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A draft on
Jharkhand State Disaster Management PlanJharkhand State Disaster Management PlanJharkhand State Disaster Management PlanJharkhand State Disaster Management Plan 2011
Prepared by
Disaster Management Department MDI Building , Dhurwa, Ranchi , Jharkhand
834004
Tel:- 0651 – 2403923/2400218
Fax:- 06512400231
Website:- http://jharkhand.gov.in/New_Depts/disma/disma_fr.html email:- [email protected]
Supported by:-
United Nation Development Program ( UNDP )
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Executive summary
The state of Jharkhand was created as 28th state of the Indian union by the Bihar Re-organization Act on 15th November 2000. The state covers 7.970 million hectare area with a population of 26.9 million (as per census 2001). The state has sizable tribal population (26.3%). Jharkhand is historically affected by different types of Natural and Human Disasters. Govt. of Jharkhand has taken proactive steps to strengthen its mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery and rehabilitation strategies to reduce the risk of disasters in the state by creating State Disaster Management Authority at State level, District Disaster Management Authority in all the 24 Districts. Apart from this State Executive Committee is proactively strategiesing and functioning for the Disaster Management of the state. State Steering Committee has also been formed at the department level to govern the Govt. of India and UNDP sponsored Disaster risk reduction program in the state. Disaster management department under the aegis of State executive committee is facilitating the mainstreaming of Flagship development program to reduce the risk of Disaster in the state. Department has taken several initiatives to strengthen the convergence between different line departments and institutions of excellence in state to develop sustainable strategy for various disasters in the state. Government of Jharkhand is well aware of the need to integrate flagship programs for enhancing the coping capacity of community up to village level in the state. Section 23 of NDMA Act 2005 mandates state to develop State Disaster Management Plan. State level Disaster management plan is step towards developing common understanding and perspective on holistic situation of hazard, risk and vulnerability of state at different level and prepares the state, district, block and Panchayat to cope up with the situation of Disaster with a organized and collective way. The plan also envisages strengthening of Institutions in the state as State Disaster Management Authority(SDMA) and District Disaster Management Authority(DDMA) to develop a sustainable mechanism for updating the hazard , risk and vulnerability status of the state as well as of the district and develop a dynamic, contextual and quality plan for this. A detail survey of primary and secondary data has been done to identify the status of incumbent hazard, risk and vulnerability for the state. A series of consultative meeting, seminar and workshop has been conducted to develop a common perspective and functioning awareness among several line departments, institutes, civil societies and media of the state on State Disaster Management Plan. An action plan is developed to update the Sate disaster management plan as per the need from the inputs of Line departments, District and Block administration, PRI, SDMA, DDMA, SEC, SPSC, Media, Experts and Civil societies of Jharkhand. State Disaster Management Plan focuses on the realistic assessment of the hazard risk and vulnerability status , capacity of the line departments , institutions, need for strengthening the disaster specific strategies for the
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state, developing roadmap for the state to develop collective response plan for the different disasters based on emergency support functions , standard operating procedure , skilled human resources , infrastructure and time bound integration plan for integrating disaster risk reduction strategies with flagship development program. The state plan will be disseminated with all kind of stakeholders. A follow plan will be developed with all the stakeholders to abide this plan in terms of their departmental plan as guiding plan to reduce the risk of Disaster in the state. The main vision of this document is to initiate coordinated efforts in between all the line departments of Govt. of Jharkhand to have an effective disaster management strategy for the State, which will reduce the risk of disasters. The other main focus area of this document is to have an extremely quick, efficient and coordinated response and recovery plans in place from the Panchayat to the State level (village being the unit of planning) with a mechanism that will ensure increasing community participation in all disaster preparedness activities.
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Chapter-I Introduction
1.1 The state profile of Jharkhand The spatial extent of Jharkhand State is approximately 21o 55’ to 25o 35’ North Latitude and 83o 20’ to 88o 02’ East Longitude. It is covered by about 160 non-overlapping Survey of India (SOI) toposheets in 1: 50,000 scale. The state is land locked and it shares its boundary with Orissa on the southeast, Chattisgarh on the southwest, Bihar on the north, West Bengal on the east and Uttar Pradesh on the northwest. It comprises of the Chotanagpur Plateau, which forms a part of Deccan bio-geographic province. It is a hilly undulating plateau characterized by predominantly tropical forests and tribal settlements. This State is endowed with natural resources that need to be conserved and utilized in a sustainable manner for all-round development of the state in general and the marginalized tribal population in particular. The State of Jharkhand consists of 24 districts, 33 sub-divisions, 211 blocks and 3759 panchayats and 32620 villages. The total geographical area of the State is 79.70 lakh hectares, out of which 23.22 lakh hectares (29.33%) are under forests; 5.66 lakh hectares (7.12%) are barren lands; 7.24 lakh hectares (9.10%) are put to non-agricultural use; 0.90 lakh hectares (1.15%) are under pastures & other grazing lands; 3.07 lakh hectares (3.86%) are cultivable wastelands; 0.88 lakh hectares (1.11%) are under miscellaneous trees and groves; 12.04 lakh hectares (15.14%) are current fallows; 8.45 lakh hectares (10.63%) are under other fallows; and 17.95 lakh hectares (22.58%) are the net sown area. According to the Census of India 2001, total population of the state is 2,69,09,428 with a sex ratio of 941 and density of population is 338 persons per sq. km.The state of Jharkhand has 14 parliamentary constituencies and 81 assembly constituencies. It has an intermingling population from various ethnic, linguistic and religious backgrounds. According to the 2001 Census, the percentage of the ST population is 26.30 per cent. Total workforce in the state is 31.24 per cent. The literacy rate, according to the 2001 Census, is 54.15 per cent, where Male and Female Literacy are 67.94 and 39.38 per cent respectively. The total number of the Panchayat members is 44209 out of which the percentages of SC, ST and women members are 10.0, 29.0 and 41.1 respectively. The number of electrified villages is 14667 (45.0 per cent of the total villages).26.0 per cent (8484) per cent of the total villages are connected by roads. The lengths of the National Highways and the State Highways are 1006 and 4662 kms respectively. The state of Jharkhand is vulnerable to various natural & human induced disasters which cannot be overlooked as over the years these have been inflicting heavy damage and loss on the state economy. The enactment of the DM Act in December 2005 provided great impetus to the institutionalization of disaster management at the State and District levels. Govt. of Jharkhand has taken proactive steps to translate the ingredients of Disaster Management Act 2005 in to preparedness and mitigation strategies. The state has already constituted State Disaster Management Authority and District Disaster Management Authority in all the 24 Districts. State Executive Body is actively strategizing policies the resources under State Disaster Relief Fund by integrating Flagship Development Programs and Schemes to it. Emergency operation centers at state and district level are formed by Department of Home. Disaster management department has
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also been implementing Disaster Risk Reduction Program in three districts namely Palamau, Sahibgunj & Ramgarh and Urban risk reduction program in Ranchi and Dhanbad city with the support from Ministry of Home affairs, National Disaster Management Authority, Govt. of India and UNDP.
Table I
Administrative Set up
Total Districts 24
Total Commissionaires 5
Total Subdivision 33
Total Developmental Blocks 259
Total Towns 152
Total Corporation 2
Total Nagar Parishad /Panchayat 37
Total Panchayat 4562
Total Village 32615
The state is one of the largest producers of the mineral resources of the country spreading over majority of the districts with a paradox to be among the bottom lying states in terms of development. The production of the mineral resources is given below. The total value of mineral production is amounted to over Rs. 3000 crores. It has got the vast resources in flora and fauna or biodiversity too. In terms of human reserve the state is rich, which can be converted into quality human resources through proper efforts and intervention. The other endowments, like scenic beauty, all over the state with a vast potential for tourism are also unutilized or underutilized. These figures indicate that an area of 24.4 lakh hectares (30.61%) is under agricultural wastelands that have to be beneficially utilized for rural development.
1.1.1 Geology of Jharkhand
Jharkhand endowed with heterogeneous landscape, huge natural resources, dominance of aboriginals habitat and their culture. Heterogeneity is observed in geological formations, physical appearance and patterns of development. Jharkhand the ‘Land of Forests’ is geographically and geologically one of the oldest landmasses, and culturally, one of the oldest regions with vibrant color. This is an integral portion of the Peninsular highland, part of ancient Gondwanaland, portrays areas formed of rock formations ranging from Archeans to Post-tertiary period.
1.1.2 Physical Regions
The state has different relief because of its physiography as it consists of four series of plateaus of having different heights. The highest plateau lies in the west known as Western or Higher Ranchi Plateau or locally known as the Pat region
located at 2500 to 3600 feet above sea level covering northern part of the old Ranchi district and the southern edge of the old Palamu district. The term Pat
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represents a feature similar to a table with steep edges around and a flat top. It is full of dissected hills having a hill station, Netarhat, at the top.
The second plateau is known as Ranchi Plateau having a height of 2000 feet composed of gneisses and granites. It is separated by the Damodar through from the Hazaribagh Plateau. The next plateau is Lower Chotanagpur Plateau consisting mainly of gneisses and granite and partly of schists and other Dharwar rocks.
The other plateaus are the Rajmahal Hills and the Kaimur Plateau. These plateaus are separated by the narrow and steep slopes known as scarps. It is believed that before the Chotanagpur Pen plain was successfully uplifted thrice by the side effect of the three violent Himalayan movements in Tertiary times continued till Pleistocene times resulting in well-known waterfalls like Hundru, Jonha, etc. on the scarps. The first upliftment took place during the Eocene to Oligocene period creating Pat region, the second one during Miocene forming the Ranchi and Hazaribagh Plateau and the third one during Pliocene and Pleistocene period uplifting the outer Chotanagpur Plateau. All plateaus are the parts of the same plain successively uplifted during Tertiary and Pliestocene times. Marvelous eye-catching rare geological/geomorphological features like rejuvenated meandering and deep cutting young rivers like Damodar are the uniqueness in the State. It is rate because of combination of senility with the character of young rivers.
The state has the luxuriant forests and lush green rolling seasonal meadows. Magnificent undulating hills and valleys are the special attraction. The golden river ‘Swarnarekha’ adds melody in the pristine environment along the course. A combination of table-top flat lands and the pen plain with dome shaped exfoliating hillocks resembling like inverted Nagara (drum) are spread over the state. Further, the Tors or the balanced diamond shaped rocks are also present wonderful nature
of the state.
1.1.3 Climate, Temperature and Rainfall
The state falls under the Tropical Monsoon climatic region. The arc of Cancer cuts across the state passing through the middle of the Ranchi City. The average temperature of the state is 25o C, which varies greatly because of varying heights of different plateaus mentioned above. The average temperature of the Pat region is below 23o C while rest of the state records average annual temperature between 23 and 26 o C except the eastern part of Santhal Pargana region, East Singhbhum, Garhwa, Palamu and the northern part of Chatra districts where it is above 26 o C. There are extremities in climate in the state in two seasons- summer and winter. The hottest areas are found towards the north western part of the state (Daltonganj), around Jamshedpur and Dhanbad cities having more than 40 o C temperatures. Similarly, the state gets affected by the cold waves with less than 5 o C temperature and reeling cold.
The average annual rainfall in the state is 1400 mm with more than 4/5th rainfall between June to September. It also gets rainfall from the branch of monsoon from the Arabian Sea. There are also variations in rainfall varying from below 1200 mm to 1800 mm. There are five climatic regions in the state. One, North Eastern and
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North Central Plateau Region (Western part of Santhal Pargana region, Giridih, Kodarma and Northern Hazaribagh); two, Upper Chotanagpur region (Pat region, Ranchi Plateau, Gumla and the plateau region of outer Chotanagpur spread in Simdega); three, South Eastern Region (East Singhbhum, Saraikela and West Singhbhum); four , Eastern Region (Sahibganj, Pakur, eastern Deoghar, eastern Jamtara and north eastern part of Saraikela); and five, North Western Lower Plateau Region (Garhwa and Palamu).
1.1.4 Natural Endowments of the State
The state is one of the largest producers of the mineral resources of the country spreading over majority of the districts (Table) with a paradox to be among the bottom lying states in terms of development. The production of the mineral resources is given below. The total value of mineral production is amounted to over Rs. 3000 crores. It has got the vast resources in flora and fauna or biodiversity too. In terms of human reserve the state is rich, which can be converted into quality human resources through proper efforts and intervention. The other endowments, like scenic beauty, all over the state with a vast potential for tourism are also unutilized or underutilized. These figures indicate that an area of 24.4 lakh hectares (30.61%) is under agricultural wastelands that have to be beneficially utilized for rural development.
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Chapter –II Hazard, Risk & Vulnerability Analysis of the State
Almost all the 24 districts are affected by different kind of Disaster. There is great need to strengthen the capacity of State, District, Block and newly formed Panchayat level of departments, institutions and functionaries to respond to the Disaster at their own level in participation of community. Jharkhand is vulnerable to following kind of Hazards:- � Drought
� Mining Accidents
� Chemical and Industrial Hazards
� Lightning
� Bird Flu
� Flood
� Earthquake
� Fire / Forest Fire
� Elephant Attacks
� Climate Change
� Biodiversity loss
� Naxalism/ Landmine Blasts
Table-II
S.No. Name of Hazards
No. of Districts affected
Name of the District
1 Drought All the 24 Districts (2010)
2 Flood 01 (Sahibgunj)
3 Flash Flood 03 (Jamshedpur , Saraikela , Ranchi)
4 Forest Fire 09 (Garhwa, Palamau, Latehar, Chatra, Hazaribagh, E. & W. Singhbhum, Simdega,Gumla)
5 Lightening 09 (Palamau, Chatra, Latehar, Koderma, Ranchi, Giridih,
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Hazaribagh,Lohardagga,Dumka)
6 Mining Hazards
09 (Latehar, Ramgarh, Dhanbad, Lohardagga, Giridih, E. & W. Singhbhum,Koderma)
7 Earthquake Hazard – Zone –IV
02 Districts (Godda & Sahibgunj - Partially)
Zone –III
15 Districts (Godda , Sahibgunj, Garhwa, Palamau, Chatra, Hazaribagh, Koderma, Giridih, Bokaro, Dhanbad, Deoghar, Dumka, Godda, Pakur, Jamtara)
Zone – II
7 Districts (Lohardagga, Ranchi, Ramgarh, Khunti, Gumla, E. & W. Singhbhum,)
Map 1.1: Multi hazard prone Area in Jharkhand
Legion Hazard Prone Zone in
Jharkhand
Drought
Earthquake
Forest Fire
Flood
Mining
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Map 1.2
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Map 1.3
Map1.4
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Map 1.5
2.1 Climate variability in the state:- The climate of Jharkhand is mostly
dry semi-humid to humid semi-arid types. There is a decreasing trend in the rainfall in Jharkhand during the last Monsoon season. Severe heat wave conditions are noticed in the years 2004, 2005 & 2010.Highests maximum and minimum temperatures are reported in the recent years in Jharkhand. Statistics of Drought Years for Jharkhand state during 1875 – 2010(Based on monsoon rainfall) has shown increased frequency of Drought years in Jharkhand in last decade. The recorded features in respect of Jharkhand are kept under watch and continuously monitored. There are some consequences of projected Global and National Climate Changes quite relevant to Jharkhand state.
• Food security will have an adverse impact of the climate variation as the
significant increase in global temperature will result in a general reduction in crop yield in most tropical and sub-tropical regions.
• Water Availability will be in consistent as precipitation is likely to increase
over high latitude regions, northern middle latitudes and in southern and eastern Asia in summer.
Jharkhand : Lightning Hazard
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• Human health due to Climate change will be affected directly, such as heat
stress and through indirect effects – disease vectors such as mosquitoes, poorer water quality, air quality etc. Air quality will deplete as increase in air pollution and delay in recovering of stratospheric ozone layer.
• Ecology will be significantly at the verge of disruption as ecosystems from
disturbances, such as fire, drought, floods, pest infection, invasion of species, storms are expected to increase biodiversity will be threatened.
The changes in climate and their impact are, though, described in the global context; they are definitely a signal of concern to our region and also to all of us. The impacts need to be assessed thoroughly so as to evolve formulation of a comprehensive climate oriented policy for sustainable development.
Table III Table IV
Table V Table VI
Some Striking Features pertaining Jharkhand state
�Temperature• Highest Maximum Temperature ( C) Record( up to 2010)
for the months March - JuneStation H.
Max
March H. Max
April H.
Max
May H. Max
June
Daltonanj 43.9 23/2004 46.5 19/2010 47.8 06/1978 46.7 02/1897
Ranchi 39.4 31/1955 42.6 30/1999 43.1 30/1962 45.4 17.2005*
Jamshedpur 42.5 23/2004 46.3 20/2010 46.6 06/1958 47.2 11/1942
*04/2010
In recent period highest maximum temperatures as reported are shown in shaded box.
• Lowest Minimum Temperature ( C) Record( upto 2010) for the months January & December
Station Lowest Minimum
January Lowest Minimum
December
Daltonanj 0.0 03/1923 4.0 19/2007
Ranchi 3.2 01/2008 4.3 19/2007
Jamshedpur 3.9 20/1934 4.7 26/1973
In recent period lowest minimum temperatures as reported are shown in shaded box.
�Heavy Rainfall
Heaviest rainfall in 24 hours
Station Rainfall (mm) Date
Jamshedpur 338.1 18 June,2008
Ranchi 178.8 23 July,1958
Daltonganj 290.8 23 July,1920
Jamshedpur reported heaviest rainfall on 18th June,2008,as the all time record, Which occurred under the influence of a Depression from Bay of Bengal.
�Severe heat wave conditions are noticed in the years 2004,2005 & 2010
The years with maximum frequency of heat waves experienced in Jharkhand during 2000-2010
Year March April May June Mar - Jun
2004 16 6 4 3 29
2005 12 1 8 20 41
2010 15 19 4 12 50
�Heat Waves
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Table VII
� The changes in climate and their impact are, though, at present can be observed in the state context and reference to above information .These are definitely a signal of concern to our region and also to all of us.
� The impacts need to be assessed thoroughly so as to evolve formulation of a comprehensive climate oriented policy for sustainable development in the state.
� There is a great need to produce a validated scientific report with regard to the impact of climate change over Jharkhand. � However, some features as revealed from various climate studies
pertaining Indian region and in the global context are presented here for they are found equally relevant for Jharkhand state.
