Jean TalonJean Talon “The Empire Strikes Back”“The Empire Strikes Back”

The “Sun King”Has Spoken…The “Sun King”Has Spoken…Louis XIV is the absolute Louis XIV is the absolute monarch in N.F as of 1663.monarch in N.F as of 1663.1665 –Iroquois Nations attack 1665 –Iroquois Nations attack French French posts.posts.

- 1100 French soldiers - 1100 French soldiers (Carignan-Salieres Regiment) sent (Carignan-Salieres Regiment) sent to end Iroquois threat. to end Iroquois threat. Jean TalonJean Talon intendant of New intendant of New France (1665-1672).France (1665-1672).Jean Talon’s mandate was to Jean Talon’s mandate was to populate the Colony (doubled pop populate the Colony (doubled pop from 3,215 in 1666 to more than from 3,215 in 1666 to more than 7,000 in 1672).7,000 in 1672).

Louis XIVLouis XIV

Reasons For Low PopulationReasons For Low Population

Far from FranceFar from France

Difficult ocean crossingDifficult ocean crossing

Cold climateCold climate

Fur trade did not require many European Fur trade did not require many European laborers and companies did not fully laborers and companies did not fully encourage immigrationencourage immigration

Threat of Iroquois attack Threat of Iroquois attack

Jean Talon ‘s Immigration PoliciesJean Talon ‘s Immigration Policies

EngagesEngages (hired workers) (hired workers) – Passage was paid for / – Passage was paid for / came for 36 months.came for 36 months.

SoldiersSoldiers – land offered to – land offered to members of the Carignan-members of the Carignan-Salieres Regiment / 400 Salieres Regiment / 400 remained.remained.

Filles Du RoiFilles Du Roi – young – young orphan girls brought over orphan girls brought over due to shortage of women due to shortage of women / 750-1000 came./ 750-1000 came.

Filles Du RoiFilles Du Roi

Talon and settlersTalon and settlers

Talon ‘s Incentives: “Babies Talon ‘s Incentives: “Babies Wanted!”Wanted!”

Encouraged to marry Encouraged to marry young (payments given young (payments given to young couples).to young couples).Fathers fined if Fathers fined if daughters not married daughters not married by age 17 / men fined if by age 17 / men fined if not married by age 21 not married by age 21 (not permitted to take (not permitted to take part in fur trade).part in fur trade).Family allowances Family allowances provided for large provided for large families (bigger the families (bigger the family, the bigger the family, the bigger the pay back!).pay back!).

Talon’s ResultsTalon’s Results

Natural Increase (number of births minus number Natural Increase (number of births minus number of deaths). of deaths).

Between 1663-1760, New France’s population Between 1663-1760, New France’s population increased from 3,000 to 70,000 due mainly to increased from 3,000 to 70,000 due mainly to natural increase (high birth rate). Young couples natural increase (high birth rate). Young couples having many babies.having many babies.

* * By 1760, 13 Colonies (English) along N.A. Atlantic By 1760, 13 Colonies (English) along N.A. Atlantic Coast had over 1,500,000 people as a result of Coast had over 1,500,000 people as a result of both immigration and high natural increase / birth both immigration and high natural increase / birth rate.rate.

ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION IN THE ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION IN THE 1717THTH & 18 & 18THTH CENTURIES CENTURIES

Do Not Forget…Do Not Forget… New France began as a commercial colony New France began as a commercial colony

controlled by controlled by Fur Trading CompaniesFur Trading Companies who had a who had a monopolymonopoly over the fur trade and who also over the fur trade and who also governedgoverned the French colony.the French colony.

This changed in This changed in 16601660, when New France became a , when New France became a ““royal provinceroyal province” under Louis XIV of France. The ” under Louis XIV of France. The French Crown now controlled the colony through a French Crown now controlled the colony through a governorgovernor, , intendantintendant, and , and bishopbishop..

Intendants, Jean Talon (1665-68 & 1670-72) and Intendants, Jean Talon (1665-68 & 1670-72) and Gilles Hocquart (1731-1748), attempted to Gilles Hocquart (1731-1748), attempted to broaden broaden the economy to have a colony based on settlementsthe economy to have a colony based on settlements, , agricultureagriculture, and , and industriesindustries..

Intendant Jean Talon (1665-68 & 1670-72)Intendant Jean Talon (1665-68 & 1670-72)

Improved Farming:Improved Farming:- Granted more seigneuries and encouraged immigration.Granted more seigneuries and encouraged immigration.- Brought horses, sheep, and cattle from France.Brought horses, sheep, and cattle from France.- Commercial Crops – flax for linen; hemp for ropes; Commercial Crops – flax for linen; hemp for ropes;

barley and hops for beer.barley and hops for beer.

Attempted To Create Industries:Attempted To Create Industries:- Used forest land for timber in Used forest land for timber in shipbuildingshipbuilding and barrel and barrel

making.making.- Hat making from fur pelts (textile).Hat making from fur pelts (textile).- TanneryTannery making leather for shoes (textile). making leather for shoes (textile).- Pitch and tar production used in ship building.Pitch and tar production used in ship building. - - BrewingBrewing company. company.

Intendant Jean Talon (1665-68 & 1670-72)Intendant Jean Talon (1665-68 & 1670-72)

Encouraged TradeEncouraged TradeIntroduced Introduced TRIANGULAR TRADETRIANGULAR TRADE..1.1. The colony of New France would ship furs, The colony of New France would ship furs,

timber, wheat, and fish.timber, wheat, and fish.

2.2. Caribbean colonies (e.g. Martinique) would Caribbean colonies (e.g. Martinique) would supply rum, molasses, sugar, tabacco and supply rum, molasses, sugar, tabacco and coffee.coffee.

3.3. France, in turn, would supply textiles, and France, in turn, would supply textiles, and manufactured (finished) goods. manufactured (finished) goods.

Talon’s Industries Failed due to:Talon’s Industries Failed due to: Local markets (in New France) not large enough to Local markets (in New France) not large enough to

support industries.support industries.

Labour and transportation costs made “canadien” Labour and transportation costs made “canadien” products uncompetitive on French market.products uncompetitive on French market.

Textile industries failed because N.F. population Textile industries failed because N.F. population preferred wool from France.preferred wool from France.

Brewing company failed because people preferred wine Brewing company failed because people preferred wine and brandy from France.and brandy from France.

Negative Influences Holding Back Negative Influences Holding Back Economic Economic Activity in New FranceActivity in New France

France’s belief in mercantilism (did not want colony to France’s belief in mercantilism (did not want colony to produce finished goods – competed for same market.produce finished goods – competed for same market.

Lack of skilled workers (artisans preferred to stay in Lack of skilled workers (artisans preferred to stay in France).France).

No capital (lack of money to invest in projects).No capital (lack of money to invest in projects).

Difficulty finding global markets and exporting goods Difficulty finding global markets and exporting goods except for furs.except for furs.

Bottom LineBottom Line

New France never attained a strong and New France never attained a strong and prosperous economy, and had difficulty prosperous economy, and had difficulty truly being self-supporting. The colony truly being self-supporting. The colony depended on finished goods and financial depended on finished goods and financial support from France.support from France.