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Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

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Page 1: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications
Page 2: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications
Page 3: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe

School of Chemistry

University of Bristol

the

secret chemistry

of the mobile phone

phone demo

powerhouse

battery

communications

display

Page 4: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

history a 90’s idea?

Page 5: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

a wish list the mobile phone battery

- reversible

- environmentally friendly

- high rate of discharge

- fast charge

- long cycle life

- small watt hours per kg watt hours per cm3

Page 6: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

energy chemical → heat/light

2CH3OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 4H2O

Page 7: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

corrosion splitting a reaction in two

Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

Zn Zn2+ + 2e 2H+ + 2e H2

Zn + 2H+ → Zn2+ + H2

Page 8: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

energy chemical → electrical

Zn + 2H+ → Zn2+ + H2

Zn Zn2+ + 2e 2H+ + 2e H2

Page 9: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

the battery a modern idea?

Page 10: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

the early days death of the pony express

Zn + Cu2+ → Zn2+ + Cu

Zn Zn2+ + 2e Cu2+ + 2e Cu

Page 11: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

recharging electrolysis

2H+ + Cu → H2 + Cu2+

Cu Cu2+ + 2e2H+ + 2e → H2

Page 12: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

mobility the lead acid battery

PbO2 + Pb + 2H2SO4 2PbSO4 + 2H2O

Page 13: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

portability the simple battery

Zn + 2H+ → Zn2+ + H2

Page 14: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

stability the one with the copper top

anode:Zn → Zn2+ + 2e

cathode:2MnO2 to Mn2O3

Zn + 2MnO2 + H2O → Zn(OH)2 + Mn2O3

Zn + 2OH- → Zn(OH)2 + 2e

Page 15: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

materials chemistry the mobile phone battery

H+ is small moves fast

problem2H+ + 2e H2

concept

Page 16: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

NiOOH + MH ← Ni(OH)2 + MMH + OH-→ M + H2O + eNiOOH + MH → Ni(OH)2 + M

metal hydridesthe phone battery

Ni(OH)2

NiOOHMH

M

MH → M + H+ + e NiOOH + H+ + e → Ni(OH)2

NiOOH + H2O + e → Ni(OH)2 + OH-

Page 17: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

george graygenius inventor of the lcd

Page 18: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

liquid crystals key to the electronics revolution

Page 19: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

liquid crystals made simplethe importance of shape

is it a

or is it a ?

CN . . . .

Page 20: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

organisationthe importance of shape

Page 21: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

liquid crystals fish-shaped molecules

CN

Page 22: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

liquid crystals fish-shaped molecules

Page 23: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications
Page 24: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

liquid crystal displays sandwich-like structure

Page 25: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

liquid crystal displays twisted stacks of molecules

Page 26: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

liquid crystal displays electrically activated optical switch

current off

transparent

current on

dark

Page 27: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

fuel cells the future

Page 28: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

electroluminescent displays the future

flexible

emissive technology wide viewing angle

low voltage fast switching

high brightness low cost

Page 29: Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications

thank you thank you

http://www.howstuffworks.com

http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/lectures/mobilephone.htm