(continued on back cover)

Long forms Short forms

Present simple of be

I " -you arehe isshe is

*."*"you arethey are

Present simpleI likeyou likehe likesshe likesit likeswe likeyou Iikethey like

Present continuous

I am working i ; , ; . , : , ,you are working''^he is workingshe is workingit is workingwe are workingyou:rre workingthey are working

Past simple of be

I wasyou werehe wasshe wasrI wilswe wereyou werethey were

I am notyou are nothe is notshe is notit is notwe are notyou are notthey are not

I do not likeyou do not likehe does not likeshe does not likeit does not likewe do not likeyou do not likethey do not like

I am not workingyou are not workinghe is not workingshe is not workingit is not workingwe are not workingyou are not workingthey are not working

I was notyou were nothe *as notshe was notlt was notwe were notyou were notthey were not

I was not workingyou were not workinghe was not workingshe was not workingitwas noiwbrkingwewere notworkingyou were not workingthev were not working

Itmyoutrehe'sshe'sit'swe'reyou'rethey're

I'm workingyou're workinghe's workingshe's workingit's workingwe're workingyou're workingthe1"1g working

I'm notyou aten'the isn'tshe isn'tit isn'twe aren'tyou aren'tthey aren't

I don't likeyou don't likehe doesn't likeshe doesn't likeit doesn't likewe don't likeyou don't likethev don't like

I'm not workingyou aren't workinghe isn't workingshe isn't workingit isn't workingwe aren't workingyou aren't workingthey aren't working

I wasn'tyou weren'the wasn'tshe wasn'tit wasn'twe weren'tyou weren'tthey weren't

didn't help

didn't go

I wasn't workingyou weren't workinghe wasn't workingshe wasn't workingit wasn't workingwe weren't workingyou weren't workingthey weren't working

am I?are you?is he?is she?is it?are we?are you?are they?

do I like?do you like?does he like?does she like?does it like?do we like?do you likedo they like?

arn I working?:rre vou working?is he working?is she working?is itworking?are we working?are yori working?are they working?

was I?were you?was he?was she?was it?were we?were you?were they?

did. . . help?

-did. . .go?

was I working?were you working?was he working?was she working?was it working?were we working?were you working?were they working?

Past simple of regular verbshelped did not help

Past simple of irregular verbswent did not go

Past continuous

I was workingyou were workinghe was workingshewasworkinS ="-

-it was workingwe were workjngyou were workingthey were working

Questions

Contents

I Are you running away,?

2 Who inventedjeans?

3 We've repaired the car

4 Have )/ou seen Ben?

5 Horv much do you want?

6 FIe's good at drawing

7 Could vou help us?

8 She lets Ben do an,vthing

I The film had almost finished

l0 I 've bought you a preserlt

11 She said that I was lying

12 You needn't learn

13 I t must be ajoke

L4 They are both from Liverpool

If I had more money . . .

The photo I like best

It needs cutting

Fage

Present simple or present continuous? 4

Past simple or past continuous? 8

Present perfect simple or present perfect 72continuous?

Present perfect simple or past simple?

Questions

ing form;so/neither do I etc.

would, could for requests;Uncountable nouns

let, make;Indirect speech (present)

Past perfect simple;Past perfect continuous

Verbs with two objects;Time clauses

Indirect speech in the past

mustn't, needn't;had better, would rather

must, can't for deductions;so, such

both, neither;all, none

Conditional sentences type 2

Relative clauses

need./want + ing;have / get some thing done

16

20

21

28

32

36

{:

{5

5i)

il

f,Ei'

ffi

Eb

il

l5

16

r7

II

-l

)

I

I

-1I

I

I

)

t -II

I

I

18 Nick told Ben . . .

19 You ought to turn it down

20 I wish mv nose was shorter

Has the thief been found?

The plane is being repaired

I want to be a doctor

If you hadn't . . .

25 Play it more slowly

Do you want to go ?

They won't have finished

28 Going to Cornwall

Indirect questiohs;Indirect commands and requests

ought to, should;Phrasal verbs

Question tags;wish + past simple;Plural nouns

The passive: simple forms

The passive: continuous andinfinitive forms

Verbs with to + infinitive

Conditional sentences type 3;may, might for possibility

Comparison of adverbs;wish + past perfect

Verbs with to + infinitive or ing form

Future perfect simple and continuous;Present simple for future time

Tense review

Fage

74

.96

100

t04

116

78

82

86

92

2L

22

23

24

108

t12

26

27

Present simple

JENNv What's wrong? Are you running awav fromsomething?

JANE Yes, a horrible green lizard on a skateboard ischasing me.

JENNv That isn't alizard. That's Trig, an alien fromTriglon. He's very friendly.

JANE I don't care who he is, I don't like him. I don'tusually talk to aliens. Merton is a verv strangetown.

JENNY Arevounewhere?

JANE Yes. I live in Kingsley, but my brother Benand I are stayingwith myAunt Sarah and mvcousin Mike for afew months. I haven't got anyfriends here.

JENNv Well, f'm going to the cinema with mv brothertonight. Do you want to come?

JANE Yes, thanks. I love films . . . But is Trig coming?

Grarrmar lesson

Present simpleWe use the present simple

r, for things that repeatedly happen (ordon't happen) especially with ahva;rs,often, usually, sometimes, never, everyday etc.:

s for things and facts which do not usuallychange:

r with verbs such as like,love, hate, dislike,know, believe, think:

or present continuous? I

I

Ir

Present continuousWe use the present continuous

r for something that is happening at themoment of speaking, often with now,at the moment, today etc.:

Are you runnhtg awq from something?

r for something that is happening for alimited time in the present:

r to talk about future plans, often with timeexpressions such as nextweek, onTuesday, fqnighf;

Is Tiig coming?

trf_tttr_tt

li&

Ll. \ t^ --Yi l{ 'j :-l i:- -.: :

Fit the he/she/itforms of these verbs inthe present simple into the puzzle.

do be beginhurry have mix y'

Fit the ing forms of these verbs into the ptzzle.

forget choose y' hitrhake happen

," t ' ] : _i ̂ t t : : : : , : l J, '

Debbie Foster is returning to Nlerton. She haswon an Olmpic medal for swimming. What'shappening? Use the verbs from the box in thepresent condnuous to complete the sentences.

come v get out enterstop ry rideshake stand wave

Now the car t^ CoTnLn4 round

the corner.

Tlvo policemen on motor bikes

in front of the car.

l ie

A policeman

traffic.

Some people

Now Debbie

The IVIavor

lvith her.

Now Debbie

hall.

7 Jenny and Nick

what's happening.

8 Trig

the

flags.

4

5

of the car.

hands

the town

on Nick's

shoulders.

Chapter I

[o see

3 Do you watch too much television?These people were asked if theywatched toomuch television. Here are their answers.

Yes, I think I do. I'm acartoon fan. I nevermiss a single one. Ispend three or fourhours a day in front ofthe TV.

Say if these sentences are true or false.Correct the false statements.

True.

Fake. She doesn't uatch gamz shows.I Dave likes video clips.2 Marion watches TV for three or four

hours aday.

Jill plays the piano.Max never misses a single cartoon.Jill does her homework in the evenings.Marion reads the TVguide fromcover to cover.Dave watches TV for an hour a day.Max hates cartoons.

Jill phones her friends when shecomes home from school.Dave spends five hours a day in frontof the TV.Max watches TV for an hour a day.Dave always knou's what's on TV.Marion likes video clips.Dave hates game shows.Max thinks that he warches too much TV.

oJ

456

I

I

/

t_LLr_

MAX

MARION

DAVE

No, I don't. I haveother things to do. Iplay the piano andread. I watch natureprogrammes, but Idon't usually knowrvhat's on TV.

I don't think that Irvatch too much TV.lrvatch for about anhour a day. I like videoclips but I think gameshows are stupid. I readthe TV guide fromcover to cover, so Ialways knowwhat's on.

Yes, I do. As soon as Icome home fromschool I turn on theTV. I sometimes watchfor about five hours aday. My Mum doesn'tsay anything. I do mj,homework in themornings when I'mfresh.

Work with a partner. fuk and answer fivequestions with do or does. Give short answers.

PARTNER No, he doesn't.

telnision?PARTNER Yes, they do.

Write your own opinion in a short paragraph.Do you watch too much television?What do you like? What don'r you like?

nI

89

10

11I21314l5

t_

I

I don't watch too much

Chapter I

J

IJ

li

J

I

I-

- ! De:ec: i* t :s l : ' , r - : i

Tom and Nick are watching the house across thestreet. Something strange is happening.Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or thepresent continuous to make correct sentences.

roM \Mhat > arc yow ,ltatvg (you stare) at?

NrcK There's a man at theJohnsons' house. He> d^oeA'rit he (not live) there. I wonder

what he l (do).

roM Perhaps he (visit) theJohnsons.

NrcK No. Thev're not at home. Thev both I

(work) in town. They 1 (catch) the

same train as Dad every morning. It's strange. He

(look) at the house very carefully.

Tor{ Norv he (try) to open the gate, but

it 's iocked. Lookl He (climb) over the

garden rvall. I can't see him now.

Let's follow him. I want to see what he

/

l(do).NICK

TO}I

} IAN

Het0

window!

NrcK He must be a burglar . . .l2

(go) to the garage. He

(carrv) a ladder. Norv he

(put) the ladder up to the bedroom

Hev! You! What

mage to

(know)

I1

I t 'IJ

(you do)?

s all right, boys. I'm an insurance agent. I

(examine) the storm da

the roof. TheJohnsons

that I 'm here.

t4

nnI . . ] IJ

, . t I I

EItJ

Chapter I

2 Who invented jeans? Past simple or past continuous? ttttttt

ToM You've got mud on yourjeans.

NrcK So what? The prospectors' jeans were, much dirtier.

roM You mean during the Californian GoldRush? Did theywearjeans then?

NrcK They say that the prospectors were thefirst people to wear jeans. They didn'twear their best clothes to look for gold,you know.

ToM Who inventedjeans?

NrcK Levi Strauss made the first pair ofjeansin America in 1850. He was a tailor. Hewas travelling from New York to SanFrancisco, when he met some men whowere digging for gold in a cold, muddyr iverand.. .

Grammar lesson

Past simpleWe form the past simple with ed or d forregular verbs.

invent -r invented live --+ lived

Irregular verbs have a special form. Look atthe list at the back of the book.

wear -+ WOre meet --+ met

We use did + infinitive without to forquestions, and did not or didn't + infinitivewithout to for the negative.

ThE didn't wear their best clothes.

We use the past simple for an action thatstarted and finished in the past, often with atime expression.

Past continuousWe form the past continuous withwasr/were + an ing form.

We make questions and negative formslike this:

He uas not (on utam't) trauelling to NanYork.

We use the past continuous for an action thatwas already happening at a particular time inthe past.

Past simple or past continuous?\Arhen one action interrupts another, we usethe past continuous and the past simpletogether in one sentence.

We use ihe past continuous (was travelling)for the longer a-ction and the past simple(met) for the shbrter'interrupting' action.

Francisco when he met some mzn.

Ltr

--

-

T

rL

t_

2: (

<?

\t

a.KEN

RE

FW

AV

NO

OU

RO

G

K

F

B

j

J

a.

Ho* -u.ruv'erbs

in the past simple can you find?Are there fourteen, sixteen or eighteen?

CAMExco

T}IR

zsA

ERE

EEA

\,VAT

NDK

UGH

VIEV

LTNA,

Y KW

xGo

J AR

ooK

xxE

TZD

SE

EN

TX

BV

KW

RA

ID

EX

TZ

xz

EH

AS

NZ

KW

' l i l : - ,v3: : : j l : ' ; C:a: l l f , '

Jennv went to u 0u.,... When Jl. arriu.d, this is what she satr'.

I I-\

--'/ I\,J-,- \

\,\brk with a partner. Study the picture for one minttte,then cover it. Take turns to read the questions andgive answers using the past continuous.

or a girl?A girl uas standing near the uindou.What was the girl near the window doing?How many people were standing near,thefood?What was the girl in the corner doing?

<>

lVhatwas the girl in the cornerwearing?How many people were dancing?Was anybody sitting on the floor?How many people were playing cards?Was anybody sleeping?lVho was singing? A boy or a girl?Was anybody drinking cola?

I2

45

6789

t0

3 Howjeans came to America

Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or Past continuous.

LLLLLLLL:

-

LLLL-

rI

l l

l4

l8

20

l3

16

t7

Levi Strauss> U.m.&

of Germany. When heI

But the mayor and Levi's parents

them to marry.

Levi's parents 1

his brothers 5

tailors and they

In 1850. Levi 9

to San Francisco when hel0

weather was bad. Itt2

Suddenly Levi15

The menl9

Strauss91

in France. That's howjeans 3

(come) from a small town in the south

(fall) in love with

(be) ayoung man, he

the mayor's daughter.

(notwant)

(send) him away to NewYorkwhere

(live). They (be)

(teach) him to sew.

(take) somesailcloth from NewYork

(meet) some men. They

(dig) for gold in the streams and rivers. The

(rain) and the wind

(blow). The men were cold because they

(wear) only thin trousers.

(have) an idea. He

(use) the sailcloth which he

(transport) to make Eousers for the men. Then he

(sew) on metal studs to make them stronger.

(love) the trousers but they

(not like) the yellow-grey colour. So when Levi

(open) a tailor's shop in San Francisco, he

(import) a special thick blue material from Nimes

(become) blue.

Chapter 2

I

A'aa

a

I His parents sent him to America. (Where)

2 His brothers taught him to sew. (What)

and it l

3 In 1850 he set out for San Francisco. (When) When I ?

who 1

4 He met some prospectors on the way. (\Mho) He1

direction.

Suddenly,I I5 They were digging in a river. (\Ahere)

Where did he come from?Use the words in brackets to write questionsabout Levi Strauss.

Whe,r<. d+d h,e au*- fwn?

6 They were wearing thin trousers. (What)

7 FIe was taking sailcloth to California. (What)

He made trousers from the sailcloth.(What. . . from)

I The men didn't like the colour. (\,Vhv)

He imported blue material from France.(Where. . . from)

Read aboutJane's frightening experience.Put the verbs in brackets in the past simpleo:' the past continuous.

Ptc'1.

e A IngntI

-

4

4

J

t

t

t

{

J

J

J

J

II

1> Uu'!h'L (catch) the nine o'clock bus

home last nieht. 11> urtuJ (get) dark

(rain) hard as well.

(get off) the bus,

there was no one in the street, onlv an old man

(take) his dog for a walk.

(walk) in the opposite

(hear) footsteps

behind

but the

nearer.

faster, a

fright.

I finally

just as I

me. I9t r7

(begin) to run

(come) nearer and

(run) faster and

(reach) home, but

(put) the key in the

(feel) a hand on my

I9(shake) with

door, I t2

shoulder.

A man's voice t3 (sav), 'Excuse

me Miss, here's your umbrella. Youl4 (leave) it on the bus.'

Think of an experience or a situation whichfrightened you. Write a short paragraph aboutit. Include where you were, what you weredoing and what suddenly happened.

Read your story to the class.

ndI9

10

l l

l -JI

10

Chapter 2

3 We'\'e repaired the car presenr perfect simple orpresent perfect continuous?

JENNv Nick, you're covered with oil. What haveyou been doing?

NrcK Well,Jane's cousin Mike has bought anold car, and it has been making strangenoises, so we have been helping him torepair it.Jane and I have been workingon it for hours. We'vejust finished.We've cleaned all the parts. The enginelooks like new.

JENNv But Nick, you have never repaired a carbefore. . .

);rcK It's easl'. And look, I've found all theseextra screl\rs.

t_.t

t__.|

-r

L.-

t-

rI

-....-

-

-i--

LLLLr

Grammar lesson

Present perfect simpleForm

have or has + past participle

Look at the back of the book for a list ofirregular verbs and their past participles.

Use

We use the present perfect simple

u for a completed action with just, alreadyand yet:

E for a completed action which has aneffect or result in the present:

(result: The engine looks like new.)

z, for a completed action at an unknown orunstated time, often with ever and never:

Present perfect continuousForm.

have been or has been + ing

he has bem working

Use

We use the present perfect continuous

r for an action that begins in the past andcontinues up to the present. The actionmay be finished or unfinished:

r with for and since and how long toemphasize how long an action has beenhappening: -

r often with the long acrion verbs play,learn, do, wait, live, rain, work, sleep etc.:

lLl "'

Chapter 3

It_

I

I_

II

II

II

J

II

R-ng t-ne past participlesHow many past participles can you find? Becareful! Some words are in the past simple form.

KXDRAw'NS

NZJUTRST

OZENEIPO

WUil IYZTOL

NTRANTKE

a.wASSEEN

DRTVENNa.

NXGONEa.Z

Round the class, say the infinitive, past simpleand past participle forms of the verbs you havefound.

past simple past participleuas been

LS

ow

WA

N IVl

TA

FE

SH

Azq

TFR

EXS

NWE

KEN

LLA,

AKE

infinitive

I

I

2 The race

a

I Driver 3 has fallen out.2 Car 7 has lost its steering wheel.3 Cars I and 3 have crashed.4 Car I has lost a wheel.5 Driver I has fallen into the water.6 Car 7 has got stuck in the mud.7 Driver 4 has driven into a tree.8 Car 3 has a flat tyre.9 Car I has overturned.

l0 Car 4 has won

II

i

II

J

Ia

I

--

II

I

IJ

IJ

I

t

!

Look at rvhat has happened in the race. Readthe sentences and put a y' to show if they are true or false.

True False

MTNMNTnxNT!n!TNTnnNT!nntr

Work with a partner.Ask and answer four questions about the race.

PARTNER No, he hasn't.

pARTNER Cars I and 7 haue lost zuheek.

S^<-X

Chapter 3

LL

3a

ActivitiesWrite new sentences using the presentcontinuous with for.

Ja'n*- /'n"t bzLt+ ta*rng tauittn!.?/3.t4141 to7- -.. U?ZrS.

1 Jenny plays the piano. She started in 1988.

Tom collects football posters. He started in1987.

3 Nick goes to a youth club. He started in 1990.

4 Paul draws cartoons. He started in 1989.

5 Jane collecs old bottles. She started in 1988.

Tom plays football for the school team. Hestarted in 1989.

Pam takes riding lessons. She started in 1991r

t__

l_Marion writes to a pen-friend in Athens. She

11 Jill goes to karate lessons. She started in

12 Ann writes poems. She started in 1990.

b Say the answers to (a) with since.

Jane has been takingtennis hssons since 1991. D

started in 1989. I

-10 Peter works in a supermarket on Saturdayr. LHe started in 1992.

re87r

f

t

4 I have been collecting . . .On a piece of paper, write a sentence about ahobby or sport thatyou do regularly. Use thepresent perfect continuous with for or since tosay how long you have been doing it.

