JapanKorea Treaty of 1905

Japanese name

Kanji

Hiragana

Transcriptions

Revised Hepburn Dai-niji nikkan kyyaku

Korean name

Hangul

Hanja

Transcriptions

Revised Romanization Eulsa joyak

McCuneReischauer lsa choyak

Alternate Korean name

Hangul 2

Hanja

Transcriptions

Revised Romanization Je-i-cha Han-il Hyeop-yak

McCuneReischauer Che-i-ch'a Han-il Hyp-yak

JapanKorea Treaty of 1905From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The JapanKorea Treaty of 1905, also known as the EulsaTreaty or JapanKorea Protectorate Treaty, was madebetween the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire in 1905.

Negotiations were concluded on November 17, 1905.[1] Thetreaty deprived Korea of its diplomatic sovereignty and madeKorea a protectorate of Japan. It was influenced by Japan's

victory in the Russo-Japanese War in 1905.[2]

Contents

1 Names2 Background3 Formation of treaty4 Treaty provisions

4.1 Controversy5 Rescission6 See also7 References8 Bibliography

Names

In the metonymy "Ulsa Treaty,"[3] the word Eulsa or Ulsaderives the Sexagenary Cycle's 42nd year of the Korean

calendar, in which the treaty was signed.[4] The treaty isidentified by several names including Second Japan-KoreaConvention (Japanese: , Korean: 2

, ),[5] Eulsa Restriction Treaty

(Korean: , ),[5] Eulsa Protection Treaty(Japanese: , Korean: ), andKorea Protection Treaty (Japanese: ).

Background

Following Japans victory in the Russo-Japanese War, with its subsequent withdrawal of Russian influence, andthe TaftKatsura Agreement, in which the United States allegedly agreed not to interfere with Japan in mattersconcerning Korea, the Japanese government sought to formalize its sphere of influence over the KoreanPeninsula.

Delegates of both Empires met in Seoul to resolve differences in matters pertaining to Koreas future foreign

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Jungmyeongjeon where the treaty

was signed

policy; however, with the Korean Imperial palace under occupation by Japanese troops, and the ImperialJapanese Army stationed at strategic locations throughout Korea, the Korean side was at a distinct disadvantagein the discussions.

Formation of treaty

On November 9, 1905, It Hirobumi arrived in Seoul and gave a letterfrom the Emperor of Japan to Gojong, Emperor of Korea, asking him tosign the treaty. On November 15, 1905, he ordered Japanese troops toencircle the Korean imperial palace and threatened the emperor in orderto force him to agree to the treaty.

On November 17, 1905, Hasegawa and Ito entered the JungmyeongjeonHall, a European-style building that was once part of Deoksu Palace, topersuade Gojong to agree, but he refused. Ito pressured the cabinet withthe implied, and later stated, threat of physical bodily harm, to sign the

treaty.[6] According to (Han-Gyeok), Korean Prime minister HanGyu-seol disagreed, shouting loudly. Ito ordered the guards to lock him

in a room and said if he continued screaming, they could kill him.[7] TheKorean cabinet signed an agreement that had been prepared by Ito in the Jungmyeongjeon. The Agreement gave

Japan complete responsibility for Korea's foreign affairs,[8] and placed all trade through Korean ports underJapanese supervision.

Treaty provisions

This treaty deprived Korea of its diplomatic sovereignty,[9][10][11] in effect making Korea a protectorate of

Japan.[12] The provisions of the treaty took effect on November 17, 1905, and it laid the foundation for the

JapanKorea Treaty of 1907, and subsequent annexation of Korea in 1910.[13]

The treaty was deemed to have gone into effect after it received the signature of five Korean ministers:[14]

Minister of Education Lee Wan-yong (; )Minister of Army Yi Geun-taek (; )Minister of Interior Yi Ji-yong (; )Minister of Foreign Affairs Park Je-sun (; )Minister of Agriculture, Commerce and Industry Gwon Jung-hyeon (; )

Emperor Gojong of Korea did not assent or sign the treaty. Other officials who disputed the treaty included:

Prime Minister Han Gyu-seol (; )Minister of Finance Min Yeong-gi (; )Minister of Justice Yi Ha-yeong (; , Later, however, he turned from opposing to agreementof the treaty)