Map 1.6
RAINFALL DURING MONSOON SEASON DURING 2004 - 2010
Met. Sub-Division
For the period from 1st June to 30thSept.
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Jharkhand State
AN
DC
8901105
-19N
7161105
-35D
12091093
+11N
12181093
+11N
10751093
-2N
839 6441093 1084
-23 - 41D D
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Map 1.7
2.2 Vulnerability Analysis of the State:-
Jharkhand is a newly carved state from Bihar in the year 2000. Vulnerability in the state is primarily associated with limited use of the full potential of natural resource, common property resources, human resources and lack of effective micro – macro institutional presence. Jharkhand has total population of 2.69 crore as census 2001 having total geographical area of 7.9 million hectare. Among this 39% of population is consisting of ST & SCs. Literacy level is 54%. Almost 50% of its total population is Below Poverty line. Almost 80% of the population is dependent upon rain fed based Agriculture and productivity is very low i.e. below 1 ton / hectare. This generates a very low level of coping capacity among the communities of Jharkhand for Disasters. As per the findings of last NSS having large sample in 2004-05. On the basis of this, 46.3% of rural Jharkhand (10.3 million people) was below the poverty line in 2004-05, with a figure of 20.2% for urban Jharkhand (1.3 million people). Overall, 40.3% of Jharkhand was below the poverty line (BPL).
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The rural population in Jharkhand is probably around 26 million now. This means that 80% of rural Jharkhand is BPL. Once one uses poverty indicators that go beyond income (or expenditure), one obtains a better handle on poverty issues. For instance, UNDP’s recent Human Development Report (HDR) for 2010 uses a Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) that has been devised by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHDI) and uses variables that are based on access to education, health, electricity, sanitation, drinking water, cooking fuel and assets. This shows that 77% of Jharkhand’s population is poor. Since the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are also focused on human development and removal of human deprivation, a similar picture emerges from those too. For instance, there was a MDG country report for India in 2009. The details differ depending on which MDG target and indicator one chooses. However, the broad picture is the following. Jharkhand won’t achieve the target of halving the poverty ratio between 1990 and 2015. Though there are improvements in some indicators as the following table shows in comparison to most Vulnerable BPL population in all the 24 districts of the state:-
Table VIII
District 2002-07, number of BPL households1
Female literacy rate, 20012
Infant mortality rate, 20013
Deoghar 81,262 32.33% 57 Dumka 125,701 32.68% 47 Godda 117,719 27.98% 54 Jamtara 82,070 Pakur 90,007 20.44% 56 Sahabgunj 125,342 26.78% 69 Bokaro 82,665 47.17% 37 Chatra 104,880 30.5% 60 Dhanbad 135,842 52.93% 27 Giridih 176,855 27.05% 56 Hazaribagh 222,810 43.15% 46 Kodarma 51,282 34.03% 46 Palamu 190,158 30.5% 75 Garhwa 107,215 22.91% 65 Latehar 53,417 Simdaga 71,635 Lohardaga 36,355 39.88% 59 Ranchi 207,187 52.77% 45 Gumla 87,546 40.56% 60 East Singhbhum 117,918 57.95% 36 Sarikela 128,354 West Singhbhum 152,560 34.81% 54
1 http://jharkhand.nic.in/bpl_list.html
2 http://www.educationforallinindia.com/page157.html
3 Population, Health and Social Development in Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal, Population Foundation of
India, 2010.
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Report of National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector (NCEUS) shows that 20% of male children and 27.4% of female children are out of school. In the rural unorganized sector, the mean number of years of schooling is 3.9 years for males and 1.4 years for females. 60% of employment and 22% of GSDP originates in the primary sector, underlining the low-productivity and subsistence-level nature of these activities. 87.6% of employment is in the unorganized sector and 94.0% of workers are unorganized.4 For unorganized sector workers who are employed outside agriculture, poverty ratios are highest among casual labour, followed by those who are self-employed. This does not represent efficient use of human resources in the state.
Table IX
Dimensions of Vulnerability in Jharkhand
Absorption Access Availability
Individual Family Group Political Production Infrastructure Labour market
There is very strong dependence on agriculture; labour productivity cannot be delinked from productivity of land, or even forests and mines. Agriculture is the main stay for the 80% of rural population of the state. Agriculture is their employment and primary income generating activity. The agricultural economy of the Jharkhand state is characterized by dependence on nature, low investment, low productivity, mono-cropping with paddy as the dominant crop, inadequate irrigation facilities and small and marginal holdings. The dependence of agriculture on the vagaries of the rain-god can be gauged from the fact that as much as 92% of the total cultivated area is un-irrigated.” Not only is productivity low, it varies considerably among districts. For example, it is extremely low in Gumla, but high in Koderma. Citing figures for 2003, the afore-mentioned NCEUS report cites an average monthly income per farmer household of Rs 852, compared to Rs 2822 in Punjab.5 For marginal holdings, this drops to Rs 555. 4 As expected, unorganized shares are higher among women than men.
5 Ibid.
• Gender • Family
size
• Health • Education
Safe Migration
CPR Ecology Other IG activities
Access to
Political power
Social conflict
Dignified access to
Food, Education
and Employment
at Proactive Vulnerability Safety Net
Access to the socio-political structure is important for
empowering the rural poor through Panchayti Raj
Institutions
Vulnerable groups need based policy
framing
Empowerment through Social
Security
Risk reduction through Integrated Strategy
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NCEUS reported an average daily earning of Rs 83 for Jharkhand, compared to Rs 116 in Punjab. The distance from better-performing States is thus more for farmers than for rural labour. However, the inefficient use of land is obvious enough. The gap between Jharkhand and the all-India average is considerable for physical infrastructure. The road length for ten thousand population is 25.6 km for India, while it is 12.3 for Jharkhand.6 45% of India’s villages have all-metal roads, while the figure is 25% for Jharkhand. 80% of Jharkhand’s rural households have access to electricity, while the figure is 26% for Jharkhand. 78% of India’s households have access to safe drinking water, while the figure is 42.7% for Jharkhand. 44.6% of India’s households have toilets, while the figure is 22.6% for Jharkhand. It is a moot point whether toilets should be included in physical or social infrastructure. The critical elements in physical infrastructure are roads, electricity and water, of the drinking and irrigation variety. If parts of Jharkhand are bypassed and marginalized on access to these, it shouldn’t be surprising that large segments of the population will be bypassed and marginalized on access to growth opportunities as well. In 1994, the World Bank’s World Development Report (WDR) had the theme of infrastructure for development.7 Using cross-country estimates, this WDR found that a 1% increase in the stock of infrastructure is associated with a 1% increase in GDP. The Indian figures that float around are higher. The Twelfth Finance Commission grouped States into five categories, on the basis of an infrastructure index constructed by IDFC, where Jharkhand stands in the lowest category. The Census of 2001 showed that Jharkhand had 32,615 villages, of which, 29,354 were inhabited. The point is that several of these have population sizes less than 200 and this does not make the provision of physical or social infrastructure viable. “Naxalites are left-wing extremist groups waging a violent campaign for the landless labourers and tribal people against the so called tyranny of the landlords and chronic apathy, indifference and insensitivity of the state towards their genuine needs.” This is a quote from the Jharkhand government’s memorandum to the 13th Finance Commission.8 There were 482 incidents of LWE (Left Wing Extremism) violence in 2007 and 157 casualties, with 32% of police stations affected.9 Straddled as it is between Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Bihar, Jharkhand is caught in the centre of LWE violence and 18 out of 24 districts are affected in one form or another. The Ministry for Home Affairs
6 Unless otherwise specified, the figures in this paragraph are from State government sources.
7 World Development Report 1994, Infrastructure for Development, World Bank and Oxford University Press, 1994.
8 Memorandum to 13
th Finance Commission, Government of Jharkhand.
9 Annual Report 2007-08, Ministry of Home Affairs, 2008. There are reporting problems with data, since data emerge
from police stations and what is classified as LWE violence and what is classified as murder often depends on the
whims and fancies of the police station concerned.
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now has a list of 33 districts in 8 States that are affected by LWE violence. For Jharkhand, this includes Bokaro, Chatra, Garhwa, Gumla, Hazaribagh, Latehar, Lohardaga, East Singhbhum, Palamu and West Singhbhum. Thus the Vulnerability in the state of Jharkhand is of Omni dimension and perpetually derived upon the consistent inaccessibility to resources, inappropriate ecological setting, unavailability of transport, hollow market opportunities, mismanagement of common / natural property resources, resource intensive family size and composition, conflicting ethnicity, gender injustice, fragment social network, education, and political unassertiveness.
Table X
S.NO. Socio-Economic-Demographic Indicators
Jharkhand National
1 Rural Population 77.76% 72.25%
2 Urban Population 22.24% 27.8%
3 ST 26.3% 8.1%
4 SC 11.8% 16.2%
5. Population (0-6) Yrs 18.4% 15.9%
6. Decadal growth rate 23.35% 21.53%
7. Sex Ratio 941 933
8. Sex ratio (0-6)yrs. 965 927
9. Paddy productivity (Kg./ha)(2008-09)
2055
10. Wheat 1541
11. Maize 1407
12. Pulses 725
13. Oilseeds 561
14. Milk (Per cattle/day) 1.59kg 3kg
15. Milk (Per capita availability/day) 152gms 240gms
16. Fish (Kg./ha./yr.) 1600 2150
17. Irrigation coverage 24.57% 70%
18. Net sown area 22.7% 46%
19. Forest cover 29.61% 23.57%
20. Birth Rate /1000 25.8 22.8
21. Death rate 7.1 7.4
22. IMR /1000 46 53
23. MMR /1LAKH 273 254
24. TFR 3.3 2.68
25. Full Immunisation 54% 44%
26. Total literacy 66.46% 71.49%
27. Male literacy 80.05% 80.63&
28. Female literacy 52.74% 62.32%
29. Road / 100 sq km 21.4 74.2
30. Village having access to all 36% 57%
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weather roads
31. Village having access to metal roads
25% 45%
32. All HH access to electricity 40.2% 67.9%
33. Rural HH access to electricity 26.03% 79.92%
34. Power consumption per capita 30 373
35. GSDP 8302578(In lakh)
36. Total Workers 101.09 lakhs (37.5%)
39.10%
37. Marginal Workers 36.62 lakhs (13.59%
8.67%
38. Agricultural Workers 28.51 lakhs (28.2%)
26.6%
39. Female worker 34.49 lakhs (12.80%)
12.35%
40. Per capita Income Rs. 26823
3.1 Situation of Agricultural Drought in Jharkhand:- The last decade has shown the increasing severity of Drought situation in Jharkhand. The total food production has decreased in the year 2010 by half. The state has faced deficit of rainfall in the year 2010 by 47%, 10 lakh hectare of area could not have plantation of paddy. Palamau district of Jharkhand has shown decreasing rainfall in last 22 years. The soil of Jharkhand has also shown increased multi nutrient deficiencies in all the agro climatic zones in recent past. Decreasing trend in the rainfall in Jharkhand during the last Monsoon season. Severe heat wave conditions are noticed in the years 2004, 2005 & 2010.Highests maximum and minimum temperatures are reported in the recent years in Jharkhand. Statistics of Drought Years for Jharkhand state during 1875 – 2010(Based on monsoon rainfall) has shown increased frequency of Drought years in Jharkhand in last decade. The recorded features in respect of Jharkhand are kept under watch and continuously monitored. There are some consequences of projected Global and National Climate Changes quite relevant to Jharkhand state. Food security will have an adverse impact of the climate variation as the significant increase in global temperature will result in a general reduction in crop yield in most tropical and sub-tropical regions.
Table XI Table XII
21
Table XIII Table XIV
Table XV Table XVI
Typology of Farmers (%) & Cultivators in Jharkhand
Landless/ Agriculture Laborers: 9 Sub-marginal < 0.5 ha : 50 Marginal 0.5 to 1 ha : 23 Small 1-2 ha : 13 Medium 2-4 ha : 4 Large Farmer>4 ha : 1
73% Farmers are having less than one ha
Food Self Sufficiency ratio (%) Jharkhand
Food Grains : 49 Milk : 57 Meat : 45 Vegetables : 121 Fruits : 31 Fish : 3 Eggs : 80
51% dependency for the Food grains
Jharkhand Rainfed Agriculture
Zone 4: 14 districts: Favorable & Unfavorable rainfall
4A: Santhal Pargana 6 districts
4B: North Chotanagpur
Zone 5: 7 districts( Palamu division) : Drought prone
5A: Palamu & Garhwa
5B : rest 5 districts
Zone 6: 3 districts( Kolhan region) : favorable rainfall
Jharkhand Rainfed Agriculture
Geographical area : 79.7 Lakh ha
Forest area : 23.3 Lakh ha
Net area sown : 18.1 Lakh ha
Gross Cropped area : 24.8 lakh ha
Area Under irrigation: 2.5 Lakh ha
Cropping intensity : 116%
86% net sown area in non irrigated
22
Map 1.8
Table XVII
-100
100
300
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
Ranchi
Gumla
Simdega
Lohardaga
East Singhbhum
West Singhbhum
Saraikela
Palamu
Garhwa
Latehar
Hazaribagh
Chatra
Koderma
Giridih
Dhanbad
Bokaro
Dumka
Jaamtara
Deoghar
Godda
Sahebganj
Pakur
Ramgarh
Khunti
DISTRICTWISE RAINFAL FROM APRIL TO SEPTEMBER 2010
Normal Rainfall
Actual Rainfall
Deviation
23
Table XVII District wise Crop Production in the Year -2010
District Code
DISTRICTS NAME COMPARATIVE CROP CONDITION WITH RESPECT TO PREVIOUS YEARS DURING
MAY 2010 JUNE 2010 JULY 2010 AUG 2010 SEP 2010
1 SAHIBGANJ Severely low Moderately low Better Moderately Low Moderately Low
2 PAKUR Severely low Severely low Severely Low Moderately Low Moderately Low
3 GODDA Moderately low Severely low Better Moderately Low Moderately Low
4 DUMKA Moderately low Severely low Better Moderately Low Moderately Low
5 DEOGHAR Severely low Severely low Severely Low Moderately Low Moderately Low
6 JAMTARA Moderately low Moderately low Better Moderately Low Moderately Low
7 GIRIDIH Moderately low Moderately low Moderately Low Moderately Low Comparable
8 DHANBAD Severely low Moderately low Comparable Moderately Low Moderately Low
9 BOKARO Severely low Moderately low Moderately Low Moderately Low Moderately Low
10 KODERMA Severely low Severely low Moderately Low Moderately Low Comparable
11 HAZARIBAGH Severely low Severely low Moderately Low Moderately Low Comparable
12 RAMGARH Severely low Severely low Moderately Low Moderately Low Comparable
13 RANCHI Severely low Severely low Moderately Low Comparable Moderately Low
14 CHATRA Severely low Severely low Severely Low Moderately Low Moderately Low
15 PALAMU Moderately low Severely low Severely Low Comparable Moderately Low
16 GARHWA Severely low Severely low Severely Low Comparable Comparable
17 LATEHAR Severely low Severely low Moderately Low Better Comparable
18 LOHARDAGA Severely low Severely low Better Better Comparable
19 GUMLA Moderately low Severely low Better Better Comparable
20 SIMDEGA Moderately low Severely low Better Better Comparable
21 WEST SINGHBHUM Severely low Severely low Better Better Comparable
22 KHUNTI Moderately low Severely low Severely Low Comparable Comparable
23 SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN
Severely low Severely low Severely Low Better Moderately Low
24 EAST SINGHBHUM Severely low Moderately low Better Comparable Comparable
24
3.2 Proposed strategy on Integrated Agricultural Drought management in Jharkhand
• Crop diversification & Increasing Aerobic rice & Hybrid rice area
• Hybrid rice for house hold food security Pic – (i)
• Rice crop seeding by Aerobic rice method
• Increase area under Pulses
• Potential crop selection and promotion in drought prone area of Palamu region
• Potential Crop development for Crop diversification in uplands
• Arid Horticulture in Palamau Region
• Mustard variety for rainfed areas
• Feed & Food crop for drought prone areas
• New Knowledge Integrated farming System Pic (ii)
• Water Harvesting & Aquaculture
• Water harvesting through Jalkund / Dobha: On-Farm small ponds
• Rainwater harvesting small farm pond
• Crops and varietal choice
• Integrated crop management with Targeted yield
• Application of Phosphorus & Nitrogen & Potash, & Lime in acidic soils
• Value addition & marketing for higher profitability
• Development of Knowledge and Demonstration Centers on Agricultural Drought risk reduction strategies and activities
4.1 Situation of Flood in Jharkhand:- The state of Jharkhand is predominantly a hilly state where the problem of flooding was rare till sometime back. However the erosion of embankments spread of population and general disturbance in ecology and inability of identifying the catchment areas, the incidence of Flash floods have become frequent. The floods have occurred in the following 11 districts of the state, Dumka, Godda, Deogarh, Sahebganj, Pakur, Dhanbad, East and West Singhbhum, Saraikela-Karsawan, Gumla and Hazaribagh during the years 2000-2004. Sahibgunj is primarily affected by Flood. The state government has been giving assistance to the affected areas. There are two dams Revan dam and Bank Bill dam situated on the Jharkhand border. This has caused severe Flash flood in Jamshedpur. The flash flood has affected over 100,000 people in Ranchi and Jamshedpur in recent past. Three rivers - Damodar, Kharkai, and Suvarnarekha - are overflowing and posing a threat to Ranchi and Jamshedpur cities for flash flood. The flash flood has also destroyed a culvert on the road connecting Ranchi to Gumla and damaged a bridge on Kusum river in Latehar district. Nearly seven dams’ gates in various parts of Jharkhand have been damaged due to the water pressure. Flash flood has caused severe damages to houses, roads, bridges and culvert. Sahibgunj district was hit by massive Flood in the year 2008. Many villages on the right bank of
river Ganga have been threatened due to erosion of the bank of the river Ganga.
25
The Ganga is also endangering NH 80 in Jharkhand. The river Sone is engulfing agricultural land in Palamau district.
Map 1.8 Map 1.9
Flash flood in Ranchi and Jamshedpur are mainly caused due to blockade in drainage pattern of these cities and settlement of unauthorized colonies in low line areas.
