Java New Media

8/12/2019 Java New Media

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Copyright 1997-8 Alex Chaffee

Java: A to Z

Delivered By:

Alexander Day Chaffee, Purple Technology

Original Creator of Gamelan

(http://java.developer.com/ - EarthWeb)[email protected]


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Purple Technology

Java Training and Consulting

All levels of courses

http://www.purpletech.com/


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What is Java?

Largest island of the equatorial achipelago

of Indonesia

Famous for beaches and coffee

An island


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What is Java?

A programming language

Developed by Sun Microsystems

Open specification


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What is Java?

An architecture

Virtual Machine


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What is Java?

A platform

Libraries / APIs

Applications

Applets


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What is Java?

An Operating System (OS)

Tailored for NCs and Embedded Systems

Not an OS for PCs



What is Java?

A really good buzzword

Coined by Kim Polese



Why Java?

High Productivity

Low Cost

Run Anywhere

N-tier Applications



Where is Java?

Server-side programming

Enterprise computing

Distributed computing

Client-side multimedia



Where is Java heading?

Clients (Network, Distributed Computing

with Nodes)

Servers (Web servers, collaborationservices)

Embedded (TV Set-top, cell phones, smart

cards)



Facts and Figures


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Number of Java Developers

(IDC)


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Real-world Java Examples


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Andersen Consulting

60,000 employees who travel to client sites

VERY heterogeneous computing

environments

On-line travel system for their in-house

needs

Privileges according to employee status


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Andersen Consulting (cont.)

"Java is absolutely ready for prime time. It's

the most bulletproof language we've used.

We don't have to worry about memoryleaks. If we had done this in C, we would

still be debugging."

-Elmer Baldwin, President, via WorldNetwork.


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CSX railway shipping

Find out which train(s) have your freight on

map of USA

Click on train and see what freight belongsto your company

Saving CSX $10M in next year


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CSX railway shipping (cont.)

CSX, using Java, has halved the time to

write code and moved to a zero cost

software distribution model.At the same time, CSX has moved to a

multi-client environment, improved

satisfaction, expanded reach and self-enabled the customer


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CSX (cont.)

"Java is CSX's enterprise computing solution Java

is deployed everywhere and at every level of CSX.

And we are working on architecturally purifyingCSX development," said Marshall Gibbs, assistant

VP of enterprise solutions at CSX Technology in

Jacksonville, FL, the IT unit of CSX Corp. "Our

ROI on projects where we use Java has increasedby 10 percent."


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Dun & Bradstreet

On-line office supply catalogue for in-house

use

Privileges according to status at company


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Federal Express

"Java is our primary targeted application

platform for internal apps." says FedEx CIO

Dennis Jones. "No internal applicationwork is occurring for the client aside from

Java development."

Using Symantec Caf


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Ford Motor Credit Company.

"Ford Credit is using Java and the Internet

to better serve our customers. Ford Credit is

currently using Java to provide customers aconvenient way to access account

information - 24 hours a day, 7 days a

week." -Terry Bone, Ford Motor CreditCompany


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National Library of Medicine

(NIH)Using Java for health and information

professionals to access database

Users' displays tailored to suit information(instead of line-oriented displays)

"The development of Java saved us the cost of

developing to platform-specific windowenvironments and greatly speeded up our

delivery of a working prototype version of

HSTAT (roughly six months from design to

delivery)."


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First Union Corp.

"Java gives us greater selection of what

applications we can use. Well over 90% of

development is Java based," said MichaelLove, vice president of the smart card

initiative at First Union Corp in Charlotte,

NC.


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Java Foundations


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What is a computer?

CPU

Memory

Input/output devices


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What is a programming

language?Set of instructions for computer

Stored in memory, executed by CPU

Grammar

Examples

Perl

C

C++

BASIC

LISP


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Lifecycle of a program

Source code

Compiler

Object code

Linker

Executable code


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What is a Script?