Do not write your name on the paper.

-The teacherwill collect all the papers "ia

giu.them to different students.

Take turns to guess whose paper you have gol fContinue until you have found the right person. l-

I lv,ue bet L @V fufl'htflah'* f* tun gurt.

hetchup labek fm two years?

GEoRGE Yes, I haae. oR No, I haam't.

LLChapter 3

a

Ia

It

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lI

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I

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I

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,

3

4

J

6

4t

8

9

10

3

a

14hat have th"y been doing?Complete the sentences with the present perfect simpleor the present perfect continuous.

magazine. She hasn't finished ityet.

I Ben (look) for his pen-knife,

but he hasn't found it yet.

Jenny (wait) for the bus for half

an hour, but it hasn't arrived yet.

Nick (play) a computer game

for two hours and he's still playing.

Mike hasn't finished painting his car yet. He

(work) on it for two weeks.

Amanda (not come) home yet.

She has been shopping in town since l0 o'clock.

Mike's car (make) strange

noises. Nick andJane have cleaned all the parts.

Ben'has been drawing cartoons for two hours. He

(not finished) yet.

Amanda has been waiting forJenny in town.Jenny

(not arrive) yet.

Jane. has been knitting a pullover. She

fiust finish) it.

Tt

J\\^5=r

\J4Fo

I I

t2

(rain) all day and it hasn't

stopped yet.

Mr Blake has been marking tests all evening but he

(not find) a perfect one yet.

Trig (practise) the present

perfect, but he hasn't got it right.

Think of ajob or activity that you have started but havenot finished, for example, something that you aremaking, reading or drawing. Write a short paragraphabout it. Say how long you have been doing it.

c3>+

I have got it right!

l'"r lc.n

iT{"bo"

4r...

Chapter 3

3 flave you seen the film?

Cross out the wrong verb forms.

Yesterday Nick > metltMet Paul and Ben on his way to school.

'Metal Man Strihes Bach is on at the cinema. I Have you seen/Did you see

i t? ' 2 has asked/asked Nick.

'No.I 3 haven't gone/didn't go to the cinema for months.'

4 answered/has answered Paul. ' I 5 haven't been/wasn't since my

birthday.'

'But I 6 saw/have seen Metal Man Strih.es Bach II and TheFly's Reuenge,'

7 said/has said 8 have seen/saw them last week in Bristol. MyBen. ' I

cousin's fr iend t has given,/gave us two special passes. We saw eight films

in two days,' 10 has explained/explained Ben. 'But I can't remember

any of them.'

- . . ]l

q::?

rI4 Haveyouever. . .?

Practise making dialogues with your partner by usingthe information in the table. Then fill in the emptypart of the table with your own ideas and make newdialogues with your partner.

Haue you aner been to Spain?PARTNER Yes. I haue.

When did you go there?PARTNER I went there tuo years ago.

What/Whne Whm

YOU

go

see

watch

read

hear

What/TVhere When

to Spa/r-

frfuToatr ol Lond"ot+

thz h,b.u Sl'lnu)

frz,nkpn*Ain

tuo qeart a:qo

w tqql

Larfr ftislt,-two tytotbl-u aAo-hrt hreeka. ru^il,b platt

-

Chapter 4

5 How much do you want? QuestionsI-J_l_lf .

NrcK Can you lend me some money until theweekend?

ToM Have you spentyour pocket moneyalready? How much do you want?

NrcK Howmuchhaveyou got?

ToM Not much. Do you need more than apound?

NrcK flaven't you got more than that?

roM No. Sorry. I had to buy a new light for mybike yesterday. Why don't you asksomeone else?

NrcK Why did you need a new light? Whathappened?

roM Someone knocked my bike over andbroke the front light.

NrcK Who knocked it over? Why didn't they payfor it?

roM I don't know.I didn't see who did it.

Grammar lesson

Questions1 In yes/no questions the auxiliaryverb

comes first. The subject comes next, thenthe verb.

Compare:

(Who is the subject.)Who did Nich see?(Nick is the subject.Who is the object.)

To make a negative question we add n't tothe auxiliary verb. Negative questions canexpress surprise or regret.

Why didn't thE payforit?

With Why don't you/we. . . ? we canmake suggestions.

Can you lend me money? Yes/No.Have you spent it already? Yes/No.Do you need a poundi Yes/No.

r 1__J

Questions which ask for informationbegin with question words: where, when, lwhat, who, which, why, whose, how, how -lmuch etc. We put the question wordbefore the auiiliary u.ib. t

How much have you got? :Why did you need it?

If who or what is the subject, the verb inthe question is the same as it would be in 'an affi rmative sentence.

subject.)What happened? (What is the subjecr.) -

If who or what is the object of the verb, rwe make the question with a form of do.

-=.-

_r_T

-I

JChapter 5

What kind of person are you?Complete the questions with the correct form of be,have or do. Then ask your partner the questions andput a y' in the correct box.

t i

a

-

I

9

oJ

4

J

b

I

8

9

10

l1

r213

T4

I5

ArcDo

you sometimes shy?

you enjoy puzzles?

you sometimes day-dream?

you ambitious?

your room usually tidy?

you like getting up early in the morning?

clothes important to you?

you serious about sports?

being fit important to you?

you worry when you make mistakes?

you often bored?

you cry during sad films?

you laugh a lot?

you ever written a poem?

you ever get angry?

some colours make you feel happy?

you got a lot of hobbies and interestsi

yes no

XMMNTInnINTNt rnTNTNnnnnntrt r !nnT!t rTln

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Who did it?Last Saturday night someone shot the actorHenry Farthing at his flat in London. InspectorSoames wants to know the answers to thesequestions.

Put in the correct question words: who, what,when, where, why, how, orhowmuch.Sometimes two answers are possible.

I was the motive?

2 is the main suspect?

3 information have the police got?

4 happened on the night of the

murder?

did Farthing go rvhen he left the

house?

did he meet?

did he meet him at six o'clock?

saw Farthing last?

did the murderer get into

Farthing's flat?

does JanetJones, his girlfriend,

know?

did Farthing phone her that

evening?

is the gun?

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Chapter 5

3 All about sharksUse the words in brackets to make questionsabout sharks.

(How many)How rnnnt fupu of slqn*A,rc tt42t9?

Sharks live in oceans, but some live in lakesand rivers. (Where)

Whzt<, d^o sha,ila thn?

Sharks eat fish, seals, crabs and sea birds -and sometimes surfboards. (What)

2 The Whale Shark is the largest shark. (Which)

Sharks' teeth can be 7.5 centimetres long.(How long)

4 Sharks can have 3,000 teeth. (How many)

Sharks find their preywith their sense ofsmell. (How)

The Megamouth sharkwas discovered in1983. (When)

Millions of sharks are killed worldwide everyyear. (How

-*y)

8 Soup can be made from sharks. (What)

In Florida about 120,000 sharks are killedeveryyear. (How many)

Fewer than 100 people are attacked bysharks every year. (How many)

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Are there any sharks in Merton Pond?

Chapter 5

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ilIystery manRead the m)'ster)'man's answers and write thequestions. Then guess who it is.

I was born in 1947.

I was born in the States.

I first use.l a movie camera when I was a boy.

I filmed toy trains.

I started directing TV programmes when Iwas 21.

I made Jaws in 1975.

E. T was my biggest success.

It made more than 700 million dollars.

I have also directed IndianaJones, The ColorPurple and Hooh.

The mystery man's name is

\!ho? lfhat? When?Vlake three quiz questions about each fact.Begin rvith who, what or when.

Uranus in 1781.Wrc discoaered Uranus?Wen did Hsrschel discoun Urar'us?Wat did Herschel discousr in 1781?When was Uranus discouered?

1 Edison invented the l ight bulb in 1879.2 Howard Carter discovered the tomb of

Tutankhamun in 1922.3 Henry Dunant founded the Red Cross

in 1864.4 Daniel Defoe wrote Robinson Crusoe in 1719.

Make quiz questions about the history of yourcountry. Write five questions with who, when,where, what or how. Ask your questions roundthe class.

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SuggestionsWith a partner, make suggestions withWhydon' tyou.. .?

You lt's hot in here.PARTITER Wy don't you open a zuindow?

I'm thirsty.I 've got a headache.I 'm t i red.I've got a lot of homework to do.I 'm hungry.My bicycle is dirty.My feet are wet.I 'm cold.I'm always short of money.Mv watch is broken.

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Chapter 5

6 He's good at drart,ing ing form; so,/neither do I etc.

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TOM

JENNY

JANE

AMANDA

TOM

\ICK

JENNY

NICK

TO ]\I

NICK

fl cr,unt.. o

I have an idea. We all need money', sohow about*itirg and selling anewspaper?

That's a good idea, Tom. But is anybodyinterested in \ riting articles?

Well, I like uriting stories. So does Ann.

So do I. And I enjoymakingup quizzesand puzzles.

I don't mind interviewing people.

Neither do I.

How about asking Paul to do thedrav"ings? He's good at drawing cartoons.

So am I.

No, you're not. You can't drawanything.

Neither c:rnyou. Anylra;l I'd like towrite about cleaning up the environment.Everybody's interested in that.

Grammar lesson

ing formWe use an ing form

I after the verbs like,love, enjoy, dislike,hate, can't help, don't mind, start, finish:

f *jq maktngup quize,es.I don't mind intqvieuing people.

2 after prepositions about, at, in etc.:

drawings?He's uery good at drawing cartoons.\\ho's interested in witi,ng artichs?

so/neither do I etc.We use so . . . to agree with affirmativestatements and neither . . . to agree withnegative statements.

If be, have, do, can, could, should, will, mustetc. are used in the original statement, we usea form of the same verb after so-or neither.

So am I. So are Tbm and Mihe.

You can't drau.Neither can you.

But if the verb in the statement is an ordinaryverb (like, enjoy, know etc.), we use a form ofdo after so and neither.

So does Ann. So do I.

I don't mind intrui,ewing p eoplc.Neither do I. Neithu does Tbm.

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newspaper

Put the verbs in brackets in the ing form.

NrcK People are tired of >ra&uV-

(read) about the same old things in

newspapers.

JENNY Have you got any new ideas?

NrcK , Wel l , I 'm good at I

(write) about football.

JENNv That 's not new! Can't you think of

(do) anything else?

NrcK Whv? Isn't evervbodv crazv about

(play) football?

JENNY No. How about 1 (have)

a music page? You're fond of

( l isten) to music.

NrcK And we could have a joke column. I 'm

good at 6- ( te l l ) jokes.

Are vou good at drawing?\Aiite true answers to the questions with verbs inthe ing form.

No, I'm nrt. Bul, I arngod- at,

onYu I an+. f 'm a,ha ,arod. aL

2 Are you interested in collecting stamps?

3 Are you bored with watching television?

4 Are you good at saving money?

Are vou interested in reading computermagazines?

Are you tired of doing English exercises?

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JENNY Are you stil lJ (do) an article about

the environment?

NrcK Of course. And I 've got an idea. How

about 8- (organize) a

competition? Readers have to suggest

ways of 9- (make) schools

'greener'. They should send in ideas on10 (reduce) waste paper

lnterested ln

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,

I'm tired of makingmistakes.

like stopping exams, tests, essays . . .

Chapter 6

He loves playing chessHow good ajudge of character are you? Look

at the three people and say five sentences abouteach of them with words from each box. Usethe ingform.

likelovehatedislikenot mindenjoy

wash up drive fast carsplay football read about philosophysew play chesstake exercise fix the carsleep late listen to musiceatpizza

MISS MAY LARRY PROFESSOR PERKS

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\4lhat Ben can doBen has written sentences about himself. Maxand Ann have put a ,/ to show that the same istrue for them or a x to show that it isn't uue forthem.

Make sentences about Ben and his friends withneither or so, like this:

5 Cornpare yourself with othersSay six sets of sentences about what you have incommon with other people (looks, interests, likes,dislikes etc.). Include sentences with so . . . orneither. . .

My hrother colkcts insects. So do 1. onMy cousin doesn't like mushrooms. Neithn do L

I Mybrother/sister/cousin2 My father3 My mother4 My best friend5 The pupil next to me6 Our teacher

BEN

Ben likes basketball. So does Ann.

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I have been to Spain.I am not shy.

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Ben can't speah Greeh. Neither can Max or Ann.

I have gotapet. M MI don'tlike country music. M tr

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I don't know how to dance. E M

Amanda doesn't likemice. Neither do L

Chapter 6

ilIatch the speakersMatch the statements to the answers.Who is speaking to whom?

I ;ENNv

PETER

JANE

TRIG

MARToN Neither could I.

I would like to have a new bicycle.

3 peur I don't like going to the dentist's. BRIAN

4 AMANDA I can't dance very well.

2 seu

5 Nrcx I have bought a new cassette.

6 BEN

I'm going to the popconcert. tomorrow.

'1((( t t \ ) tti: '" t\qfti ))/^)hI won't be fourteen until next year.

Neither will I.

TOM

JAMES

So would I.I like pizza.

I couldn't do the Maths test.

7 oavn SIMON

Chapter 6

7 Could you help us? would, could for requests;Uncountable nouns

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NrcK Mike, have vou heard about ournewspaper?

MrKE Yes, I have. It sounds like a great idea.But I expect you'll need some help.

NrcK Well, we need some advice and a lot ofinformation. Would you help us with afew things?

MrKE Of course. \Arhat can I do?

NrcK Could you drive us to interviews? Andcould I borrow your microphone andtape recorder?

Grammar lesson

would, couldWhen you ask for something, would andcould are more polite than can. We usewould you or could you when we asksomeone to do something.

We use could I and couldwe to ask forpermission.

Uncountable nounsWe can count nouns like book. They have asingular and a plural form.

Some nouns are uncountable.They have noplural form and they take a singular verb. Weuse them alone or with some/any, a lot of,notmuch, howmuch. We do not use themwith a/an or with numbers.

Kinds of food, materials (e.g. sand, gold,wood) and abstract nouns are oftenuncountable. Here are some more examples:

advice jewellery newsfun knowledge progressfurniture luggage traffichelp money workinformation music

information.

With a piece of we can make uncountablenouns countable: a piece of advice, twopieces of news.

The word hair is countable and uncountable.

A single hair is countable.

The hair on your head is uncountable.

7

F

. . . and could you lend us

some money for a

computer. And could I

Would you change the oil, please?Mike has taken his car to the garage.Here is his list ofjobs for the mechanic.\,!'hat does he say? Begin with Would you . . . ?

Wqu.U qow c,t1at14e tdte otL, pleaat T

I check the brakes

2 oil the doors

3 replace the broken light

4 check the tyres

5 repair the radio

6 put in a new battery

B"ittg politeMake requestswith CouldI. . . ? 7

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You are in a shoe shop. You want to try onthe black shoes in the shop window.

CourbL I *t ow tla blar* slues tn

tA,e windn^t, Flu,u?You are in a caf6. Ask for the bill.

You are at an airport check-in desk. Youwould like to have a window seat.

You are sitting in a restaurant. Ask someoneat another table for the salt.

You are having a meal at a friend's house.You would like some more potatoes.

You are in your English class. You want toborrow your teacher's dictionary.

You are in a restaurant. You would like touse the telephone.

Would you send the billto my mother, please?

Chapter 7

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\\'e have found a lot of interesting

about life in Ancient Egypt.

Most Egyptian children wenr to school when rhey u,ere eight.

There was sport for the boys only, which wasn't F/-".lr I

fun for the girls. The teachers were very strict, but the Egyptians

1 musics/music and most children learned to play an

3a

The Ancient EgrptiansDo you know these facts about the Ancient Eglptians?Cross out the wrong r.r'ords.

rnstrument.

Eglptian houses did not have as 2 much/manv

houses. The furniture 3 was/were

Iurnrture as our

usually made "t F-t4

nood, but rich people had furniture d.ecorated with tr;71ivorv or gold.

Their clothes were made of linen but in winter, some people wore

7f ^t] wool. Because of the hear, mosr people wore rheir

7 hair/hairs short. Rich people sometimes wore wigs.

\\bmen *o.. I 8 til beautifuljewellery. Eglpt had gold mines,

9 a lot of/many jewellerywas made of | 10 -/" I gold. All

men and women, whether rich or poor, wore make-up and perfume.

Thev got milk and 1l meat/meats from goats, and they ate a

lot of l2 fish/fishes . They sweetened their 13 food,/foods

with honey. Thev baked their 14 bread/breads in mud-brick

ovens. They also ate 15 a lot of/manv fruit.

Chapter 7

lb

III

Sav if the sentences are true or false. Correct cthe false ones.

furniture in their houses.False. Thq didn't haue muchfurniture in theirhouses.

True.

I We haven't found much information aboutlife in Ancient EgJpt.

2 Not much Egyptianjewellerywas made of gold.3 They didn't eat much fruit.4 They ate a lot of fish.5 The men wore make-up and perfume.6 The children had a lot of fun at school.

\Abrk rvith a partner. Ask and answer fourquestions about the Ancient Egyptians.Ask about their furniture, their clothes, theirjervellery, their hair or their food.

> you Did the Ancient Egptians wear theirhair long?

rARTNER No, thq wore their hair short.

4 Find the mystery word

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Which words are uncountable?Ring the uncountable words and fit them intothe puzzle (across) in order to find the mysteryword (down).

suitcase gold furniturecoin fact moneyprogress luggage slqrymusic news 6Danswer chair knowledgeweek sandwich song

The mvsterv word is:

Chapter 7

B She lets Ben do anythitg

JENNv What's wrong,Jane? You look upset.

JANE I u'ant to go sailing, but my aunt won'tlet me go. She's too strict. She lets Bendo everything, and he's younger thanme. Yesterday she let him watch TV untilmidnight. She makes me do the washingup every day, but she never makes Bendo anything. It isn't fair.

Later,Jennl' tells Nick aboutJane's problem.

JENliy Jane says that she wants to go sailing, buther aunt won't let her go. She says heraunt makes her do the washing up everydav but she never makes Ben doanvthing.

NrcK It's exactly the same at our house. Mummakes me tidy up and she never lets meplay loud music.

let, make; Ind.irect speech (present;E

Grammar lesson

let, makeAfter let and make we use an object +infinitive without to.

him do everything.me do the washing up.

Indirect speech (present)This is direct speech.

This is indirect (reported) speech.We can leave out that.

say is a reporting verb. If the reporting verbis in the present tense, there is no change oftense in indirect speech.

She says she wants to go sailing.(present indirect)

Sometimes other words change in indirect fspeech, for example, pronouns. L

Jane says that hq aunt won't lethu go. f( indirect) l_

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She letsShe makes

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Chapter 8

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It makes me laughWhat do these things make you or others do?Use words from each list to make ten sentences.