Map 1.10 Map 1.11 Ranchi Muncipal Corporation Area Jamshedpur Muncipal Corporation Area
Saido
Nokti
Sirsi
Murli
Darla
Amtola
MitialMitial
Dalahi
Rampur
Kamlain
Saidpur
Dergama
Makhani
Katghar
Gangtia
Rajwara
ParariaPaparia
Haripur
Tetulia
BabupurBabupur
Dhuliar
Sarkahda
Taljhari
Mangalha
RajmahalNaugharaTutripurJamalpur
BindubbiDhalbaja
Kothibag SukhaharKazigaon
Manikpur JamnagarKhardihiTinpahar Barbanna
Piyarpur
Shrighar
BudhbariaTemnighat
Jogi Chak
Chandipur
Tekbathan
SakrampurHathigarh Gidarmari
MundomalaMurlatola
SapdaharaNayabazar
Pipaljori
PhulwariaInayatpurSalmondra
Khairbani KamaltolaPhelatolaRamchauki Manninghd
Bamangaon
Hathigarh
ToyabtolaAladitola
Nimaitola
Mangatpur
Bhainsmari
GasaingaonNarayanpur
Narayanpur
Narayanpur
Kalyan chok
Paiasgachhi
Subhanitola
Pathalchotti
MahammadtolaGirdharitola
Amanat Diara
Ghat Salempur
Nageshwarbagh
Guhimoraltola
Gohar Alitola
Panchanandpur
Shekh HazitolaRaiatuliahtola
Sukuruddintola
Budhumandaltola
Atul Mandaltola
Kochhi Yadavpur
Yar Mohammadtola
Hati Ajimuddintola
µ
0 5 102.5Km
Satellite (IRS P6-AWiFS) FCC on post flood condition in Rajmahal Block, Sahebgunj district as on 24th August 2008
JHARKHAND SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTERDepartment of Information Technology, Government of Jharkhand
Legend
Settlement
Red Color - Vegetation
26
Coniferous Dry Deciduous Moist Deciduous Wet/ Semi-Evergreen
North easternRegion
40
60
4540
35
8 15
50
95
Types of Forest
Susceptibility and Vulnerability of Indian Forests to Wildfires
Fire frequent % Fire Occasional %
45
4.2 Proposed strategy on Integrated Flood mitigation in Jharkhand
• Anti erosion works in Ganga Basin
• Implementation of Flood Protection schemes for all the River basin in Jharkhand 5.1 Situation of Forest Fire in Jharkhand:- Forest fires constitute a major threat, as the forests of the State are mostly dry deciduous and are prone to forest fires in the summer season. The longer the interval between two successive fires, the more is the damage due to the higher fuel build up. Therefore, it is essential that a proper disaster management system be put in place. Incidence and Cause of Forest Fire in Jharkhand (Based on Forest Survey of India)
Table XIX Most of the fires are associated with the activities of mahua and sal seed collection and the desire to promote better grass growth after the rains.
Table XX Although setting fire to forests,
even leaving fires burning near a forest, is an offence, people use fire to clean the floor under the mahua trees to aid in the picking of sweet calyx that falls to the ground. Many communities use fires to promote a better flush of tendu leaves which, along with mahua, constitutes a major source of earning and sustenance for them. The fires so started, go out of control, and burn numerous patches in the forests. The fires caused by mahua collectors are
common in March and April and are the cause of wide spread fire damage to the forest growth. 5.2 Fire protection
The Forest Department manages forest fires through ‘prevention’ as well as ‘fighting’. Fire prevention is done through a system of fire lines which crisis-cross the forest. In addition to the specially cut fire lines, all roads passing through the forest are treated as fire lines. These lines are cut and burnt before the fire season commences on 16 February of each year. During the fire season, the forest staff along with specially employed labour, called the fire watchers, patrol their areas, scouting for fire or smoke. The number of fire watchers employed is approximately one per beat and some additional force to look after special areas such as plantations etc. Once a fire is detected, it is quenched, using traditional methods, such as beating, cutting off and starting counter fires. Fire beating is done with the help of green leafy twigs, mainly from plash and tendu bushes. However there
Extent of fire incidents (ha) Total
Very Heavy
Heavy Frequent Occasional No Fire
1 % 0 % 9 % 62 % 28 %
100 %
27
is a need to set up a Jungle Fire Management strategy to combat this recurrent problem.
Jharkhand : Forest Fire Risk
28
6.1 Situation of Mining Disaster in Jharkhand: - Jharkhand is a mineral rich state endowed with 38% of the mineral resources of the country. There are more than 30 types of minerals in this state spread over an area of 79,714 square km. Almost all the Mining colonies in Jharkhand is vulnerable to the Mining Disaster. Mining is one of the most important economic and livelihood activities for the people of Jharkhand. Mining is Jharkhand is directly related to its people and impacting development and the environment. The negative impact of mining on health, land, water, air, plants, animals, and other aspects of society is quite visible in Jharkhand. The negative impact of mining can be reduced by careful planning of mining activities. The major mines hazard Jharkhand is Coal Mine Fire in Jharkhand. A number of coal mines in the state are affected by fires leading to steady destruction of precious energy resource. The reason for mine fires presumably involves the phenomenon of spontaneous heating through two interrelated processes viz., the oxygen coal interaction or oxidative process and the thermal process.
Pic (iii) If remains uncontrolled, the fire could spread further through interconnected pathways and fissures in the strata. It is estimated that about 10% of total national coal resources are in the fire-affected areas.
Mine fires give rise to several environmental problems besides safety hazards and economic losses. Apart from direct losses due to burning of coal, the other associated hazards encountered are: i) gas poisoning, ii) difficult geo-mining conditions, iii)
sterilization of coal, iv) hindrance to production v) explosions, vi) damage to structure and adjacent properties, etc.
Mining also invariably results in enormous land disturbance, e.g., large scale excavation, removal of top soil, dumping of solid wastes, cutting of roads, creation of derelict land etc. Opencast mining has more potential impact on land than underground mining. Although underground mining has considerably less impact than opencast mining on land, it causes enough damage through subsidence as observed in Jharia and Raniganj coalfields. The surface subsidence inflicts severe damages to engineering structures such as highways, buildings, bridges and drainage besides interfering with ground water regime. There is a great of Coal mines disaster mitigation program in Jharkhand. Disasters in coal mine areas are as severe as any other Natural Disasters. Main reasons causing mine disasters are Fire, Inundation, Explosion and Surface Subsidence. Besides the concern to develop appropriate technologies towards mitigation, has economic orientation to successfully extract locked coal worth of Rs.1493 billion.
29
The state of Jharkhand almost fully covers two subsidiaries of Coal India Limited.139 coal mines (61 u/g & 55 OCPs) and employ (BCCL & CCL) about 1.25 lakh persons contributes 74.6 million tons of coal production. Jharkhand contains 27.8% of India coal reserves (76.96 out of 276.81MT).Contributes more
than 50% of countries prime coal requirement.
Table XIX Production of Minerals in Jharkhand
Sl.No.
Mineral No. of Mines Production Unit Rank in the
Country
1. Coal 183 59919 Thousand Tonnes 3
2. Iron ore 28 8659 Thousand Tonnes 1
3. Boxite 6 1029 Thousand Tonnes 3
4. Lime Stone 33 1242 Thousand Tonnes
5. Copper Ores 5 1189 Thousand Tonnes 1
6. Manganese 18718 Tonnes -
7. Micca 84 1082 Tonnes 1
8. Kainite 3 4922 Tonnes 1
9. China Clay 25 23256 Tonnes -
10. Fire Clay - 49970 Tonnes -
11. Graphite - 7276 Tonnes 8
12. Silver - 13648 K.G. -
13. Gold - 254 K.G. 6
14. Uranium - - - 1
15. Cromite - - - 2
16. Asbestus - - - 1
17. Thorium - - - 3
18. Isemenite - - - 2
30
Table XX
Jharkhand: District wise Availability of Mineral Resources, 2000
Minerals Districts
Deogh
ar
Dh
an
bad
Du
mka
Gir
idih
Gu
mla
Hazari
bag
h
Loh
ard
ag
a
Pala
mu
Purbi &
Ran
ch
i
Sah
ibgan
j
Paschimi
Singhbhum
Apatite *
Asbestos * *
Byrites * *
Bauxite * * *
China Clay * * * * *
Coal * *
Copper Ore * *
Cromite *
Dolomite * *
Feldspar * * * * *
Fire Clay * * * * * * * *
Graphite *
Iron Ore * *
Limestone * * * *
Manganese Ore *
Mica * * *
Ochre *
Quartz * * * *
Quartzite * * *
Sand *
Silica Sand *
Stealite * *
Slate *
Sandstone * *
Atomic Minerals *
Sources: (i) Kumar, A. (1995): Bihar Ka Bhugol, New Delhi: NBT. (ii) Ekka, A. (2000): Control and Management of Resources:
Jal, Jangal, Jamin and Jamir¸ unpublished article, presented in the Seminar on: "The New States of Jharkhand and Chhatisgarh: Promises and Challenges" on August 26, 2000 in YMCA, New Delhi.
31
Map 1.12
Jharia Coalfield is one of the oldest coal fields of the world and is only source of metallurgical coal in India. The coalfield is extended over 450 sq. kms and contains 40 identified coal horizons. About 50,000people are working in underground in BCCL only apart from TISCO, IISCO and contract workers. Seams 10 to 19 have been developed / worked out extensively by different owners. Due to unscientific mining before nationalisation, the coalfield is facing serious problems such as Inundation, Subsidence, Fire and Explosion.
Following strategies for mitigating Mining disaster in Jharkhand:- � Development of technology for effective surface blanketing
� Development of technology for sealing large fire area through surface boreholes
� Developments in pressure balancing technology for fire control
� Development of technology for measuring Barrier thickness and modeling of water logged areas.
� Design and development of Safety Chamber
� Development of technology for locating trapped miners
� Safety Policy
� DMP/Emergency Plan
� Safety Management System- SMP based on Risk Assessment
� Integrated Emergency Response System
� SOP s/ COP s
� Duty Cards
� Mock rehearsal /Review and update
32
Chapter –III
Urban Hazard, Risk & Vulnerability Analysis in Jharkhand
The State has 38% of India’s mineral reserves in general. Mineral based Industries are air polluting in nature. Some of the units such as Iron & Steel, copper etc have the potential of generating even gaseous emission viz. SO2, NOX etc. Emission of fugitive dust in huge quantities due to mining, transportation and coal burning activities deteriorates the ambient air quality. Apart from the air pollution the other environmental impact of the mineral based Industries is water pollution. Water required in mineral based industries for cooling, quenching, mineral processing etc. Most of the plant units of mineral based industries require significant amount of water. Coal mines, washeries, thermal power plants are responsible for the pollution of surface water bodies. In general a mineral contains 50 to 70 percent of the valuable metal and rest is waste material. 7.1 The Polluting Industries in Jharkhand:-
- 400 kg slag (waste) is generated per ton of steel. - similar quantity of red mud (waste) is generated in Alumina plant. - 35-40% of ash is generated out of coal burning.
- Integrated Iron and Steel plant - Coal based thermal Power Plant - Cement Industry - Alumina Plant - Copper Smatter - Sponge Iron plants - Coal Processing and coke making units including washeries - Stone crushers/ Iron are crushers - Brick kilns Jharkhand produces 15-16 million tons of steel per year which will increase to about 25 million tone in next 2 to 3 yrs. 7.2 Air pollution in Jharkhand:- Suspended particulate matter Dust (Size ranging from 1 µm to 200 µm). Formed by natural disintegration of
rock and soil or by mechanical processing or grinding. Typical example of dust generation in plant is deducting stock emissions of sinter plant , Ore bedding and blending plant, lime dolomite plant etc. Smoke : It contains fine particles of size ranging from 0.01 µm to 1 µm which can
be liquid or solid and are formed by combustion or any other chemical process Typical examples are emissions from power plants, coke oven, fertilizer plants etc.
33
Fumes : These are the solid particles of size ranging from 0.1 µm to 1 µm and are normally released from chemical or metallurgical process. Typical example is emission from steel melting shop. Mists: It is made up of liquid droplets generally smaller than 10 µm which are formed by condensation in the atmosphere or are released from industrial operation. Typical example is sulphuric acid plant. 7.3 Gaseous pollutants
� Oxides of sulphur � Nitrogen oxides � Hydrocarbon � Oxides of various heavy metals viz iron, cadmium chromium, lead, mercury,
nickle etc. Example is emission from coke ovens which contains all the above . 7.4 Water pollution
� Water is required for various purposes in steel plant. Waste water is generated of different quality.
7.5 Waste from Steel Plant
For a 1.5 million ton capacity steel plant annual generation of wastes is as below: • Blast furnace slag - 64000 T • Flue dust - 4080 T • Blast furnace sludge - 2200 T • Refractory plant lime and dolomite fines - 2670 T • Broken refractory - 380 T • Rolling Mills (Mill scale) - 3680 T • Jharkhand has about 49 sponge iron units of different capacities • On an overage one million ton sponge iron generates iron are and coal dust
at the rate of 127800 tones / yr. • Apart from iron are and coal dust char from sponge iron units are generated
(16% of Sponge Iron produced) which is not utilized in boilers for power generation. This is a violation of environmental norms. These chars are small size unburnt coal particles with 30% carbon. The surrounding area of sponge iron unit is polluted.
• Other emissions from sponge iron units include carbon monoxide, nitrogen and sulphur oxides. These emissions are nightmare for neighbouring villages.
• Stomach disorder, skin and respiratory disease one likely for affected people.
Cement Units Dusts from cement units can penetrate lungs easily and are detrimental to health of the affected people. Respirator y and cardiovascular diseases are likely. POWER PLANTS
• Thermal power generating capacity of the state is about 1500 megawatt (In addition to captive generation of private plants, Steel plants at BSL, Tata etc).
34
• These thermal power plants use high ash inferior non- coking coal and, on an average, 6 tonnes of fly ash is generated every day for every megawatt of power. Thus about 9000 tons of fly ash is generated every day in Jharkhand. 50% of the generated fly ash is used in :
i. Abandoned Mine Reclamation ii. Cement manufacturing iii. Brick Manufacturing.
7.6 Legal Requirement India is the first country that has provided for the protection and improvement of environment in the 42nd amendment to the constitution in 1976.
1. The Water (prevention and control of pollution) Act 1974 as amended upto 1988.
2. The Water (prevention and control of pollution) Rules, 1975 as amended upto 1989.
3. The Water (prevention and control of pollution) Cess Act 1977 as amended upto 1995.
4. The Water (prevention and control of pollution) Cess rules 1978 as amended upto 1992.
5. The Air (prevention and control of pollution) Act 1981, as amended upto 1987.
6. The Air (prevention and control of pollution) Rules Act 1982. 7. The Air (prevention and control of pollution) Union Territory Rules 1983 as
amended upto 1994. 8. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 as amended upto 1991. 9. The Environment (Protection) rules, 1986 as amended upto 1994. 10. The Hazardous wastes (Management and handling) Rules, 1989 as
amended upto 1992. 11. Bio medical wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1996.
Table No. – XXI
Norms for the Pollutants in Steel Plant Area
Area Respirable Dust (RSPM)
Suspended Particulate Matter (spm)
So2 NOx Noise
Unit µg /m3 µg / m3 µg/m3 µg /m3 db (A)
Industrial Area 150 500 120 120 75
Residential Area 100 200 80 80 55
35
Jharkhand (Actual Measurement for Industrial Area by National Air Quality monitoring Programme
163/173 405/434 40/44 56/51
7.6 Rainwater Harvesting
• Non availability of safe drinking water is a major environmental issue. Although Jharkhand has adequate rainfall, due to soil condition the retention of rain water is low. Hence rainwater harvesting is essential.
• Jharkhand has water in abundance because of large number of water sources in the form of ponds, reservoirs etc. but ruthless environmental degradation has resulted in very little recharge and replenishment mainly due to mass deforestation, soil erosion etc.
• 90-95% of rainfall is wasted as untapped runoff. • The average rainfall of Jharkhand is 1400 mm as against national average
of 1100 mm. • 100 mm of rain captured on 1 hectare of land gives about 1 million litre of
water. Thus huge potential exists for rain water harvesting in Jharkhand. This is widely being practiced in MP (Jhabua), Chhatisgarh (Dewas), AP (Royal Seema), Maharashtra (Amravati) etc.
7.7 Vulnerability to Accidents Disaster: The figures of road accidents indicate rising trend in Jharkhand. The figures are however not Complete since each and every accident case is not reported at the police stations. Thus, the actual number or road accident cases may be still higher. Except for the observance of the Traffic Week in the first week of January every year in the State, there is very little regular and sustained campaigns to prevent and reduce the road accidents. 7.8 Vulnerability to Biological Hazards:
A) Biological hazards to human beings: All natural disasters are usually followed by epidemics of communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases like psychological trauma, malnutrition, etc.
• Jharkhand is prone to many water and vector borne communicable diseases, which get compounded by poor health knowledge, poor sanitation and scarcity of drinking water.
• Ecological changes and regular impact of different kinds of natural disasters like floods, cyclones, droughts and climatic disorders like heat wave create a favourable climate for emergence of new types of pathogenic agents.
• The Malaria upsurge in non-endemic areas and drug resistance to malaria in endemic areas is a matter of increasing concern to the State.
36
• There is always the potential threat of outbreak of enzoonotic diseases in rural and tribal areas.
• Food poisoning from eating inedible roots and tubers. It is quite common in tribal areas.
• Industrial/chemical health hazards are potential dangers to many industrial belts of Jharkhand.
• Increase in urbanisation leading to a rise in the number of slum dwellers with extremely poor sanitation and drinking water facilities, very poor health awareness and the increasing risk of waterborne diseases and transportation of vector born diseases from endemic to non-endemic areas.
• The possibility of international travellers/tourists bringing in new types of diseases.
Large numbers of people from Orissa migrate to other parts of the country in search of livelihood, which increases the threats of STD, AIDS and other such diseases. The possibility of the use of biological and chemical weapons by terrorists cannot be ruled out in any corner of the globe.
B) Epidemics amongst animals: The main diseases and the causal factors that affect animals in the state are: a) Poor disease surveillance system b) Lack of trained personnel, poor equipments and communication systems c) Traditional beliefs of not slaughtering cows in spite of the animal being infected by diseases like TB, Anthrax etc. leading to spread of the disease to human beings and sometimes death. With the ever-changing socio-political scenario, there is increasing vulnerability in all states of India including Jharkhand, to incidents like serial bomb blasts and communal riots.
