Act)
• Mini-shinkansen routes with converted conventional lines are legally conventional lines.
Definition of Shinkansen
*200km/h: 125mph
3/17
Shinkansen : High speed rail in Japan
Conventional line: Other than Shinkansen, including Mini-Shinkansen
Shinkansen Mini-Shinkansen (Photo: running on Shinkansen track)
Railway Operations Law
Ordinance of the
Ministry for Technical
Standards for Railway
Technical standards for Japanese Railways
Laws
Technical Standards
Mandatory
Standards for RailwayTechnical Standards
Guidelines by the Government
Railway companies have to set their own criteria, “Implementation Standards”, based on the above.
Interpretation Criteria
SuggestionThese rules are applied both for Shinkansen and conventional lines.
LawsLaws
MandatoryREVISED
in March, 2002
Before revision
Technical Standards for Japanese Railways
After revision
Technical Standards
GuidelinesTechnical Standards
Suggestion
Laws and Ordinances covered
only principles of the rules.
Performance standards
Laws and Ordinances covered
many rules in detail.
Specification standards
as the reference to create operator’s
implementation standards
Laws
Technical Standards
Laws
MandatoryNowBefore
revision
Technical Standards for Japanese Railways
Guidelines
Technical Standards
SuggestionRules of Conventional Railways Structure 217
Rules of Shinkansen Railways Structure 80
Rules of Conventional Railways Operation 248
Rules of Shinkansen Railways Operation 98
Rules of Special Railways Structure 169
Total No. of articles 812
Ordinance of the Ministry for Technical
Standards for Railway
120
Total No. of articles 120
Rules of Shinkansen Railways Structure (Ordinance of the
Before the Revision
Example of the Revision(In the case of “radius of curve”)
Rules of Shinkansen Railways Structure (Ordinance of the Ministry )
Article 9. The minimum radius of curve of the main track shall be 2500 meters. In prohibitive cases from the standpoint of topography, it could be 400 meters, taking train speed into consideration.
Example of the Revision(In the case of “radius of curve”)
Ordinance of the Ministry for Technical Standard for Railway
Article 14. Radius of curvature shall be set in order not to impair safe car
After the Revision
Article 14. Radius of curvature shall be set in order not to impair safe car operations, taking the performance capability of negotiating a curve, the operation speed, and other relevant factors into consideration.
Interpretation Criteria is only the guideline - You do not need to follow these criteria if you can prove that operations are safe.
Interpretation Criteria
Concerning Article 14. Radius of curve of the Shinkansen main track shall
be 400 meters or more.
Ordinance of the Ministry
for Technical Standards for Railway
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Structure of technical standards between the government and railway companies
Interpretation Criteria(No legal force)
Implementation
Standard
Railway companies
Reference
Notification
(Internal) Design
standard etc.
Unchangeable principle : Safety as the top priority
Based on this principle, the autonomy of railway companies should be respected.
Why did the Government revise the system?
- can adapt more easily to the progress of technologies.
- Must instead take responsibility for the results.
The former laws and ordinances described the details.
→ It was impossible for railway companies to change their rules
by introducing new technologies.
→ The system of standards had been a barrier to improving
safety & service quality (that is, customer satisfaction).
As a result, railway companies
Ordinance of the Ministry
for Technical Standards for Railway
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Change Rules for Implementation Standards
Railway companies
Reference
Notification
Actually they are nearly the same at the first stage
Railway companies can change the Implementation Standards,even if the change will not meet the Interpretation Criteria,
ONLY WHEN they can show the Ministry that the safety level will not decrease.
Interpretation Criteria(No legal force)
Implementation
Standard
Ordinance of the Ministry for Technical Standards for Railway
Chapter 1 General Rule
Chapter 2 Staff
Chapter 3 Guide Way
Structure of Ordinance
Structure &
maintenance
of
facilities & rolling stock
Chapter 5 Intersection with Road
Chapter 6 Electric Line Facilities
Chapter 7 Operation Safety Facilities
Chapter 8 Rolling Stock
Chapter 9 Maintenance of Facilities and Rolling Stock
Chapter 4 Station and Halt
Chapter 10 Train Operation
Particular rules for Shinkansen in Ordinance
There is no big difference between Shinkansen and Conventional lines EXCEPT
Ordinance of the Ministry for Technical Standards for Railway
Mandatory
Laws
Technical Standards
Guidelines
and Conventional lines EXCEPTSuggestion
Article 25. Shinkansen guide way shall be equipped with the devices to abate extreme noises generated from the high-speed operation, depending upon the situation or condition along the right of way.
Article 31. 2. Adequate devices shall be installed for Shinkansen to prevent persons from entering guide ways, except those areas such as bridges, tunnels and other hard to trespass structures.
Article 39. Shinkansen railway shall not intersect with roads at grade.
Article 71. Rolling stock to be used by Shinkansen shall abate extreme noise generated from high-speed operations. However, rolling stock used for accident recovery, testing of facilities, and inspection or maintenance is exempt from this standard.
Implementation Standard
Railway companies
Structure of technical standards in railway companies
(Internal) Design standard etc.
•Example in rolling stock
Rolling stock must not exceed the loading gauge. B
Rolling stock must not exceed the loading gauge at B(conditions), Beven
with maximum load,B.
Shinkansen loading gauge on
a straight track
B. Maximum load for Shinkansen must be assumed with 200% of
passengers at seat capacity, 60kg per person, B
Ordinance
(government)
Imprementation
standard
(Railway co.)
Internal standard
(Railway co.)
•Example in rolling stock
• JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards)
Some internal standards require the conformity of JIS
Certification of conformity to the national technical standard
•National government issues the certification of technical conformity.
•National government can certify “Certified railway company”.
High speed and law, Cases in Japan / 24 June 201015/19
•It is delegated authority from the government by the deregulation.
•It makes it possible to certify the conformity to the standard by qualified people inside the railway company.
•Some important parts remain to be certified by the government (braking system etc.)
Certified railway company
•National government can certify “Certified railway company”.
•Based on the Technical Standards and Guidelines, railway companies shall set their own Implementation Standards.
Remarks
•The Japanese government and operators have modified the standard system so that laws / ordinances would not disturb each railway company’s efforts to enhance the safety and the service quality, respecting companies’ autonomy.
companies shall set their own Implementation Standards.
•Railway companies have obtained much more freedom and responsibility to set high levels of safety and quality of service. This situation will support and motivate them to survive the competition with other transportation modes.
Thank you very muchThank you very muchfor your attentionfor your attentionfor your attentionfor your attention