Onions don't make rne cr\.

onionspuzzlesjokespresentstoothachequizzesa new hair stylefunny cartoonsexercisesad films

make(s)doesn't/don't make

youmemy sister/brothermy friendsome people

feel happylaughcryfeel crossthinkfeel tiredfeel good

They let me have partiesSay four things from the box that your parentslet you do. Say four things that they don't letyou do.

They don't let mz stay out late.

have partiesstay out latego on holidaywith friendsbuy your own clothesgo out in the evenings alonebring friends homelisten to loud musicwear whatever clothes you wantwatch late films on TVtalk on the telephone for hoursspend los of money on records

What do your parents make you do?What don't they make you do?

, Write a short paragraph.

Here are some ideas:

keep all your things in your roomhelp at homeeat everything on your plateget up early on Sundaysdo homework every nightdo the washing upclean your shoes

TYe huu.mlltEfililtil yonnr son.

we have not hurt hirn.

FIe is riole and, rnre1.

You must not thepolice.

What does the note say? Finish telling what thenote says.

Thorntons' son. It says . . .

Sports at schoolAmanda is doing a survey for the newspaper.She is asking pupils what they think aboutsports at school.

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Kidnapped!Someone has kidnapped the son of theindustrialistJames Thornton. The Thorntonshave just received this note from thekidnappers.

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j , i ro(police You dill

sgn again.

\Ne want s11s million Bounalsin@l!

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I hate running roundthe gym and gettinghot and sweaty. Weshouldn't have to dogames at school. It 's gotnothing to do withlearning.

Everybod,v should dosports every day. Twolessons a week are notenough. Most pupilsdon't take physicalfitness seriously

They should teach judoor tennls, notJustrunning or jumping. Iwould like to doaerobics and self-defence.

I am very good atga-mes. I love all sports:swimming, skiing,footbal l . . . I t 'sroowe have to learn mathsand geography at

I like sports but I don'tlike the ones we do atschool. I once fell offthe rope and broke m

Teachers shouldn't givemarks for games. Somepupils are too weak orunfit. It isn't their faultif they're not good.

Chapter BMARIA

Answer the questions.

sports lessons?

I What does Beth say aboutjudo and tennis?

What does Dave say about the sports they doat school?

3 What does Nlaria say about marks for games?

4 What does Simon sav about physical fitness?

What does Nlark say about maths andgeography?

What doesJill say about running round thegym?

7 What does Dave say about a sports injury?

8 lthat doesJill say about games at school?

What does Nlaria say about pupils who aretoo weak or unfit?

What does Beth say about aerobics andself-defence?

Work with a partner. Say rvhar you rhink aboutthe number of times you have games classeseach week and the kinds of games you play.

Your partner then reports lvhat you say to theclass.

We haue too mam) games classes.PARTNER John sals ue haue too many

games classes.

10

I HeadlinesMake up three news headlines. They can beserious, amazing or funny. They don't have tobe true. Write them on a piece of paper.

AILiaA htue iMlzd, NatYo*.

Your teacher will collect them and give themto other pupils. They must tell the class whatthe headlines say.

Chapter 8

9 The film had almost f;nisired Past perfect simple;Past perfect continuous

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roM Did you enjoy the film yesterday?

NrcK Well, it's a long story. I got on the bus but I hadforgotten my bus fare.

roM So what did you do?

NrcK I got off the bus and ran home, buteverybody had gone out. I couldn't getin, because I hadn't taken my key. So Iwent to Paul's house to borrow somemoney. . .

ToM Wait, let me guess: he'd spent all his monev thatafternoon.

NrcK No. He hadn't come home yet. When he finallyarrived, I had been waiting for twenn'minutes.After he had lent me some money, I caught thenext bus. But when I got to the cinema, the filmhad almost finished.

Grammar lesson

Past perfect simpleI We forni the past perfect simple with had + past participle.

Look at the list of irregular past participles at rhe back ofthe book.

Nichhadn'tput his kq in his pochet.Had youforgotten your key?

Longforms Shortforms

I had forgotren I'd forgottenI had not put I hadn't put

2 We use the past perfect for a past action which happenedbefore another past action.

Yesterday morning Yesterdayevening Now

I hailfrgotten my rnonE. I couldn't buy a ticket. Nick is telling Tbrn his stm1.

, This happened before that.

We often use the past perfect with because and after.

Aftn Paulhad lent nrc sonu mo.rLq^, I ciught thi next bus.

Chapter 9

rrrIrtrrlrttI

9 The film had almost f;nished Past perfect simple;Past perfect continuous

roM Did you enjoy the film yesterday?

NrcK Well, it's a long srory. I got on the bus but I hadforgotten my bus fare.

roM So what did you do?

NrcK I got off the bus and ran home, buteverybody had gone out. I couldn't getin, because I hadn't taken my key. So Iwent to Paul's house to borrow somemoney. . .

ToM Wait, let me guess: he'd spent all his monev thatafternoon.

NrcK No. He hadn't come home yet. When he finallyarrived, I had been waiting for twenn'minutes.After he had lent me some money, I caught thenext bus. But when I got to the cinema, the filmhad almost finished.

Grammar lesson

Past perfect simpleI We forrri the past perfect simple with had + past participle.

Look at the list of irregular past participles at the back ofthe book.

Nichhadn'tput his hq in his pochet.Had youforgottm your kq?

Longforms Shortforms

I had forgotten I'd forgottenI had not put I hadn't put

2 We use the pasr perfect for a past action which happenedbefore another past action.

Yesterday morning Yesterday evening Now

I hadforgottat rnl rnonE. I couldn't buy a tickct. Nick is tzlling Tbrn his stmy.

, This happened before that.

We often use the past perfect with because and after.

Aftn Paulhad lent nrc sonle morlq^, I caught thi next bus.

Chapter 9

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Past perfect continuousWe form the past perfect continuous with had been + an ingform for all persons.

We use the past perfect continuous for a past action whichcontinued until another past action happened.

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II

Can you recognize the past perfect forms?If the verb is in the past perfect simple orcontinuous form, leave the letter in the box atthe end of the sentence. If the verb is inanother form, cross out the letter in the box.If your answers are correct, you can answer thequestion below.

I had seen him before.

Has she written to you?

I am talking on the phone.

The boy hadn't been to the disco.

She had long hair.

Had she forgotten to pay?

Your friends have arrived.

How long had he been waiting?

We had had supper.

Had you met him before?

He hasn't been living here long.

She hadn't had a shower.

Had she been writing a letter?

Now

Nick is tellingTbm what happened.

Past

Nick had. bem waiting . . .

Past

Paul aniaed.(fortwenQ

To""*r. IThis happened before that.

1 Nlystery word

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Question: Who crossed the Alps with thirty-seven elephants in 281 BC?

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A

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Answer:

Chapter 9

What came first?Read the sentences and put a ring round the action )

that came first. Then write one sentence with the

past perfect simPle and because.

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Nuokdld;t ,qeL m, bunuz LLe /1ai- fTrqnful. /"4 k?4

{afLp tur'e,,at. tn fi,e yLkl, S,tn,ti,orL furaLL/J!- s6t4-tzo14,e- hnL stdkn hff blkz.

1 Tom spent all his pocket money. He couldn't buy a pen.I

2 Ben felt ill. He ate four packets of crisps.

3 Jenny didn't have breakfast. She felt very hungry.

4 Mr Bell couldn't read his letters. He broke his glasses.

Nick couldn't play basketball. He hurt his thumb.

Ben didn't turn off the tap. The bath overflowed.6

'7

8

9

10

Mike forgot his wallet. He couldn't pay the restaurant bill.

Jenny got sunburned, She forgot to put on some sun cream.

Jane couldn't go out. She didn't do her homework.

Sue failed the test. She didn't revise for it.

t,

rItIChapter 9

. .@9,.

3 ffarrv's career

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Read the notes about Harry's career then answer thequestions with after and the past perfect simple.

t/f+ sotLo6L.I When did he rob the bank?

2 When did he work as a waiter?

3 When did he get ajob as a singer?

Did he form the pop group before or afterhe had made a record?

5 When did he become a millionaire?

Did he write his book before or after he hadbecome a millionaire?

7 When did he go to live in Los Angeles?

8 When did the pop group break up?

9 When did he marry Goldie?

Did he make the film before or after he hadbought the restaurants?

Harry Biggs

left school

tjoined the army

Igot a job in aLondon bank

+lost his job

Irobbed a bank

twent to prison

tworked as a waiter

+got a job as a s ingerin a night c lub

+made a record

Iformed a pop group

Ibecame a mi l l ionaire

+wrote a book

+went to l ive in LosAngeles

+pop group broke up

Imarried GoldieBruce, f i lm star

tbought a chain ofrestaurants

tmade a f i lm

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Chapter 9

4 Who's guilty?Inspector Soames is investigating the murder of HenryFarthing. He has discovered that shots were heard at9.13 last Saturday night. He has asked everyone inHenry Farthing's block of flats what they had beendoing before they heard the shot.

Look at the picture and write what they said they hadbeen doing.

out stlpryf.

BILL JONES

THE WILSONS

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MARY \ \ 'ELLS2

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THE COOKS

THE BAXTERS

MAX PINI

THE \^/OODS

SARAH GREEN

ALF BROWN

Do you knowwho the murdererwas? Write yourreason.

I think the murderer was

because helshe said that he,/she

but helshe

MrsJones

The Wilsons

Marl'Wells

The Baxters @

Green

l r l

Henry Farthing

Chapter 9

5 What had th"y been doing? 6Use the words from thecontinuous to complete

eat repair try revisefrght run wait swimread y' sit watch

She all evening.

in the sun.

a friend's

I Amandawas hot and sore.

motor bike.

3 Tomwas hotand outofbrea th.

in the park.

withJason.

He

4 Ben's clothes were dirty.

5 Sue was angry. She

for Mike for twenty minutes.

6 Jane was nervous.

She aTV

programme about crime.

7 Jenny had a stomach ache.

She sour grapes.

for exams all

Sue was tired.

She

night.

9 Mike was cold.

He in an unheated

pool.

10 Trig fell asleep.

He to learn the

box in the past perfectthe sentences.

About youTalk about the last timer you felt very tiredI yourfeetachedr you were verywet

What had you been doing? How long had youbeen doing it?

I had been playing basketballfor two hours.

walking around townfm hours.

standing in the rain in the cinema quzuefor halfan hour

€82

She

2 JaneShe

had oil on her hands.

He

past perfect continuous.

Chapter 9

10 I 've you a

MrKE Huppy birthday', Ben! Here's the post. Itcame while I was making breakfast.All your friends have sent you birthdaycards.

JANE Aunt Sarah has made a cake for you.And she has bought you a new redsweater. She showed it to me.

MrKE And this is my present. I got it when Iwent to town last week. You'll love it. Assoon as you have opened it we'll havebreakfast.

BEN Oh thanks.perfume. . .

\rrKE Oh nol It's the wrong box. If I 've giventhe perfume to you, then I've given thefootball socks to Sue.

Grammar lesson

Verbs with nvo objectsSome verbs like give, send, show can have two objects:a direct object and an indirect object. The direct objecttells us what someone gives, shows etc. The indirectobject tells us the person who is given or shownsomething. Compare the word order in (a) and (b).

presentbought Verbs with two objects;Time clauses

Subject

MikeAunt Sarah

It's a botrle of

Vnb

gaveshowed

Indirect object

Ben

Jane

Direct object

the perfume.the sweater.

Subject

MikeAunt Sarah

Verb

gaveshowed

Direct object

the socksthe sweater

Indirect obiect

to Sue.toJane.

isWe use word order (a) when the direct object (the thing)more important. We use word order (b) with to when rheindirect object (the person) is more important.

Other verbs with nvo objects are offer, pass, teach, write,buy, make. With buy and make we use for instead of to.

Aunt Sarah has made a caheforyou.

Chapter l0

D

IIIIJ.fJl

Time clausesWords such as when, while, as soon as, before, after,until can introduce a time clause.

When two actions happen at the same time, we usewhile to introduce the longer action.

In time clauses we often use past or perfect tenses, butwe don't normally use will or would.

I Get the order rightPut the words in order and write correct sentences.

his girlfriend

her friends

2 fr.llkl tr'rdt"dyl Fi'*"rl ['rr.-d] f

3 Eil tr'-tl all her friends Party rn\,'ltatrons

4 E Edl."l f '*t"td."l lp"*lt

5 t"..j,sl E trl..-l f ls".lr

6EME

JJIJJJJJj

IJ

I

his newjoke

7 tr-""d"] twh;-] the silver bracelet

|Tt.rt"'l trtdro--] E E t'."d] Fp.'t*lalr

his new computer game f Fh-;.'*dl|llta-l

I

a

Huppy birthday!Look at the maze and say what they gave theirfriends for their birthdays.Put the words in the same order as the example.

AHANDA NICK

Answer the questions, like this:

No, he didn't. He gaue the football sochs to Sue.I Did Mike give Sue the perfume?2 DidJane give Amanda the bracelet?3 DidJenny giveJane rhe concert tickets?4 Did Amanda giveJane the book about horses?5 DidJenny give Amanda the poster?6 Did Nick give Tom the road map?7 Did Nick give Mike the compur.er magazine?8 Did Tom give Mike the bar of chocolate?9 Did Ben give Nick the key ring?

l0 Did Mike give Tom the computer game?

hfike ?Read about Mike and cross out the wrong words.

Mike will finish secondary school next year, 7

> when/rXil he's eighteen. He wants to go

to unlverslty I afterlbefore he has left

school. Ffe's very good with computers. He was

able to write computer programs

2 when/before he was only rwelve.

He can play the drums and the trumpet. He

sometimes practises at night 3 when/until

7

7

rL.

everybody is trying to sleep, or early on Sunday

mornings 4 before/after

v

7anybody gets up.

The neighbours are not too happy

5 until/when he plays with all the windows Z

open.

He hasn't got much money, so he would like to

have a part-timejob 6 while,/after he's at

university, probably playing in a band. He wants

to see the world

married, and he

7 before/rtter he gets

doesn't want to get married

8 until/as soon as he is thirty.

He would like to work abroad

he has finished his studies.

9 until/after

10 As soon aslWhile he has passed his

exams, he will apply for ajob in Australia or F

New Zealand - as a computer specialist or as a

drummer. 7

r

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7

Chapter I0

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4 Young ilIozartComplete the text about Mozart's childhood.Put in when, while, as soon as, after or before.Sometimes, more than one answer is possible.

> WLt elL Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was

born, his father worked as a violinist at the court at

Salzburg.

Mozart's father was an ambitious man.

Mozart was only four, his father

piano with him.

he realized how talented Mozart

and his sister were, he began to teach them all he knew

about music.

3 Mozart was five years old, he

had already learned to play the harpsichord. He

started composing songs l

JJJJ)

started practising the2

I)

Jj

he was

only five - I he could read or

write. His father used to write down the notes

Mozart played his compositions

at the piano.

In1762, Mozart's father took his children to Munich

and then to Vienna. In Vienna Mozart played for the

Empress Maria Theresa. She loved his playing.

he had finished playing, he

climbed on her knee and gave her a kiss.

The following year, the Mozart family went on a tour of

Europe. In Paris he played at the court of Louis xv.

Mozart played the harpsichord !

one of the king's daughters sang an Italian song. Mozart

had never heard the song before.

he had learned to write. he

wrote down his first great piano concertos. In Rome

L770,10 Mozartwas still only

fourteen, he heard music in the Sistine Chapel.l l he got home, he wrote the

music down perfectly from memory -

j

ln

r2 he had heard it only once.

Chapter l0

1l She said that I was lying Indirect speech in the past7

7

7

7

?

7

-

=

,

MRS Fox There you are! I've finallv caughtyou. You stole a Walkman from myshop yesterday.

BEN I don't know anything about aWalkman and I wasn't in vour shopyesterday.

MRS Fox You are ly-g. Boys always tell lies.I saw you running away. You werewearing the same bluejacket. I wiilcall the police. You'll seel

Grammar lesson

Indirect speech in the pastWhen the reporting verb is in the past, (shesaid, I told her) the verb rense in directspeech changes when we report it.

Learn these changes:

Direct speechpresentpastpresent perfect

Direct speechcanwillmay

Indirect speech---r past---+ past perfect--+ Past perfect

Indirect speech--+ could--r would---+ might

7

7

Later Ben

BEN

NICK

BEN

NICK

BEN

tells Nick what Mrs Fox said.

Mrs Fox said that I had stolen a\A/alkman from her shop. I told herthat I didn't know anything about itand that I hadn't been in her shopyesterday.

That's true. You were with me allduy.

She said she had seen me runningaway.

But why does she think it was you?

She said I had been wearing the sameblue jacket. She said she would tellthe police. What shall I do?

She said that I utas lying. (past)

She said that I had stol.en a Walkman-(past perfect)

She said that shewould call the police.(would)

If the direct speech is a general statement,the tense does not always change:

She said that boys ahtays tcll lies. (present)

]

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Chapter I I

It wasn't BenNick wants to help Ben. He wants to find outwho stole the Walkman. He asks his friendssome questions. Here are their answers.

eETER Mrs Fox always blames the wrongpeople.

Write what they said.

2 Max

3 JiuPAUL

MAX

JILL

ALICE

JAMES

MARY

TONY

JANE

AMANDA

TOM

CHRIS

I saw a tall blond boy running out ofthe shop.

Lots of boys wear blue jackets.

I don't know anything about it.

Mrs Fox can't see very well.

I'll ask the boys in my class about it.

Ben has never stolen anything.

Mrs Fox can't prove anything.

We will all help Ben.

I know who stole it but I won't tellyou.

1t( lDae

J

4 Alice

5 James

6 Mary

7 Tony

8 Jane

I Amanda

10 Tom

11 Chris

12 Joan

OAN I will visit Ben if he goes to prison.

Chapter I I

2 You stopped without warningA van driver and a girl on a motor bike havehad an accident. Amanda heard what they said.

crRL What a stupid thing to do! Youstopped without warning.

DRTVER I had to stop. A dog ran across theroad. But you weren't looking. Andnow myvan's badly damaged.

crRL I didn't see a dog. I'll write down yourname and insurance number. My lightis broken and the bike won't start.

DRTvER It only needs a bit of paint. It can befixed in no time. But the back of myvan's a mess. The repairs will costhundreds ofpounds.

to stoP

because adog 3road. He said the girl

and his van 4

Then the girl said that she

the bike 8

The driver said the bike only

damaged.

rdown

broken and -

across the

a dog. She said she 9

the man's name and insurance number. She

said her light l

start.

l0

a bit of paint and it

be fixed in no time. But his -

a mess and the repairs -costhundredsofpounds. r

l lvan72

Later, Amanda tells Nick what she heard.