37
Table XXII JHARKHAND STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD CENTRAL LABORATORY, TUPUDANA, RANCHI – 843004
Analysis report of
swarnrekha river basin,
basin, Brahmini
river Basin under
NWMP of June-2008 Lab Ref.
No.
Name of the
sampling point
Date/Time of sample cillected
Temp A/W in
OC
PH Value
D.O BOD COD T.H. Ca++ Mg++ Cl- Alk Acidity
199/08 U/S Lohajime
Dam on N. karo River
25.06.08 11:00 AM
32/28 6.8 7.8 3.2 32 40 9.6 3.9 16 64 9
200/08 U/S Basia Dam (Prop) on s. koel
River
25.06.08 3.20 PM
31.5/27/5 6.9 7.5 2.1 36 38 9.6 3.416 9 24 5
201/08 U/S Bolba on Sankh
River
26.06.08 11:30 AM
33/29 7.2 7.9 4.8 32 38 9.6 3.416 18 80 8
182/08 Swarnrekha River, At- Tatisilwal
17.06.08 2.30 PM
26/24 7.5 6.9 3 60 86 26.4 4.88 46 82 15
38
Table XXIII JHARKHAND STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
CENTRAL LABORATORY, TUPUDANA, RANCHI – 843004 Analysis report of
swarnrekha river basin,
basin, of June-2008 Lab Ref.
No.
Name of the
sampling point
Date/Time of sample cillected
Temp A/W in
OC
PH Value
D.O BOD COD T.H. Ca++ Mg++ Cl- Alk Acidity
203/08 D/S Hindalco on Swarnrekha
River
28.06.08 2.30 pm
29/27 7 7.3 2.8 64 88 22.6 8.3 26 68 8
206/08 U/S Hindalco on Swarnrekha
River
28.06.08 4.30 pm
27/27 7 7.4 2.2 68 70 16.8 6.83 21 165 12
178/08 Hatia Road Brige
17.06.08 10.00 am
24/26 607 8 2.2 52 66 17.6 5.37 5 24 8
179/08 Hatia dam 17.06.08 10.40 am
24.5/25 7.8 8.2 0.9 12 76 16 8.78 6 6 4
186/08 Gonda Hill
Kanke
17.06.08
5.20 pm
25.5/24.5 6.9 5.4 6 76 88 22.6 8.3 52 76 6
184/08 Rucca Raw Water
17.06.08 3.55 pm
26/24.5 7.3 8.2 2 32 86 26.4 4.8 45 76 7
183/08 Getalsud Dam
17.06.08 3.40 pm
26.5/24.5 7.2 8 2.2 36 76 16 8.78 44 50 11
182/08 Bit Meshra 17.06.08 4.30 pm
26.5/25 6.8 7.5 2.5 56 70 16.8 6.83 18 50 10
180/08 Namkum Road Brige
17.06.08 12.10 pm
25/24 6.8 7.8 1.9 48 120 30.4 10.73 17 30 7
Table XXIV Ambient Air Quality Monitored by : Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board Name of city : Dhanbad
Name of State :
Jharkhand S.No.
Sampling Location
Station Type
Station Code
Month Year Parameters Monitored
Remarks
1 Regional Office
Dhanbad
R 44 May 2008 Meterological Data SO2, NOX, RSPM,
SPM
2 MADA, Jharia
I 332 May 2008 SO2, NOX, RSPM, SPM
3 PDIL, Sindi
R 46 May 2008 SO2, NOX, RSPM, SPM
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Table XXV Summry of Ambient Air Quality Data Monitored by : Jhankhand State
Pollution Control Board
Name of City : Dhanbad
Name of State : Jharkhand S.
No.
Sampling Location Address
Station Type
Station Code
Month and Year
SO2 . RSPM SPM
n A.M. S.D. Max. n A.M. S.D. Max. n A.M. G.M. S.D. Max. n
1 R.O Dhanbad
R 44 May 2008
39 19.27 4.43 52.30 39. 42.76 9.22 108.09 20 130.33 109.08 74.01
2 MADA Jharia
I 332 May 2008
10 30.23 3.72 41.84 10 65.62 3.03 91.42 5 132.08 129.96 33.35
3 PDIL Sindri
R 46 May 2008
42 16.37 4.25 46.88 42 39.92 7.59 100.57 21 87.80 85.74 20.35
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8.1 Urban and Industrial Disaster Management Plan in Jharkhand:- Disaster Management forms an integral part of any Industrial Activity Management in dealing with the hazards and risks which may have impact on environment, human lives, health and safety and business interests. It is the means by which an industry manages itself in order to mitigate these risks. Maximum panic and turmoil created in the World due to Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) specially Biological and Chemical warfare equipment capable of bringing vast devastation without much tried antidotes. There are various steps involved in the Management of Industrial Disaster. First step is Risk Assessment which consists of Hazard identification, Hazard quantification and Consequence analysis. After the evaluation of risks and hazards which may affect the nearby community in emergency situation a comprehensive resource based response plan has to be prepared or updation in the existing plan has to be done. Community should also be educated on integrated plan. On the other hand off site Emergency/DM plan” begins beyond the premises of the plant. The following are the important features of “off Site Plan”. � The offsite emergency plan will be under the control of local administration. � The plant authorities need to extend their cooperation to the local
administration. � The Plant authorities should make available their ‘on site emergency plan’ so
that the nature of risks and hazards involved in the plant will be known to all the concerned people.
� The copies of emergency plans should be with the government authorities (e.g. Administrator/ Fire station officer/ Factory Inspectorate/ Environment Authorities etc).
� The people living in the immediate vicinity of the plant should be made fully aware of the plant activities and the possible risks associated with the processes.
� The plant authorities should immediately contact the local administrator in case hazard is likely to spread beyond the factory.
� The concerned Police Officers along with civic officials should make arrangements for evacuation of the people from the vicinity to safe areas.
� The plant authorities should extend all technical support in controlling the damage.
� Most importantly, it is the responsibility of the industry management that the people do not get panicky.
� After all the hazard is totally eliminated, people may be brought back to their respective places of working and living.
Map 1.12 Map 1.13
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Table XXVI
JHARKHAND: INDICATORS OF AMENITIES AND FACILITIES IN RURAL AREAS, 1991
Districts % of
Villages % of No. of No. of Post No. of % of % of % of % of % of
with Safe Villages Post
Office and Telephone Villages Villages Villages Villages Villages
Drinking Post and Per
Lakh Telegraph Connection with with with with with
Water Tele Populat
ion Office Per Lakh
Communication Bus Stop
Approach to
Approach to Power
Facilities Facility Per Lakh Population Facility Pucca Road
Katcha Road
Population
Deoghar 65.53 5.46 15.22 1.36 0.99 10.66 14.65 10.14 97.72 20.24
Dhanbad 15.75 12.12 11.89 0.84 1.15 32.19 31.53 37.81 96.50 39.64
Dumka 75.53 8.86 11.46 0.36 0.64 18.58 18.58 11.51 95.95 5.73
Giridih 55.07 9.28 13.13 0.74 0.96 19.20 18.88 15.29 90.23 23.21
Godda 11.33 10.38 19.22 0.72 1.91 9.63 9.63 17.01 84.30 17.89
Gumla 82.40 15.00 18.43 0.45 0.73 14.07 13.21 14.79 98.28 9.55
Hazaribagh 53.52 8.76 11.80 0.73 0.90 18.22 17.89 15.41 83.10 23.60
Lohardaga 82.49 13.88 18.28 0.78 1.56 13.60 13.60 17.28 99.72 40.79
Palamu 68.98 10.41 13.28 1.34 0.99 25.14 24.14 21.97 77.88 26.91
Paschimi Singhbhum 82.16 6.62 11.82 0.53 0.53 12.12 10.61 11.29 98.38 16.40
Purbi Singhbhum 67.26 8.76 17.43 0.52 0.92 13.58 13.39 12.31 98.03 26.33
Ranchi 85.42 11.73 15.44 0.54 0.61 13.49 13.15 10.94 97.11 22.52
Sahibganj 31.34 6.57 12.52 0.50 1.33 10.69 9.73 10.98 97.42 11.89
: (i) Census of India,
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CHAPTER-IV Capacity Analysis of the State
9.1 Capacity analysis of the Institutions in the state: An analysis of the capabilities of selected State-level organisations, which could play key roles in promoting and strengthening disaster management activities, is given below. 9.1.1 The Jharkhand State Disaster Management Authority (JSDMA): State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) has been constituted in Jharkhand vide Notification # 425 ,dated 28/5/2010 in exercise of the powers conferred by sub section (1) of section 14 of DM Act 2005 (Act no. 53 of 2005) by His Excellency , Governor of Jharkhand. The JSDMA has two
distinct objectives viz. (a) Development and updating of Plans and Strategies to handle any type of disaster at various levels and (b) Undertake projects for restoration and strengthening of infrastructure damaged by disasters. 9.1.2 Disaster Mitigation: JSDMA is mandated to develop disaster preparedness plans for the State to meet any eventuality arising out of all kinds of disasters such as cyclone, flood, drought, chemical explosion, etc. It is responsible for:-
• Development of Multi-hazard response plan,
• Establish and maintain a failsafe communication network interconnecting the State, district, block and GP Headquarters for dissemination and collection of information relating to disaster management.
• Institutional capacity building
• Capacity building of the communities and Community Based Organisations to handle emergencies.
• Preparation of Geographic Information System (GIS) for disaster mitigation and development planning.
• Design and development of training programme for decision makers, elected representatives and the Civil Society groups.
• Coordination of NGO efforts
Project Management: The other mandate of JSDMA is to undertake comprehensive restoration and reconstruction of public infrastructure damaged due to various calamities. The primary role of JSDMA is to coordinate between the executing agencies i.e. the various line departments and the various funding agencies, such as Govt. of India, the World Bank, the DFID, UNDP etc. JSDMA is expected to review and approve the technical proposals received form the executing agencies, process the procurement packages, manage the disbursement of funds and monitor the implementation.
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The role of JSDMA is critical in preparedness and mitigation capacity building initiative in the State through designing, developing and implementing effective public policies to reduce risk and vulnerabilities associated with various disasters. A multidisciplinary group in JSDMA will be set up to strengthen the Disaster Management Unit. The group will include technical experts with experience in managing various disasters, IT and GIS personnel, social scientist, Geologist, Medical officer with specialization in Preventive and Social medicines and Communication specialist. The officials of JSDMA will participate in professional training programmes on various aspects of disaster management for their capacity building in Disaster Management. 9.1.3 Shri Krishna Institute of Public Administration:
The Shri Krishna Institute of Public Administration (SKIPA) was set up with the prime aim of providing Institutional Training for officers of the State Administrative Service and Induction Training to the Officers of the Indian Administrative Service. It also conducts in-service trainings, refresher trainings programmes, short duration training programmes for various senior and middle level officers of the State Government. It coordinates training activities of more than 100 training institutes of the Government of Jharkhand and facilitates seminars, symposia, conferences and special studies. The Institute has a Faculty on Disaster Management, which was established in 2007 under the Central Non Plan Scheme funded by Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, in order to build up the training capability of the Institute in different aspects of disaster management. It has organised a series of training programmes on different aspects of disaster management and conducted special studies and documentation following the Mining Disasters, Drought etc. The faculty is selected for improving disaster management training and other allied facilities by the Government of India. The Institute has hostels with other infrastructural facilities and a well-equipped library. The Institute also has 125 computers with Internet facilities. The facilities and the faculty positions in the SKIPA will be further strengthened. The faculty members will be provided with IT support to enhance their exposure to various aspects of Disaster Management. The linkage between the natural disaster management faculty and JSDMA will be further reinforced.
9.1.4 State Institute of Rural Development (SIRD) The State Institute of Rural Development located at Ranchi is the apex Training institute under the Panchayti Raj Department, Government of Jharkhand for imparting training to government officials, elected Panchayat and Zilla Parishad representatives and voluntary agency activists in tribal and community development. It also develops necessary training curriculum for different training programmes and provides leadership and guidance to other Training Institutes in the State in respect of training techniques and other related subjects. It conducts research studies and assists in organizing off-campus programmes, seminars, workshops and conferences in collaboration with the Government and other
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organisations. The infrastructure facilities include an administrative building, classrooms and a conference hall, a library building, and a hostel building. SIRD is academically and functionally associated with two National Institutes namely National Institute of Rural Development, Hyderabad, and National Institute of Public Co-operation & Child Development. The SIRD will be further strengthened to impart training on various aspects of disaster management functionaries of the Panchayati Raj Institutions, the elected representatives, Community Based Organizations and local NGOs.
9.1.5 Jharkhand Space Applications Centre (JSAC): The Jharkhand Space Applications Centre is a specialised Government agency in the area of remote sensing, cartography and space application. It has in its possession various sophisticated system and equipments relating to image analysis, photogrammetric, cartography, photography, environmental monitoring, geophysical investigations, soil survey laboratory, a wide spectrum of satellite and aerial data and adequate number of professionals (scientists and technical) staff who have specialisation in various subjects including applied geography, geology, physics, chemistry, mathematics, statistics, oceanography, marine biology, botany, civil engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, fine arts and sociology, etc., for handling remote sensing data and GIS.
JSAC has the potential of providing very critical knowledge management support to JSDMA and other organisations by providing inputs like remote sensing, geographic information system and management information system support in critical disaster management related parameters. Institutional linkages between JSAC and JSDMA can provide a synergy of disaster management efforts in the State. 9.1.6 Jharkhand Agency for Promotion of Information Technology (JAPIT):
Jharkhand Agency for Promotion of Information Technology (JAP-IT) was conceptualized to accelerate the growth of Information Technology in Jharkhand and implement the policies of the State Govt. in the area of IT. The broad objectives were to provide IT inputs to Governments Departments, Agencies and to assist them in computerization and networking, to co-ordinate with investors and industry, trade organizations and financial institutions in public and private sector. With above objectives, JAP-IT geared up for implementing the projects assigned to them and succeeded in disseminating the strides made by DOIT, Jharkhand through participation in various exhibitions, seminars etc among the leading IT players of the country and thereby attracting them in the state of Jharkhand. 9.1.7 Jharkhand State Information & Communication Network (JHARNET):
Jharkhand State Information & Communication Network (JharNet) is the state-of-the-art communication network built exclusively for the use of the Government of Jharkhand and its various departments. It will revolutionize the way Government functions by providing easier, faster and transparent governance. It will improve Government-Citizen and Government-Business interaction by providing easier accessibility of various Departmental Services to Citizens and Business. JharNet is a transport network on which the user Departments can build their exclusive
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Intranets. It will be the information superhighway for Jharkhand. It is a communication network built to carry Multi Services - Data, Voice and Video. JharNet will modernize the communication set up of the Government, improve the Administrative effectiveness & efficiency, improve the Quality of public service being provided to common man and quicken the overall development of the State through improvement of Intra-Government and Government-Citizen interfaces. 9.1.8 National Informatics Centre (NIC): The National Informatics Centre has facilities like VSAT-based video conferencing, Internet connections from JHARNET centre, Pentium servers running GIS applications etc. The NIC State Secretariat Centre also has VSAT and Internet facility and Pentium server and systems. It has district centers functional at headquarters of 24 districts, with Pentium servers, VSAT facility. It also has district informatics attached to district collectors. The services of NIC will be harnessed to strengthen the communication and information database systems related to disaster management at the State and district levels. 9.1.9 Birsa Agriculture University, Ranchi: One of the premier Agricultural research and training university of India has been identified as specialized institute for the Agriculture Drought Management activities for the State. 9.1.10 Indian School of Mines, Ranchi: One of the premier Mining Technical institution of India has been identified as specialized institute for the Mining Disaster risk management activities for the State. 9.1.11 Birla Institute of Technology Ranchi: One of the premier Technical institution of India has been identified as specialized institute for the Urban earthquake risk management activities for the State. 9.1.12 MECON Ranchi: One of the premier Public Sector Unit of India has been identified as specialized agencies for the Industrial Disaster risk management activities for the State.
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Chapter –V
Disaster Management in Jharkhand
The ultimate vision is to have a disaster resilient Jharkhand with total risk reduction as the main monitoring parameter in all developmental investments and initiatives to ensure sustainable development. In the various efforts that have started in the State, strengthening of organizational structures on disaster management and reorienting existing organisational and administrative structures have been the focal points. Involvement of various government departments, legislators and other natural leaders, research, specialized agencies and resource individuals, UN agencies, other bilateral, international and national donors, training institutes, NGOs, CBOs, Panchayats and the community for a concerted and coordinated effort to reduce risks against all forms of hazards has been the primary focus area of this initiative.
10.1 Management There could not be a single department/organization solely and totally responsible for dealing with all aspects of various types of disasters. The management task is to bring together in an integrated organizational network the resources of the many agencies and individuals who can take appropriate and timely action. 10.2 Multi-Hazard Disaster Management Plan This plan is the first attempt to bring out a common plan for the State for 9 category of possible disasters identified by the 5 sub-groups to which is the State is vulnerable to. The Plan has a ‘multi-hazard approach’ and incorporates various action which will promote a ‘Culture of Preparedness.’ Extensive
consultations, referring to various Disaster Management Plans globally and as suggested by the HPC have led to the incorporation of various concepts. Those are: 10.3 Trigger mechanism is an emergency quick response mechanism, which
would spontaneously set in motion all disaster management activities for response and recovery without loss of critical time. This would entail all the participating managers to know in advance the task assigned to them and the manner of response. The Trigger Mechanism has been envisaged as a preparedness plan whereby the receipts of a signal of an impending disaster or on the occurrence of sudden disaster would simultaneously energies and activate all response and mitigation mechanism without loss of crucial time. This would necessitate the participating managers to know in advance the tasks assigned to them and the manner of response. Identification of available resources, manpower, material, equipment and adequate delegation of financial and administrative powers are perquisites to the successful operation of Trigger Mechanism.
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The Trigger Mechanism is, in essence, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), which lays down in a scientific and comprehensive manner the implementation plans on receipt of a warning of impending disaster or plans to respond quickly to disasters that give no warning. Activities such as evacuation, search and rescue, temporary shelter, food, drinking water, clothing, health and sanitation, communication, accessibility and public information are important components of disaster management, which would follow on the activation of Trigger mechanism. These activities are common to all types of disasters and will require the preparation of sub-action plans by each specified authority. L concept has been developed to define different levels of disasters in order to
facilitate the responses and assistances to States and Districts. L0 level denotes normal times which will be utilized for close monitoring, documentation, prevention and preparatory activities. Training on search and rescue, rehearsals, evacuation and inventory updation for response activities will be carried out during this time. L1 level specifies disaster that can be managed at the District level, however, the
State and Centre will remain in readiness to provide assistance if needed.
