Japan's Education System and Recent Problems

7/29/2019 Japan's Education System and Recent Problems

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J apans Education System and

Recent Problems


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Introduction of modern education system

z

First modern school systemwas established in the late19th century.

z

In 1872, the government setup elementary and secondaryschools throughout thecountry.

z In 1886, every child wasrequired to attend elementaryschools for either three orfour years. In 1900,compulsory education wasmade free of charge, in 1908,

its duration was extended tosix years.


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Education in the Meiji period

Confucian precepts were stressed,especially those concerning thehierarchical nature of human

relations, service to the new state,the pursuit of learning, andmorality.

These ideals, embodiedin the 1890 ImperialRescript on Education,largely guided Japaneseeducation until the end

of World War .


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Establishment of the universities

Tokyo University (1877)Kyushu University (1911)

Hokkaido University (1918) Waseda University (1902)


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Education in wartimes In the 1930s, education was subject to strong military and

nationalistic influences. The rise of militarism led to a misuse of the education

system to prepare the nation for war.

The military even sent its own teachers to schools. By 1945, the Japanese education system had been

devastated


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Education Reform after the War

The education system wasrebuilt after the Americanmodel.

The six-three-three gradestructure was instituted and

compulsory schooling wasextended to nine years.

Curricula and textbooks

were revised, thenationalistic morals coursewas abolished and replaced

with social studies.


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Schools in J apan

Many kinds of schoolsexist in Japan at present.

The survey by the

MEXT indicated therewere 61,092 schools inMay, 2005.

Private schools exist inall stages of the system,

especially in preschools,Junior colleges anduniversities.


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Education System

Kindergarten: 1-3 years(age 3-5) 79.6% go to private

Elementary school: 6 years(age 6-12). CompulsoryMostly, public.

J unior high school: 3 years(age 12-15). Compulsory.

6.5% go to private.High school: 3 years (age 15-

18). 29.6% go to private

junior college: 2 years(age 18-20) 92.7% go to private

University: 4 years (age 18-22)

73.7% go to private

Schools Teachers andStudentsinJapan(2005)


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Schools, Teachers and Studentsin Japan (2005)

Item Schools Teachers (full-time) Pupils or students enrolledae emae ae emae

ota 61, 092 1, 322, 460 690, 545 631, 915 20, 367, 965 10, 578, 402 9, 789, 563n ergartens 13, 949 110, 393 6, 807 103, 586 1, 738, 766 882, 771 855, 995

u c 5, 595 25, 825 726 25, 099 355, 517 181, 195 174, 322r vate 8, 354 84, 568 6, 081 78, 487 1, 383, 249 701, 576 681, 673

ementary sc oo s 23, 123 416, 833 155, 274 261, 559 7, 197, 458 3, 679, 994 3, 517, 464u c 22, 929 413, 227 153, 459 259, 768 7, 126, 508 3, 651, 610 3, 474, 898r vate 194 3, 606 1, 815 1, 791 70, 950 28, 384 42, 566

un or g sc oo s 11, 035 248, 694 146, 603 102, 091 3, 626, 415 1, 854, 125 1, 772, 290u c 10, 314 235, 425 138, 150 97, 275 3, 383, 909 1, 740, 086 1, 643, 823r vate 721 13, 269 8, 453 4, 816 242, 506 114, 039 128, 467

g sc oos 5, 418 251, 408 181, 933 69, 475 3, 605, 242 1, 827, 534 1, 777, 708u c 4, 097 191, 598 137, 653 53, 945 2, 536, 319 1, 274, 160 1, 262, 159r vate 1, 321 59, 810 44, 280 15, 530 1, 068, 923 553, 374 515, 549

econ ary sc oo s 19 560 382 178 7, 456 4, 161 3, 295u c 10 276 187 89 3, 488 1, 573 1, 915r vate