The girl said that the driver

> h^a^il Sto/>pen without warnins. The

driver said that he I

I

Ir l

r

F{o*' 'green' are you?Nick has written questions for a survey. Askthe questionsround the class. Count the number of Yes and Noanswers and write the results in the questionnaire.

Yes

5No

l l

1I

3

4

5

b

nI

8

I

10

Have you ever used a bottle bank?

Do you buy canned drinks?

Do you sometimes drop litter in the street?

Do you use disposable pens?

Did you walk or cycle to school today?

Do you turn off unnecessary lights?

Do you think about noise pollution?

Do you write on both sides of a sheet of paper?

Have you read about the hole in the ozone layer?

Do you use plastic bags more than once?

Do you eat fast food?

\ors take turns to say the results of the survey.

Elanen pupils said that thel hadn't used a bottle banh.

r_r

Chapter I I

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Can TV rnake you violent?Tom is doing a survey for the newspaper. He ishsking people if TV can make you violent.

JENNY

What did they say?

you uere a calm person.

I Dave also said that. . .2 Jenny said that. . .3 Max said that. . -4 Nick said . . .5 Ji l l said. . .6 Simon said. . .

Work with a partner.Tell your partner what you think about TVviolence. Say nvo sentences.Your partner then tells the class what you said.

bad. I nann watch uiolentf,lms.eARTNER He said that he thoughtuioknce on

telnision was bad. He said that henan er w at che d ai olent f,lms.

TV can't make youviolent if you are a calmperson. I have seen afew violent films, but Idon't take them

Violence can influenceyoung people. If theysee too many violentProgrammes, they willbelieve that life is like

I don't watch reallyviolent films. Thepictures on the newsare bad enough.

TVviolence can onlymake you aggressive ifyou are a weak person.I will never rob a bankjust because someonein a film does it.

If you're a nice Person'TV violence won'tchange that. You canalways switch off.

I saw a violent film lastweek. I know the bloodwasn't real, but a lot ofyounger children don'tknow that.

NICK

Chapter I I

12 You needn't learn mustntt, needntt;had better, would rather :

F

irI

rr_r_r_tttrttLLLr_l

JENNv Nick, we had better go to bed. It's verylate.

NrcK I know, but I would rather help Trig thango to bed. He's tearing up his Englishexercise book and he's throwing hisgrammar book round the room. I don'tthink he's very huppy.

JENNv Well, you had better not stay up toolong.

NrcK Trig, stop it. You mustn't throw yourbooks at the wall. It won't help and youmight break something. You needn'twork at your English now. What are youIearning?

rRrc abbreviation [n] I U abbreviating,being abbreviated 2 C shortened formof a word, phrase, etc: 'Sept' is anabbreviation for'September' . . .

NrcK But Trig, that's from the dictionary. Youneedn't learn the whole dictionarv bvheartl

Grammar lesson

mustntt, neednttAfter mustn't and needn't we use theinfinitive without to.

I We use mustn't when we forbidsomething. It is stronger than shouldn't.

2 We use needn't when it is not necessary todo something.

heart.

Instead of needn't we can say don't have to.

Sunda,ts.

had better, would ratherAfter had better and would rather we also usethe infinitive without to.

We use had better to give advice in aparticular situation. For general advicewe use should.

late.You'd bettn not stny up too late tonight.

The short form is'd better (not).

We use would rather to saywhatwe prefer todo. If we mention two things, we use than.

The short form is'd rather (not).

Chapter l2

J

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Signs\that do the signs say?\talie sentences with musbn't or needn't.

No fishinglytlta.f.rt't fish here.

t Wash in cold or ii hot water

_l

you nzelrtt

I You make a noise between

Ir{o resuvationsnecess&ry

ten in the evening and seven in the morning.

TENNIS CLUB

oDen to non members

wash it in hot water.

3 You reserve a table.

4 You cycle here.

We acceptcredit cards

5 You pay with cash.

No self service

Please ask

for assistance

serve yourself.

chapter 12

E

2 You be a member. 6 You

c,J

c)

o

HolidavsYou are going toJamaica for a beach holiday.You are staying at a hotel. What mustn't youforget? What needn't you take? Write fivesentences.

passport y' swimming costumetin opener sleeping bagtenI plane ticket

My dream houseWhat kind of house would you like to live in oneday? Use mustn't and needn't. Write fivesentences.

Tt wlit lETk l,i t BuLkt'h:4144/r'L

Pala-t.

\ / L t , f

Nowyou are going on a camping holiday nearwhere you live. Whatmustn'tyou forget? Whatneedn't you do/take/pack, etc.? Say fivesentences.

Z>-25

i Chapter 12

I-

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4 What had thev better do?Give advice bywriting a sentence with hadbetter and a sentence with had better not.

Nick wants a drink of milk. The milk smellssour.

2 Jane has a temperature. She wants to go out.

Mr Bell is going for a long drive. There isn'tmuch petrol in the car.

Amanda andJennywant to leave schoolearly. They need permission from Miss Mill.

5 Mrs Bell has toothache. She doesn't want togo to the dentist's.

Ben is going to watch a horror video. It willscare him.

Mr Bell is driving too fast. The speed limit is30 miles an hour.

Aunt Sarah hasn't got any bread. She ishaving visitors to tea.

Nick is playrng his music too loudly. Mr Bellis working in his study.

Tom and Nick want to go to the cinema.The f i lm starts in ten minutes.

-

10

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a5

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j

PreferencesWhatwould you rather do?Use I would rather . . . to say what you prefer.

I wutld,rather saue m) monE than bu,y a CDllnyer

I go to the cinema oR stay at home2 buy a mountain bike on save money3 revise for an English test oR go to

^party4 look round a museum oRwatch a basketball match

5 go up in a rocket ongo down in a submarine

6 work as a fashion designer onbe ajournalist

7 listen to music at home ongo to a Pop concert

learn windsurfing oRtake a course in parachutejumpinglive abroad oR stay in my countryplay football onwatch a football'match on television

9l0

Chapter l2

at, TIJ I i I I IUSi i . \ - t ) I C\e must, can't for deductionsi So, such

NrcK Jenn)', look at this letter. It savs 'For theyoung Bells. Open with care. 'The handwriting is so strange. I don'trecognize it .

JENNv Let me have a look. It's so untidy that Ican hardl l ,read it .

\rcK \,!'ell, it must be for us. It can't be forMum and Dad. Their names aren't on theenvelope.

JENNy And it can't be a bi l l . I bet i t 's fromUncleJoe. He's such ajoker. Let 's open it .

\-rcK It is from UncleJoe. He's sent us t icketsfor a helicopter f l ight over Londonl Heahvays has such great ideas.

Grammar lesson

must, can't for deductionsIf we cannot explain a problem, we can *ake'deductions from the facts. We say what islogical in the situation. ,We use must to give a logical answer orexplanation:

For the negative we use can't.

After must and can't we use the infinitive t

without to.

a

so, suchI We use so with an adjective alone.

2 We use such with a noun (with or withoutan adjective before it). r

He's sach a joher

Compare: t

It's such strange handuniting.

3 After so and such we can use that to show I'reiult. '

It's such untid,y handuritingihat I can fhardl"t read it. '

I

l'

Chapter l3

J-

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JIIIla

JJIJJ-

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III

lfhose luggage is itrKathy, Frank and Susan are going on holiday. One of them isgoing to Spain, one to the French Alps and one ro Italy'. Butwho is going where?

\,Vhat does the luggage tell you about the owners?Complete the sentences with must or can't and be,have or like.

1 The owner

2 The owner

3 The owner

4 The owner

5 The owner

6 The owner

7 The owner

8 The owner

I The owner

t0 The owner

11 The owner

12 The owner

2 The backpack

3 The straw bag

tnuA,tr be

eA;Lt bzable to plav tennis.

a man.

Brit ish.

reading detective stories.

going to a sunnv countr,v.

a \voman.

able to read French.

big feet.

chocolate.

going on a skiing holiday.

a man.

jazz.

long hair.

learning Italian.

b Now solve the puzzle. \4lrire who the luggage Write where they must be going.must belong to.

1 The suircase4 Ibthy

5 Frank

6 Susan

Chapter l3

2 Which one is it?Make deductions by reading the clues and completingall the sentences with can't be or must be as in theexample.

It hasn't got a trunk, so

It is much taller than a man, so th e,rtn-'f, 6p, ,t. ltt*'

Answer: It rut rt be a, ai.M,#e.

China the USA It ly Sp.itt Fiji

I t isn't in Europe. so

It's a very big country, so

The people speak English, so

Answer:

Rome NewYork Paris Chicago Oxford

It isn't in America. so

The people don't speak French, so

It's a capital ciry so

Answer:

3 Charles Lindbergh Shakespeare Louis XIII Napoleon Galileo

He wasn'

He wasn'

He wasn'

Answer:

t a pilot, so

t French, so

t a writer, so

the Po the Amazon the Danube the Mississippi the Rhine

lt 's in Europe, so

It runs through more than

It doesn't begin with D, so

one country, so

Answer:

I'

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Chapter l3

3 Categories

II

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Choose a category of people or things: filmstars, characters from soap operas, cars, sports,TV programmes, jobs etc.

The class suggests four names/words whichbelong to the category and the teacher writesthem on the blackboard.

One pupil thinks of one of the names/words.

The other pupils now guess the name/word.They ask questions and make deductions withcan't be and must be.

skiing gof swimming sailing

PUPrL A Do you do it in watn?PUPrL n No, you don't.puprl- c You don't do it in watn so it can't be

swimming or sailing. Do you do it in themountains?

PUPrL s Nq you don't.puprt- D You d,on't do it in the mountains so it can't

be shiing. It must be golf.

The helicopter rideComplete the sentences with so or such.

NrcK UncleJoe i" > SLtl-'Lt- a nice uncle.

He's > f,o kind. He always has

good ideas. The helicoprer

trip was a surpnse.

JENNY Yes, i twas exciting. I

didn't realize that London is

a huge city. There are

many famous places to see.

NICK And they all looked I

from the air. We flew 1

to Big Ben that we could almosr touch it.

And we flew d low over

Tower Bridge that I thought we were

going to land on it.

JENNY Yes. It *as 9 fun with Unclel0

Joe. I enjoyed the trip

much.

NICK I got l l a fright when you

tried to fly the helicopter. But next time

I won't be 12 scared.

small

close

-

5 Holiday complaintsRead the complaints about people's holidays andsay them in one sentence with so . . . that.

It was so cold that we had to wear coats.

I The hotel disco was loud. We couldn't sleep.2 The hotel food was bad. We became ill.3 Our room was small. We could hardly move.4 The sea was dirty. We couldn't swim in it.5 The beach was crowded. We had to walk over people.6 The shops were expensive. We spent all our money.7 The hotel waiters were slow. Our food was always cold.8 It rained a lot. Our clothes were always wet.9 The pool was small. There wasn't room to swim.

10 The taxis were expensive. We had to walk everywhere.

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Chapter 13

14 They are both from Liverpool both, neither; all, none

PowerPower is a new rock group. They're playing inMerton next Saturday. The guitarists Rod andJake are both from Liverpool. They both srarredtheir careers as actors, but neither of them wasa big success. Both of them say they are happieras musicians. The singer's name is Nina. She'sterrific. All of them write songs. And they areall vegetarians. None of them eats meat. Theyall eat health food and they all do yoga. Theywill be giving free concert tickets to all thepeople who buy their new album.

ByJane Marsh

Grammar lesson

both, neitherWe use both and neither to talk about onlytwo people or things.

both takes a plural affirmative verb.It stands after be and before full verbs.

Thq both started their careers as actors.Both of them say thq are happin asmusicians.

neither usually takes a singular affirmativeverb. It usually stands at the beginning of asentence.

all, noneWe use all and none to talk about more thantwo people or things. all takes a plural verb. Itstands after be or before a full verb.

They all do yoga.All of them unite songs.

none usually takes a singular verb, but aplural verb is also possible. none usuallystands at the beginning of a sentence.

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Chapter 14

Ia

Two robbersImagine that you saw the two robbers in thepicture. Answer the policeman's questions withboth of them or neither of them.

Y u. BaAl't tf Anen, u)erc, ta.ll

Did they have beards?No. N€i.tr;lr ( il.tctt+ lLad- b€//d's.

Were they slim?

2 Were they wearing masks?

3 Did they have long hair?

4 Was one of them over fifty?

5 Were they wearing raincoats?

6 Were they wearing hats?

7 Did one of them have an ear-ring?

8 Were they wearing dark glasses?

Look at the answers with both in (a). Say themagain as in the example.

2 You and your neighbourLook at the boy or girl who is sitting nexr royou. Talk or think about things that are thesame, for example, your looks, your age, whatyou are wearing, what you like or dislike etc.

a Write four sentences with both.

> Bafu of u,': ore Mezn . op.We ax- brtt f-mlteu.

I

234

b Write four sentences with neither.

> W c{'a'Ys+cal h4a"'&'

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3 Profile of 'Power'Meet Jake, Nina and Rod.

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Fromlnstrument

SportHobby

LikesDislikes

Wants toSupports

Jake,21

Liverpoolgui tarhik ingphotographytravel l ing, readingfast food, politicsgo on a wor ld tourGreenpeace

Nina,20

Manchesterkeyboardparachutingastronomytravell ing, horsesfast food, micestar in a musicalFriends of the Earth

Rod,22

Liverpoolgui tarcycl ingsleepingtravel l ingfast foodwrite a big hitWorldwide Fund for Ndture

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Say what is the same. Use all of them or none ofthem.

AII of them play an instrument.

None of them comes from London.

I Who is under twenty?2 Who does a sport?3 Who has dark hair?4 Who has curly hair?5 Who likes travelling?6 Who has a hobby?7 Who wants to make a film?8 Who comes from the USA?9 Who dislikes fastfood?

10 Who supports an environmental group?

Now say the sentences from (a) with all as inthe example.

Thq aIIplay an instrument.

Chapter l4

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How are they the same?What is the same about these people? Writewhat they are/were and what they doldid. Useall or both.

-fl-l Lru,t tt)f,t? alL cornt>otc:'l .

TLrxrt a,lL cnl<aoud, tr1a*b

1 Dali Renoir Rembrandt

2 Boris Becker Monica Seles Andre Agassi

3 Isaac Newton Alexander Graham Bell

4 Ayrton Senna Alain Prost

5 Catherine Deneuve Michele Pfeiffer

6 Mark Twain Jules Verne

Guessing gameA pupil thinks of two other pupils in the class anddescribes what is the same with both of them andneither of them.The class must guess who the two pupils are.

Neithn of them is sitting near the door

llll:

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I

ArnoldSchwarzenegger

RobinWilliams

RobertDe Niro

Say what is the same about these things. Useboth or all.

Thq are both Spanish cities.

I seagull crow2 Vienna Athens3 polar bear arctic hare4 MTV BBC5 apples oranges6 Australia Sicily7 Volvo Ford8 kangaroo koala

Rome

CNN

TahitiCitroen

?ilfl

Chapter l4

15 If I had more money . . . Conditional sentences type 2

ATIANDA

NICK

JENNY

NICK

A1\{ANDA

NICK

JENNY

NICK

I don't think I get enough pocketmoney.I need more.

Everyone needs more. But if lots ofpeople bought our newspaper, wewould soon be rich.

If you had more money, whatwouldyou do with it?

If I had more, I would spend more!

That's stuPid. If I got more, I wouldsave more.

If I were you, I'd get ajob. If you wentbaby-sitting, you could earn money. Icould baby-sit, too.

But you don't like babies.

Well, I might like them more if theydidn't cry- and if they playedfootball.

Grammar lesson

Conditional sentences tFpe 2We use if + past+ would + infinitive withoutto for situations that are 'unreal'. We imaginea result in the present or future.

I would spmd more..If youutent babl-sitting (butyou don't gobaby-sitting), )ou wou@ eern a lat of rnonq.

When we put the if part of the sentence first,we usually use a comma (,) after it.

We can also say:

You'd. earn a lnt of rnoney if yau wmtbabl-sitting.

The short form ofwould is'd.

Instead of would we can use might or couldin the main clause.

(might = would possibly)If I got more, I could saae rnore.(could = would be able to)

After if we often use were instead of was fbrall persons.

Chapter l5

What would thev do?Put the verbs in the correct tense and form.

JENNY If Nick got more pocket money,

he > uJTLdd uJu)/fu, (waste) it all on stupid things.

NrcK That isn't true. If I had more money,

I ] (spend) it on a leatherjacket.

roM I f I2 (win) a lottery, I would buy a

CD-player.

I INICK

JENNY

(not buy) a CD-player,

if I were you. They're much too expensive.

If I had more money,I 1

it for a trip to Australia.

(save)

(have) a lot of money,

(buy) a motor bike.

(not buy) a motor bike if I

NrcK I f I !

I9roM I7

(be) you. They are too dangerous.

NrcK I f we 9 (not get) so much homework,

I l0 (deliver) newspapers every

morning.

ToM What has homework got to do with a morning

paper-round?

JENNy Well, you see, Nick does his homework between getting up

and eating breakfast.

8

9

a

r f . . .What would or wouldn't you do, if you got morepocket money? Write five sentences.

, Ij= I- got naorc, Fockl ,rwuxg I ur_owtd 4 n<pr<- clWaps

, If I goL rnorc- pnkc.t tnpnc-! ., f urowHn't co*tpLau, so nncto.I

2

3

4

3

If vou could spend a day with a famous person,rvho would you choose? What would you do?\l'l'rere would you go? What would you talkabout?

Say four sentences.

would chooseJulia Roberts. I would go toHollywood with her .. .

Chapter l5

3a

Just imagine.. .What do you think you would do if these thingshappened? Write your answers.

@) screamb squash itc keep it as a pet

mlr bed, , I uwiltL suu.rn.

I if you saw a famous actor in the streeta go up and say hellob be too shy to speakc follow him or her

if you saw a strange object in the skya photograph itb tell your friendsc call the police

if you found a bag full of money under a treea spend itb tell the policec share it with your friends

if you heard a loud noise in the nighta hide under the bedb get up and lookc go to sleep again

5 if you saw an elephant walking down thestreeta phone the zoob run the other wayc do nothing

if you were alone on a desert islanda cryb explore itc look out for a ship

if you found a snake in your cupboarda run awayb pick it upc shut the door

if you suddenly sawyourself on televisiona laughb recorditc turn the television off

if the phone rang in the'middle of the nighta get out of bed and answer itb put the pillow over your headc tell someone to answer it

if you won a cara sell itb give it to someone in your familyc keep it until you got your driving licence

-

Do the exercise again. This time,.say what you rwouldn't do.

as a pet.

