Jefferson, Madison & Monroe

REIGN OF THE DEM-REPUBLICANS

APUSH Mr. ButtellKey Concept 4.1 Part I-II

Federalists are upset with the failed war with France.

Mudslinging towards Jefferson becomes focal point of 1800 campaign

“Whispering Campaign” – fathered mulatto children, alleged atheist, bibles in

well.

MUDSLINGERS

ELECTION OF 1800

Jefferson won 73-65 over Adams but tied with Burr

his running mate.Tie moved the election to

House of Reps.House controlled by

FederalistsHamilton/Adams help

convince an end to gridlock12th Amend. Fixes this

problem in futureFederalist party slowly

disintegrates

GRIDLOCK IN THE ELECTION

To Jefferson, the Federalists had

betrayed the ideals of the RevolutionRestore the

republican experiment

Check the growth of government power

Halt decay of virtue.The transition was monumental because it was so peaceful and

orderly.Experiment in democracy was

working.

REVOLUTION OF 1800

New capital of D.C. March 4, 1801

Precedent of sending messages to congress by a

clerk.Scholarly citizen Jefferson, had trouble with, harassed

public official JeffersonMany look for turnover in appointed officials, many

were saddenedFederalists begin to fade, as does the D.R. reason to stay

united

THE MODERATE PRESIDENT

Pardoned those serving sentences under Sedition ActNaturalization Law of 1802 reduced the 14-year residency

requirement back to 5Albert Gallatin as Sec. of Treasury keeps many Hamilton

policies including the bank and tariffRepeals the Excise Tax

Debt was bad; Gallatin reduced $83m in 1801 to $45m by 1812

Jefferson restraint helps with party transition

JEFFERSONIAN RESTRAINT

Judiciary Act of 1801 passed before Adams left

office16 new federal judgeshipsAdams signed 3 the night

before he left office.

“Midnight Judges”D.R. Congress looked to

repeal the act and stall appointment of judges.

William Marbury sued the federal govt. for his appt.

THE JUDICIARY

Chief Justice John Marshall dismissed his suit

Marbury had right to the appt., but court did not have

power to enforce it.First time Supreme Court has

used Judicial Review and defined court’s authority to

review legislationKY and VA Resolution tried to

do this at the state level and failed

Judicial Branch is now as strong as the other two

branches

MARBURY V. MADISON

First action, reduce the military

Peaceful coercion is bestBarbary Pirates attacking US merchant ships in Med.Mini-war with Pasha of

TripoliJefferson sends in small

naval fleetTreaty of Tripoli signed after 4 years of fighting

JEFFERSON, A RELUCTANT WARRIOR

Jefferson sent J. Monroe and R. Livingston to Paris to

negotiate the sale of New Orleans and land to the east

for $10 millionIf this failed, an alliance

with Britain would be neededNapoleon had failed to

reclaim Haiti and wanted to end his lull with Britain.

Money Talks!!!How much for everything?$15 million for the whole

thingSenate approved, US doubled

LOUISIANA

LEWIS AND CLARK AND SACAJAWEA

Hamilton exposes Burr’s involvement with extremist Federalists secession plans

Burr challenges Hamilton to duel and kills him with one

shotBurr fled and joined up with General Wilkinson of the LA

TerritoryPlanned to attack Mexico

and FLBurr caught and tried for treason but found not-guilty

by John Marshall

WHERE IN THE WORLD IS AARON BURR???

Too weak to go to warEurope needs us so badly we will

stop selling goods/food to themEmbargo Act of 1807 passedNorthern harbors filled with

abandoned ships, unemployment skyrocketed

Southern farmers had stockpiles of un-exportable goods

Illicit trade begins along the Canadian border

Federalist party reviving, Congress repeals Act three days

before Jefferson’s retirement

THE HATED EMBARGO

Underestimated the determination of British.Bumper crops blessed the British IslesLatin America opened door to trade.

Napoleon had Europe under control and could tighten his belt.

French seized American shipsEmbargo wasn’t tight enough to achieve net results.

Leaky embargo was costly

WHY DID EMBARGO ACT FAIL???

YES!!! Yankee ingenuity forced us

to open new factories and reopen old ones.

America’s industrial might was laid behind the

protective wall of the embargo, Non-Intercourse

Act and War of 1812 Jefferson the critic of

factories did more for American business than

Hamilton????

ANY GOOD OUT OF THE EMBARGO???

Presidential Election of 1808

Assumes presidency March 4, 1809

Factions in his own party and Cabinet

Congress dismantles Embargo Act and replaces

with other worthless economic restrictions.

Republican congressmen from the West were certain that Britain was to blame

for all their economic woes.

PRESIDENT MADISON’S GAMBLE

Dolly Madison: The President’s Greatest

Asset

12th Congress brings in new “hot heads” from South and West dubbed “war hawks”

Angry about impressment Renewed Indian threat out West

Tecumseh and Teskwatawa – The Prophet (Shawnee

brothers) formed confederacy of tribes east of Mississippi

Tecumseh urged not to cede land to whites unless all agreed

War Hawks felt Canada was helping them with weapons

TECUMSEH AND THE PROPHET

“War Hawks”

Henry Clay [KY]

John C. Calhoun [SC]

Britain arming hostile Indians

Rallying cry of the War Hawks “On to Canada, On to

Canada” Southern expansionist looking at a weak Spanish

Florida Assertion of American rights

is inevitable Madison asks Congress to

declare war on June 1, 1812 Federalists in North were

horrified!! Here we go again!!!!

MR. MADISON’S WAR

Invasion of Canada fails, ends in retreat to Detroit

1813, American raiders burn Toronto

Commodore O. Perry defeats a small British flotilla on Lake

Eerie Gen. William H. Harrison wins

at the Battle of Thames, kills Tecumseh

1814, Brits fight back, attacking Washington City, burning the

Capitol and White House In the South, Jackson wins at

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

MR. MADISON’S WAR

PEACE AND VICTORY

By 1815, Britain wanted peace, and began peace talks

at Ghent, BelgiumSigned on Christmas Eve 1814, retained the prewar

bordersFinal victory on January 8,

1815 in Battle of New Orleans.

Brits lost 700 men, and 2,000 wounded, just 13 Americans died and 58

woundedJackson becomes national

heroVictory undercuts the

Hartford Convention demands for change

McCulloch v. Maryland Federal state bank branches refused to pay tax, infringed

on national powersGibbons v. Ogden struck

down NY law giving monopoly on steamboat service from NYC to NJ;

congress control interstate commerce

Fletcher v. Peck and Dartmouth v. Woodward

both cases dealt with obligations of contract and

prohibited states from impairing those contracts

THE FEDERALIST LEGACY

J. Q. Adams – son of Federalist and negotiated the Treaty of

Ghent. Served as Sec. of State under

Pres. Monroe Negotiated Rush-Bagot Treaty

limiting naval battles on the Great Lakes region

In 1818, negotiated the 49th parallel as border between Canada and LA Purchase

1819, Adams-Onis Treaty, persuaded Spain to cede FL to

the U.S. in return for TX to Spain

1823, The Monroe Doctrine, written by J. Q. Adams,

declared all European powers to stay out of W. Hemisphere

SEC. OF STATE JOHN QUINCY ADAMS

After 2 decades of consensus between party leaders, the Era of Good

Feelings is ushered inThe Republican party split

between the National Faction (old Federalists) led

by Clay and J. Q. AdamsThe Jeffersonian Faction (old Dem-Republicans) led by Van Buren and Jackson

This will result in two new parties and the death of the

original Federalists

ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS