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Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe
School of Chemistry
University of Bristol
the
secret chemistry
of the mobile phone
phone demo
powerhouse
battery
communications
display
history a 90’s idea?
a wish list the mobile phone battery
- reversible
- environmentally friendly
- high rate of discharge
- fast charge
- long cycle life
- small watt hours per kg watt hours per cm3
energy chemical → heat/light
2CH3OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 4H2O
corrosion splitting a reaction in two
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Zn Zn2+ + 2e 2H+ + 2e H2
Zn + 2H+ → Zn2+ + H2
energy chemical → electrical
Zn + 2H+ → Zn2+ + H2
Zn Zn2+ + 2e 2H+ + 2e H2
the battery a modern idea?
the early days death of the pony express
Zn + Cu2+ → Zn2+ + Cu
Zn Zn2+ + 2e Cu2+ + 2e Cu
recharging electrolysis
2H+ + Cu → H2 + Cu2+
Cu Cu2+ + 2e2H+ + 2e → H2
mobility the lead acid battery
PbO2 + Pb + 2H2SO4 2PbSO4 + 2H2O
portability the simple battery
Zn + 2H+ → Zn2+ + H2
stability the one with the copper top
anode:Zn → Zn2+ + 2e
cathode:2MnO2 to Mn2O3
Zn + 2MnO2 + H2O → Zn(OH)2 + Mn2O3
Zn + 2OH- → Zn(OH)2 + 2e
materials chemistry the mobile phone battery
H+ is small moves fast
problem2H+ + 2e H2
concept
NiOOH + MH ← Ni(OH)2 + MMH + OH-→ M + H2O + eNiOOH + MH → Ni(OH)2 + M
metal hydridesthe phone battery
Ni(OH)2
NiOOHMH
M
MH → M + H+ + e NiOOH + H+ + e → Ni(OH)2
NiOOH + H2O + e → Ni(OH)2 + OH-
george graygenius inventor of the lcd
liquid crystals key to the electronics revolution
liquid crystals made simplethe importance of shape
is it a
or is it a ?
CN . . . .
organisationthe importance of shape
liquid crystals fish-shaped molecules
CN
liquid crystals fish-shaped molecules
liquid crystal displays sandwich-like structure
liquid crystal displays twisted stacks of molecules
liquid crystal displays electrically activated optical switch
current off
transparent
current on
dark
fuel cells the future
electroluminescent displays the future
flexible
emissive technology wide viewing angle
low voltage fast switching
high brightness low cost
thank you thank you
http://www.howstuffworks.com
http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/lectures/mobilephone.htm