10

L_ _{,(,W

Chapter 15

If it happened to me . . .The following things might happen. Whatwould you do if they happened to you? Writeyour answers.

If I'found a gold ring in the street,T- wwL g"n tt t" n! gt'5frer.

If my best friend nioved to another town,

2 If I lost my voice,

3 If I saw someone hurt in an accident,

If someone offered me a Saturdayjob in abutcher's shop,

5 If all the lights suddenly went out,

If the television broke down in the middle ofmy favourite programme,

7 If I found a purse full of money in a bus,

If I spilled orange juice on my Englishhomework.

5 The tropical island gameChoose two things from the list that you woulddo if you lived on a tropical island for sixmonths. Write two sentences.

sleep all dayclimb palm treesplay with the monkeys live in a tree housecollect shells swim every daylearn the local language explore thejunglewrite a book about it paint pictures of it

I unulJ, d*rnb pa,lm- treze

The other pupils must take rurns to guess whatyou have chosen. They can only have a secondguess if they get the first one right.

would climb palm trees.

You Yes, I would. (He or she can askanother question.) on No, I wouldn't.

The first pupil to guess both answers correctlythen takes your place.

build a boatgo fishing all day

Chapter l5

16 The photo I like best Relative ctauses

Grammar lesson

Relative clauseswho, which, that and whose are relativepronouns. They introduce relative clauses.

We use who for people and which for things.We can also use that for people and things.

When who/which /that is the object of therelative clause, we can leave it out.

(ox the photo which/that I like best)I always take photos of people I meet.(ox peoplewho/that I mzet)

To show possession we use whose.

Prepositions (in, from etc.) come at the endof the relative clause.

JENNv Here are our holiday photos from ltaly.That's the village which we stayed in.And that's Roberto, the boy who livednext door.

JANE Oh, is that the boy whose sister is ascientist? You told me about him.

JENNv Yes, that's right. He was great fun. Wehad a good time.

JANE I always take photos of people I meet onholiday and places we stay at.

JENNv But this is the photo I Iike best. It's oneof the funniest f've ever taken. We wereeating in a restaurant when Nick's chairbroke. He fell and his face went rightinto his plate of spaghetti.

J

?II

vI

Chapter l6

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t lI t - ,| | There are thousands of chemical changes

E e"opt e 2 do sports need less

l---l a"rrots are vegetables 3 make

l_l M.ut, cheese, eggs, fish and milk are foods

I e"opte 5 want to lose weight

| | In the past, people ate the food

I l - - -| | Todav we eat food ' comes from

all over the world.

| | Vitar.tins are things 8 we need in

very large amounts.

| | People e sleep all day use a lot of

energy.

t l| | oranges are fruit l0 contain a lot

of vitamin C.

Food ll is fresh contains more

vitamins.

Ll e person 12 ea$ an apple a day will

Food facts

Some of these facts about food are wrong.Complete the sentences with which or who.Then write T in the box if you think it is true orF if you think it is false.

The food > urLi.c'lu we eat gives us energ"y.

happen in our bodies every

second.

energy.

your hair curly.

glve us Proteln.

should eat lots of sugar, cream and butter.

grew where they lived.

Charies Dickens\4hat do you know about Charles Dickens?Complete the sentences with who, which orwhose. If who and which are not necessary.don'twrite them in.

Charles Dickens was an English writer> u1tvo lived from 1812 to 1870. The books> // he wrote are read in many countries.

Dickens, I family was very poor, had to

start work when he was ten years old. In

England at that time, people 2 could

not pay their debts were sent to prison. This

happened to Dickens'father, 3 first

name wasJohn. This meant that Dickens,4 was only a boy, had to visit his father

in prison.

Later, Dickens wrote books based on people

he had known and places

he had lived in. In 'David Copperfield' he

wrote about the visits 7 he paid to his

father in prison. In some of his books he wrote

about terrible schools like the one 8 he

went to himself . In 'Oliver Twist' he wrote

about children 9 were poor and

sometimes orphans - children l0

parents have died.

Dickens is known for making up characters like

Uriah Heep, Fagin and the Artful Dodger,ll names are known even to some

people 12 have not read the books.

Dickens, 13 was also a good actor, used

to read his stories to audiences in England and

America.

He married a woman 14 name was

Catherine and 15 was the daughter of

his first publisher.

.{

never be ill.

Chapter 16

3 USA quizAmanda has written a quiz for the newspaper.Can you do it? Put in who, which orwhose.Then ring the correct answer.

flows through the United States?

a the Volga

@ the Misiissippic the Seine

Nhiil"

What is the name of the bridge

built over the San Francisco Bay?

a Brooklyn Bridgeb the Golden Gate Bridgec Tower Bridge

What is the name of the baseball team

home city is New York?

a the New York Yankeesb the Cincinatti Redsc the Chicago Bears

\4lho was the famous American

invented the lightbulb?

a Thomas Edisonb Henry Fordc Bill Cosby

What is the name of the waterfall

is benrueen the US and Canada?

a the Angel Fallsb the Victoria Fallsc the Niagara Falls

Who was the president - ended

slavery?

a George Washingtonb Ulysees S. Grantc Abraham Lincoln

What is the name of the city in the desert

is famous for its casinos and shows?

a Los Angelesb LasVegasc Santa Fe

What is the name of the famous singer -

big house near Memphis is called _

Graceland?

a Elvis Presleyb Louis Armstrongc Jimi Hendrix

-Name one of the presidents

heads are carved in Mount Rushmore. -a Washingtonb Nixonc Carter

\tVhat is the name of the man

became a famous outlaw in the 'Wild West'?

a JesseJamesb Columboc Fred Astaire

l0 What is the name of the state

once belonged to Russia?

a Hawaiib Washingtonc Alaska

4Make up some funny facts about someone (truor untrue). Play this game round the class. Usewhose. . .

I know sonrcone whose brother has seena spaceship.

puprl- s I know sonteone whose brothn has seena spaceship and whose grandmotherwrites pop music.

puprr- c I know som.eone uhose brotha'hns strna spaceship, uhose grandmothn uriirpop music and whose grandfathorides a motor bihe.

PUPrL D I knou sorneone whose . . .

IS

r

'rrtrrr_ttChapter l6

IIlJ

lJ

5 lVhat's the same?Match up the pairs and say what is the same.Make sentences with a preposition at the end.

spoon tennis racket

glass

pencil stool

knife

armchair

sleeping bag

t : Things and peopleRead the clues and fill in the crossword puzzle.

Across

You keep moneyin it.You stick paper with it.You buy newspapers and magazines fromhim,/her.You buy medicine from him,/her.You put flowers in it.You eat with it.You sleep outdoors in it.You go to him/her when you're ill.You sewwith it.

Down

I You drive in it,2 You pack clothes in it.3 You go to him,/her when your tooth hurts.4 You learn English from him/her.6 You laugh at it.8 You wash your hair with it.

12 You bake food in it.13 You repair things with it.

Ask questions round the class about the thingsand people in the puzzle. Do not use a relativepronoun. Don't forget the preposition.

PUPrL A purse.

PUPrL A doctm

54t

9101l1314l5

a

I

J

J

a

Chapter l6

17 It needs cutting

My hair looks terrible. Do you think itneeds cutting? Or does itjust wantwashing? The last time I had it cut Ilooked like a boy.

Don't have it cut. Get it permed.Then you'll look like the model inthis magazine.

I

AMANDA

JENNY

rI

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r_

t

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D

t

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Grammar lesson rF

I

I

3

4

5

6\

8

9

10

Nick's socks tttgL u:att/r,Cnq .

-Ben's finger-nails

Tom's jeans

Arnanda's boots

Nick's hair

The tyre

Mike's shirt

Jenny's dress

The washing machine

Chip

The grass

Do the exercise again with want and the wordsfrom the box.

need,/want + ingAfter need and want we use an ing form tosuggest that something should be done to aperson or thing.

(I/Someone should cut my hair.)My hair wants washing.(I/Someone should wash my hair.)

have/ get something doneWe use have * object + past participle to saythat somebody does ajob for us. We do notdo it ourselves.

Don't haae it done. Do it yourself.

Be careful with the word order. Compare:

(= past simple, the hairdresser cut it.)Ihadantmy hair.(= past perfect, I cut my hair myself.)

Sometimes get is used instead of have.

need,/want + ing; have/ get something done

I What needs doing?a Complete the sentences with need and a word

from the box.

clean iron shortencomb pump up wash ,/mow repair polishfeed mend

Chapter l7

J

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-) \rleai are they havrng doneiLook at the picture of the fair and use the words fromrhe box with have to make sentences.

tattooreaddrarvguess '/

telltakepaint

I

I

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4

5

6

Mrs Bell u h-a,n*uq hon- ^Nr4hf,

qu^p*sd,.

JaneTom

Ben

Amanda andJenny

Nick

Trig

b With a partner, ask and answer five questions about what youhave had done. Use the ideas from (a) or some of your own.

Haue you ner had yourfortune told?eARTNER No, I haaen't, but I uould like to haue m1 fmtune told.. on

Yes, I haue.

svMR'S BeLL

-a

l:"*Chapter l7

Mr and Mrs RichMr Rich is a millionaire and a very busy man.He and his wife don't do much themselves.They have everything done for them.Read the questions and write Mr Rich's answers.

n4,an2. bnt ,na S?tref,anl .

(her hairdresser)No, sl.tp dnem,t. She, htt hnr h^airdmz bg n*r nn*r*+,vut.

1 Do you answer your letters yourselP(my secretary)

Does your wife do the shopping herselP(our housekeeper)

Do you arrange interviews yourself.)(my assistant)

Does your wife do the housework hersel?(our maid)

Do you write your speeches yourself.)(my assistant)

Do you plan your business trips yourself.r(my secretary)

Do you fly your helicopter yourselP(our pilot)

Does your wife make her clothes herself)(designers)

Do you do the gardening yourselves?(our gardener)

Do you do the cooking yourselves?(our cook)

lHH

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f

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I

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(my secretary)

Chapter l7

l0

1+

IIIJIIIIIIIIIIII

l,d,

L

lt1rv don't you . .Complete the dialoguesrrith Whv don't vou and

.?by making suggestionsthe words from the box.

BEN

NICK

TOM

JENNY

MIKE

TOM

NICK

BEN

JAN.E

JENNY

JENNY

AMANDA

JANE

JENNY

NICK

JENNY

AMANDA

JENNY

TOM

MIKE

NICK

TOM

I can't see a thing.Wluot d,awlt uou- ha've qowr ales teixj-?

My hair's too long.

My car isn't running very well.

I have got toothache.

This skirt is too loose. It looks terrible.

Our dog has been acting strangely.I don't think he's well .

I hate the colour of this dress.

What did you say? I can't hear a thing.

I've just written a very long essay butnobody can read my handwriting.

I've got a big tear in myjacket.

Dave's car looks verv rusry.

serrice test (x 2) ,/cut mendexamine alterq?e paintfill dye

Chapter l7

lB Nick told Ben

Newspaper meeting, Thursday at lunch time.

Jenny asked if the USA quiz was finished. Nicktold Ben not to interrupt.

Jennywanted to kriowwhether Tom had donehis interview. Nick told Ben to shut up.

Tom asked when the questionnaire on smokingwould be finished. Nick asked Ben to wait his turn.

Indirect questions;Indirect commands and requests

Grammar lesson

Indirect questionsI In indirect questions the word order is

not the same as in direct questions. It isthe same as in statements.We do not use do/d,oes/did to makeindirect questions. We do not put aquestion mark at the end.

2 lf there is no question word (who, whenetc.) in the direct question, we begin theindirect question with if or whether.

(direct question)

Jenny asked if the quiz was f.nished.(indirect question)

3 Reporting verbs for indirect questionsare ask, want to know, wonder. Thechange of tenses is the same as forindirect statements.

presenIpastpresent perfectpast perfect

willmayshallcan

-r past---+ past perfect---r past perfect-, no change

----l would---' might--+ should--+ could

If there is a question word in the direct p

question, we repeat it in the indirectquestion.

be finished? '(direct)He asked when the questionnaire would bf,nished. (indirect) D

Is the USA quizfinished?

Don't interrupt.

When will thequesnonnalre onsmoking be finished?

Nick, can't you see . . .

Ben, wait your turn please!

-

:

rr

Shut up Ben!

Ijustwanted to tellhim that there was aworm in his salad.It's too late now.

What did you want to

Chapter l8

It1J

Indirect commands and requestsI We form indirect commands with tell +

person+to+infinit ive.

Nich told Bm to shut up.

We use not to for negative commands.

Nick told Bm not to interrupt.

2 We can make indirect requests with ask +person+to+infinit ive.

Ni,ck ashcd. Ben to wait his turn.

1 Are you all right?

IJl

JJJJJI

Yesterday,Jane saw a little boywho had fallen off hisbicycle. She went to help him and asked him somequestions.

What did she ask him? Ring the question word first, ifthere is one, then reportJane's question. Rememberthe word order and the changes of tense and pronouns.

--^.> Q{hdyour name?'

ShE argkrn il4.l- ul+ab hu n^a.*rtz hn).

S l,ue a'ylczd, h/,r, , Lf hz wu aLL rnh,b

I 'How old are you?'

2 'Where do you live?'

3 'Have you hurt yourselP'

4 'Can you stand up?'

5 'Is your elbow bleeding?'

6 'How did it happen?'

9 'Were you on the way home?'

J 8 'Where had you been?'

JtI

-

-

-

I

rtI

L-

l0 'Shall I phone your parents?'

1l 'Do you want some help?'

12 'Shall I take vou home?'7 'What made you fall?'

,

a

What do you do?Nick is interviewingJumpingJakeJones, a professionalwrestler on tour in Merton. Read his questions aridwrite them in indirect form.

He a'vked- fuh+ l4aD t'tud4-

'How many times have you been ontelevision?'

He ukzn hiw hsw mzn! ilme,:

h,e, hAJ" bu,t1, orL toL?-v; '1 /irc

I 'How did you start wrestling?'

'How long have you been a professionalwrestler?'

3 'Who is your favourite opponent?'

4 'How many wins have you had?'

J 'How many kilos can you lift?'

'Is it difficult to become a professionalwrestler?'

7 'What do you think about violent sports?'

8 'IsJumpingJakeJones your real name?'

t_

)

!

'How many times have you fought this year?',I

l0 'Will you stay in Merton all week?'

l1 '\Alho is the best wrestler in the world?'

12 'Which was your best fight?'

13 'Have you been to Merton before?'

'How can I become the strongest boy atschool?'

Your partner writes five interview questions forone of the people below. You tell the class whatyour partner wanted to know.

dolphins?you He wanted to knou hou long Mr FIip had

be en trainin g d,olp hin s.

Mr FlipDolphin trainer

F

I

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l4I

t

I

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I

-

a

Trevor TopWig designer

Ms Mavis MummMime artist

Chapter l8

2

3

J3

JJJJJJJ

Fire!Can you remember what these instructions tellyou to do? Read instruction one then close yourbook and tell your partner. Do the same forinstructions two and three.

you go out.It tells you not to put papers close to heatcrs . . .

How to prevent a fireTurn off electr ical equipment beforeyou go out.Do not put papers close to heaters.Be careful near an open f ire.Buy a smoke detector.Do not put l i t cigarettes in the bin.

What to do in case of asmall fire

Put i t out i f possible.Get everyone out of the building.Call the f ire brigade.Do not open the windows.Shut doors.

What to do if caught in a fireDon't panic.Shout so people know where youare.Don't jump out of the window if i t istoo high.Put a damp cloth over your mouth.Wave so that people can see you.

JJJ4

IJIi

-

iJ

He askedJane to feed his fishMike was getting ready to go away. He askedpeople to help him. Who did he ask to dowhat? Say the answers.

'Will you get my suitcase from the spare room?'He asked Bm to get his suitcasefrom the spare room.

'Please don't forget to feed my goldfish.'He ashed Jane not to forget to feed his goldf,sh.

'Can you lend me your backpack?''Will you fetch me a Chinese take-away?'

'Don't use my CD-player, please!'

'Can you make me some coffee?''Will you buy me some toothpaste?'

'Will you water my plants?'

'Will you iron this shirt for me?''Can you phone the airport?'

I

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3

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6

7

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19 You ought to turn it down ought to, shoutd; Phrasal verbs

Grammar lesson

JENNv Nick, Mum has a headache. We ought tobe quiet. We shouldn't make so muchnoise.

NrcK Did you say something?

JENNv The music is too loud. You ought to turnit down.

NrcK I can't hear you!

JENNv Don't shout, Nick! Shut up! And turnthe music down!

NrcK Yes, I've already been to town.

JENNv No, Nick. Your music. Turn down yourmusic!

NrcK I can't hear you. The music's too loud.

;::::::,*:*1,,*.1sh.ud+ Jinfinitive to give advice or to say what we --rthink is right. ought to means the same as

- |should. In question and negative forms, we

use should more than ought to.

II should go I shouldn't go Should I go?- 'I ought ro go _

J

- l

J

I You oughf to do it

II

345678I

10

Some of your friends have problems. Giveadvice with ought to.

Use these or your own ideas:

go to bed earlier talk to themjoin a club work hardersee a doctor wear glassesget ajob save money for a newgo on a diet onetidy it ger ir cur

I'm always tired.You ought to go to bed earlim,My eyes are sometimes red and sore.I never have enough money.My school marks are bad.I'm too fat.I've got spots.I've had a quarrel with my parents.I haven't got many friends.My old bicycle needs repairing again.My hair looks terrible.I can't find anything. Myroom is so untidy.

Phrasal verbs

I Phrasal verbs are formed with a verb +adverb (for example, down, up, on, off).

verb + adverbturn down

2 Sometimes the meaning is clear (forexample, stand up, sit doum, turnsomething dov,'n, turn something on).Often, the two words together have aspecial meaning which we cannot guess.

3 Sometimes a phrasal verb has an object.If the object is a noun, it can stand beforeor after the adverb:

Turn down the music.

But if the object is a pronoun (him, her,it, them) it must stand benveen the verband the adverb:

4 Look at these phrasal verbs.

put something on

He is putting it on.

take something off

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He is tahhg them off. WhW

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Chapter l9

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2 Should stars earn so much monevi

No. All pop stars andsports stars ought togive money to charities.What they do is onlv forthemselves. Peoplesuch as nurses andteachers ought to earnmore because they helpothers.

Why not? Film stars andsports stars work hardat theirjobs and theventertain millions ofpeople. They deserr,etheir money. Of coursethey ought to live inluxury.