A script is a program, but not all programs

are scripts

Scripting Languages:Lingo

Perl

JavaScript

TCL


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Script vs. Program

Scripts are

smaller

easier learning curve

less scalable

number of developers per script is usually one

more task-specificusually tailored to a specific program or

function

fewer functions available


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Script vs. Program

Programs are

usually larger

more powerful

more task-independent

more scalable

programs can have dozens of programmersmore code libraries

can produce their own graphical user interface


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Lifecycle of a script

Source code

Interpreter


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Perl

Right on the line between scripting and

programming language

Possible to write large programs in PerlNot a good idea

Many libraries available for Perl

Not very good GUI support

Contains compiler and interpreter


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Java Code

Simple Object Oriented

Distributed Interpreted

Robust Safe

Secure Architecture Neutral

Portable High Performance

Multi-Threaded Dynamic (GC)


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Boy Scout Code

trustworthy loyal

helpful friendly

courteous kind

obedient cheerful

thrifty brave

clean reverent


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History

Green Project / FirstPerson / Oak

Consumer electronics

Set-top boxes

James Gosling, Patrick Naughton


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History

LiveOak (1993)

Arthur van Hoff

WebRunner (1994)Patrick Naughton, Jonathan Payne

Java

Kim Polese


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History

Fall 1994: WebRunner written

Spring 1995: Java/HotJava announced at

SunWorld 95

Fall 1995: Java Day New York

Birth of Gamelan

Spring 1996: First JavaOne (San Francisco)


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What is an Operating System?

A program that runs other programs

Sits between programs and devices

Manages scheduling of concurrent

programs

Provides API to applications

Application Program Interface


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What is a Platform?

Combination of OS, API, installed

programs, and hardware

Sometimes means one of those things,sometimes means many


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Platform Independent: Why?

Write once, run anywhere

One code base to develop

Upwardly compatible with new technology

Writing code that will run on machines that

haven't been invented yet

Cross-compatible with existing installedbase

E.g. all the computers on the Web


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Cross-Platform

Write-Once-Run-Anywhere

AIX, HP-UX, MacOS, OS2, Win95, WinNT,

Netware, UnixWare, Irix, Solaris, and others


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Platform Independent: How?

Virtual Machine

Application Application Application

Windows MacOS Unix


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Java Class Lifecycle

Source -> Bytecode -> Interpreter


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Java Class Lifecycle

Source File(.java)

Class File

(.class)

Compiler

(javac)

Java Virtual Machine (JVM)ClassLoader

Bytecode Verifier

InterpreterJust-in-time

compiler

Security Manager

Operating System

Networkor

File System

= security gateway


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Security Architecure

Has to go through Verifier on one side and

Security Manager on the other

Sandbox

Cryptography / signed applets


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Secure

Java:

Adjustable security: untrusted through levels

of trustActiveX:

Binary trust: all or nothing


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Java vs. ActiveX

Java ActiveX

File IO yes yes

Network IO yes yesApplet Caching yes yes

Erase hard disk no yes

Upload confidential informationno yes


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Object-Oriented

Encourages more flexible and reliable

designs

Fosters reuse of code and design

Reduces maintenance costs


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Automatic Memory

ManagementGreatly improves developer productivity

Reduces memory leakage problems


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Powers of ten

Cost of fixing problems

Design = $1

Development = $10Debugging = $100

Deployment = $1000

Brooks, The Mythical Man MonthJava helps at early stages

Problems are caught early


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Distributed Computing

Applications reside where theyre needed

saving valuable desktop space

Accessible from any connected location

Native support for distributed app

development (java.net, RMI, CORBA,

DCOM)


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Server-side strength

Built-in support for networking makes

development easy


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3-tier and n-tier development

Flexible implementations separate user

interface from business logic and from

database storage


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Client-side Java


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Copyright 1997 Alex Chaffee

Applications

Installed locally

Like any other application (Word, Photoshop)

Run as a local process

Can make network connections freely

No security restrictions

Still safety restrictions (e.g. cant write to

random memory)


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Applets

Live inside a browser

Stored as class files on a Web server

Are delivered through the internet orintranet

On-demand, when needed

Run inside a Java-enabled web browser

Always downloads the latest version

Sometimes cached locally, but not reliably


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Applet Security

Security restrictions

Are secure

Limited or no access to the local machine(client)


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Applets (Diagram)Browser Web Server

face.html

face.class

Here is my face:


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Client

Sockets and Ports (Diagram)

port 13

port 80

Time Service

Web Service

Socket

Server

Socket


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Applet as Input Form

Interactive

Verify input

Can send data to CGI or to custom server

More efficient use of client and server

resources


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Applet Security Model

a/k/a The Sandbox

Cant access local files

Cant launch local applicationsCan only connect to applet host, i.e. the

host from which the applet itself was

downloaded

Cant accept connections, i.e. cant act as a

server


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Applet Tag


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Browser Virtual Machine

Every browser has its own VM

Starts up either at launch or the first time

Java is neededStarting Java...


