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Jean Piaget
His LifeHis TheoryApplications in Education
Outline Who is Jean Piaget? How did he Start Working in
Psychology? Piagetian Glossary His Theory:
– Stages of Development:Sensorimotor Stage (0 – 2 years)Preoperational Stage (2 – 6/7 years)Concrete Operational Stage (6/7 years – 11
years)Formal Operational Stage (11 –15 years)
Applications of his theory in Education
Who’s Jean Piaget? Place Of Birth:
Switzerland Date of Birth: August
9th, 1896 First Appearance: at
the age of 11, he wrote a short notice on an albino sparrow – this is considered as the start of a brilliant scientific career.
How did he Start Working in Psychology?
PHD in Natural Science.
Moving to France – Working at a school.
First experiential studies of the growing mind.
Piagetian Glossary Genetic Epistemology: The study of
the origins of knowledge.
– Do we just add more information over time? No!
– Children are not just little adults who have not acquired as much knowledge.
– They think in qualitatively different ways.– Their thinking is not illogical, but employs
a different logic.
Example
Piagetian Glossary Schemas: Simple skills that the
individual possesses and that direct the way this individual is to explore his/her environment and gain more knowledge.
Example
Piagetian Glossary
Example
Assimilation: Incorporation of new material from the environment into a schema.
Piagetian Glossary
Example
Accommodation: Changing a certain schema to fit the environment.
Piagetian Glossary Adaptation: Piaget’s term of what
we call “Learning”; individuals use schemata to understand features of the world.
Piagetian Glossary Equilibrium: when Assimilation and
Accommodation work in harmony together; it means that adaptation is driven by a biological drive to obtain balance between schemes and the environment.
Further Investigations…
Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive Development
Basic Assumption:– Development is children’s attempts to
make sense of the world. Development is the orderly,
qualitative, and adaptive changes in:– Physical– Personal– Social– CognitiveAspects of an individual.
Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive Development
Factors that Influence Development:
– Maturation
– Activity
– Social Transmission
Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive Development
Two major characteristics to the theory:
– The process of coming to know
– The stages the individual moves through as he/she gradually acquire the ability to know.
Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive Development
Video 1: Introduction to Piaget.
Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor Stage (0 – 2 years)
Preoperational Stage (2 – 6/7 years)
Concrete Operational Stage (6/7 – 11 years)
Formal Operational Stage (11– 15 years)
Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor Stage: (0-2 Years)
– Infant uses senses and motor abilities to understand the world.
Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentSensorimotor Stage
Period Characteristics
0-1 months -Reflex activity only-No differentiation
1-4 months -Hand-mouth coordination-Differentiation via sucking
4-8 months -Hand-eye coordination-Repeats unusual events
Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentSensorimotor Stage
Period Characteristics
8-12 months -Coordination of two schemata-Object permanence attained
12-18 months -New means through experimentation-follows sequential displacements
18-24 months -Internal representations-New means through mental combinations
Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentSensorimotor Stage
Video 2: Object Permanence
Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive Development
Preoperational Stage: (2-6/7 Years)
– The development of internal representation permits the young child to begin to use symbols to represent objects
Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentPreoperational Stage
Egocentric Stage (2-4 years)
– Problems are solved through representation
– Language develops
– Thought and logic are both EGOCENTRIC
Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentPreoperational Stage – Egocentric Stage
Video 3: Egocentrism
Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentPreoperational Stage
Intuitive Stage (5-7 years)
– Child cannot solve conservation problems
– Judgments are based on perception rather than logic
Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentPreoperational Stage – Intuitive Stage
Video 4: Conservative Tasks
Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive Development
Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)
– Child attains reversibility
– Child can solve conservative problems
– Logical operations developed and applied to concrete problems
– Child cannot solve complex verbal problems
Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentConcrete Operational Stage
Video 5: Logical Operations
Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive Development
Formal Operational Stage (11-15 years)
– Child can logically solve all types of problems
– Child can think scientifically
– Child can solve complex verbal problems
– Cognitive structures attained
Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentFormal Operational Stage
Video 6: Formal Operational Child
Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education
“Learning Comes Through “Doing” – It is an
active process”
Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education
Learner-Centered Philosophy
Activity is Essential
Individualized Instruction
Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education
Teaching at all levels of education must be
founded on the activity of the learner. Concepts
CANNOT be taught through verbal instruction.
Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education
Six Principles
1. The teacher should create an environment and an atmosphere in which children will be active and will initiate and complete their own activities. The teacher should provide time to spare and materials to complete self-initiated activities.
Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education
Six Principles
2. Teachers should give feedback to their students when dealing with social-arbitrary knowledge, but when it comes to physical and logical-mathematical knowledge feedback should not be given.
Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education
Six Principles
3. Teachers should let the preoperational child go through stages of being “wrong”.
Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education
Six Principles
4. Teachers should know that some types of knowledge are best learned and motivated through interaction with other children.
Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education
Six Principles
5. View all Aspects of Knowledge as inseparable.
Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education
Six Principles
6. If you want a child to acquire a specific fact or piece of content that is not available to him, teach it directly and reinforce the learning.
Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education
Other Teaching Considerations
Teachers are organizers of the learning
process.
Teachers are assessors of the child’s
thinking.
Teachers are initiators of group activities
Materials
Development is not automatic
Accelerations
References A Brief Biography of Jean Piaget – Piaget
Archives. Jean Piaget – Psychology History The Piaget Handbook for Teachers and
Parents – Teachers’ College Press Piaget for the Classroom Teacher –
Wadsworth Knowledge and Development – Easly The Teaching of Young Children – Schoken Piaget in the Classroom – Shwebel and
Ralph
The End