Controversy

Emperor Gojong sent personal letters to major heads of state to appeal for their support against the illegal

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Gojong's analysis of the "treaty of 1905"

signing.[15] As of February 21, 1908, he had sent 17 lettersbearing his imperial seal, including to the following eightrulers:

King Edward VII of the United KingdomPresident Armand Fallires of FranceEmperor Nicholas II of RussiaEmperor Franz Joseph of Austria-HungaryKing Victor Emmanuel III of ItalyKing Lopold II of BelgiumEmperor Kuang-hsu of ChinaEmperor Wilhelm II of Germany which was

personally handwritten by Gojong[15]

In 1907, Emperor Gojong sent three secret emissaries to the second international Hague Peace Convention toprotest the unfairness of the Eulsa Treaty. But the great powers of the world refused to allow Korea to take partin the conference.

Not only the Emperor but the other Koreans protested against the Treaty. Jo Byeong-se and Min Yeong-hwan,who were high officials and led resistance against Eulsa treaty, killed themselves as resistance. Local yangbansand commoners joined Righteous Armies. They were called "Eulsa Euibyeong" (, ) meaning"Righteous army against Eulsa Treaty"

Rescission

This treaty, later, was confirmed to be "already null and void" by Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and

the Republic of Korea concluded in 1965.[16]

In a joint statement on June 23, 2005, officials of South Korea and North Korea reiterated their stance that theEulsa treaty be null and void on a claim of coercion by the Japanese.

As of 2010, South Korea was seizing property and other assets from the descendants of people who have been

identified as Japanese collaborators at the time of the treaty.[17]

See also

JapanKorea Treaty of 1904JapanKorea Agreement of August 1904JapanKorea Agreement of April 1905JapanKorea Agreement of August 1905JapanKorea Treaty of 1907JapanKorea Treaty of 1910Anglo-Japanese AllianceTaft-Katsura AgreementTreaty of PortsmouthRoot-Takahira AgreementUnequal treaty

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List of Korea-related topicsLiancourt Rocks

References

Korean Mission to the Conference on the Limitation of Armament, Washington, DC, 19211922. (1922). &pg=PA35Korea's Appeal (https://books.google.com/books?id=9OdAAAAAYAAJ) , p. 35, at Google Books; excerpt, "AllegedTreaty, dated November 17, 1905."

1.

Clare, Israel et al. (1910). Library of universal history and popular science, p. 4732. (https://books.google.com/books?id=02cmAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA4732), p. 4732, at Google Books

2.

Pak, Chi-yng. (2000).Korea and the United Nations (https://books.google.com/books?id=dB_8L4ysZrEC&pg=PA6) , p. 6, at Google Books; excerpt, "...as a first step towards the final annexation of Korea in 1910, Japanforced the Korean king, Kojong, to accept the protectorate treaty (known as the Ulsa Protectorate Treaty) after Japanhad defeated Russia in the Russo-Japanese War (19041905), following its victory in the Sino-Japanese War(19041995);" Cordier, Henri et al. (1905). "Trait entre le Japon et la Core," Revue internationale de Sinologie(https://books.google.com/books?id=HCgYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA633) , p. 633, at Google Books

3.

Kodansha encyclopedia of Japan, Vol 4, 1983, p. 289; Ulsa is the designation in the sexagenary cycle for the yearcorresponding to 1905

4.

(http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=124327) (in Korean). Naver/Doosan Encyclopedia.5. McKenzie, F. A. Korea's Fight for Freedom. 1920.6. ~ : (1998 4 10). , ,, 1 1, : (), 97~106. ISBN 89-87811-05-0

7.

United States. Dept. of State. (1919). Catalogue of treaties: 18141918 (https://books.google.com/books?id=35QpAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA273), p. 273, at Google Books

8.

"Deoksu Jungmyeongjeon" (http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2891414). June 23, 2008. RetrievedMay 4, 2009.

9.

Uk Heo, Terence Roehrig (2010). South Korea Since 1980 (http://books.google.com/books?id=Jegq3veJU2wC&pg=PA100&dq=%22Eulsa+Treaty%22&hl=en&ei=A5Z0TPypNsWXcfmXtZ8G&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CE4Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=%22Eulsa%20Treaty%22&f=false). Cambridge University Press.p. 9.