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Browser compatibility

Every version of Java is slightly different

Browsers, yuck

Navigator 2.x, 3.x, 4.x

Internet Explorer 3.x, 4.x

HotJava

We need...


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The Activator


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Activator, a/k/a Java Plug-in

uses latest JRE

to deploy Java on intranets

eventually, on Internet

Not a perfect solution


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Microsoft's Java


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Java vs. HTML

HTML is a presentation format

Was never meant to be used for interactive

applicationsLatency, or turn-around time, is too high

Dynamic HTML is really just window

dressing


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Java vs. HTML

Java is a full-fledged application language

High-level of interaction with low-latency

More powerful and easier to use interfaces

Flexible enough to play any part in a

solution


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Java can do it all

Server-side or back-end processing

Middleware to transport and translate

informationFront-end user interface

Adapts to client: from PCs, NCs to Hand-

held devices


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Marimba Castanet

Marimba Castanet delivers applications

Changes nature of software

No more upgrades! Just automatic updates

http://www.marimba.com/

Founded by four original Java team

members


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Java vs. JavaScript

Totally different technologies

JavaScript

Browser scripting language

Integrated with HTML page

Similar syntax


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Java and Multimedia


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Java and Streaming

Streaming - starting to play a sound or

video before it has completely downloaded

A few streaming players written in JavaFlash

Shockwave


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Multimedia FAQ

I J l b d id h


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Is Java low-bandwidth

friendly?Con:

Startup time

Need to load class files as well as media filesPro:

Complete control over what media you

download at what timeClass files usually small

Is there an authoring


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s the e an autho ing

environment to help you write

Java?A few packages allow you to create

animations or ads and output class files

There are plenty of IDEs that require you towrite code

Many IDEs use Java Beans to make

programming more visual

How does one with no


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programming knowledge

oversee a Java based project?

Wh t i l f


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What are some simple uses of

Java on a Web site?Playing a sound

Displaying an animation

better to use GIF89

Interactive form

better to use JavaScript

Interactive banner ad

What's a good price to pay for


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g p p y f

a Java programmer you aren't

sleeping with?

$50-$150 / hr

I J d f d l i


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Is Java good for developing

games?Sure, if you keep the window small

MPlayer

http://www.mplayer.com/java/games/

Will J b d 2


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Will Java be around 2 years

from now?Absolutely

C h k l


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Can you show me some kewl

stuff done in Java?http://www.tdb.uu.se/~karl/brain.html

http://www.mplayer.com/java/games/

http://fragisland.fragzone.se


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Server-side Java


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Servlets

Cross-platform server-side scripting

Like CGI, only cooler


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Java Web Server

Server written in Java

Runs servlets

Cheap


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Java Application Server

Based on Java Web Server

High-performance

Enterprise Java Beans


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Framework for enterprise servers

Adds transactions, persistence,

multithreading to serverDeals with tough issues, keeping server-side

business objects simple

Many EJB servers (IBM, Weblogic,JavaSoft, etc.)


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Java Components


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Spaghetti Code

Business logic mingled with systems code

Ported to legacy systems

Complex to developExpensive to maintain


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Java Beans

Marketable software parts

Business applications as reusable

components

Leverages legacy systems

Easy to build/extend

Easy to distribute


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Copyright (c) 1997 Alex Chaffee

What is a component?

Software part

Self-contained, independent

Plug-and-play, drag-and-drop

Interact and interoperate with other

components

Assemble components to create anapplication

Ready for use by visual programming tools

Marketable


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Split Development

JavaBeans producers

Create components for user-interface and

business-logicJavaBeans consumers

Use JavaScript Applet Embedding for web

pages

Use JavaStudio and other visual development

tools

Commercial User Interface


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Commercial User-Interface

JavaBeans

JScape (www.jscape.com)

KL Group (www.klg.com)

Lotus Kona project (www.lotus.com)

Rogue Wave

Dundas

Many more: see

http://www.javasoft.com/beans/


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Adds business services to Java

Transactions, naming, etc.

