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Environmentally Sound Management of E-waste
1
Shunichi Honda, PhD.
Office of Waste Disposal Management
Ministry of the Environment, [email protected]
- Home Appliances Recycling Law -
Japan’s Experiences in
E-waste Workshop at IETC8 July2010
Ministry of the EnvironmentGovernment of Japan
Contents
1 Home Appliances Recycling Law
2 Statistical Data
3 Review of the Law: Accomplishments & Problems
4 PCs and other UEEE/WEEE
IETC E-waste workshop, Jul 2010, Honda
Legislative Framework
Waste Management and Public Cleansing Law
Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources
Container and Packaging Recycling
Law
Home Appliances Recycling Law
Construction Materials
Recycling Law
Food Wastes Recycling Law
End-of-life Vehicles
Recycling Law
Law on Promoting Green Purchasing
Basic Environment Law
Fundamental Law for Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society
(Regulations according to the Characteristics of Respective Items)
Effective since Aug 1994
Jan 2001
Apr 2000 May 2001May 2002Apr 2001 Jan 2005
<Appropriate treatment of waste> <Promotion of recycling>
IETC E-waste workshop, Jul 2010, Honda
Home Appliance Recycling Law
ObjectiveLegally promotion of ESM of E-waste and efficient use of recyclable resources
Mechanism
Introduction of responsibilities to all stakeholders:
• End users: payment of recycling fee
• Retailers: collection of used home appliances
• Manufacturers: recycling of collected appliances
Targets
Air conditioners
Televisions (CRTs, LCD/PDP TVs)
Refrigerators and freezers
Washing machines and clothes dryers
IETC E-waste workshop, Jul 2010, Honda
1. Payment of the fees for transportation and recyclingEx. for recycling fee: Air conditioner: JPY 3,150; TV sets: JPY 1,785-2,835; Refrigerator/freezer: JPY 3,780-4,830; Washing machine: 2,520.
2. Proper transfer to retailers or othersDis
char
ge
1. Target equipment that the retailer sold in the past2. Target equipment which is requested for collection when new
products are purchased.
Retailers
Co
llect
ion
an
d
tran
spo
rtat
ion
Designated corporations
Re
cycl
ing,
etc
.
1. When there are no entities that are obliged to collect
2. Entrusted by small and medium-sized companies
Monitoring of implementation
Ensuring reliable
transport by manifesto
system
Designated collection sitesIssue and reference
379 Designatedcollection sites
49 Recycling plants
Mu
nic
ipal
itie
sM
un
icip
alit
ies
Target equipment that the manufacturer made or the importer imported in the past
Manufacturers and importers
Mechanism of the Recycling Law
Collection and transfer
Recycling
End users Payment of fees
Waste Management and Public Cleansing Law
IETC E-waste workshop, Jul 2010, Honda
Material Flow of Waste Home Appliances
E-waste
Air conditioners,
TV sets, Refrigerators,
Washing machines, etc.
Separate parts
Metals
Printed circuit boards
Compressors
Refrigerants
CRTs
Plastics
Residues
Processes
Metal refinements
CFCs destructions
Cullet recoveries
Glass refinements
Cement refinements
Metal refinements
Steel companies (blast furnaces)
Resin refinements
Industrial waste treatment
Recycling
Metal resources
High temperature destruction
(Plasma destruction, etc.)
Raw materials
Cement fuel
Agents for burning, addictives
Reducing agents for blast furnaces
(Alternative coke)
Raw resin
Incineration, landfill, etc
Motors
IETC E-waste workshop, Jul 2010, Honda
Washing machines/Cloth dryers
Air conditioners
Refrigerators/Freezers
LCD/PDP TVsCRT TVs
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Statistical DataA
pp
lian
ces
recy
cle
d (
un
its)
Recycling
rate (%)
86
74
75
88
85
FY
IETC E-waste workshop, Jul 2010, Honda
Illegal Dumping Cases- CRT TV Sets, Washing Machines, Air Conditioners, Refrigerators -
Ille
gal D
um
pin
g (U
nit
s)
Enforcement
FY
[Surveyed data]
[Surveyed data / Covering ratio of surveyed data in population]
IETC E-waste workshop, Jul 2010, Honda
Waste Management and Public Cleansing Law
Home Appliance Recycling Law
Other Flow outsideLegal Framework
Dis
char
ge
Retailers
Co
llect
ion
an
d
tran
spo
rtR
ecy
clin
g, e
tc.
Designated collection site
Flow of Waste Home Appliances
End users
Municipalities Local recyclers (for 2nd hand markets, etc)
• 2nd hand collectors
• Metal scrap dealers
etc
Municipalities Manufacturers, importers, Designated
corporations
23 million units
0.3 million units
11 million units
11 million units
0.07 million units 12 million
units
Units in FY 2005
IETC E-waste workshop, Jul 2010, Honda
Review of the Law- Evaluation after 5 years-enforcement -
Enforcement results
Accomplishment Problems
Actual recycling rate (74%) > Target recycling rate (50-60%)
• Flow outside the Law
• Higher/uniform recycling fee
Residual time of landfill sites: 12.8 years →14.8 years • Illegal dumping
Issue of payment - whether to change deferred payment to pre-payment? -
Concerns of recycling fee before 2001
→
Opinions in 2006
• Uncertainty recycling cost • Achievement to high recycling rate
• Expectation of recycling cost down by economic-driven activities
• Need provisions for each problem
↓↓
Deferred payment Keep the payment; but need improvementIETC E-waste workshop, Jul 2010, Honda
Provisions for Each Problem
1
Transparency/user friendly mechanism
• Transparent recycling fee• Recycling cost down by economic-driven activities
2Appropriate transportation to recycling facilities
• Strengthening appropriate transportation
3
Prevention of illegal dumping
• Strengthening regular monitoring, collaboration among stakeholders
4
Promotion of a sound-material-cycle society: 3R
• Promotion to collect 2nd hand products • Strict enforcement of the Basel Convention
IETC E-waste workshop, Jul 2010, Honda
UEEE/WEEE Guidelines
TV sets
Air conditioners
Refrigerators & freezers
Washing machines
New 10 15 20
ReuseDepending on
Market DemandRecycling
7Life Years
Recommendation
IETC E-waste workshop, Jul 2010, Honda
PCs and other UEEE/WEEE
Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of
Resources
To promote businesses to utilize recourses
To collect PCs, small devices, secondary batteries, etc for recycling
PCs
Pre-payment by first users/Deferred payment by end users
Users → Postal Offices → Facilities
Mobile phones, etc
Voluntarily (EPR)
Users → Collection boxes → Facilities
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
200,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Re
cycl
ing
rate
(%
)
Co
llect
ed
un
its
FY
Desktop PCs Laptop PCs
CRT monitors LCD monitors
IETC E-waste workshop, Jul 2010, Honda