L2 level disaster situations are those, which require assistance and active participation of the State, mobilisation of its Resources for management of disasters.
L3 level disaster situation is in case of large scale disaster where the State and
District authorities have been overwhelmed and require assistance from the Central Government for reinstating the State and District machinery as well as for rescue, relief, other response and recovery measures. In most cases, the scale and intensity of the disaster as determined by the concerned technical agency like IMD are sufficient for the declaration of L3 disaster.
10.4 Objectives The objectives of the Disaster Management Plan are to ensure that the following components of disaster management are organised to facilitate planning, preparedness, operational coordination and community participation. Prevention: the elimination or reduction of the incidence or severity of disasters and the mitigation of their effects. Response: the combating of emergencies and the provision of immediate rescue and relief services; Recovery: the assisting of people and communities affected by disasters to achieve a proper and effective level of functioning.
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10.5 Jharkhand’s disaster management arrangements are designed
• to deal with all types of hazards.
Though the focus of attention has been on the more frequent disasters like flash floods, droughts and transport accidents, the same disaster management arrangements and resources could be used for a wider range of hazards for which there has been little or no experience in Jharkhand, such as earthquakes.
• be integrated (involve all stake holders)
The management of emergencies is a shared responsibility involving many people and organizations in the community. It is not something done by one sector to or for the rest of the society, although some organizations have specialized roles of this kind. In addition to the response services, most government departments have some role to play. The disaster response role is usually a minor part of the responsibilities. However, many departments have an essential prevention responsibility. Municipalities, Gram Panchayats, Pachayat Samities and Zilla Parishads have essential roles in disaster management. Besides the Government, Voluntary organizations such as Red Cross, the Civil Defence and organizations specialised in search and rescue operations play well-defined roles in disaster management. Public and Private sector organizations/undertakings are often involved when their services and resources are needed for prevention, response and recovery activities or where disasters affect their buildings, equipment, personnel, suppliers or consumers. Individual members of the community are also responsible for taking preventive, protective and restorative actions in their own and community’s best interests.
• be comprehensive (cover prevention, response and recovery)
Prevention, response and recovery are all important aspects of disaster management and each should be explicitly addressed in the arrangements.
A large number of activities can be included under the general heading of disaster management. These can be clustered into the identifiable components of prevention, response and recovery. These components themselves are not mutually exclusive. These are overlaps of sub-categories. In the overlap areas between the categories there are activities that have characteristics of more than one category. For example, evacuation is a response activity, which is directly concerned with
49
the affected people and is linked to recovery activities.
The model of disaster management as given in the Plan is not designed to show the sequence or hierarchical relationships. All activities are important, and in a comprehensive model, have a place in the overall scheme. Disaster management activities do not take place in any particular sequence. It is now recognized that prevention, response and recovery do not follow each other in order. The time-sequence of all the three activities is given in Figure below.
Prevention activities are carried out at full-effort in full swing all the time, regardless of the occurrence of actual disasters. Prevention strategies can be incorporated into recovery activities (e.g., rebuilding earthquake and flood resistant houses).
Response activities commence as soon as possible after the time of impact, peak to full efforts quickly and often ceases promptly after the disaster has been dealt with and/or affected people have been rescued or evacuated. Recovery activities commence soon after the time of impact and peak to full effort more gradually and often later than response activities. Recovery activities may continue for a considerable period of time, gradually tapering off and merging into normal community development activities weeks, months or even years after the impact. In the State Disaster Management Plan, prevention, response and recovery are not phases or stages of disaster management. The Plan looks at those as a cluster of activities. They take place as needed, and do not follow one another in a sequential order. 10.5 Approaches and Policy Statement towards Management of Disasters:
The approach adopted in the preparation of the Sate Disaster Management Plan is holistic and will address the multi-hazards the State is vulnerable to. It takes into account past lessons and experiences and is built on what exists at different levels, streamlining bottlenecks in systems and operational management procedures.
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The State Plan also adopted the generic categorization of disasters as suggested by the HPC with specific plans to handle different disasters by various departments at the State level. 10.6 Role of the State Government: The State Disaster Management Plan only highlights the activities of the State Government agencies and departments of Prevention, Response and Recovery for L1 and L2 disasters and the activities during L0. The roles of the State Government as envisaged in the Plan are:-
• Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation
• Knowledge Networking and transfer, spread and adoption of improved and appropriate technology for disaster prevention, response and recovery
• Review, modification and adoption of appropriate laws, rules, codes and other measures to increase disaster management at all levels
• Incorporating disaster management aspects in normal developmental activities
• Financial Matters
• Building of Inventories
• Initiating Community Awareness Programme
• Training of department officials from the State Headquarters and districts, members from the community and other stakeholders through a participatory approach
• Generating awareness through media and other IEC strategies and workshops for students, teachers and other stakeholders.
• Documentation
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Chapter-VI
Proposed plan for the holistic Disaster Management in Jharkhand
11.1 The Disaster Management Department of the State came in to existence from Oct, 2004. The Department primarily works to provide timely relief to disaster affected people through releases from state disaster response fund to various line departments and district collectors directly at the time of Disaster. The state disaster response fund comprises of 75% contribution from the central govt. and 25% from the state govt. The State Disaster Management Authority and District Disaster Management Authorities in all the 24 Districts have already been constituted. Department as mandated has developed State Disaster Management Plan in the year 2009, however the capacity of line departments, institutions and non government organsiations and their functionaries on Disaster Management need to be strengthend further. In the year 2010-11 department received a central share of Rs.194.59 crore. The outlay for the financial year 2011-12 is Rs. 204.32 crores. Apart from this an additional fund of Rs. 5 crore has been provided from 13th Finance commission for the first time for capacity building. This will continue for next five years till 2014-15. Existing schemes of Department of Disaster Management, Govt. of Jharkhand:-
• Calamity relief fund distribution and monitoring: - Department has been releasing calamity relief fund to the line departments and Districts for notified Disasters in the state. Department has also been releasing relief fund for the other natural disasters notified by the State Disaster Relief Fund Committee. Department has also released Gratuitous relief fund to all the 24 districts of Jharkhand for the surveyed families at the tune of Rs. 400 per family.
• National program of capacity building for Engineers / Architects in Earthquake risk management: - BIT – Mesra, ISM – Dhanbad and NIT Jamshedpur has been identified as State Resource Centre under this program. All together 147 engineers and 57 Architects have been trained on Earthquake risk management.
• GoI – UNDP DRR & URR Program :- Department has been implementing Disaster risk reduction program with the support of Ministry of Home affairs, Govt. of India, National Disaster Management Authority, Govt. of India and UNDP in three districts (Palamau, Sahibgunj and Ramgarh) and in two cities (Ranchi & Dhanbad) from Nov 2010.
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New schemes:- 1. Capacity building of Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) in the state: - At
present Emergency operating centre’s are operational at the State and in all the 24 districts of Jharkhand under the aegis of Home Department of Govt. of Jharkhand, Department of Disaster Management has a plan to upgrade all the existing Emergency operation centre as per the guideline laid down in NDMA Act -2005. The Emergency operation centre (EOC) will have to act as nerve centre for coordination and management of disasters of all kind and magnitutde. EOC will be a central command and control facility provider , responsible for carrying out the principles of disaster preparedness, response and management functions at a strategic level in emergency situation in their notified area. The EOCs should function at full scale round the clock after the receipt of the first information about the occurrence of natural disaster or for a period specified by the concerned nodal ministry for dealing effectively with the crisis arising out of disaster. Each EOC will be developed in such a manner as to fulfill the local requirements. Objectives of the EOCs shall be to provide centralized direction and control of any or all of the following functions.
• First spontaneous and optimal responder to the disaster / incident
• Receive and process disaster alerts and warnings from nodal agencies and other sources and communicate the same to all designated authorities.
• Respond and monitor emergency operations
• Requisitioning additional resources during the disaster as per the need
• Issuing disaster /incident specific information and instructions specific to all concerned
• Consolidation, analysis , and dissemination of damage , loss and needs assessment data
• Forwarding of consolidated reports to all the designated authorities
• Establishing fail proof communication network (24 x 7)
• Need based First Spontaneous and Optimum Responder Competency(24 x 7)
• Standard operating procedure (SOPs) and Protocol for activation of State & District EOCs during the onset of Disaster / Incidence
• EOC will work as state of the art Facility Centre (24 x 7)
• EOC will be state of art Emergency information centre (24 x 7)
• EOC will work with skilled human resources (24 x 7)
2. Capacity building of Human resources, Govt. Institutions , Urban local bodies and Panchayat Raj Institutions:- Department proposes comprehensive training program to build the capacity of functionaries of all the line departments at State ,District and Block level to integrate and mainstream Disaster Management into development planning and programmes. The integration of Disaster Risk Reduction into national and local development policies and plans is one of the key processes to promote a sustainable and resilient development paradigm. The process of mainstreaming DRR into
53
development planning is invariably impeded due to lack of appropriate tools and methodologies. Under the project, training will be conducted on how to integrate DRR into the development programmes and mainstream it in the development planning process at various levels. Capacity of various stakeholders on Disaster preparedness, response, mitigation and disaster risk reduction planning will be enhanced through this training program. Training and Capacity building program will develop a pool of aware, sensitized, and skilled Govt. functionaries in all the line departments and Govt. institutions. All the newly elected PRI and ULBs will also be sensitized on the need of Disaster management and collective implementation of Disaster management program at Panchayat and Village level. Department proposes training as follows:-
• Training of State, District & Block level officials on disaster assessment, preparedness, response, mitigation and recovery.
• Training of various line department officials and district level officials on implementation of DM plans at various levels.
• Training of PRI functionaries on disaster assessment, preparedness, response, mitigation and recovery.
• Training of Doctors on Hospital Preparedness and Mass Casualty Care.
• Training of engineers, architects and masons on hazard resistant technology.
• Training on incorporation of DRR measures in building byelaws’ and land use development regulations for ensuring structural safety in hazard prone areas.
• Training of State and District level Search and Rescue Force.
3. Development of Disaster Management Knowledge cum Demonstration Centre (SRIJAN) :-Department proposes Knowledge cum Demonstration centers to be created for making aware the community and the common people about various types of probable disasters and their vulnerability to that, through technologies and tools and various ways to mitigate and cope up with the incumbent disaster. These centers will be developed and design for specific disaster like drought, Mining disaster, flood, forest fire and fires etc. These centers will work as centre for providing local need based information, communication, dissemination methodologies, and tools for spreading awareness and inculcating behavioural changes among all the stakeholders. The competency of existing institutions of excellence like Birsa agriculture university (BAU –Ranchi) for drought , Indian school of mines (ISM-Dhanbad) for mining hazards , Birla institute of technology (BIT – Mesra, Ranchi) for earthquake structural safety norms in the housing sector, Jharkhand space application centre (JSAC – Ranchi) for Flood, Forest Fire and Drought will be enhanced to develop Standard operating procedures and protocols , hazard risk and vulnerability analysis for the specific disasters , training need assessment , development of state and district Management plan and development of master trainers on designated aspects of disaster in Jharkhand. Department also proposes to develop State institute for disaster management in Jharkhand. Space application based MIS Knowledge will be
54
utilized for planning and management of the onslaught disasters of various kinds. These centers will be popularly nomenclatured as SRIJAN.
HRVA Analysis & Disaster Management Plan development and up dation :- Department proposes Hazard and Vulnerability analysis of all the 24 districts and consolidation at State level for the Need based Development and Updating of State Disaster Management Plan and District Disaster Management Plan in all the 24 Districts. The process based Hazard Risk and Vulnerability Analysis is proposed through Consultancy, Research, Technical Feasibility Study and Participatory analysis by competent expert agencies and individuals on contractual basis.
4. Strengthening Fire fighting capacity in the 94 Tribal schools of Jharkhand to meet the Health needs of the Tribal residential schools from the savings 5. Developing the response capacity of Flood affected District EOCs with Life
Jackets
6. Information , Awareness and Communication on Community based Disaster risk reduction
7. Ensure strict control on mineral mining and coal mining agencies
• Maintain a periodical check and control on all agencies mining minerals including coal- mining agencies regarding adherence to environmental norms. Licenses to be cancelled and mining to be stopped if norms are not adhered to. The latest equipment for environmental pollution to be procured and installed by all agencies for dust, smoke and neutralization of harmful gases being released into the atmosphere. There should be regulation on the utilisation of Fly Ash as per the recent directive issued by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) to the State Pollution Control Boards has made it mandatory for brick-kilns located within a radius of 50 kms to utilize at least 25% of fly-ash to manufacture bricks and other clay products. Fly ash can be used for back filling of mines, filling of road embankments, flyovers and in the manufacture of cement.
8. Penalty to be imposed on defaulting industrial units
• It is very encouraging to note that the JSPCB is all set to impose a penalty on six industrial units in Seraikela-Kharswan and West Singhbhum districts for violating the provisions of the Air Act 1981, the Water Act 1974 and Environment Protection Act 1986. These units have not installed necessary equipment in their chimneys to restrict the discharge of industrial air effluents to the atmosphere. Further, the Dust Absorption System has not been installed within the company premises.
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9. Enforce strict pollution norms on factories
Carry out periodical checks on factories that are polluting nearby water sources with harmful chemicals and ensure their adherence to existing norms. All factories must install proper filtering equipment for separating and neutralising all harmful chemicals. Licenses to be cancelled for non-adherence. The recent Supreme Court ruling on factories polluting the Hooghly River in West Bengal was a landmark decision.
10. Afforestation schemes This must include planting of quick growing species useful for commercial, industrial and cottage industries as well as domestic requirement. Fuel wood and fodder species must also be planted. This will prevent further degradation of the environment. A target for each district should be chalked out and the task completed as per plan. Continuous involvement of the Forest Department must be ensured. FDA should be formed and funds availed from the Government of India. Active involvement of the Corporate Sector could be considered.
11. Encourage schemes relating to energy conservation
Energy conservation schemes to be worked out and put into action at the earliest. School teachers and high school students to be involved in these energy efficiency projects. Loans and other incentives to be provided to them. Encourage women entrepreneurs by giving them the requisite training, guidance and finance to get their projects or schemes started.
12. Explore ways of converting waste products
Explore ways of converting waste products to value added items. For example, slag that is a waste from production of steel is now being utilized for manufacture of cement. Fly ash will now be used in the manufacture of bricks and other related products. By these methods pollution would be reduced.
13. Tap the Potential of Specialist Agencies &Impart Environmental Education
Use the services of specialist agencies such as CMPDI for conducting studies on matters relating to the restoration of the environment. Conscientize MPs, MLAs and Bureaucrats on the problems of environmental preservation.
14. Liaise with Urban Development
The National River Conservation Programme (NRCP) has been launched to control abatement of pollution in major rivers. Funds available with the Urban Development Department can gainfully be utilized for control of pollution in rivers.
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15. Look at the best practices world wide Have a detailed look at best practices in other States and other countries and see if any of these practices can be adopted which would benefit this State (for example re-cycling of waste paper, re-cycling of plastics, recycling of glass, use of wood-shavings for compressed boards etc).
16. Enforcement of Technolegal regime in the Urban areas in coordination
with Urban development department and local bodies Proper enforcement of Technolegal regime in the growing cities and urban localities will be promoted through Policy advocacy, training, IECs and Demonstration activities.
Mainstreaming of Disaster management strategies and activities in the Line department plans:- • Water resources department, Govt. of Jharkhand has mainstreamed the
disaster management activities in response to the Ground water depletion disaster in Jharkhand
• Collaborative planning has been done with Forest department for intensifying plantation around the perennial water bodies in Jharkhand
• Strict enforcement of Environment (Protection ) act 1986 and Water Act 1986
• Intra state Basin water transfer project is under formulation • A collaborative feasibility study project with National water
development agency (NWDA) is in progress on the probable connection of Sone and Ganga river basin in Jharkhand
• Model rainwater harvesting scheme in progress to improve the ground water level in the state by WRD
• Department of Urban development has been mobilised to remove encroachment over the Water bodies in the growing townships of Jharkhand
• Jharkhand state ground water development and management (control & regulation) Act 2011 is drafted to ensure the improvement of ground water situation in different critical areas in the state
• Minor irrigation department has initiated the construction of 113 check dams in different river basins in Jharkhand under Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Program (AIBP)
• Constitution of Ist Water commission for the period of three years has also been proposed
• Food grain distribution to the 11Lakh additional BPL in Jharkhand by the Food and civil supply department
• Installation of High yield deep tube well by PHED in each panchayats and wards in Jharkhand
• Mobilising MGNREGA plan and schemes at panchayat level for water harvesting structures
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Emergency Operations Centre: - State Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) has been setup in the State HQ under the aegis of Department of Home affairs. State control room is functional at the department of Disaster Management. District Emergency operation center has been set up in all the 24 districts HQ in Jharkhand. Activities of Emergency Operation Centre (EOC)
The Emergency Operation Centre will carry out various tasks on a day-to-day basis and during an emergency situation. Some of its key activities are the following: Normal time activities
An Administrative Officer, as Officer-in-charge, of EOC is responsible for the effective functioning of the EOC. His/her responsibilities during the normal times include:
• To Ensure all warning and communication systems, instruments are in working condition
• Information collection on a routine basis from the district departments on the vulnerability of areas to disasters
• Liaison with SDMA, DDMA and DDMC
• Develop status reports of preparedness and mitigation activities in the district
• Ensure appropriate implementation of State and District Disaster Management Plan
• Maintenance of data bank with regular updating
• Ensure Evaluation & updating of State and District Disaster Management Plan
However, EOC would keep an account of the amendments and accordingly review its response strategy. The Officer-in-Charge of EOC will be responsible for activating the trigger mechanism in form of Incidence response system at State and District level in the event of receipt of a warning or occurrence of a disaster.
