JEFFERSON IN OFFICEChapter 6 Section 3

THOMAS JEFFERSON TAKES OFFICE Revolution of 1800

Referred to his creation of a less formal style of the presidency

Strong believer in small gov’t=limited scope of federal power

Wanted to pay off debt, cut gov’t spending, and did away with whiskey tax

Instead of a standing army, wanted to rely on militia Chose Albert Gallatin as secretary of

treasury=skilled financier who supported Hamilton’s system

THOMAS JEFFERSON

ALBERT GALLATIN

THOMAS JEFFERSON TAKES OFFICE Rise of the Supreme Court

Judiciary Act of 1801- passed before Adams left office

Created 16 new federal judges Nicknamed “midnight judges”=Adams signed

these appoints until midnight on his last day Impeaching Judges

Jefferson and Republicans opposed Federalist controlled courts

Repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801

THOMAS JEFFERSON TAKES OFFICE Republicans wanted to remove Fed. from the judiciary by

impeachment Tried to impeach Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase

Senate didn’t convict b/c he wasn’t guilty of “treason, bribery, or other high crimes”

Marbury v. Madison John Marshall- appointed Chief Justice by Adams before leaving

office William Marbury (Fed.)- appointed justice of peace in D.C.

His appointment paperwork wasn’t delivered before Adams left office New Sec. of State James Madison, was told not to deliver by Thomas

Jefferson Jefferson hoped he would quit and allow him his Rep.

appointment Marbury asked that Supreme Court step in and order Madison to

deliver the documents, idea was based on Judiciary Act of 1789

Marbury v. Madison

THOMAS JEFFERSON TAKES OFFICE Chief Justice Marshall and the Supreme Court agreed

they couldn’t issue the order Declared Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional and

invalid Asserted Supreme Court’s right of judicial review=

power to decide whether laws were constitutional or not

JUSTICE MARSHALL

UNITED STATES EXPANDS WEST One of Jefferson’s strongest beliefs was

that a republic couldn’t survive without most people owning land Supported westward expansion

Louisiana Purchase Napoleon (French emperor) wanted to conquer

Europe Was at war with Great Britain and needed funding

In 1803, Napoleon offered to sell the Louisiana Territory and New Orleans to the U.S.

UNITED STATES EXPANDS WEST On April 30, 1803, U.S. purchased Louisiana for

$11.25 million (+ French debt owed to American citizens $3.75 million)= $15 million

More than doubled land size of U.S. and gained control of entire Mississippi River

UNITED STATES EXPANDS WEST Read The Lewis and Clark Expedition

pg. 224 Write a brief summary 3-5 sentences.

Read The Pike Expedition pg. 224 Write a brief summary 3-5 sentences.

Read The Essex Junto pg. 224 Write a brief summary 3-5 sentences.

RISING INTERNATIONAL TENSIONS President Jackson wanted to keep the U.S. out

of war b/w France and Great Britain Economic Warfare

At first, Americans benefited from war=opened trade with Caribbean

In 1806, Britain issued regulations=Orders in Council

Declared all ships going to Europe needed licenses and would be searched

In response, Napoleon stated if anyone followed the British system would have goods taken by the French

lose lose situation for Americans

RISING INTERNATIONAL TENSIONS Impressment

British turned to impressment= legalized form of kidnapping that forced people into military service

Captured Americans and forced them to join their navy

Boiling point= June 1807 British warship Leopard stopped American warship Chesapeake

Captain of the Chesapeake refused to comply, Leopard opened fire

Killed three and then seized four sailors

RISING INTERNATIONAL TENSIONS Economic Diplomacy

Attack on the Chesapeake enraged Americans Asked congress to pass Embargo Act of 1807

To stop trade between U.S. and Europe Embargo wound up hurting the U.S. more than France and

Britain Caused problems in the north with shipping and in the south and

west saw crop prices plummet Was repealed in March 1809

Pres. Jefferson retired to his home, Monticello, in Virginia

Limited power of federal gov’t Acquired territory in the West

EMBARGO ACT OF 1807