DAVID

What do they think?Say answers with ought to or shouldn't.

teachers?She thinhs that nurses and teachers ought to earnrnore.

I What does Mary think about being a star?2 What does Ken think about stars?3 What does David think about film stars and

sPorts stars?What does Ken think about people who havestudied?What does Liz think about pop stars andsPorts stars?What does Mary think about dentists andlawyers?

Stars shouldn't earn somuch. Some of themhaven't even had aproper education.Scientists and peoplewho have studied atuniversities ought toearn more.

Stars should earn a lotbecause they make youbelieve anything ispossible. They canmake you dream.Dentists and lawyersought to be paid less.

MARY

Think about the lvork that these people do.

pilots kindergarten teacherstoy makersfashion designersastronautsengineers

social workersnursesscientists

Who ought to earn more? Why?\tVho ought to earn less? Why?Write your answers.

I

Who do you agree with?

3 Job adviceYour partner must say what he/she would likero be one day. You say what he/she ought to do.

You ought to study medicine.

-

YOU

YOU You ought to huy a bucket.

4 What do you do?Put the correct phrasal verb in the box. Thensay what you do with the things.

names and addresses

telephone numbers

-

) l

II

t--

F

3

newjeans

fill in ,/ try onturn on/off throw awaytake off write down

a lorm

II n ' r ' ' I

l f t lLw' i aquest ionnaire

a crosswordYoufillin afmm, a questionnaire and a crosstmd.

the tap

the radio

2

T

the light

a new pullover

some new shoes

old comics

egg shells

your dirty boots

your sunglasses

Chapter 19

rubbish your coat

lEI

IIIIIi

FiIl it inCnmplete the sentences and fill in the crossword.

Amoss

3 You've left the oven on. Turn it , please.

5 The light's too bright. it off.

6 It's very cold outside. yourjacket on.

8 When must I take these library books ?

Down

I Come !We're late!

2 That coat looks awful. Take it

3 It's too dark in here. Turn the light , please.

4 I'm going to throw these broken toys

5 Your shoes are muddy. them off.

7 What time do you get every morning?

J

J

I've already taken them offAnswer the requests with already and replacethe underlined words with it or them. Make surethat you get the word order right.

up the volume, please.

I Take yeur books back to the library.

2 Look her numberup in the phone book.

3 Write down the words in your notebook.

4 Try on the shoes before you pay for them.

5 Turn the lights off in your room.

Turn down the heat. It's much too hot.

7 Clean up the mess you left in the kitchen.

Don't forget to fill in those forms.

9 Put on your best clothes. We're going out.

l0 Bring the dirty_glasses down from yourroom.

I

-

rt

-

-

the floor.

Turn

Chapter l9

20 I wish my nose was shorter Question tags; wish + past simp!Plural nouns

JENNY I wish r?y nose was shorter. It's toolong, isn't it?

AMANDA I wish I didn't have so many freckles.They're silly looking, aren't they?

JENNY I like them. I wish I was taller. I'm nottall enough, am I?

AMANDA I wish I didn't wear glasses. They lookstupid, don't they? They don't reallysuit me, do they?

JENNY Yes they do. I wish I had glasses. I likeyour newjeans, too. You bought themyesterday, didn't you?

Grammar lesson

Yes, from the new shop in SouthStreet.

They didn't cost much, did they?

No, how did you know?

Because the price tag is still on themf- l

l --

J

rI

ieanstrousersscissors

pyjamasshorts

glassestights

fII

r

r

J

r

rII

r

rt_

rII

aI

rI

r

Your glasses look great. Thq suit you.

We can also say a pair of with jeans, trousersetc. Then the verb is singular. Compare:

window.Thereis a nice'pair of trousrs in the shopwindow.

r

r

Question tagsI We often use a question tag at the end of

a sentence when we ask for agreement.

Sometimes it is not a real question. Thenthe voice goes down.

If we ask a real question (because we arenot sure), the voice goes up.

If the statement is affirmative, the '

question tag is negative.

If the statement is negative, the questiontag is affirmative:

But the question tags always end with I,you, he, she, it, we or they.

If the statement verb is be, have, do, can,must, should etc., we repeat it in thequestion tag.

With other verbs we use a form of do inthe question tag:

They didn't cost much, did thq?

AMANDA

JENNY

AMANDA

JENNY

wish + past simpleWe use wish + past simple to talk aboutsomething in the present that we regret.

(My nose is long.)I uish I didn't wear glasses.(I wear glasses.)I wish I had glasses.(But I haven't got glasses.)

Note also: I wish I could, (do somethirg) . . .

Plural nounsSome nouns are always plural, so the verb isalso plural:

Chapter 20

I It's in France, isn't it?

Ben is writing a quiz about different countries.He isn't sure about the answers and is asking theothers. Put in the correct tags.

1 There are about 170 countries in the world.

2 Brazll and Italy have both won the World

Cup three times,

3 About 500 million people live in Europe,

Alaska is the largest state in the USA,a

5 There are over l,300languages spoken in

Africa,

6 The population of China makes up one-fifth

of the world's population,

The last emperor of China was called Pu Yi,i

America became independent in I77 6,1

There are more people in Mexico City than

in any other city in the world,I

l0 In 1923 halfofTokyo was destroyed by an

The basketball matchThe school team hasjust lost a match. Tom isdiscussing itwith Simon. Write the questiontags.

srMoN The others were quite good,

roM Butwe plaved badlv. > o{Ldit "* )

I didn't play very well, I >

srMoN Perhaps not, but Mark scored for the

first time, 3

ToM Yes, that was a surprise, 3 ?

srMoN Actually, we have got some very good

players, 1 ? There's Tony,

andJim, and Brian . . .

ToM Yes, but they didn't score today,

? We couldn'r get past

their defence. ?Iwas

useless too,7

srMoN Well, you missed some training,8.

roM Yes, I did . . . If we lose the next match.

we won't go to the finals, 9

srMoN Oh yes, we wi l l . Because you aren' t

going to miss any more training sessions,IO

earthquake,

t-Ii

4a

3 RegretsWhat are they thinking?Make sentences with I wish + past simple.

Nick is at the back of the queue.

1 wi'vlu I una at thzlwf of &efsn ""I wi* I u:a'tnt a't tAz batk q{ ilz {' " o

I Jane is ill.

2 Sue has straight hair.

3 Nick can't dance.

4 Ben doesn't know how to repair his Walkrnan.

5 The boots are too expensive forAmanda.

6 Jane can't afford the ear-rings.

I

3

4

5

o

Choose one thing from each listwhich you wishyou were, had, or could do. Write them on apiece of paper.

I ^ril'l*

A wz,t 'fartwlra

T uful+ I Lal a q<hL ard".

I L,,rAL I corilL telL th.e. filhlre.

In pairs, ask and answer questions with Do youwish you were/had/could until you find out r-what your partner has written.

werea millionairefamousolderin the Guinness Book of Records

hada driving licencesome diving equipmenta credit carda photographic memory

couldbecome invisibletell the futureappear on a TV game showinvent clever machines

PARTNER No, I don't.

I

F

7

F

r

f'

r

7

l'Chapter 20

J Are thos€ o€w;-

Jane and Amanda are shopping. Decide if the words inboxes should be singular or plural and cross out thewrong word.

JANE F lrlA.f those new sunglasses?

AMANDA v.r. F rn"yfll | 2 irA."-] .ti..,

,4idiE]? Nick guu. Fi7E.-l to me. It 's a shame I can't

see very well out of F itZttt.- l. Everything looks funny.

Look at 7 that,/those red trousers.

8 one/ones beside the T:shirts?

9 Those/That a pair of yellow pyjamas.

Oh. What a lovely blue skirt that is.

11 ThatlThose | 72 is/are I apairof pinkshorts.

13 They/It would go well with 14 those,/that striped

tights. And look at 15 thatlthose jeans! I would love

16 a/some pair of them.

l7 This,/Those | 18 islare I theyellowpyjamasagain!

Amanda, did Nick tell you what kind of sunglass.r f-tg ttt.yZflJ' I

3 aren' t / isn ' t

JANE

AMANDA

JANE

AMANDA

JANE

ANIANDA

JANE

The

No.

Chapter 20

2l Has the thief been found? The passive: simple forms

ToM The newsagent's has been broken into.About f,850 has been taken.

NrcK Has the thief been found?

ToM No, not yet. The theft was onlydiscovered an hour ago. There's a roomat the back of the shop where the moneyis kept in a safe. This morning thecleaner noticed that the window hadbeen broken, so she told the owner. Afew people have been questioned by thepolice, but nobody knows much. Anofficer said that any information will bewelcomed.

NrcK Will there be a reward?

Grammar lesson

The passive: simple formsI Form: be + past participle

present moneypast the theftpresentperfect f850past perfect awindowfuture information

NEwsRoerur

rswulshas beenhad beenwill be

keptdiscoveredtakenbrokenwelcomed

T

T

e

'?

-

f

-

I'I

F

ri

rL

tttLI'

Active from the newsagent's.

Passive was stolen from the nsy5agent's.

We use the passive if we do not knowwho doessomething, or if it is not important or not necessaryto say who does it.

We can use by+ person/thing if we wish to saywho orwhat did the action.

Chapter 2l

Qbjut

Subject

1-IIIFI.+E

IllllllJJllIII

lVere you a-.ked?Can you match the form of the passive in eachsentence with the name of the passive tense?

I

2

3

4

J

6nI

8

9

10

11

I2

13

14

Were you asked?

I am invited.

Is Greek spoken?

The room hadn't been cleaned.

She won't be asked.

Has the window been broken?

She wasn't injured.

I haven't been informed.

He will be punished.

Has the money been found?

When was the house built?

Will I be invited?

English is spoken here.

He was killed in an accident.

These toys are made in China.

Had the parcel been opened?

present passive

present perfect passive

past perfect passive

future passive

9 At the doctor'sWrite what happens when you go to thedoctor's. Use the present simple passive.

Your ea%..-------------d-

1 He looks at your throat.

2 He takes your pulse.

3 He weighs you.

4 He checks your blood pressure.

5 He examines your chest.

7 He takes a blood sample.

8 He measures your height.

9 He tests your hearing.

10 He listens to your heart.

I.J

l

6 He X-rays your lungs.

Chapter 2l

3 What has been done?An old street in Merton has been modernized.Use the words from the box to write what has been done inthe present perfect passive.

a

.-4€-"-\ s

tI

Last year

buildwidenpaintplantprovide (x2)pull downput uprepairtake awayturn into ,/

I

2o.f

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

The street h^a,l been- ttlruwn LrLto & ped.ufnltn T-oh,e.

Street lamps

Trees and flowers

The pavement

A fountain

Litter bins

The bus stop

The old house

The shops

The holes in the road

Chapter 2l

Benches

?

KrakatoaPut the verbs in brackets into the past simple passive.

Did you know that the greatest explosion in theworld> ura{ Ca,uAzd (cause) by a volcano? Krakatoa, an island in

Indonesia, erupted in 1883. More than half the island

(destroy). The explosion ?

(hear) in India and Australia. Rocks 1 (throw)

more than 55 kilometres high into the air. Surprisingly, only a few

people 1 (kill), but a huge wave, 35 metres high,c (create) by the explosion. Several small islands

(cover) by the wave. 163 villages

(destroy) and 36,000 people

(drown). Dust ? (carry) all

round the world, and the weather everywhere

(affect) for many years afterwards.

I

.-Ll0

I What had been changed?When che pupils went back to school after the summerholidays, a lot of things had been changed.Write the words in brackets in the past perfect passive.

A lot of trees (plant).I

2oJ

4

5

6nI

8

9

l0

The classrooms

A tennis court

New lights

The fence

Five new classrooms

(put in) .

(paint).

(build).

(taken down).

(add).

(buy) for the chemistry lab.

(install) in the changing rooms.

(put up) in the classrooms.

(rnodernize).

New equipment

Showers

New blackboards

The whole school

Chapter 2l

Graffiti competitionPut the verbs into the future passive.

Illlllllllll

--l:-l:1

==1.-l

J-!

-ln-ILJ

:llr

$raffiti co?nfefit;onA graffiticompetition'. tatlll be h*ld' (hold)

next week for all Merton's young artists. The age limit

is fifteen.

/\v

All competitors 1 (invitelto attend a

graffiti session in thetown hallfrom 2 pm to 6 pm on

Saturday the ninth of September. Competitors

(ask) to create graffiti designs for

the entrance of the new town hall, which

(open) at the beginning of the month.

Large sheets of paper and spray paint

(providel. : . Jt l f !: ) f ' *

Entries I (judge) by five

professional artists.,1-h$r;: dfi

{ ' t '

t raWinners 6 (contacted) by

telephone on the thirteenth of September. The names of * ' i t

\dAr '* [the winners Z (print) in

'Merton News' on the fifteenth of September.

Three prizes of €50, f,10, f20 q (award).

Prizes s (presentl by the Mayor.

Thewinner 1o (invite)to spray paint the

entrance hall of the new town hall with the winning design.

/f€EE6A

\@

7 The Olympic Games

-

:

tItj

IIIIItItlll

-*4-. '

Put the verbs in brackets into the present simplepassive, the past simple passive, the present perfectpassive or the future passive.

Do you know how often the Olympic Games > atw htJd-

(hold)? They l- (hold) everyfour years. The

first Olympic Games (hold) at Olympia, in

ancient Greece, nearly 3,000 years ago. The tradition

(continue) from776 BC toAD 393. Even

wars 1 (postpone), so that everyone could

trayel safely to the Games. The Games I (ban)

in 394.

In 1890 the modern Games 9 (found) by a

Frenchman called Baron de Coubertin in Athens.

Originally, the Games (set up) for amateurs.

Amateurs are people who (not pay) to play

the sport whereas professionals (pay). Since

1984 some professional athletes, such as football players,l0 (allow) to take part.

Before the Games begin, the Olympic torch l l

(light) at Olympus by a mirror reflecting the sun. Then itl2 (carry) by runners to the city where the

Games l3 (hold). Sometimes by the time the

last runner enters the stadium, the tmch 14

(carry) half-way round the world.

Do you knowwhere the next Olympic Gamesl5 (hold)?

22 The plane is being repaired

The Bells have taken Trig to the airport.

JENNv Look, Trig, that plane is beingrepaired.

NrcK And thatAirbus is being re-fuelled.

JENNv And over there passengers are beingtaken to the 747 bybns.

rRrc Things are so complicated here. Myspaceship was much easier to . . .

NrcK . . . crash?

Grammar lesson

The passive: continuous formsThe passive is often used in the presentcontinuous and in the past continuous.

am/are/is + being + past participle

was/were + being + past participle

The present continuous passive shows us thatsomething is taking place now.

Active Mechanics are refuelling the plane.Passive The plane is beingrefuelled.

The past continuous passive shows us thatsomething was taking place at a stated orknown time in the past.

Active Mechania uerc refuelling the plnnc.Passive The planeutas beingre-fircllcd whtn

thq aniaed.

We can use by + person/thing if we wish tosay who or what did the action.

The passive: infinitive formWe form the passive infinitive with be + pastparticiple. Verbs such as san, must, may,might, have to, should often come before it.

The passive: continuous andinfinitive forms

\4hat is being done?What is being done at the airport? Completethe sentences by putting the verbs in bracketsin the present continuous passive.

,:

I

-l

iI

-l

!

-l

=Someone's

(check).

1 Someone's luggage

(weigh).

2 Now labels

3 Now the cases

onto the conveyor belt.

A flight

over the loudspeaker.

5 Passports

6 Passengers

ricket i,t bana ch*:**/

l

(stick on).1

(put) -

(announce)

(check)

Chapter 22

to the aircraft by bus.

(drive)

I protestl

\Irs Neal is angry. She is complaining to themavor of Merton.Put the sentences into the present continuouspassive.

You are wasting too much money.Too much monE is being wasted.You are not improving education.Education is not being improued.

You are not helping old people.You are spending money on the wrongthings.You are not helping unemployed people.You are doing nothing against crime.You are not cleaning the streets.You are wasting money on dinners andparties.

7 You are building too many offices.8 You are not improving the health service.9 You are doing nothing against pollution.

I0 You are not lowering taxes.

I2

The o,c hor-iseOne dar',Jennv noticed thatjobs were beingdone to an old house in Park Street.Look at the picture and use the pastcontinuous passive of the words from thebox to write what was being done.

build deliver plantwash take away pur upcut paint '/ repair

1

9

q

J

4

5

6n

8

The grass

A nesting box

343

6

The rubbish

A garage

The fence

The windows

Trees

Furniture

Chapter 22

The environment: what can be done?What can be done to make the Earth a saferand better place?

AN

PAUL

MARY

TINA

d(

N( TONY

KATE

. />->')

J

-

f

j

J

=

j

C

]

-

-

j

-

J

00

J

We must find ways ofpreventing oil spills.

We shouldn't useproducts which damagethe ozone layer.

7s,>\)

Chapter 22

DAVE

\ltrat did they say?Ilake the sentences passive.

a*-d, l.t'wtt-'

I

2

3

4

3

6

7

8

I

10

TONY

BETH

KATE

PAUL

MAX

MARY

JoHN

TINA

JOE

Ltz

DAVE

JiI

.t

Think of some more things thatcan/could,/must etc. be done to save our planet. Write ashort paragraph in the passive.

t

J

JI

J

JJJI

.,1

J

Don't be so impatient!Nick often has great plans but he doesn't alwayshave the patience to follow things through.Use the words from the box to tell Nick what hasto be done before he can do these things.

exams/pass ticketsr/buyparents' permission /give notes/learn '/f500,/save sPecial maPs/buYdarkroom/build skis/buyvisa/obtain

Nick wants to . . .

Thz notzs haue to be lzarnzd before you can uritz masic.

1 take skiing lessons2 go on a school trip3 go to Nepal4 go to university5 go to the rock concert6 buy a mountain bike7 trek through the mountains8 develop photos

Chapter 22

23 I want to be a

JENNY What do you want to be?

JANE Dad wants me to be a dentist but I wantto be a doctor. I'm learning to do firstaid. Itwon't be easy, but I have decidedto work hard at school. What about you?What would you like to do?

JENNv Well, I like reading. I would Iike to studylanguages and literature. I hope to go touniversity. Then I would like to workabroad for a while. UncleJoe hasoffered to help me. He could help meto get ajob in the States.

JANE Will your parents allow you to leaveEngland?

JENNv Why not? Theywould prefer me to stayhere, but it's up to me. And what aboutBen?

JANE He has decided to become PrimeMinister. . .

Verbs with to + infinitive

Grammar lesson

Verbs with to + infinitive1 We use to + infinitive after these verbs:

afford learn planagree manage promisedecide offer wanthope

2 We can use an object (you, me, Ben etc.)+ to + infinitive after these verbs:

doctor

allowaskhelp

invite teachprefer want

JBEN MARTH6OKPM

Will thq allowyoutohaae England?