Activities during an Emergency
On the basis of message received from the forecasting agencies, warning will be issued for the general public and the departments, which play a vital role during emergencies. Issue of correct and timely warning would be one of the prime responsibilities of EOC during emergency times. The warning or occurrence of a disaster will also be communicated to:
• Chairperson (SDMA) ,Chief Secretary , Secretary ,Disaster Management Department and the entire line department
• Office of Divisional Commissioner
• The officials of central government located within the State and district
• Members of DDMA
• MPs, MLAs, Mayor, President Zilla Panchayat, from the district or affected
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area
• Local units of Defence Services
• And all the Emergency Support Functionaries within the District during disaster EOC will also perform the following functions:
• Collection and compilation of information from the affected area
• Documentation of information flow
• Decision making regarding resource management
• Allocation of task to different resource organizations
• Supply of information to the State Government
• First optimal responder to the disaster Post-emergency activities After an emergency, the main responsibilities of the EOC would be:
• Evaluation of relief and rehabilitation activities in order to assess the nature of state intervention and support, suitability of the organizational structure, institutional arrangements, adequacy of Operating Procedures, monitoring mechanisms, information tools, equipment and communication system.
• Post-emergency impact studies for long term preventive and mitigation efforts to be taken.
• Post Disaster Need Assessment as per the scale of Disaster
4. Incident Site Operation Centre (SOC)
An Incident Site Operation Centre (SOC) is also proposed as a complimentary unit to EOC, especially during Disasters, which will operate close to the disaster site and will be linked directly with the State and District Emergency Operations Centre. The concerned Additional Collectors at District as Nodal Officer and CEO of DDMA will be the nodal officer from the district administration at this Centre. All information would be conveyed to the Collector from the ACs through the administrative officer appointed at SOC. The DM unit of the respective vital departments would be responsible to execute activities at disaster site; however the tasks would be controlled and coordinated from EOC through nodal desk officers.
In the event of a serious disaster, the Chief Secretary will have sole right to appoint senior officers of any State Government Department, posted in the district as ‘Field Relief Managers’ for monitoring and co-ordinating the relief
operations in the affected area.
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5. Incident response System (IRS)
The primary responsibility for disaster management rests with the States. The institutional mechanisms put in place at the Centre, State and District levels will help the States to manage disasters in an effective manner. The DM Act, 2005 mandates the State Governments, inter alia, to take measures for preparation of state DM plans, integration of measures for prevention of disasters or mitigation into state development plans, allocation of funds, establishment of early warning systems and to assist the Central Government and other agencies in various aspects of DM. At the District level, DDMAs will act as the planning, coordinating and implementing body for DM and will take all measures for the purposes of DM in the respective Districts in accordance with the Guidelines laid down by NDMA and the concerned SDMA.
The standardized on-scene emergency management is an integrated organizational structure comprising staff members from the state Chief Secretary and district Deputy Commissioners to meet the complexity and demands of IRS without being hindered by jurisdictional boundaries. IRS is the combination of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and communications operating within a common organizational structure, with responsibility for the management of resources to effectively accomplish stated objectives pertinent to an incident. Incident Response System (IRS) in Jharkhand
The Chief Secretary is the official Incident Response Team Leader to activate the response system and to control and coordinate the resources required at the site of disaster. The IRS is a set of Emergency Management tools consisting of combination of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and communications operating within a common organizational structure, with responsibility for the management of resources to effectively accomplish stated objectives pertinent to an incident. Incident Response System (IRS) at the District
The Deputy Commissioner is the official Incident Response Team Leader to activate the command system and to control and coordinate the resources required at the site of disaster.
State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) At the State level, the Chairperson and the CM there of is the Vice Chairperson, the state authority (SDMA) headed by the respective CMs as chairperson will lay down policies and plans for DM in the State. It will, inter alia, approve the State Plan in accordance with the Guidelines laid down by the NDMA, coordinate the implementation of the State Plan, recommend provision of funds for mitigation and preparedness measures and review the developmental plans of the different departments of the State to ensure integration of prevention, preparedness and mitigation measures. Each State Government will constitute a State Executive Committee (SEC) to assist the SDMA in the performance of
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its functions. The SEC will be headed by the Chief Secretary (CS) to the State Government and coordinate and monitor the implementation of the National Policy, the National Plan and the State Plan. The SEC will also provide information to the NDMA relating to different aspects of DM. District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)
Each DDMA will be headed by the respective District Magistrate, District Collector (DC), Dy. Commissioner as the case may be, with the elected representative of the Local Authority as the Co-Chairperson. DDMA will act as the planning, coordinating and implementing body for DM at District level and take all necessary measures for the purposes of DM in accordance with the Guidelines laid down by the NDMA and SDMA. It will, inter alia, prepare the District DM plan for the District and monitor the implementation of the National Policy, the State Policy, the National Plan, the State Plan concerning its own District and prepare the District Plan. The DDMA will also ensure that the Guidelines for prevention, mitigation, preparedness and response measures laid down by NDMA and SDMA are followed by all Departments of the State Government, at the District level and the Local Authorities in the District.
Local Authorities Local Authorities would include Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), Municipal Corporations, Municipalities, District and Cantonment Boards and Town Planning Authorities which control and manage civic services. These bodies will prepare DM Plans in consonance with the Guidelines of NDMA, SDMAs and DDMAs and will ensure capacity building of their officers and employees for managing disasters, carry out relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction activities in the affected areas. State Police Forces, Fire Services and Home Guards
The State Police Forces, the Fire and Emergency Services and Home Guards are crucial and most immediate responders to disasters. The Police will be trained and the Fire and Emergency Services upgraded to acquire multi-hazard rescue capability. Home Guards volunteers will be trained in disaster preparedness, emergency response, community mobilisation, etc. The State Governments may take the help of NDMA for capacity building and sensitisation of their forces. Civil Defence (CD) and Home Guards The mandate of the Civil Defence (CD) and the Home Guards will be redefined to assign an effective role in the field of disaster management. They will be deployed for community preparedness and public awareness. A culture of voluntary reporting to duty stations in the event of any disaster will be promoted. A proper CD set up in every District will be a boon for disaster response as the neighbourhood community is always the first responder in any disaster. The proposal to make CD District centric and be involved in disaster response has already been approved by the GoI. Its phase wise implementation has also begun. The Districts have been taken up for revamping Civil Defence.
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Role of National Cadet Corps (NCC), National Service Scheme (NSS) and Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS) Potential of these youth based organisations will be optimised to support all community based initiatives and DM training would be included in their programmes. Need for IRS The DM Act 2005 has heralded a paradigm shift in DM from a post-event response to one of pre-event prevention, mitigation and preparedness. Though India has a long history of battling disasters and providing adequate response, it was clearly realized that there were a number of shortcomings like; a. Lack of
accountability because of ad-hoc and emergent nature of arrangements and no prior training for effective performance; b. Lack of an orderly and systematic planning process; c. Unclear chain of command and supervision of response activity; d. Lack of proper communication, inefficient use of available resources, use of conflicting codes and terminology and no prior communication plan; e. Lack of predetermined method / system to effectively integrate inter-agency requirements into the disaster management structures and planning process; f. Lack of coordination between the first responders and
individuals, professionals and NGOs with specialized skills during the response phase; and g. Lack of use of common terminology for different resources
resulting in improper requisitioning and inappropriate resource mobilization etc;In view of the paradigm shift towards improved pre-disaster preparedness, there is an urgent need for a proper and a well prepared response system which would have; a. Well thought out pre-designated roles for each member of the response team; b. Systematic and complete planning process; c. System of accountability for the IRT members; d. Clear cut chain of command; e. Effective resource management; f. Proper and coordinated communications set up; g. System for effectively integrating independent agencies into the planning
and command structure without infringing on the independence of the concerned agencies; and h. Integration of community resources in the response effort.
The IRS organisation functions through Incident Response Teams (IRTs) in the field. In line with our administrative structure and DM Act 2005, Responsible Officers (ROs) have been designated at the State and District level as overall in charge of the incident response management. The RO may however delegate responsibilities to the Incident Commander (IC), who in turn will manage the incident through IRTs. The IRTs will be pre-designated at all levels; State, District, Sub-Division and Tehsil/Block. On receipt of Early Warning, the RO will activate them. In case a disaster occurs without any warning, the local IRT will respond and contact RO for further support, if required. A Nodal Officer (NO) has to be designated for Incident Response System proper coordination between the District, State and National level in activating air support for response. Apart from the RO and Nodal Officer (NO), the IRS has two main components; a) Command Staff and b) General Staff.
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2.2.1 Command Staff The Command Staff consists of Incident Commander (IC), Information & Media Officer (IMO), Safety Officer (SO) and Liaison Officer (LO). They report directly to the IC and may have assistants. The Command Staff may or may not have supporting organisations under them. The main function of the Command Staff is to assist the IC in the discharge of his functions 2.2.2 General Staff The General Staff has three components which are as follows; 2.2.2.1 Operations Section (OS)
• The OS is responsible for directing the required tactical actions to meet incident objectives.
• Management of disaster may not immediately require activation of Branch, Division and Group.
• Expansion of the OS depends on the enormity of the situation and number of different types and kinds of functional Groups required in the response management.
2.2.2.2 Planning Section (PS) The PS is responsible for collection, evaluation and display of incident information, maintaining and tracking resources, preparing the Incident Action Plan (IAP) and other necessary incident related documentation. They will assess the requirement of additional resources, propose from where it can accessed or mobilized. Coordination of Response at the State Level In any disaster response, the initial efforts would always be taken by the District Administration. However, when Districts are overwhelmed in any situation, the support necessarily has to come from the State and National level. While the IRS is mainly relevant at the basic functional level, it is absolutely necessary that the support functionaries from the State and the National level also conform to the principles of IRS in the emergency support duties. This will be greatly beneficial for the proper coordination of the various response efforts at the National and State level with that of the District. It is therefore necessary to clearly understand the structure of the IRS in the context of State response. The organisational structure of IRS at the State level is not necessarily to be activated in the management of all types and scales of disasters. For monitoring and support of the incident response, the RO will involve all required Emergency Support Functionaries (ESF) and headquarters IRT to support the on scene IC. The IC will work in close coordination with EOC and report to RO. The State Government / CS will designate various officers of line departments for the corresponding IRS positions to perform duties. Being the administrative head of the State as well as the CEO of SDMA, the CS is designated as the RO of the State. CS may delegate some of his functions to the
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Secretary, DM of the State, for the day to day supervision and management of the incident. CS will however remain fully briefed by EOC and IC and be aware of all developments and progress of response activities at all times. In case an incident is beyond the control of a District administration or a number of Districts are affected, the RO of the State will consider the setting up of an Area Command and designate an Area Commander (AC). He may consider the Divisional Commissioner to act as AC or may deploy appropriate/suitable officer irrespective of seniority. The RO may also deploy some supporting staff to assist him. In case when central teams (NDRF, Armed Forces) are deployed, the RO should ensure resolution of all conflicts. For this purpose he may attach a representative of such agencies in the EOC. Though the teams so deployed will work in OS in the form of Strike Teams, Task Forces or Single Resource under the supervision of OSC all conflicts can easily be resolved at the highest level by the RO. IC will also exercise close supervision and resolve all conflicts at his level if required. 3.4.1 Roles and Responsibilities of CS as RO of the State
• The CS who is the head of the State administration and also chairperson of SEC and CEO of SDMA, will perform responsibilities laid down under clause 22 (2) and 24 of the DM Act, 2005;
• The Section 22 (h) of the Act provides that the Chairperson of SEC will give directions to any department of the Government of the State or any other authority or body in the case of emergency;
• State regarding actions to be taken in response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster. Thus CS will ensure active participation of all departments at State level;
Apart from the above, the CS will:
•••• Ensure that IRTs at State, District, Sub-Division, Tehsil/Block are formed and IRS is integrated in the State and District DM Plan. This may be achieved by issuing a Standing Order to all District Magistrates/DCs, line departments to identify suitable officers for different positions in the IRTs
• Issue a Standing Order in advance to different departments and agencies, so that in any emergency, mobilisation of both equipment and personnel happens smoothly;
• Ensure that a reasonable amount of imprest fund is sanctioned clearly delineating the procedure for emergency procurement;
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• Ensure funds of 13th Finance Commission (FC) for capacity building of administrative machinery in DM is spent appropriately.
• Ensure that IRS is incorporated in the training syllabus of ATIs and other training institutions of the State. There should be proper faculty in the ATI for such purpose.
• In case of necessity, apart from the recommended funds of the 13th FC, funds as mentioned in S. No. 25 of CRF norms letter No. 32-34/2005 NDM- 1/MHA GoI may also be used;
• Ensure effective communication and Web based / online Decision Support System (DSS) is in place in the EOC and connected with District, Sub- Division, Tehsil/Block level IRTs for support;
• Eensure that toll free emergency numbers existing in the State for Police, Fire And Medical support etc. will be linked to the EOC for response, command and control. For e.g., if there is any fire incident, the information should not only reach the fire station but also to the EOC and the nearest `hospital to gear up to attend to any casualties and to the emergency medical service for the mobilisation of ambulance service to reach the spot;
• Activate IRTs at State headquarters when the need arises and issue order for their demobilisation on completion of response;
• Set overall objectives and incident related priorities;
• Identify, mobilise and allocate critical resources according to established priorities;
• Ensure that local Armed Forces Commanders are involved in the Planning Process and their resources are appropriately dovetailed, if required;
• Ensure that when NDRF, Armed Forces arrive in support for disaster response, their logistic requirements like, camping ground, potable water, electricity and requirement of vehicles etc. are taken care of;
• Coordinate with the Central Government for mobilisation of Armed Forces, Air support etc. as and when required;
• Identify suitable NO to coordinate Air Operations and ensure that all District ROs are aware of it;
• Ensure that incident management objectives do not conflict with each other;
• Consider the need for the establishment of AC, if required;
• Establish Unified Command (UC) if required and get the approval of Chief
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Minister (CM);
• Ensure that telephone directory of all ESF is prepared and available with EOC and IRTs;
• Ensure use of Global Positioning System (GPS) technology in the vehicles (Police, Fire, Ambulance etc.) to get connectivity for their effective utilisation;
• Keep the chairperson of SDMA informed of the progress of incident response;
• Ensure overall coordination of response, relief and other activities;
• Ensure that the Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) carry out their activities in an equitable and non-discriminatory manner;
• Conduct post response review on performance of IRTs and take appropriate steps to improve performance; and take such other necessary action as the situation demands.
3.5 Coordination of Response at the District Level The District Magistrate/DC is the head of the District administrative set up and chairperson of the DDMA as per the DM Act, 2005. DC has been designated as the RO in the District.
• The heads of different departments in the District will have separate roles to play depending on the nature and kind of disaster.
• The roles and responsibilities of the members of the DDMA will be decided in advance in consultation with the concerned members.
• The roles of other line departments also have to be clearly delineated in various disaster situations in the District DM Plan which will be duly approved by the State Government, so that there will be no ambiguity about their functions during response.
• The District Magistrate / DC / RO will issue a Standing Order for formation of IRT at District headquarters / Sub-Division and Tehsil / Block levels. He will ensure that appropriate and experienced officers are selected for IRTs.
• Incident Response System can be mobilised and keep IC informed. This Section also prepares the demobilisation plan.
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2.2.2.3 Logistics Section (LS) The LS is responsible for providing facilities, services, materials, equipment and Other resources in support of the incident response. The Section Chief participates in development and implementation of the IAP, activates and supervises Branches and Units of his section. In order to ensure prompt and smooth procurement and supply of resources as per financial rules, the Finance Branch has been included in the LS Functions of IRS
• To create and integrate communication flow during emergency period
• To manage incident scene, and report through integrated and coordinated command plan
• To facilitate procedures and protocols according to ESF Departments within State and National Government.
• To put the communication system in place to receive, record, acknowledge incoming and out going information of any form during the disaster
• To manage resources as per their availability such as– distribution of relief material with ESF agencies required during emergency etc
• Monitoring functional areas during and post disaster phase IRS can function and involve:
Secretary Disaster Management - State EOC Deputy Commissioner - District EOC IRS system would consist of a team including:
• Commander
• Operations
• Planning
• Logistics
• Finance Role of Incident Commander
• DC is the over all in-charge during the event
• ADM’s of the districts contributes to the command system
• Supporting personal for IC system to be operational
• Information officer
• Operation
• Planning
• Logistics
• Finance Operation Section
• All activities which are directed towards reduction of hazard, establishing situation control and restoration of normal operations
• Area of operations : Staging
• Geographical area of operation
• Functional area of operation
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• Site area of operation
• Planning section
• Collection, evaluation, dissemination and use of information about the development of the incident and the status of resources
• Responsible for creating action plan Planning Section
• Resource
• Situation
• Documentation
• De-mobilisation
• Specialist
• Logistic Section Provide all support needed
• Orders all resources from off-incident locations
• Provides facilities, transportation, supplies, equipment maintenance, fueling feeding, communications, and medical services
• Service Branch: Communication, Medical Food Units
• Support Branch: Supply Unit Finance Unit
• Responsible for tracking all incident cost and evaluating all financial consideration of the incident
• Time Unit
• Procurement Unit
• Compensation / Cilium Unit
• Cost Unit VVIP/VIP Visits
Visits by VIP’s can lift the morale of those affected by the disaster as well as those who are involved in the response. It has been seen that the Ministers, members of Parliament and State legislatures, local councilors, leaders of various political parties, etc. visit the scene of a disaster and the injured to mark public concern and see the disaster response. It may be possible that the scale of a disaster may in addition prompt visits of the Prime Minister, Governor, Chief Minister, etc. Sometimes their visit to the disaster site is likely to adversely affect the rescue operations, particularly if casualties are still trapped. It will be ensured that their visits do not interrupt rescue and life saving work and the police, as co-ordinator of the disaster response will explain the ground situation to them and try to avoid their visit, if possible. However, in case the visit becomes impossible to avoid, it should fix up the timings of their visits. The additional need for their security would also cause a problem. The police and the local services are, however, experienced at handling VIP visits and many of the usual considerations will apply to their visit to a disaster site.
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It would be desirable to restrict media coverage of such visits, in which case the police will liaise with the government press officer to keep their number to minimum. The police will also brief the VVIP/VIP beforehand about the details of casualties, damage and the nature of the disaster and in this case a brief note for such briefings may be prepared. Action Plan for the Fire Services in Jharkhand Response Activation:
• The State Nodal Officer, Jharkhand Fire Service and District Fire Officer , will activate the Quick Response Teams
• The Quick Response Teams will be deployed at the site
• As per the information from Incident Management Teams (IMTs), adequate officers may be sent to site. Actions to be taken:
• At the site, QRTs will contact the local volunteers and local people to gather information about vulnerable areas so that search and rescue operation can take place through a proper channel in heavily dense areas, large buildings, community centers, hotels, hospitals, public buildings and any other area having large gathering.