10.

"Independence leader Kim Koo" (http://www.ivynews.kr/news/news_main.html?number=41&code=feature). April28, 2008. Retrieved May 4, 2009.

11.

The history of Korea, pp. 46162, Homer Hulbert12. Carnegie Endowment (1921). Pamphlet 43: Korea, Treaties and Agreements (https://books.google.com/books?id=DtcBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PAvii), p. vii, at Google Books

13.

The signers of the treaty have been criticized by later Korean historians as the Five Eulsa Traitors14. Lee Hang-bok. "The King's Letter," (http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2910347) EnglishJoongAng Daily. September 22, 2009.

15.

"Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea" (http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_on_Basic_Relations_between_Japan_and_the_Republic_of_Korea). "It is confirmed that all treaties oragreements concluded between the Empire of Japan and the Empire of Korea on or before August 22, 1910 arealready null and void."

16.

Julian Ryall (July 14, 2010). "South Korea targets Japanese collaborators' descendants" (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/southkorea/7890316/South-Korea-targets-Japanese-collaborators-descendants.html).telegraph.co.uk.

17.

Bibliography

Beasley, William G. (1987). Japanese Imperialism, 1894-1945. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10-ISBN 0198215754/10-ISBN 9780198215752; 10-ISBN 0198221681/13-ISBN 9780198221685;OCLC 14719443 (http://www.worldcat.org/title/japanese-imperialism-1894-1945/oclc/14719443)Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Division of International Law. (1921). Pamphlet 43: Korea,

JapanKorea Treaty of 1905 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JapanKorea_Treaty_of_1905

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Treaties and Agreements." The Endowment: Washington, D.C. OCLC 1644278 (http://www.worldcat.org/title/pamphlet/oclc/1644278)Clare, Israel Smith; Hubert Howe Bancroft and George Edwin Rines. (1910). Library of universal historyand popular science. New York: The Bancroft society. OCLC 20843036 (http://www.worldcat.org/title/library-of-universal-history-and-popular-science-containing-a-record-of-the-human-race-from-the-earliest-historical-period-to-the-present-time-embracing-a-general-survey-of-the-progress-of-mankind-in-national-and-social-life-civil-government-religion-literature-science-and-art/oclc/20843036)Cordier, Henri and Edouard Chavannes. (1905). "Trait entre le Japon et la Core,"(http://books.google.com/books?id=HCgYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA633&dq=trait%C3%A9s+++Cor%C3%A9e+1905+Japon&hl=en&ei=E3OATOXROoOC8gbJuOSNAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=trait%C3%A9s%20%20%20Cor%C3%A9e%201905%20Japon&f=false) Revue internationale de Sinologie (International Journal ofChinese studies). Leiden: E. J. Brill. OCLC 1767648 (http://www.worldcat.org/title/tung-pao-toung-pao-international-journal-of-chinese-studies/oclc/1767648)Duus, Peter (1995). The Abacus and the Sword: The Japanese Penetration of Korea, 1895-1910.Berkeley: University of California Press. 13-ISBN 9780520086142/13-ISBN 0520086147; 13-ISBN978-0-520-21361-6; 10-ISBN 0-520-21361-0; OCLC 232346524 (http://www.worldcat.org/title/abacus-and-the-sword-the-japanese-penetration-of-korea-1895-1910/oclc/232346524?referer=di&ht=edition)Korean Mission to the Conference on the Limitation of Armament, Washington, D.C., 1921-1922. (1922).Korea's Appeal to the Conference on Limitation of Armament. Washington: U.S. Government PrintingOffice. OCLC 12923609 (http://www.worldcat.org/title/koreas-appeal-to-the-conference-on-limitation-of-armament/oclc/12923609)Pak, Chi-yng. (2000). Korea and the United Nations. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. 10-ISBN9041113827/13-ISBN 9789041113825; OCLC 247402192 (http://www.worldcat.org/title/korea-and-the-united-nations/oclc/247402192)United States. Dept. of State. (1919). Catalogue of treaties: 1814-1918. Washington: GovernmentPrinting Office. OCLC 3830508 (http://www.worldcat.org/title/catalogue-of-treaties-1814-1918/oclc/3830508)

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