3 After would like/love/prefer/hate we useto + infinitive. r-

But when there is no would, we often usethe ing form after like, love, prefer and

r

hate.

( I

t r '6tL

o3f l i)L

,.al

o)

4

Chapter 23

me ajob at his garage. MAx

I hope to study biology andchemistry.I love doingexperiments. I would like to bea research scientist one day. Ihope I manage to get ajob at auniversity.

Cornplete the sentences with the verbs inbrackets. Use to + infinitive or an ing form.

llax has decided >to betantt- (become) a

mechanic, because he likes > lP-Pam'ng

(repair) cars.

Max's uncle has offered. ] (give)

him ajob, but he would like 1

(have) his own garage one day.

Marion wants 1 (be) a research

scientist because she likes 1 (do)

experiments. She would like I

to university. She hopes 9 (study)

biology and chemistry.

Jill would love (have) an

outdoorjob because she likes I

(rvork) with animals. She doesn't like

(stay) indoors. She has decided

(leave) school next year. She

would love l l (be) a game warden

or a gardener.

Dave is learning

guitar. He hopes

pop star, because he likes la

(write) music. He wants l5 (earn)

a lot of money because he would likel6 (buy) a big house for his family.

What doldon't you like doing?What would,/wouldn't you like to be?Write a short paragraph.

MARION

We can't afford to buy manythings at home, so I would liketo have ajob that pays well -like a pop star. I'm learning toplay the guitar - I'm prettygood. I would love to buy a bighouse for my family.

I don't like being indoors. Iwould hate to have ajob in anoffice. I would prefer to be agardener or a game warden. Ihave decided to leave schoolnext year. I don't want to doany more exams.

Say the ansrvers to the questions in fullsentences.

He wants to be a mechanic.

He would Loue to buy a big housefor hisfamily.

I Whowants to be a research scientist?2 What is Dave learning to play?3 Who doesn't want to do any more exams?4 Whatwould Marion like to get?5 Whatwould Dave like to be?6 What does Marion hope to study?7 Who would prefer to have an outdoorjob?8 What hasJill decided to do?9 Whatwould Max like to have one day?

10 What has Max's uncle offered to do?

(go)

l0

t2 (play) the

(become) al3Fp

t

-

*t

DAVE

Chapter 23

2 What about you?Say eight sentences about yourself using the to +infinitive form. Use words from the lists or useyour own ideas.

have offeredcan (not) affordhave decided (not)hopehave promised (not)have (not) agreedwould (not) like(don't) wantcan (not) manage

buy a motor bike/car/boatdo all the houseworkstay out latebecome a film star/rock star/international modelspend lots of money on clothes,/shoesread every play by Shakespearedo nothing all daylive in the mountainsstudy physics at universitywrite a book about centipedesbecome an opera singerlearn every word in the English languageplay professional basketball

3 ConflictsWhat do theywantto do?What do other people want them to do?Write the answers.

Saturday.Why don't you go to the bowlingalley with me instead?

Iertn l ^ru4tA to.qo h lltz a*tr:nn, bo&

fat t wwO*^UoO*Uo* *

JENNv I'm going to watch television now.AMANDA Let's go to the snack bar instead.

BEN I'm going to give my old computergames to my cousins.

AMANDA Oh? Can'tyou give them to me?

JANE

I rouNICK

I'm going to the music shop.Why don't you go to the fun-fairwith me instead?

j

j

=-

D

-r

-n

JANE I'm staying at home tonight.AMANDA That's boring. Go to the basketball

game with me.

I'm going to visit my'friends inLondon tomorrow.Can't you visit them nextweekinstead?

6 MIKE

SUE

I want to go to the air show onSunday.Can'tyou go with me on Saturday?

I'm going to the swimming pool.But you said you would help mewith my chemistry.

7 ;eNnBEN3 BEN

TOM

- r

r

--lI

TlChapter 23

I'd like them to . . .\thatwould you like other people to do?Sav nvo things that you would like each of thesepeople to do:

rour friendlour parents (father/mother)vour brother/sister

I would lihe ry friend to go to town with me on Saturday.I would like my mother to stop complaining about rny clothes.

L

-4

1IIl_

c

JI

3

II

J

IIIIJ

_.l

J

Message:

ilIystery messageNick has found this strange message in his pocket.Can you work out what it says? Write it in thespace below

CIue: cross out these letters

bl ' / i l a3 cl k4 b4 d3 k2 dl mli3 h3 j4 c2 e4 m2 h2 12 i4 a4

abcdefghi jk lm

I ><W O W A N T O Y O U R

TOOMEETOMENKO

TINOTHEMOPARK

THATOTENNIS

I

I

3

4

I

d

-t

Ia

I

I

I

J-Chapter 23

- l

24 If you hadn't . . . Conditional sentences type 3;rrnaft might for possibility

JENNv Nick, catch the ball! Oh no, look whatyou've done. You've broken the lamp.

NrcK If you hadn't thrown the ball so high,Iwouldn't have knocked it off the table. Itwasn't really my fault.

JENNv Well, whose faultwas it? If you hadlooked, you would have seen it .

NrcK It's too late now. We maybe able to stick ittogether. Then Mum might not notice.

JENNv It's too risky. She mightwant to use iLWhy don't wejust tell her what happened?

NrcK And get my pocket money stoppedagain? Not likely!Where's the glue?

Grammar lesson

Conditional sentences tFpe 3We use if + past perfect + would have + pastparticiple for unreal situations in the past.

if clause Main clausepast perfect would have + past participle

We imagine a condition or situation in thepastwhich was impossible or didn't happen.

look)

When the if clause comes first, we usually usea comma (,) after it. We can also put themain clause first:

hadn'tthrcutn the ball so high.

mray, might for possibilityWe use may dr might + infinitive without to totalk about something that is possible now orin the future. Both mean'perhaps'.

(= Perhaps we can stick it.)She migfut notnotice.(= Perhaps she will not notice.)

Will you lend me your bike?Complete the sentences with the words inbrackets in the past perfect or with would have+ past participle.

BEN Will you lend me your bike? I have to get

to basketball training in five minutes.

NrcK The last time I lent it to you, you got a

flat tyre and didn't repair it.

BEN Well,I > unu'l^d*t Lu'w goL 6ot

get) a flat tyre if you,l<al" prrt (put) enoughair in it.

NrcK That's not true. You rode straight over

some broken glass.

BEN Weil,I l (not

ride) over2

the glass if someone

(left) it all over

the road. Besides, IJ (go) round the -

glass, if a car !

(not come) from the other direction.

NrcK Well, you could have stopped.

BEN 1 5 (stop) if the

(notbrakes

fai l).

NrcK Well, you should have checked the

brakes before you started. I

(not lend) you -

my bike if I

(know) that the brakes weren't working.

Chapter 24

24 If you hadn't . . . Conditional sentences type 3;maft might for possibility

JENNv Nick, catch the ball! Oh no, look whatyou've done. You've broken the lamp.

NrcK If you hadn't thrown the ball so high,Iwouldn't have knocked it off the table. Itwasn't really my fault.

JENNv Well, whose faultwas it? If you hadlooked, youwould have seen it.

NrcK It's too late now. We maybe able to stick ittogether. Then Mum might not notice.

JENNv It's too risky. She mightwant to use it.Why don'twejust tell herwhat happened?

NrcK And get my pocket money stoppedagain? Not likely! Where's the glue?

Grammar lesson

Conditional sentences type 3We use if + past perfect + would have + pastparticiple for unreal situations in the past.

if clause Main clausepast perfect would have + past participle

We imagine a condition or situation in thepast which was impossible or didn't happen.

look)

When the if clause comes first, we usually usea comma (,) after it. We can also put themain clause first:

hadn't thrown the ball so high-

rnay, might for possibilityWe use may dr might + infinitive without to totalk about something that is possible now orin the future. Both mean 'perhaps'.

(= Perhaps we can stick it.)She migfut notnotice.(= Perhaps she will not notice.)

Will you lend me your bike?Complete the sentences with the words inbrackets in the past perfect or with would have+ past participle.

BEN Will you lend me your bike? I have to get

to basketball training in five minutes.

NrcK The last time I lent it to you, you got a

flat tyre and didn't repair it.

BEN Well,I > umu,l^dnt h"ate goL @ot

get) a flat tyre if you> hal, p4rt (put) enough

air in it.

NrcK That's not true. You rode straight over

some broken glass.

BEN Well , I l (not

(left) it all over

the road. Besides, I3

glass, if a car !

(not come) from the other direction.

NrcK Well, you could have stopped.

BEN 1 5 lstop) if the

brakes

fai l).

(not

NrcK Well, you should have checked the

brakes before you started. I

(not lend) you

my bike if I 9

ride) over the glass if someone

rIlI

1lI

(go) round the -

(know) that the brakes weren't workinS.l

Chapter 24

-IIr

Ji

I!-

FleroesLook at these newspaper headlines about people whohave done heroic acts.\.trrite sentences about them with the words providedand if.

not hear their cries not find them not go jogging not find the childTf lrz h.a.dn't hpnd" bh,el,r cr&! lLe

wula* hatre fat*d- tAnm.

t Gonstable Pierce pulled woman from s Jimmy Bond warned motorists ofexploding cararrive one minutelater

be too late

Christie Combe saved cat from treenot find a ladder not be able to save it

collapsed bridgenot walk along river not see the bridge

Karen Wright saved man from drowningnot taken a first aid not know what to docourse

not hear the thieves'plan

g Ken Spudgen warned police of hold-upWalkman not stopworking

AccidentsThe people in the doctor's waiting room haveall had accidents. Read what happened. Thenmake sentences with if. like this:

He broke his arm.If he hadn't fallen off his biqcle, he wouldn'thaae brokm his arm.

1 Mrs King fell off a ladder.She broke her arm.

2 Mrs Fox dropped the iron.She burned her hand.

3 Mr Brown slipped on a banana skin.He nvisted his ankle.

Mr Bell walked into a lamp post.He bumped his head.Mrs Green fell down the stairs.She hurt her knee.Miss Page didn't fasten her seat belt.She broke her nose.Mr Grey didn't pay attention.He shut the door on his finger.

Jimmy tried to do a trick.He got his head stuck in a chair.

Chapter 24

4 Are you influenced by advertisiog?

Jenny has asked people if they are influenced byadvertising. Here are some of the answers.

No.I don't think so. Ibought this watch lastweek. I had seen acommercial for it onTV, but it's a good,reliable watch. I wouldhave bought it even if Ihadn't seen thecommercial.

Yes, I'm sure that I am.Yesterday I boughtthese trainers. If Ihadn't read aboutthem, I would havechosen a cheaper pair.I wouldn't have paid somuch money if the adhadn't influenced me.

F

F

F

BILL

I think everybody isinfluenced byadvertising. Last week Ibought a newshampoo. If I hadn'tseen a magazine ad forthe product, I wouldn'thave tried it.

PAT

What did they say? Read the sentences andsay if they are true or false. Correct the falsestatements.

hadn't seen a commercial on TV.Fake. He would haue bought the uatch anyuay.

1 Rob would have bought a cheaper pair oftrainers if he hadn't read an ad for theexpensive pair.

2 Patwould have tried the new shampoo,even if she hadn't read about it.

3 Ann's jumper would have lost its colour,even if she had paid more.

4 Rob would have bought the expensivetrainers anyway.

5 Bill would have bought the watch even if hehadn't seen the commercial.

6 Rob would have paid more money if hehadn't seen the ad.

No. I buy whatever isthe cheapest. But it'snot always a good idea.Last week I bought acheap red jumper andthe colour came out. IfI had bought a betterjumper, itwould havekept its colour.

ANN

Think of the commercials you have seen andthe things you have bought recently. Think ofsomething you bought because you had seen acommercial on TV or an advertisement in amagazine.If you hadn't seen the products adverrised,would you have bought them anyway?Write a short paragraph.

ROB

-

Chapter 24

ItJ

IIf

IJI

IIIIIIIII

SituationsSay what you would have done if these thingshad happened to you.

She told a shop assistant what she had seen.If I had seen sornzone steal sornething, I uouldhaae done the same thing. oxIf I had seen sonuone steal something, I wouldnot haue said anything.

1 Jim saw a car accident. He didn't helpimmediately, but he ran into a shop totelephone an ambulance.

2 Mike heard a friend tell a lie. He didn't sayanything. Later he asked the friend why hehad lied.

3 Susan found a purse in the street. There wasonly a little money in it and no importantpapers or cards. There was no one in thestreet. She kept the money.

4 A stranger asked Pat for some money in thestreet. The stranger said he had to gosomewhere urgently by taxi and hadforgotten his wallet. Pat gave him themoney and her telephone number.

5 A TV reporter was asking passers-by theiropinion about TV programmes. Davidwanted to be on television, so he combedhis hair and went up to the reporter.

FearsGive reasons why some people don't like thefollowing things. What do they think mighthappen? Say your answers.

Thq think the plane rnight rash.

I Some people don't like going in lifts.2 Some people don't like driving in cities.3 Some people don't like dogs.4 Some people don'r like being in the dark.5 Some people don't like heights.6 Some people don't like snakes.

About youSay five things thatyou maylmight (not) dowhen you leave school.

Use these ideas or think of your own:

go to universitygo abroadget ajob in England for a yearget marriedgo to Hollywoodjoin the armybecome a professional football player

I might not stay in this country.I may get a job ahroad ...

chapter 24

I

25 Play it more slowly Comparison of adverbs; wish + pasr perfect

rI

rl

ri

rI

rII

7II

rI

tII

l.II

rI1_

,-

r

Mike and his band are practising a new song.Nick is l istening.

MrKE Stop! It's all wrong. It should be playedmore slowly.

RoN Well, I think we should play it faster.And what's going on, Pete? You'replaying worse than yesterday.

eETE Look who's talking. You're not doingany better yourself.

MrKE Relax. We'll just have to work harder atit. Sorry, Nick. I wish you had heard uslast night. We were pretty good. In fact,we played the best ever.

NrcK You sounded fine to me. But wasn't it abit loud?

RoN We play more quietly when theneighbour starts banging on the wall.

Grammar lesson

Comparison of adverbsAdverbs of manner describe how we dothings (carefully, badly, slowly, well etc.).

we use more and the most to compareadverbs ending with -ly.

quick more quickly most quicklyslowly more slowly most slowly

starts banging on the wall.

We compare irregular adverbs in the sameway as adjectives with -er/-est.

fast faster fastesthard harder hardestearly earlier earliest

Here are some more irregular adverbs:

well better bestbadly worse wcirstmuch more mostlittle less least

We playd the best we'ue euer played.

We use than to make comparisons in thesame way as with adjectives.

wish + past perfectWe use wish + past perfect to talk aboutsomething in the past that we regret. Wecannot change what happened or didn'thappen.

didn't hear us last night)

l

Chapter 25

l

Io

tttLt

Do it wellComplete the table with adverbs in the correct form.

adverb comparative zuperlative

KT

slowly ) tl.tnr<- sla^/,,t1 most slowly

fast > fa-tnr I

well 9 best

easily 3 4

quietly 5 6

I worse 8

much 9 l0

11 more carefully t2little l3 t4

thoroughly l5 r6l7 earlier 18

l9 20 hardest

Which ones could youdo the easiest - I meanmost easily?

I

III1111IIj-_-

Faster than eYer beforeComplete the advertisements by putting anadverb from the box in the comparative form.Sometimes more than one answer is oossible.

mrrc thtrculhlg rhan ever before!

3 Deepsleep will help you to sleepthought possible.

4 BREATT{EASY

well gentlyfast thoroughly ./quickly soundlyeasily y'

than ever

than you

6 With the tt"* POp Up camera your photos will rurn out

1

SpOtleSS makes your spots disappear n'arc utU'? tSOFTWOOL washes your pullovers

than any other washing powder.

2 Drul b&a,P,will cleanse your face

before.

will make colds disappear

than any other medicine.

5 Wirh l{ilOf-Off you will lose weight

than you dared to imagine.

than ever before!

3a

I

fI

F,I

F'-

F

-

l'I

FI

FII

p1

I

FIII

pI

I

F

--i

I

I

8

ResolutionsAt the beginning of a newyear Ben always makesresolutions to do things better.Complete his resolutions for this year withadverbs from the box in comparative form.Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

early quietlyneatly regularlylittle ,/ muchhard goodseriouslv

in class.

lr*4

I

I

3

4

t

6

I will take school

I will go to bed

I will write

I will do my homejwork

I will behave at school.

I will train for the

school football. team.

I will play my radio

I will work for exams.

Write three resolutions. Whatwill you do betternext year? Use the comparative form of theadverbs in (a) or others.>I wWta'ktwark rnorc- serhu9.

Iwish. . .What do theywish they had or hadn't done?Say sentences with wish + past perfect.

He wishes he hadn't spmt all his none) on acanrcra.

I Jenny bought a skirt that she didn'treally like.

Jane sold her Walkman.Tom lost his bicycle lock.Nick didn't enter the graffiti competition.Amanda didn't buy the leather belt that sheliked.Mike moved the furniture around in hisroom.

Jenny missed rwoepisodes of her favouritesoaP opera.Ben didn't go to Max's party.

I

34.)

6

7

8

5 What do you wish you had done?Think of what you did or didn't do last week.Are there things you wish you had done orhadn't done?Say three things.

t t

-

t

_--r

t

t

--il

- r !f - l

I will work less. I will eatmore quickly.

Chapter 25

I

I

G

It's too late . . .Read the sentences and write what thev wish thev hador had not done.

I didn't ask what her name was.I un"l4. t h^aJ- a*kei- uthaf, /12

nO.tU2. hmrl

I I didn't ask her where she lived.

2 I told her that she had a funny voice.

I didn't tell her that I usually come here onSaturdays.

4 I left early.

5 I wasn't nice to him.

6 I pretended not to be interested.

I told him I was here with someone else.L

8 I didn't tell him my name.

L

t-

Chapter 25

26 Do you want to go Verbs with to + infinitive or ing form

JENNY

AMANDA

JENNY

AMANDA

JENNY

AMANDA

JENNY

Hi. How are you?

Bored. What are we going to dotoday?

Well, do youwant to play tennis?

My racket's broken and I can't affordto buy another one.

Do you feel like swimming?

I can't stand swimming. You get allweL

Jane has invited us to go riding withher.

AMANDA I don't know how to ride. Tom

offered to teach me once but thehorse kicked me as soon as I wentnear. I refirsed to carry on.

JENNY Nickwanted us to go to the zoo withhim.. .

AMANDA I'm against keeping animals in zoos. Istopped visiting zoos two years ago.