• Locate the damaged and collapsed structures and rescue the population buried and trapped in rubble.
• The injured people will be taken out of damaged buildings etc with utmost care.
• In case of fire, appropriate action will be taken to douze off and ensure safety of the building and populace
• Special care will be given to women and children groups as they are expected to be more affected and helpless incase of any emergency situation
• Coordinate with the transportation ESF if a large number of medical professionals need to be sent to the affected sites and/or a large number of victims need to be transported to health facilities. Action Plan for Civil Defence and Home Guards in Jharkhand Response Activation:
• The Civil defense commissioner as State Nodal Officer will activate the Quick Response Teams
• The Quick Response Teams will be deployed at the site
• As per the information from IMTs, adequate officers may be sent to site Action to be taken:
• Support and coordinate with the Incident Command System for Law & order, Search & rescue, Medical response and Trauma Counseling
• Locate the damaged and collapsed structures and rescue the affected people
• Special care to women and children groups as they are expected to be more affected and helpless incase of any emergency situation.
• Helping in First-aid to the affected people alongwith the Medical team
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Action Plan for Municipal Corporations in Jharkhand Response Activation:
• The Chief operating officer (CEO) as Nodal Officer of MCs will activate the Quick Response Teams
• The Quick Response Teams will be deployed at the site
• As per the information from IMTs, adequate officers may be sent to site. Action to be taken:
• MCs will bring debris of heavy RCC structures and put dummies beneath the debris. This will facilitate demonstration of search and rescue operations. Soon after search and rescue team leave the site, MCs will mobilize equipments for debris clearance.
• MCs will assume main role in equipment support for debris and road clearance.
• MCs will transport the equipments like JCB, concrete cutters required as per the need
• The Supporting Agencies’ Nodal Officers will call for personnel to immediately start debris clearance operation to enable movement to the affected site.
• All supporting agencies will inspect the road/rail network and structures within the disaster site and surrounding.
• MCs will also ensure proper corpse disposal and post mortem by coordinating with ESF on medical response
• The QRTs will report the situation and the progress in response activities to the respective EOCs
• Undertake construction of temporary roads to serve as access to temporary transit and relief camps and medical facilities for disaster victims
• MCs will ensure the provision of medicine and other medical facilities required at the disaster site and the hospital heal centers catering to disaster victims
• MCs will coordinate, direct and integrate district and State level response to provide equipment support, relief camps establishment, sanitation and health assistances Action Plan for Drinking water and sanitation department of Jharkhand Response Activation:
• The Secretary as Nodal Officer t state level and DC as nodal officer at district level will activate the Quick Response Teams at state level and Executive engineer at District level will do the same.
• The Quick Response Teams will be deployed at the site.
• As per the information from IMTs, adequate officers may be sent to site. Action to be taken:
• DWSD will bring appropriate equipments to ensure smooth search and rescue operations at the incident site.
• DWSD will assume main role in equipment support for debris and road clearance, if maintained by them.
• The QRTs will report the situation and the progress in response activities to the respective EOCs.
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• Undertake construction of temporary roads to serve as access to temporary transit and relief camps and medical facilities for disaster victims.
• DWSD will coordinate, direct and integrate state level response to provide appropriate shelter homes and other possible assistance to the victims.
• Undertake repair of all paved and unpaved road surfaces including edge metaling, patching and nay failure of surface and keep monitoring the condition.
Action Plan for Agriculture & sugarcane development department of Jharkhand Response Activation:
• The Secretary as Nodal Officer t state level and DC as nodal officer at district level will activate the Quick Response Teams
• The Quick Response Teams will be deployed at the site
• As per the information from IMTs, adequate officers may be sent to site. Actions to be taken:
• A&SDD will bring appropriate strategies to ensure smooth relief activities during drought
• A&SDD will assume main role in drought response activities in the state.
• The QRTs will report the situation and the progress in response activities to the respective EOCs.
• Undertake alternative crop production for drought affected areas and farmers.
• A&SDD will coordinate, direct and integrate state level response to provide appropriate relief, input, training other possible assistance to drought affected households shelter homes and to the victims.
• Undertake recovery and rehabilitation of drought affected farmers keep monitoring the condition.
Action Plan for Irrigation and Flood Control Department in Jharkhand Response Activation:
• The Secretary as Nodal Officer t state level and DC as nodal officer at district level will activate the Quick Response Teams
• The Quick Response Teams will be deployed at the site
• As per the information from IMTs, adequate officers may be sent to site. Actions to be taken:
• QRTs will place boats and necessary equipments at the site, in case of floods
• QRTs will ensure dissemination of warning messages to the authorities
• QRTs will coordinate with the Supporting Agencies’ for water supply
• QRTs will coordinate for providing Temporary Shelters
• QRTs will coordinate in restoration of infrastructure
• QRTs to report of situation and progress of action to the EOC
Action Plan for Food and Civil Supplies Department in Jharkhand Response Activation:
• The Secretary as Nodal Officer t state level and DC as nodal officer at district level will activate the Quick Response Teams
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• The Quick Response Teams will be deployed at the site
• As per the information from IMTs, adequate officers may be sent to site. Actions to be taken:
• Coordinating with transportation ESFs to ensure quality supply of relief materials.
• Continuing free Community kitchens for the affected people
• QRTs to report to site relief camps
• QRTs to manage the distribution of food items to affected victims.
• QRTs to report on progress of action taken to EOC Action Plan for Department of Transport in Jharkhand Response Activation:
• The Secretary as Nodal Officer t state level and DC as nodal officer at district level will activate the Quick Response Teams
• The Quick Response Teams will be deployed at the site
• As per the information from IMTs, adequate officers may be sent to site. Actions to be taken:
• QRTs will help in Evacuation
• QRTs will provide vehicles and transport the victims to appropriate relief camps
• Team leader communicates situation to support agencies. Action Plan for BSNL Jharkhand Response Activation: • The Secretary IT department as Nodal Officer at state level and DC as nodal
officer at district level will activate the Quick Response Teams
• The Quick Response Teams will be deployed at the site
• As per the information from IMTs, adequate officers may be sent to site. Action to be taken:
• BSNL is primarily responsible for restoration of communication facilities
• BSNL will ensure the smooth flow of information that can cater to the outreach in a time-sensitive manner at district and state level in response efforts.
• TL will send emergency repair teams equipped with required tools, tents and food.
• Communicate situation to other support agencies i.e. private telephone operators
• Work out a plan of action for private telecom companies and convene a meeting to discuss and finalize the modalities
• Establish telephone facilities for the public and giving information through media.
• Make available various types of equipment/material and services, if required.
• Inform district as well as state authorities on action taken.
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Action Plan for Information & Public relation department in Jharkhand Response activation:
The Chief secretary as Nodal Officer at state level and DC as nodal officer at district level will designate a person at State and District EOC for the dissemination of situation report and response taken by the Govt. Action to be taken:
• Inform the individuals in the state
• To activate a communication system at the earliest.
• Coordination mechanisms to be shared with critical authorities
• Set up as alternative communication network till the main linkages are restored.
Action Plan for Department of Health in Jharkhand Response Activation:
• The Secretary as Nodal Officer at state level and DC as nodal officer at district level Nodal officer will call nodal officers of supporting agencies
• In coordination with the transportation ESF, it will ensure adequate number of medical professionals and assistants to reach the sites with sufficient medicines and required materials.
• Ensure setting up of temporary information centers at hospitals with the help of ESF on help lines and warning dissemination.
• Nodal officer will activate QRTs
• Help in sending adequate number of Ambulances and medical professionals/ assistants to reach the sites with sufficient medicines and required materials.
• Ensure setting up of temporary information centers at hospitals with the help of ESF on help lines and warning dissemination.
Action to be taken:
• To make ready all hospitals for managing large number of causalities and severely injured victims.
• Sufficient stock of required medicines, vaccines, plasters, drugs etc
• Provide systemic approach to patient care.
• Maintain patient tracking system to keep record of all patients treated
• Deploy mobile hospitals as required
• QRTs will report the situation and the progress on action taken by the team to the respective EOCs
• QRTs will ensure timely response to the needs of the affected victims
• To provide ambulance services
• To help in readying all possible hospitals for managing large number of causalities and severely injured victims.
• To arrange sufficient stock of required medicines, vaccines, plasters, drugs, etc
• Deploy mobile hospitals as required
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• QRTs will report the situation and the progress by the team to the respective EOCs
• QRTs will ensure timely response to the needs of the affected victims
• Helping in arranging additional beds, bloods and medicines for the casualties.
Action Plan for Red Cross Society in Jharkhand Response Activation:
• State director of Red Cross and DC at the district as Nodal officer will activate QRTs
• Helping in providing adequate number of medical professionals and assistants to reach the sites with sufficient medicines and required materials.
• Ensure setting up of temporary information centers at hospitals with the help of ESF on help lines and warning dissemination.
Action to be taken:
• To provide ambulance services
• Arranging First aid camps at the sites
• To arrange sufficient stock of required medicines, vaccines, plasters, drugs, etc
• To provide relief kits, whether food or materials, during the incident
• QRTs will report the situation and the progress on action taken by the team to the respective EOCs
• QRTs will ensure timely response to the needs of the affected victims
Action plan for selected NGOs, RWAs and NYKS
Emerging trends in managing natural disasters have highlighted the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as one of the most effective alternative means of achieving an efficient communications link between the disaster management agencies and the effected community. In typical disaster situation, they can be of help in preparedness, relief and rescue, rehabilitation and reconstruction and also in monitoring and feedback. Organized activities of NGOs/RWAs/NYKS/ at different stages of Disaster Management are:
STAGE ACTIVITY
Pre-Disaster Awareness and information campaigns, Training of local volunteers, Advocacy and planning
During Disaster Immediate rescue and first-aid, including psychological aid, supply of food, water, medicines and other immediate need materials ensuring sanitation and hygiene damage assessment
Post-Disaster Technical and material aid in reconstruction assistance in seeking financial aid monitoring
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Chapter VII: STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES Disasters lead to loss of human lives on a large scale. If a formalized and timely response does not take place, the death toll can increase immensely. Therefore each district in coordination with the State formulated a District Response Plan consisting of 12 Emergency Support Functions (ESFs) related to Communication, Search and Rescue, evacuation, law and order, medical response and Trauma Counseling, water supply, electricity, warning, bomb disposal, transport, etc. All of these emergency functions consist of emergency plans that would be activated at the time of emergency.
The ESFs document outlines the purpose, scope, organization setup and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for each function of operation that is to be followed by the respective ESF agencies when the Incident commander activates the response plan. Standard Operation Procedures (SOPs) provides a basic concept of the operations and responsibilities of Disaster Management Team, Nodal and Secondary agencies.
1. ESF Response Actions, Organisational Setup and Inter-relationships
The Response plan establishes an organized setup to conduct ESF operations for any of the Natural and Man-made Disasters. It outlines an implementing framework of sharing resources as per the requirement within National and State level department will be engaged to support during an emergency situation. The Response Plan has structured the response of all line department i.e. primary and supporting departments to be organized and function together with grouping capabilities, skills, resources, and authorities across the State and district Government with the ESF plan. The plan unifies the efforts of State Departments and supporting agencies to be involved in emergency management for a comprehensive effort to reduce the effects of any emergency or disaster within the state.
The ESF activates under the guidance of Incident Commander (Deputy Commissioner/ Additional District Magistrate) who is also a head of Incident Commander System (ICS). Under the ICS a team of 12 ESFs’ nodal officers works together also called as Disaster Management Team (DMT). The members of Disaster Management team will also head primary agency and simultaneously coordinate with the secondary agencies. Each of the primary and secondary agencies will also comprise of quick response team trained to carry out their functions at the response site. The success of ESF will be of critical importance and would reflect in the lives saved in the golden hour. Below a list of ESFs has been given which will be activated at the district level during emergency situation.
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ESFs TO BE ACTIVATED DURING A DISASTER in Jharkhand
ESFs Function Nodal Agency/ Officer
Supporting Agencies
ESF 1
Communication BSNL Private telecom service operators, mobile phone services operators
ESF 2
Evacuation Department of Home
Jharkhand Police Force, Delhi fire Service, Directorate of Health Service and Civil Defence etc
ESF 3
Search and Rescue Jharkhand Fire Service
Department of Home, Jharkhand Police, Civil Defence and Directorate of Health Services..
ESF 4
Law & order Department of Home
Jharkhand
ESF 5
Medical Response and Trauma Counseling
State Health Department
CATS, MCD, DGHS (Central Govt), Indian Red Cross, Civil Defence, Delhi Fire Servic
ESF 6
Water Supply Drinking water & supply department
MCs, CGWC, CWC, Irrigation and Flood Control.
ESF 7
Relief (Food and Shelter)
Department of Food and Civil Supplies
Department of Revenue, Urban Development, MCs, DWSD,
ESF 8
Equipment support, debris and road clearance
Department of Home
DWSD, Building department , MCs, Cant Board, Military Engineering Services
ESF 9
Help lines, warning dissemination
Department of Disaster Management
Department of Information and Publicity, BSNL, AIR, Doordarshan, UNI, Press Information Bureau, Press Trust of India, PTI
ESF 10
Electricity Secy. Power PTPC,DVC , NTPC JSEB
ESF 11
Transport Secy. Transport
JTDC, Eastern railways, MCs, Civil Aviation, DWSD and Civil Defence etc.
ESF 12
Bomb Disposal Jharkhand Police
Bomb Squad, Dog Squad, Anti-Terrorist Squad, NSG
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All ESFs have to assist the Incident Commander, i.e. Chief Secretary at state level and Deputy Commissioner (S) at District level as per their assigned duties described in the SOP’s. A detailed organisational setup of all ESFs and team leaders has been given below.
Organisational Set-up of the ESF at State Level
Incident Response System
SDMA/Chief Secretary / Secretary to Disaster Management
department/SECs Members
Disaster Management Team
Heads of Primary Agencies of all ESFs - Department of Disaster
Management - Department of Home - Department of Health - Department of Agriculture - Department of Irrigation & Flood
control - Department of Urban
development - Department of Building
construction - Department of Transport & Civil
aviation - Department of drinking water &
sanitation - Department of food and civil
supply - Department of Energy - Department of Road construction - Department of Finance - Municipal Corporation of Ranchi
& Dhanbad - Bomb Disposal Squad - BSNL
Primary Agencies
Secondary Agencies These are the agencies coordinates under various ESFs as per their secondary functions and abilities
Quick Response Teams Field workers at the time of any emergency and works according to their ESF functions They are members of primary and secondary agencies
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Organisational Set-up of the ESF at District Level
Incident Command System
Deputy Commissioner/ Additional District Magistrate
Disaster Management Team
Heads of Primary Agencies of all ESFs - Disaster management
department - Jharkhand Fire Services - BSNL - Jharkhand Police Service - District Health
Department - Department of drinking
water & sanitation Department of food and civil supply
- Municipal Corporation of Ranchi & Dhanbad
- Power/ Electricity Department
- Transport Department - NSG/Bomb Disposal
Squad
Primary Agencies
Secondary Agencies These are the agencies coordinates under various ESFs as per their secondary functions and abilities
Quick Response Teams Field workers at the time of any emergency and works according to their ESF functions They are members of primary and secondary agencies
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ESF – 1 - Communications Background: The communication ESF is primarily responsible for restoration
of communication facilities. The ESF on Communication should ensure the smooth flow of information that can cater to the outreach in a time-sensitive manner at state level in response efforts.
Situation Assumptions
• There would be a congestion in the network because of increased calls to control rooms due to panic created in the community.
• The initial reports on damage may not give a clear picture of the extent of damage to communication network.
• The affected site may cut off from the state control rooms and the officials on site and find difficulty in communicating to the District/State EOC.
Nodal agency at state level: BSNL
Suggested supporting agencies: NIC, JAP IT, JSAC, Revenue wireless, Ham
Operators, Private tele-communication service operators and mobile phone services operators.
SOPs for Nodal Agency:
• Team leader (TL) of Communication ESF will activate the ESF on receiving the intimation of occurrence of the disaster from the State EOC.
• TL will inform Nodal Officers (NOs) of support agencies about the event and ESF activation.
• TL will establishes contact with the district EOC for First Information Report
• TL will request for reports from local ESF contact persons (this would be the local office of ESF Nodal Agency) to understand the current situation and action taken
• Based on information given by the supporting agencies, TL decides on the need to launch an assessment mission to estimate the extent of damage to telecom services and network as well as to come up with possible arrangements to establishing reliable and appropriate network.
• TL communicates situation to supporting agencies and also requests to provide details on the status of equipment and infrastructure in the affected area(s).
• TL informs the Incident Commander on the status of telecom services.
• TL works out a plan of action for private telecom companies and convenes a meeting of all ESF members to discuss and finalise the modalities.
• TL issues orders to establish systems and reports to State and District EOCs on the action taken. New phone numbers and details of contact persons would also be communicated. If required mobile exchanges would be deployed.
• TL gets the temporary telephone facilities established for the public. Prior information on this would be announced through media
• HAM radio operators would be informed about the current requirements and coordination mechanisms shared.
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• TL monitors the situation and arranges emergency staff required to operate established systems.
• TL sends the District Quick Response (SQR) team at the affected site with the required equipments and other resources.
SOPs for Quick Response Team on Communication
• The QRT (Quick Response Team) members will reach to the nodal office as soon as they will get instructions from the TL.
• Once the QRTs receive any intimation from the nodal officer to reach at the site they would rush to the site.
• At the emergency site QRT members will take stock of the situation from the IC and would also know about their counter parts.
• QRTs will assess the ground situation and would send sectoral report to the State ESF agency. A sectoral report would contain following contents:
• An assessment of overall damage, listing specifically:
• Overhead route damage (in miles/kilometres).
• Cable damage (in yards/meters).
• Specific equipment damaged.
• Establish a temporary communication facility for use by the public
• Identify requirements of manpower, vehicles and other materials and equipments. Give priority and concentrate on repairs and normalization of communication system at disaster affected areas.
• Begin restoration by removing and salvaging wires and poles from the roadways with the help of casual labourers.
• Carry out temporary building repairs to establish a secured storage area for the s equipments and salvaged materials.
• Report all activities to head office
• Begin restoration by removing and salvaging wires and poles from the roadways through recruited casual labourers.
• Establish a secure storage area for incoming equipments and salvaged materials. ESF – 2 - Evacuation Background: The ESF on evacuation is primarily responsible for establishing
evacuation plans, identification of fastest evacuation routes and alternate routes and coordinating evacuation logistics during field operations.