Simplified developmentdont need to worry about threading, locking,

transaction issues

IBM heavily involved


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Java Myths


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Myth: Java is Proprietary

Truly open standards

Developed in collaboration with other partners

IBM, Symantec, Intel, Oracle,

Long period of public comment and revision

Several "clean-room" implementations underway

Kaffe

Sun does not compete with application developers

Or does it? (Java Application Server, HotSpot)

Java is an ISO Publically Available Standard

approved 20 to 2

Myth: Java has poor


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Myth: Java has poor

performance

Video Games

Frag IslandQuake Rendering Engine

(http://fragisland.fragzone.se/)Warp - Karl Hornell is God

(http://www.tdb.uu.se/~karl/java/warp.html)

Built-in Multi-threading improves

performance

Myth: Java has poor


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Myth: Java has poor

performanceInterpreter is fine for IO-bound apps

(including UI)

Very fast with Just-in-time (JIT) compilersNow available on most platforms

HotSpot

Object-oriented optimizationGenerational Garbage Collection

malloc/free test: JVM 18 sec, MSJVM 8 sec, C++ 6

sec, HotSpot 2 sec.

Many other enhancements

Myth: Java has poor


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Myth: Java has poor

performance

Compile to native code where possible

Compile server-side applications directly to

the platform on which theyll be usedSuperCede and Symantec Caf/Visual Caf

support this

Note: lose some benefits of Java (notablydynamic linking)


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Myth: Java is immature

Compiler Bugs

Almost none in real-world experience

Java Compatibility Test required by all JavaVMlicensees


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Class Library Bugs

AWT in JDK 1.1 much improved

JFC takes Java UI to the next level


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Java Virtual Machine problems

Most are from implementations in browsers

They lag behind JDK releasesAffects cross-platform compatibility

100% Pure Java crusade, run seamlessly across

platforms

Activator

Myth: Write once run


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Myth: Write once, run

anywhere

Should be, Write once, debug everywhere,

run anywhere

Need a good debugger (like Caf)


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Java Myths: NCs vs. PCs

PC vs NC: reality both will co-exist and

overlap in functionality

Network and server load issues: realitycareful system administration and caching

required

Don't need to throw everything away andstart from scratch


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Myth: Java vs. Microsoft

Java works great under Microsoft OS

IIS has full Java integration for ASPs


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Java Libraries and APIs

Java API Strategy


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gy

b ( )


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Core Libraries (APIs)

UI

JFC

IONet

JDBC

RMI

d d A


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Extended APIs

Electronic Commerce

Network Management

Security

JavaBeans - GUI Components

Enterprise Java - Enterprise Wide Backend Database

Connectivity

Server - Web Server or Distributed Applications

JavaMedia - Multimedia

U I f AWT


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User Interface: AWT

Based on native widgets

Native look-and-feel

Simple components

S /JFC


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Swing/JFC

Builds on AWT and IFC

Pluggable look and feel

Rich set of pre-defined componentsFully customizable

Simplify commercial GUI development

Open component market

S i GUI


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Swing GUI

AFC / WFC


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AFC / WFC

Microsoft's alternative

Write once, run on Windows

Out as of March 11, 1998

S d d E i


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Standard Extensions

Servlets

InfoBus

Java HelpJavaMail

J d B i


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Java and Business

JDBC

JNDI (Java Naming and Directory

Interface)Java Transaction Services


Di ib d C i


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Distributed Computing

j t


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java.net

uses TCP/IP

works on all Java platforms

all open protocols of the InternetHTTP, FTP, SMTP, IMAP

Source code:

Socket s = new Socket(www.internet.com,80);

Oth N t k T h l i


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Other Network Technologies

RMI

CORBA

JDBC

Other Java


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Initiatives/Environments

J PC


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JavaPC

Turn old PCs into NCs

P l J


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Personal Java

Tailored for products such as mobile

phones, set top boxes, screenphones, mid-

range mobile phonesDesigned to fit in devices with 2 Mb or less

E b dd d J


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Embedded Java

tailored for small memory, high volume

products

Tailored for products such as industrialcontrollers, pagers, routers, switches

Designed to fit in devices < .5 Mb ROM

Doesn't require general purpose appletdownloading capabilities

Includes the Java VM and core set of APIs

J C d


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Java Card

Use in Smart Cards

Java Ring

Dallas Semiconductor32K program RAM, 6K data RAM

Serial port interface

Contains private key cryptoRuns off the 1 bits

Auto-zeroing RAM

Oth C i


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Other Companies

Netscape


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Netscape

First Java licensee

Recently announced they're canceling their

Java programJava will still work in Netscape with

Activator etc.