9 284 195 89 3, 968 2, 588 1, 380c oo s or t e an cappe 1, 002 63, 632 26, 725 36, 907 101, 612 65, 191 36, 421u c 988 63, 370 26, 596 36, 774 100, 812 64, 711 36, 101r vate 14 262 129 133 800 480 320

ec n ca co eges 63 4, 469 4, 229 240 59, 160 49, 325 9, 835u c 60 4, 315 4, 083 232 56, 804 47, 174 9, 630r vate 3 154 146 8 2, 356 2, 151 205

un or co eges 488 11, 960 6, 392 5, 568 219, 355 28, 224 191, 131u c 52 1, 453 807 646 15, 990 2, 078 13, 912r vate 436 10, 507 5, 585 4, 922 203, 365 26, 146 177, 219

n verst es 726 161, 690 134, 740 26, 950 2, 865, 051 1, 740, 151 1, 124, 900u c 173 72, 363 62, 829 9, 534 752, 760 477, 180 275, 580r vate 553 89, 327 71, 911 17, 416 2, 112, 291 1, 262, 971 849, 320

pec a tran ng sc oo s 3, 439 41, 776 20, 566 21, 210 783, 783 365, 865 417, 918

u c 214 2, 859 499 2, 360 29, 895 4, 200 25, 695r vate 3, 225 38, 917 20, 067 18, 850 753, 888 361, 665 392, 223sce aneous sc oos 1, 830 11, 045 6, 894 4, 151 163, 667 81, 061 82, 606

u c 16 64 31 33 1, 212 323 889rvae , , , , , , ,


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Advance to higher education

Percentage of students who advance to highereducation (2005)

High school and technical college: 97.6%

(F: 97.9%, M: 97.2%)University and Junior College: 47.2.%

(F: 48.6%, M: 45.9%) As the entrance rate into universities and junior colleges

has risen for a long time, higher education has become

widespread among the general public.

A number of students enter vocational schools such as

special training schools and miscellaneous school.


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School activities the school year begins on

April 1. Excursions in spring and

fall mainly

Pre-graduation schooltrips are special favoriteswith most students.

Athletic meets or sportsmeets, plays and choralperformances, bandconcerts, culture festivals

Sports teams, musical

groups, artistic circles, andother clubsactivities


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School Lunch

Almost all elementary andjunior high schools providelunch for students.

Meals are taken in theclassroom with the teacher,providing another informal

opportunity for teachingnutrition and health andgood eating habits andsocial behavior.

Students also areresponsible for serving the

lunch and cleaning up.


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School uniforms

.

Most junior high schools andhigh schools adopt schooluniforms for their students.


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A classroom in Japanese school


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Teachers office

J k d Y bik


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J uku and Yobikoz A number of students attend

private cram schools called juku.

z Juku are special private schools

that offer highly organized lessonsconducted after regular school

hours and on the weekends.z Yobikare best known for their

specially designed full-time, year-

long classes for the unsuccessful

students in entrance examinations

z Cost of education for children is abig burden to parents.

Shiyuei preparatory

school in Sapporo


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University

Tokyo Unversity Kyoto University


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University

Keiou

UniversityWaseda University


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Entrance and tuition fees in universities

National universitiesEntrance fee: $2,800 (2002)

Tuition fee: $5,200/year (2002)

Private universities

Entrance fee: $2,800 (2001)Tuition fee: $10,000/year (2001)


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University Students Living Costs (2002Expenditure 2,017,700

(yen)

Income 2,237,800

(yen)

School expenses 1,161,200 From home 1,556,700

Tuition fee 792,100 Scholarships 225,800

Other school fees,etc

369,100 Part-time jobs 358,700

Living expenses 856,500 Full-time jobs,etc

96,600

Housing, heatingand electricity

266,800

Food expenses 217,200

Entertainment 158,300

Others 214,200

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology


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Growth of Enrolled Students or Pupils

Child h f t t h l


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Elementary school J unior high school

Elementary schoolJ unior high schoolTotal

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Survey by the M

persons

Children who refuse to go to school


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Acts of Violence in the schools

Elementary school

Elementary school J unior high school High school

Elementary school

J unior high school

High school

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

The number of cases

Survey by the M

B ll i H t


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Bullying or Harassment

Elementary school J unior high school High school

The number of cases

Elementary school

J unior high school

High school

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Survey by the M

D t f hi h h l


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Dropout from high schools

Number of dropouts

percentage

Number of t dropouts

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

percentage

(persons)

Survey by the M

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Japan's Education System and Recent Problems