JENNY I don't know what to suggest. Youdon'twant to do anything.

AMANDA Exactly! That's why I'm so bored.

r We always use the ing form of a verbwhich follows avoid, dislike, enjoy, feellike, finish, can't help, don't mind, risk,can't stand, suggest etc.

I can'tstandwimming.

r We always use the ing form of a verbwhich follows a preposition.

She is for stopping pollution.

Verbs with ing form

Grammar lesson

Verbs with to + infinitive

r We use to + infinitive after afford, agree,decide, hope, manage, offer, promise,refuse, seem, want etc.

r We use a to + infinitive after the questionwords when, what, where, how etc. (butnot after*hy).

r We use to + infinitive after some verbs +objecs (me, Tom). For example, advise,ask, expect, help, invite, order, persuade,tell, want etc.

to + infinitive or ing form?

j

.

j

7

After some verbs we can use to + infinitive or an ing formwithout an important qhange in meaning. These verbs arebegin, continue, hate, like, love, start and a few others.

After stop and r(Fnember we can use a to + infinitive oran ingform, but there is a change in meaning.

I stopped tn aisit a zoo. (= purpose, in order to visit a zoo)

I rcmembaeil ta bry tlu tichzts. (= I didn't forget to bty . . . )

J

j-

Chapter 26

nF

II

L I want to work

Put the verbs into the correct lists.

enjoy ./ risk dislikewant ,/ don't mind refusepromise can't stand offercan't help hope seemdecide

> want,

+ to work

> ea,loLl-

+working

Work with a partner.Your partner says averb from (a) above.You must say a correct sentence with the verbbefore your partner has counted to ten.

four. . .I promise to help you with yourhornanork.

Now you choose a verb for your partner andstart counting to ten.

Thomas Edison

Complete the story about the inventor ThomasEdison with to + infinitive or an ing form.

Thomas Edison was one of the greatest inventors

of all time. But as a child, he didn't enjoy,jry_- (go) to school.

When Edisonwas onlyseven, the headmaster

decided I (expel) him because he

(do) his school work. Herefused ?

onlywent to school for three months,

but he never stopped I (learn).

His mother managed 1 (teach)

him the most important things, and she

persuaded him 5- (read) about

Illlll

science. He didn't mind

at home and he enjoyed

trarns.

He loved

(stay)

(read).

He couldn't afford 8- (buy)

the books he needed, so at twelve he began

(sell) newspapers and sweets in

(do) experiments,

and he set up a laboratory in the luggage van of

a train. When he was older, he invented the

phonograph and the light bulb.

Do you know the story of Edison and the egg?

He wanted U (boil) his egg

himself, so he asked his housekeepert2 (bring) an egg and a pan of

hot water to his laboratory. She told him13 (not forget) about the egg.

He seemed t4 (listen) to her.

But when she returned half an hour later he

was boiling his watch and timing it with the egg.

l0

1111111

YOU

Chapter 26

3 First aidWhat do you know about first aid?Use words from each list to make eight sentences.

I knowI don't knowI'm not sureI'd have to find out

howwherewhatwhen

to do if someone faintsto help someone who has swallowed poisonto bandage a cutto do with a broken armto feel someone's pulseto stop bleedingto do with a burnto treat a person in shockto move an unconscious personto do if someone is choking

4 A questionnaire about smokinga Use the verbs in brackets with to + infinitive

or an ing form to complete the questions.Then put a y' in one of the boxes.

I

,

3

Would you advise people (stop)?

Are you against (advertise) cigarettes?

Do you dislike (breathe) other people's

smoke?

Would you refuse (let) people smoke in

a car?

Do you mind people

Do most people start

Should shopkeepers refuse

cigarettes to children?

Can most smokers manage

Do smokers risk

Are most teenagers persuaded

bv their friends?

5

611I

8

I

10

(damage)

(smoke) around you?

(smoke) too young?

(sell)

(stop) smoking?

their health?

yes no notsure

ntvnnnn!!

nnn

nnNT!n

ntrnnn!

nnn

nnn

C

3

]

J

,

i

---l

-l

--

-lI

- r l

II

- r l

--lI

r l

I

(smoke)

b Write your opinion about smoking in a short paragraph.

Dnn

1J 5 Remernber to do it

I a Ring the correct answer, then write it in.

I

I Smnkt rtq tp1_____v_ .-n years ago. a letter.

a smokeb to smoke

ln

| (9 smoking

I Mrs Bell must remember the 8 Jenny, stop your nails! Don'tI

I butcher to order the meat for the weekend. be so nervous!

a to phoneb phoningc phone

a talkingb to talkc talk

a to Payb payrngc Pay

a to talkb talkc talking

:

5 Nick can remember to school

for the first time.

a togobgoc going

6 Ben didn't remember his

bicycle. The brakes still squeak.

a oilingb to oilc oil

a to Postb postc Posting

a bitingb to bitec bite

a goingbgoc togo

c Write three things thatyou can remember doingwhen you were a small child.

2 on herway home from school,Jenny g I didn't remember to thestopped to some friends. bank. Now I have no money.

3 The milkman thinks that Mrs Bell forgot to 10 Jenny can remember off herpay him, but she can remember bicycle and her leg when she

was six.

a to fall, breakingb falling, to breakc falling, breaking

the bill.

4 Mr Blake asked the class to stop b write three things thar you must remember todo before next weekend.

Chapter 26

27 They will have f;nished

Jenny andJane have come to watch rhe MertonMarathon.

JANE What time is it?

JENNY It 's nine o'c lock.

JANE By ten thirty the runners will havefinished.

JENNv No. They won't have finished by then.The women will not even have started bythen.

JANE What time do they start?

JENNv The men's race starts at nine thirty andthe women's race starts at eleven thirty.

JANE By the time they arrive, we will havebeen waiting for hours.

JENNv Yes, and they will have been running forhours.

Future perfectPresent simple

_lr l

_l-l-l

i- lJ

simple and continuousfor future time

Grammar lesson

Future perfect simpleWe form the future perfect simple with will +have + past participle.

We use the future perfect simple to talkabout actiotrs thatwill be completed at aparticular time in the future.

Now Future

Action X

this timp next week,tornorroto, ten thirty

The future perfect is often used with by (= upto) + point of time (by then, by next week, bythe year 2000 etc.).

Future perfect con tinuousWe form the future perfect continuous withwiII have been + ing form.

We use the future perfect continuous foractions that start in the future and continueto happen up to a particular time in thefuture. It is often used with for + length oftime(for hours etc.). \

Present simple for future timeWe use the present simple with a futuremeaning to talk about fixed or arrangedtimes, for example, timetables and official

Programmes.

rChapter 27

Find the answers

Find the future perfect simple and the futureperfect continuous forms in the list below. Writethe letter in brackets in the right box to find theanswers to the questions below.

Future Futureperfect perfectsimple cont.

F

Future perfect continuous:How many states are there in the USA?

Pocket money

Do you save some of your pocket monev, or doyou spend it all? This is how muchJenny andNick and their friends save or spend in a week:

spends

li- i

ta

tl-1

I

!III

l0

1l

llI1III1I

he will have left (E)

he will have been reading (F)

it will be raining (P)

she won't have been waiting (I)

theywill have finished (D)

will it have landed? (I)

she will be invited (Z)

will he have been working? (F)

it will have been raining (T)

will we have arrived? (N)

he will be reading (A)

I won't have been watching (Y)

he won't have started (B)

they will have written (U)

we will have been learning (T)

I will have gone (R)

he won't be asked (S)

you will have done (G)

will they have been skiing? (W)

she will have been talking (O)

we will have left (H) -

Future perfect simple:What is the capital of Scotland?

5opf1f2.50f 1.50nothing

Imagine that today is the first day of February.Answer the questions in full sentences.

ofFebruary?By the end of FebruaryJenny wiII haue saued f,8.

middle of March?By the middle of March Nich will haue spmt f,21.

I How much will Ben have saved by the endofFebruary?

2 How much pocket moneywillJane havereceived by the end ofFebruary?

3 How much will Amanda have saved by themiddle of March?

4 How much willJane have spent by themiddle of March?

5 How much pocket money will Nick havereceived by the middle of March?

6 How much will Nick have saved by themiddle of March?

7 How much will Tom have saved by the endof March?

8 How much willJenny have spent by the endof March?How much pocket moneywill Tom havereceived by the end of March?How much will Ben have spent by the endof March?Who will have saved the most by the end ofMarch?Who will have spent the most by the end of

March?

chapter2l I

JennyNickTomAmanda

JaneBen

f2f3.50f4f 1.50f2.50f3.50

E

t2

43 What will they have done?

Write a, b or c in the gap and read thecompleted sentences.

their newspaper.

a will have been completingb have completed

@ *ill have completed

By Wednesday afternoon, Tom - four

people.

a will have interviewedb will interviewc will be interviewed

2 By tomorrow nightJenny - four articles.

a will be writtenb will have writtenc won't have been writing

When the newspaper comes out, they -

on it for six weeks.

a will workb will have been workingc won't have been working

They hope that by the end of next week

they - 2,000 copies.

a will be soldb will have soldc won'I have sold

Nick hopes that by the end of the year they

- rich and famous.

a won't becomeb becamec will have become

By next month, Amanda - seven

articles.

a will have writtenb will have been writingc will write

About youWrite the answers in full sentences.Use for + length of time.

English by the end of this school year?

How long will you have been living in yourtown by next summer?

How longwil,l you have been living in yourhouse or flat by next year?

How long will you have known your Englishteacher by the end of this school year?

How long will you haveby next summer?

known your best friend

How long will you have been Watching yourfavourite TV programme by the end of thisyear?

How long will you have been attending yourpresent school by the end of the school year?

E

chapter 27

ls

lII

A trip to CornwallMr Blake is taking his class to Cornwall. Look at hisitinerary and complete the questions or answers inthe present simple.

l6nday9 .30 a.m. leave Merton

Iunch in Bath5.00 p.m. arr ive in padstow

Tuesdaymorning visit Tintagel,

King Arthur, s Castleafternoon go swinrning

tlednesdaymorning, visit North Cornwall Museumafternoon go riding or rock-climbing

Thursdaymorningr vis i t seal sanctuary

Fri&y9 .30 a.m. Ieave Padstow

lunch in Wells5.00 p.m. arr ive in Merton

Questions

When do we leave Merton?

Whtle da n,e h.u/<. Utlr'l/L?

Answers

We l*a'w Matnn ow Mon^d.att at 1.go

In Bath.

We arrive at about 6 in the evening.

On Wednesday morning.

On Tuesday afternoon.

On Friday morning at 9.30.

In Wells.

I

234

3

6

8

I

l0

When do we visit the seal sanctuary?

When do we go rock-climbing?

When do we go to Tintagel?

When do we go riding?

IIl

\4hen do we arrive home?

Chapter 27

2S Going to Cornwall Tense review

Amanda, Nick andJane have gone to Cornwallon a school trip. So far, they have been having agreat time. There has only been one smallproblem.

Yesterday, they visited a castle. Many touristsvisit it every year. Amanda had never seen suchan old castle before. She started exploring it byherself. Then it happened. Amandawaslooking for secret passages in a small roomwhen the wind blew the door shut, She wastrapped. She had been shouting for half anhour before Nick andJane found her.

Grammar lesson

Present simpleWe use the present simple for repeatedactions and for facts that do not change.

Past simpleWe use the past simple for an action whichstarted and finished in the past, often withan expression of past time (last year, in 1969etc.) .

Present perfect simpleWe use the present perfect simple for acompleted action at an unknown or unstatedtime (without a time reference).

know when - and it isn't important.)

Past perfect simpleWe use the past perfect simple for a completedaction in the pastwhich started and finishedbefore another action in the past.

before. She startcd explming it.

iiToday they are visiting the North Cornwall

Museum. They are taking a guided tour.Amanda is staying close to the rest of the class.

Present continuousWe use the present continuous for an actionthat is happening at the moment of speakingor for an action that happens at a time whichincludes the moment of speaking.

Past continuousWe use the past continuous for an actionwhich was happeningwhen another actionstarted.

the windbleut the door shut.

Present perfect continuousWe use the present perfect continuous for anaction which began in the past and continuesup to the present. The action may becompleted or not completed.

Past perfect continuousWe use the past perfect continuous for a pastaction which continued until another pastaction happened.

Nich andJanefound her

?

L7

r

7

7

l

aII

fI

7I

l-

Chapter 28

rp

The firsr rrral i:e soaceCross out the wrong u.rJro.rn, and read about the first man in space.

> began,/hFb€un on April the 12th, 1961. The Russian

lit.IIIIIIIilIItIII

It all

astronaut, Yuri Gagarin, t has been woken up/waswoken up

his doctor. After he 2 was eating/had eaten a breakfast of meat

paste, marmalade and coffee, his doctor

medical examination.

3 gave/has given him a

At 7 o'clock Gagarin 4 wzlked/walks up the platform of Vostok l.

He 5 waved/was waving goodbye to all those who

6 had come/were coming to see him. Then Gagarin

7 disappeared/ was disappearing into the spaceship. Finallv. at

7.58, he

off.

8 has announced/announced that he was ready for take-

Gagarin's flight 9 was lasting/lasted only 108 minutes. During the

flight he had the feeling that he l0 hung,/was hanging

His atlas, pencil and notebook 11 floated /have floated

him in the cabin. Vostock 12 started/has started its return flight at

8.25, after it t3 had orbited,/was orbiting the earth once.

Back on Earth, a farm rvoman and her granddaughter, who

I4 had seen/were seeing

rvere the first people to greet the astronaut. Gagarin

16 had travelled/was travelling Iess than one hour in space, but

he l7 went,/has gone wnere no man 18 had gone/was going

before.

by

in the air.

around

the spaceship as it | 15 landed,/lands

>iA (be) nothing very unusual

about space travel today. Space flights E ;..rr,, > Pluwei' (phone) all(belong) to our modern

Famous names in spacePut the verbs in the present simple, presentperfect simple or past simple to make correctsentences.

Mostpeoprc> ha)/"- se-e,rL (see) several

rocket launches on television. There

world, but thirty years ago sending a satellite

into space 3 (be) very

exciting.

J (you hear) of Laika,

the unlucky dog which the Russians

7957? She I

(orbit) the Earth 330 times and finally

(return) safely.

(you hear) of Valentina

Tereshkova? She lo (circle)

the Earth 48 times in 1963 - she was the first

woman in space.

But there is one name that evervbodvl l (know) - Neil Armstrong,

the first man on the Moon. On the 20th ofJuly

.1969, Neil Armstrong and BvzAldrint2 (land) on the Moon and

The surprise parqLast weekJenny andJane organized a bigsurprise party for Tom's birthdav. This is whathappened but the events are in the wrongorder. Complete the sentences bywriting thewords in brackets in the past simple or the pastcontinuous. Then write a number in the box toshow what order the sentences should be in.

Tom's friends while he, uru P4^g (play) tenniswith

Nick.

(not

(take)

Lo.n

(do).

(cycle) in the

park with Nick when al8

I the guests

(arrive) for the

I *l. Tom 9

in front of the house with Nick. all his

friends 12 (hide).

up the stairs all his friel0

\4rhen Tom l t

the address book to Tol4

(walk)

nds suddenly

(shout), 'Surprise! '

(arrive)

(return)

m's pocket, he

(plan) an article

the whole world I3

them on television. The astronauts74 (be) 385,000 kilometres

from home.

So far, astronauts

the Moon only. Butwill Mars be next?

(watch) I *.r,Jane 13

I5

f *.., Tom lIook) Jenny ?his address book out of his pocket.

(launch) into space in Ll On Saturday morning,Jenny andJane(be) the first (buv) the food for

living creature in space. Unfortunatell', she the party when Tom 1neuer 9 (return). However, a (see) them at the supermarket. But hefew years later, in 1966, the Rpssian dogs (not guess) whatWeterok and Ugoljok Z they 9

Chapter 28

(land) on

withJenny.

Test your tensesHow well do you know your tenses? Ring a, b orc and write in the correct answer.

well latelv. She

looks very pale.

a wasn'tb isn't being

@ hasn't been

7 When Nick came in. thev

were talkingare talkingtalk

about the party.

abc

1 Amanda

castles yet.

a hasn't visitedb is visitingc was visiting

2 Before she had the accident. she

a nrce ume ln

Cornwall.

a has hadb is havingc had been having

In general, Trig

hard work and early mornings.

a doesn't l ikeb wasn't likingc hadn't been liking

I'm sorry, but Nick

out for the da,v.

a has goneb goesc was going

a to the football

game tomorrow/

a Did you comeb Do you comec Are you coming

Who was he? She was sure that she

has seenhid seenis seeing

many old 8 Jenny usually her

work on time. What's happened?

a finishedb finishesc has finished

9 I can't hear a thing! Everyone

at the same time

a talksb has been talkingc is talking

l0 Nlike

it started to rain.

a was washingb washesc is rvashing

I i Nick

football match all week.

a has been uainingb is trainingc trains

12 Trig is speaking Triglonian. I

him.

don't understandwasn't understandinghad been understanding

his car when

for the

abc

abc

III

loohim before.

Chaoter 28

Oxford University PressWalton Sreet, Oxford OX2 6DP

Oxford NervYork Toronto MadridDelhi Bombay Calcutta Madras IbrachiKuala Lumpur Singapore Hong Kong TokyoNairobi Dar es Salaam Caoe TownMelbourne Auckland

and associated companies inBerlin Ibadan

oxFoRD and oxFoRD ENcLIsFiare uade marks of Oxford Universiry Press.

ISBN 0 19 431363 8ISBN 0 l9 431356 5 (Greek edition)@ Oxford University Press 1993First published May 1993Second impression November 1993

AII rights reserved. No part of this publicadon may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording or otherwise, without theprior permission of Oxford Universiq'Press.

This book is sold subject to the condirion thar ir shallnot, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hiredout, or othenvise circulared without the publisher'sprior consent in any form ofbinding or cover otherthan rhat in which it is published and without a similarcondidon including this condition being imposed onthe subsequent purchaser.

Illustrated by Heather Clarke .Tyoeset in Baskerville by Pentacor nrc

Printed in EgyptBy International Printing House

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TRREGULAR VERBS

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Questions

have I worked?have vou worked?has he worked?has she worked?has it worked?have we worked?have you worked?have theyworked?

have I been working?have you been working?has he been working?has she been working?has it been working?have we been working?have you been working?have they been working?

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Past participleleftlentl i rlostmademetpaidputreadriddenrunsaidseensoldsentseIsewnshakenshutsungsat.spokensPentstoodstolenstuck

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(continued from front cover)

Present perfect simple

Long (and short) forms

rsBN- 0-l-9-431363-B

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