Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course

Chapter 6 Sections 3 & 4

I Jefferson Wins Presidential Election 1800

• Jefferson & Burr (rep) v Adams (fed)– Jefferson & Burr tied in electoral

votes• Hamilton convinces federalists

to hand in blank votes to give Jefferson win over Burr– Burr becomes VP and is bitter

• Pres. election of 1800 spelled out flaw in Constitution– Congress passes 12th amendment

separates ballots for Pres & VP

A. Peaceful Transfer of Power• Despite bitter feelings, Jefferson took power

w/o incident– Peaceful transition of power shows Amer. could

withstand pol. Change• “every difference of opinion is not difference of

principle”

B. Simplifying the Presidency• Jefferson believed simple

gov’t best for nation– Reduced size of office– Stopped plans to expand the

navy• Rolled back Hamilton’s

economic program & the influence of the Bank of US– Jefferson favored free trade

because raw mat. From America were in short supply in Europe

C. Southern Dominance of Politics• Jefferson 1st pres. in new capital of DC– 2 following president are from VA– Evidence of decline of federalist & northern

influence in pol• Expansion favored rep. because settlers in

new states voted for the reo. Who represented the farmer’s interests

II Federalist’s Loose PowerA. John Marshall & Supreme Ct.

• Fed. Retain power in judiciary branch• Adams passes Judiciary Act of 1801

before he leaves office– Increased # of fed. Judges & fills position

w/ federalists• Midnights judges= judges appointed by

Adams before he leaves office

• John Marshall appointed Chief Justice• Jefferson argues that since

appointments were signed but not delivered by the time Adams left they were invalid

B. Marbury v. Madison• Marbury= 1 of fed. Judges appointed

by Adam– Demanded that Madison (rep. sec. of

state) del. The papers but he refused• Marbury v Madison ruling= marshall

(fed) said Act that forced madison to send papers was unconst.– Victory for rep because fed judhges not

appointed• SC decision affirms strong fed. View

of judicial rev.– Judicial review= ability of SC to declare

act of congress Unconstitutional

Hamilton duels with Burr• Hamilton convinces fed to

back Jefferson rather than Burr– Later he backed Burr’s

opponent for governor of NY

• Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel– Burr shoots and kills

Hamilton who shot in the air

– End Burr’s political career

A. The Louisiana Purchase• Bonaparte intended to use Louisiana as

breadbasket for French west indies• Jefferson sends Monroe to France to buy land

from France• French island of Haiti lost in Haitian slave revolt &

has no longer has need for Loui.• Monroe buys Louisiana for $15 mil.– Jefferson was strict constructionist & struggled with

the purchase– Strict const.= if power was not given by the

constitution then gov’t could not have that power

• Purchase was ratified and nearly doubles the size of the US

B. Lewis & Clark• Meriwether Lewis &

William Clark sent to explore new territory – Documented new

animals & native cultures

• Sacajawea= native American women who served as an interpreter & guide

I War Hawks Demand War• Jefferson’s pop. Rose after Louisiana Purchase– British impose blockade on Napoleons Europe

A. Grievances Against Britain– Gb practicing imprssment• Seizing Amer. ships and forcing them to join the British

Navy– Congress issues ebargo to hurt European powers

and force them to respect Amer. neutrality• Embargo= ban on exporting products to other country

– Embargo does not work

B. Grievances against Native Americans

• War hawks= those from S & W who called for war

• Confed. of nat. Amer. led by Techumseh fought for their land– Nat. Amer. lost at the

battle f Tippecanoe• War Hawks found out

nat. Amer. were using guns supplied by GBfurhter calls for war

II the War brings Mixed Results• Rep. Madison becomes pres.congress approves

war decl.• Battle of ThamesTecumseh diescollapse of

confederacy• British raid & burn towns along Atlantic coast– Burn down white house

• Treaty of Ghent = armistice– Armistice= end to fighting

• Treaty re-opens trade between countries• Rush-Bagot treaty= limit of warships on Great Lakes