Also working (halfheartedly) on Javagator

Microsoft


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Microsoft

COM integration

IIS

AFC / WFCVisual J++ 6.0

SDKJ 3.0 just released in beta

Write once, run on Windows

Did someone say lawsuit?

Symantec


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Symantec

First with first out with dev tools, an IDE, a

RAD IDE, a JIT, and a database-oriented

productDeveloping JFC core technologies

Developing JFC look-and-feels

Just-in-time compiler keeps getting betterEnhancing debugger support

IBM


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IBM

VisualAge for Java - nice RAD tool

San Francisco

Enterprise Java BeansLicensing picoJava

Developing Java


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Developing Java

Developing Java:IDEs


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Developing Java:IDEs

Best ones are on PC

Symantec Caf

Borland JBuilderMicrosoft Visual J++

Developing Java: Java Studio


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Developing Java: Java Studio

Conclusion


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Conclusion


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[APPLAUSE]


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[DINNER]

Relevant Web Site Resources


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Relevant Web Site Resources

Javasoft & Sun: www.javasoft.com &

www.sun.com

Developer.com: java.developer.comSymantec: www.symantec.com

IBM: www.ibm.com/java

Borland: www.borland.comSuperCede: www.supercede.com

Purple Tech: www.purpletech.com

Credits


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Credits

Purple Technology Java Training and Consulting

Symantec Corp.

Java Development Tools

Advanced Web Technologies

Java-only training, mentoring, and consulting company

Sun Microsystems

JavaOne presentations: Lew Tucker, Alan Baratz,James Gosling

Personal Thanks

Lew Tucker, Gerry Seidman, Ian McFarland

Appendix: Networking Basics


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Appendix: Networking Basics

Networking Basics


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Networking Basics

TCP/IP vocabulary and concepts

WWW vocabulary and concept

Telnet Application


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Telnet Application

Demo of time service (port 13)

Demo of login service (port 23)

Demo of HTTP service (port 80)

A Network Is


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A Network Is...

node

any device on the network

hosta computer on the network

address

computer-readable name for hosthost name

human-readable name for host

A Network Does


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A Network Does...

datagram (or packet)

little bundle of information

sent from one node to anotherprotocol

roles, vocabulary, rules for communication

IPthe Internet Protocol

TCP/IP: The Internet Protocol


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TCP/IP: The Internet Protocol

Physical Network

Transport Layer (TCP, UDP)

Internet Layer (IP)

Application Layer (HTTP, FTP, SMTP)

TCP/UDP/IP


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TCP/UDP/IP

IP raw packets

the Internet Layer

TCP

data stream

reliable, ordered

the Transport Layer

UDP user datagrams (packets)

unreliable, unordered

the Transport Layer

The Three Is


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The Three I s

internet

any IP-based network

Internetthe big, famous, world-wide IP network

intranet

a corporate LAN-based IP networkextranet

accessing corporate data across the Internet

IP Addresses


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IP Addresses

IP Address: identifies a host

4 bytes = 2^32 = 4,294,967,296

DNS: converts host names / domain namesinto IP#s

IPv6


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IPv6

aka IP: the Next Generation

16-byte addresses

2^128 =340,282,366,920,938,460,000,000,000,000,

000,000,000

No Y2K problem: InetAddress Class hidesimplementation

Sockets and Ports


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Sockets and Ports

Port: a meeting place on a host

one service per port

1-1023 = well-known services1024+ = experimental services, temporary

Socket: a two-way connection



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Client


port 13

port 80

Time Service

Web Service

Socket

Server

Socket

Well-Known Ports


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Well Known Ports

20,21: FTP

23: telnet

25: SMTP43: whois

80: HTTP

119: NNTP

1099: RMI

The World Wide Web


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The World Wide Web

Runs on the Internet

Uses HTTP protocol

Invented by Tim Berners-Lee (and a cast ofthousands)

URL


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URL

protocol://host[:port][/path/][file][#anchor]

http://www.javasoft.com/sfaq/index.html

http://www.javasoft.com/sfaq/ ftp://ftp.stinky.com/pub/java/course.zip

HTTP


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HTTP

port 80 default

Client:GETpathHTTP/1.0

Header: valueblank line

Server:HTTP/1.0 OK 200

Header: valueblank line

data

telnet demo again

HTML


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Text file

Tags - markup commands embedded in

texte.g.

This is bold and this is

italics

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