Situation Assumptions
• Most of the buildings would be damaged and would not remain serviceable.
• Many structures would be damaged and there would be an urgent need to evacuate.
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Nodal agency at state level: Department of Home
Suggested supporting agencies: Jharkhand Police, Jharkhand Armed Police,
Jharkhand fire Service, Department of Health, Department of Transport and civil aviation, Department of urban development Civil Defence, NCC, Army etc
SOPs for Nodal Agency:
• Team leader (TL) of Evacuation ESF will activate the ESF on receiving the warning of the disaster from State EOC.
• TL will inform Nodal Officers (NOs) of supporting agencies about the event and ESF activation.
• TL will direct the QRTs to be deployed at the affected site.
• TL will gather information on availability of predefined evacuation routes.
• Where the predefined evacuation routes are not available, the nodal officer will co-ordinate through State EOC with other ESFs nodal officers and the support agencies about clearing of routes and identifying alternate routes.
SOPs for Quick Response Team on Evacuation
• The QRT members will reach the nodal office as soon as they get instructions to do so from the TL.
• Once the quick response teams receive an order from the nodal officer for reaching the site they would rush to the site.
• On reaching at the site the QRT members will take stock of the situation from the Incident Management Team at the site and their counter parts.
• The quick response teams with the help of local task forces will start evacuating peoples to safe shelters or open areas.
• The QRT members will concentrate more on evacuation in areas that have been worst affected by the disasters.
• Reporting about all the activities to head office ESF – 3 - Search and Rescue Background: Search and Rescue operations are one of the primary activities
taken up in a post disaster situation. The promptness in these operations can make a remarkable difference in the amount of loss of life and property. Situation Assumptions
• Local community task forces will initiate search and rescue at residential level
• Spontaneous volunteers will require coordination
• Access to affected areas will be limited.
• Some sites may be accessible only through air routes only Suggested Nodal Agency: Department of Home Support agency: Jharkhand Police, Jharkhand Armed Police, Jharkhand fire Service, Department of Health, Department of Transport and civil aviation, Department of urban development Civil Defence, NCC, Army etc
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SOPs for Nodal Agency
• IC will call the TL of Primary Agency and get the ESF activated.
• TL of primary agency will call nodal officers of supporting agencies.
• TL will activate the State Quick Response Team.
• Quick Assessment of the S& R operations through Aerial surveys
• Assessments of the specific skill sets and the other equipments required.
• Using IDRN network to check and map the availability of resources in and round the disaster site.
SOP for Quick Response Team on Search & Rescue
• Assessment of damage (locations, structures damaged, severity of damage)
• The QRTs will be deployed at the affected site.
• Enlisting the types of equipment required for conducting the S&R
• QRTs will report the situation and the progress in response activities to the respective EOCs. ESF – 4 - Law and Order Background: The ESF on Law and Order maintains the law and protects the
property and valuable commodities. It is mainly responsible to control crowd and avoid riots situations. Situation Assumptions
• There would be panic and people will gather at a place.
• The crowds may go out of control.
• Riots may also take place. State Nodal Agency: Department of Home Suggested Support Agencies: Jharkhand Armed Forces , Jharkhand Police ,
RAF , QRT , STF , Civil Defence and Home guards, Central Paramilitary Forces, Army etc
SOPs for Nodal Agency
• IC will call the TL of Primary Agency and get the ESF activated.
• TL of primary agency will call nodal officers of supporting agencies.
• TL will activate the State Quick Response Team.
• The QRTs will be deployed at the affected site.
• Cordoning of area to restrict movement of onlookers, vehicular and pedestrian traffic should be done.
• Any additional requirements at site will be taken care of.
SOP for Quick Response Team on Law and order
• Quick assessment of law and order situation in affected areas
• Support and coordinate with Local Administration
• Prepare updates on the law and order situation every 4-6 hours and brief the authorities
• Controlling situations like rioting and looting, and cordon off sensitive areas
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• QRTs will guide property and valuables in affected areas.
• Control and monitor traffic movement.
• QRTs will provide diversion of traffic on alternate routes as and when it is necessary.
• The QRTs will also provide information about traffic flow along various corridors, especially heavy traffic or congested roads.
• QRTs will communicate to police control rooms, details on the field activities including deployment and reinforcement of staff and resources and communicate nature of additional requirements. ESF – 5 - Medical Responses and Trauma Counseling Background: The ESF on Medical Response and Trauma Counseling will look
after emergency treatment for the injured people immediate after the disaster take place. Situation Assumptions
• Emergency Medical services will be required by affected population
• Likely outbreaks of epidemic diseases after the disaster.
•••• Hospital services would be affected Suggested Nodal Agency: State Health Department
Suggested Support Agencies: MCs, DGHS (Central Govt), Indian Red Cross,
Civil Defence, Jharkhand Police, Jharkhand Fire Service
SOPs for Nodal Agency
• IC will call the TL of Primary Agency and get the ESF activated.
• Team leader (TL) of primary agency will call nodal officers of supporting agencies.
• In coordination with the transportation ESF, it will ensure a critical number of medical professionals to be reached at the site including specialists from other states.
• If temporary housing arrangements are being made for the affected population, the ESF will ensure high standards of sanitation in settlements in order to reduce epidemic outbreak.
• Ensuring the provision and continuous supply of medical facilities (medicines, equipments, ambulances, doctors and manpower etc) required at the disaster affected site and the hospital health centers catering to disaster victims.
• In case of orthopedic care required in disasters like earthquakes the immediate response will be complimented by a follow up treatment schedule for a majority of the patients in/ near their place of residence.
• Trained professionals will be mobilized by psychosocial support.
• Ensuring setting up of temporary information centers at hospitals with the help of ESF through help lines and warning dissemination system.
• TL will coordinate, direct, and integrate state level response to provide medical and sanitation health assistances.
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• On the recommendations of the EOC, the TL will also be responsible to Send required medicines, vaccines, drugs, plasters, syringes, etc.; Arrange for additional blood supply. Send additional medical personnel equipped with food, bedding and tents etc.; and Send vehicles and any additional medical equipment.
SOP for Quick Response Team (QRT) on Medical Response and Trauma Counselling
• QRTs will provide situation and progress report s on the action taken by the team to the respective EOCs
• QRT’s will assess type of injuries, number of people affected and possible medical assistance needs
• QRTs will ensure timely response to the needs of the affected victims such as:
• Establishing health facility and treatment centers at disaster sites.
• Providing medical services as reported by the District Civil Surgeon with District Control Room.
• Procedures should be clarified in between: o Peripheral hospitals o Private hospitals o Blood banks o General hospitals and o Health services established at transit camps, relief camps and affected villages.
• QRTs will maintain check posts and surveillance at each railway junction, ST (full form) depots and all entry and exit points from the affected area, especially during the threat or existence of an epidemic. ESF- 6 - Water Supply
Background: The ESF on drinking water and water supply will ensure
provision of basic quantity of clean drinking water and water for other purposes in a manner that does not allow the spread of diseases through the contamination of water.
Situation Assumptions:
• Existing water storage bodies will be damaged and unusable.
• There would be an urgent need of water to assist victims in rescue operation.
• Break down of sanitation system.
• Contamination of water due to disaster
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State nodal agency: Drinking water and Sanitation department Support Agency: Municipal Corporation, Irrigation and Flood Control
SOPs for Nodal Agency
• Team leader (TL) of ESF on Water Supply will activate the ESF on receiving the intimation of the disaster from State EOC.
• TL will inform Nodal Officers (NOs) of support agencies about the event and ESF activation.
• TL will ensure special care for women with infants and pregnant women.
• Provide for sending additional support along with food, bedding, tents
• Send vehicles and any additional tools and equipments needed. SOP for Quick Response Team (QRT) on Water Supply
• QRTs will ensure that supply of drinking water is made available at the affected site and relief camps
• QRT’s will ensure the temporary sewerage lines and drainage lines are kept separate.
• QRTs will report the situation and the progress on action taken by the team to the EOC.
• QRTs will intimate their TL of the additional resources needed.
• Carry out emergency repairs of all damages to water supply systems.
• Assist health authorities to identify appropriate sources of potable water.
• Identify unacceptable water sources and take necessary precautions to ensure that no water is accessed from such sources, either by sealing such arrangements or by posting the department guards.
• Arrange for alternate water supply and storage in all transit camps, feeding centres, relief camps, cattle camps, and also the affected areas, till normal water supply is restored.
• Ensure that potable water supply is restored as per the standards and procedures laid down in “Standards for Potable Water”.
• Plan for emergency accommodations for staff from outside the area.
• QRTs will ensure timely response to the needs of the affected victims.
• QRTs will set up temporary sanitation facilities at the relief camps. ESF – 7 - Reliefs (Food and Shelter) Background: In the event of a disaster there would be a need of disbursing
relief materials due to massive destruction of life and property taken place. The ESF on Relief should ensure coordination of activities involving with the emergency provisions of temporary shelters, emergency mass feeding and bulk distribution of relief supplies to the disaster victims as also the disaster managers and relief workers.
Situation Assumptions
• Probability of shortage of a critical resources
• Immediate assistance to the community at the time of resource shortage particularly when affected area is larger.
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State Nodal Agency: Department of Food and Civil Supplies Support Agency: Department of Disaster Management, Urban Development,
Municipal Corporations, PWD, District Development Authority SOPs for nodal agency
• TL will activate the ESF on receiving the information of the disaster from State EOC.
• TL would inform Nodal Officers (NOs) of support agencies about the event and ESF activation.
• TL will coordinate with all state and district level suppliers as identified with under IDRN.
• TL will coordinate with other ESFs related to transportation, debris and road clearance to ensure quality supply chain management of relief materials.
• Ensuring composite relief with availability of complimentary relief material. SOP for Quick Response Team (QRT) on Relief
• QRTs will report to site of the relief camps
• QRTs will be responsible to manage and distribute relief items to the affected victims
• QRT’s will be responsible for reporting the progress on action taken by the team to the EOC.
• QRTs will provide information to their TL about the need of additional resources.
• Clearing of the areas to establish relief camps
• Setting up relief camps and tents using innovative methods that can save time
• Assist local authorities to set up important telecom and other service related facilities
• Initiate, direct and market procurement of food available from different inventories and reassuring food supplies to the affected population
• Preparing take-home food packets for the families
• Ensuring distribution of relief material to the all the people including vulnerable groups of the target area such as women with infants, pregnant women, children, aged people and handicapped.
• Ensuring support to Local Administration
• Locating adequate relief camps based on damage survey
• Develop alternative arrangements for population living in structures that might be affected even after the disaster
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ESF- 8 - Equipment support, Debris and Road clearance Background: The importance of this ESF emanates from the fact that most
large scale hazards such as earthquakes, cyclones, floods primarily affect the building structures. Situation Assumptions
• Access to disaster-affected area would depend upon the re-establishment of ground and water routes.
• Early damage assessment may be incomplete, inaccurate and general. A rapid assessment may be required to determine response time.
• Engineers and masons may be required in large scale for the inspection of present buildings State nodal agency: Urban development department Support Agencies: Public work department, Transport department, Water &
Supply department, Home department, Municipal corporation, Civil defense, Railway (central) SOPs for Nodal Agency:
• Team leader (TL) will activate the ESF on receiving the information of the disaster from State EOC.
• TL will inform Nodal Officers (NOs) of support agencies about the event and ESF activation.
• TL will coordinate with the supporting agency to mobilize equipments from the ware houses through IDRN database
• The respective supporting agencies will contact their respective personal to move the equipments to central warehouse
• The equipments like JCB, concrete cutters identified as per the need will be transported to the site.
• As per the information the nodal officer of Debris road clearance will make an assessment on of the damages of roads and built structures at the site and surrounding areas
• The nodal officers of Supporting Agencies will immediately start debris clearance operation to enable movement to the affected site.
• Review of the current situation is taken up by the nodal agency to update the support agencies and to delegate their respective personnel to take precautionary measure to plan de-routes for the transportation ESF’s to be operational
• All supporting agencies will inspect the road and rail network and structures within the disaster site and surrounding.
• TL will also ensure proper corpse disposal and post mortem by coordinating with ESF on medical response.
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SOP for Quick Response Team on Equipment support, debris and Road Clearance
• Damage assessment including locations, number of structures damaged and severity of damage
• The QRTs will be deployed at the affected site.
• Enlisting the types of equipment as compiled from IDRN resource inventory required for conducting the debris clearance
• The QRTs will report the situation/progress to the respective EOCs.
• Undertake construction of temporary roads to serve as access to temporary transit and relief camps, and medical facilities for disaster victims.
• Repairing of all paved and unpaved road surfaces including edge metalling, pothole patching and any failure of surface, foundations in the affected areas by maintenance engineer's staff and keep monitoring their conditions. ESF – 9 - Help Lines, Warning Dissemination Background: The ESF on help lines and warning dissemination should
process and circulate information about the welfare of citizens of affected area and managing the tremendous flow of information. The help lines will be responsible for providing, directing and coordinating logistical operations. Situation Assumptions
• There may be a flood of information and confusion about the injured population.
• The communication with affected area may be partially impaired. State nodal agency: Disaster Management Department Support Agencies: JAP IT , JSAC , IMD , BAU , Irrigation & Flood control , Agriculture department , Home department , NIC, AIR, Doordarshan, Press Information Bureau, Information and Public relation department , NGO Rep. SOPs for Nodal Agency:
• IC will call the TL of Primary Agency and get the ESF activated.
• TL of primary agency will call nodal officers of supporting agencies.
• TL would activate the State Quick response Team.
• The QRTs will be deployed at the affected site.
• QRTs will report the situation and the progress in response activities to the respective EOCs.
• Sending flash news of latest updates/donation requirements for disaster area all over the state
• Assisting the EOC in providing updated information to national as well as at the state level.
• Setting up of toll free numbers for emergency information assistance.
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SOP for Quick Response Team on Help Lines, Warning Dissemination
• The QRT members will reach to the nodal office as soon as they will get instructions.
• QRT teams will reach to the site immediately after receiving instructions from the nodal officer
• On the site QRT members will take stock of the situation from the IC at the site and their counter parts.
• The QRTs will coordinate, collect, process, report and display essential elements of information and facilitate support for planning efforts in response operations. ESF – 10 - Electricity Background: The ESF on electricity will facilitate restoration of electricity
distribution systems after a disaster. In the event of a disaster there would be major electricity failure and many power stations damaged. Situation assumptions
• Prolonged electricity failure.
• The affected victims may be panicked
• Halt of all activities specially jamming communication networking systems in the affected site. State nodal agency: Department of Energy Support Agencies: NTPC , PTC, DVC NHPC , Railway , HEC
SOPs for Nodal Agency:
• IC will call the TL of Primary Agency and get the ESF activated.
• TL of primary agency will call nodal officers of supporting agencies.
• TL will activate the State Quick response Team.
• The QRTs will be deployed at the affected site.
• TL will dispatch emergency repair teams equipped with tools, tents and food. SOP for Quick Response Team on Electricity
• The QRT members will reach the nodal office as soon as they get instructions to do so from the TL.
• QRT members will reach to the site immediately after receiving instructions from the nodal officer
• On the site QRT members will take stock of the situation from the IC at the site and their counter parts.
• The QRTs will coordinate, collect, process, report and display essential elements of information and facilitate support for planning efforts in response operations.
• Begin repairing and reconstruction work
• Assisting hospitals in establishing an emergency supply by assembling generators and other emergency equipments, if necessary.
• The members of QRTs will establish temporary electricity supplies for other key public and private water systems
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• The members of QRTs will establish temporary electricity supplies for transit camps, feeding centres, relief camps and SOC, District Control Room and on access roads to the same.
• The members of QRTs will establish temporary electricity supplies for relief material godowns.
• Compile an itemized assessment of damage, from reports made by various electrical receiving centers and sub-centers.
• Report about all the activities to the head office. ESF – 11 - Transport Background: The ESF on Transport should ensure smooth transportation
links at state and district level. Within the disaster context, quick and safe movement of material and humans are a priority. It should coordinate the use of transportation resources to support the needs of emergency support forces requiring transport capacity to perform their emergency response, recovery and assistance missions. Situation assumptions
• The state civil transportation infrastructure will sustain damage, limiting access to the disaster area.
• Access will improve as routes are cleared and repaired.
• The movement of relief supplies will create congestion in the transportation services. State nodal agency: State Department of Transport Support Agencies: Tourism department, Health department, Home
department JTDC, North-East Railways, Civil Aviation, PWD, MC and Civil Defence etc. SOPs for Nodal Agency:
• TL of Transportation ESF will activate the ESF on receiving the intimation of the disaster from State EOC.
• TL will inform Nodal Officers (NOs) of support agencies about the event and ESF activation.
• TL establishes contact with the district EOC for FIR
• TL requests for reports from local Transportation ESF contact person
• TL communicates situation to support agencies and requests for detailed information on the status of transportation infrastructure in the affected area(s). SOP for Quick Response Team on Transport
• The QRT members will reach to the nodal office as soon as they will get instructions to do so from the TL.
• As quick response teams will receive instructions from the nodal officer they would reach to the site immediately.
• QRTs will report the situation and the progress on action taken by the team to the respective EOCs
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• QRT will send a requirement schedule for the different modes of transportation eg. trucks, boats, helicopters to be put on stand-by.
• QRTs will ensure timely re-establishment of the critical transportation links.
• The members of QRTs will establish temporary electricity supplies for relief material go-downs.
• Compile an itemized assessment of damage, from reports made by various electrical receiving centres and sub-centres.
• Reporting about all activities to the head office. ESF – 12 – Bomb Disposal Background: The ESF on Bomb Disposal, identifies areas, detects explosives
and defuses in order to protect lives and properties. It is mainly responsible to dispose off the explosives and control terror situations. Situation Assumptions
• Spread terror among the people
• There would be panic
• Left out explosives may blast, if not checked and defused timely State Nodal Agency: State Home department Suggested Support Agencies: Bomb Squad, Dog Squad, Anti-Terrorist Squad,
STF , QRT , Para Military forces , ARMY, NSG, etc
SOPs for Nodal Agency
• IC will call the TL of Primary Agency and get the ESF activated.
• TL of primary agency will call nodal officers of supporting agencies.
• TL will activate the State Quick Response Team.
• The QRTs will be deployed at the affected site.
• QRTs will take position in case of ‘terrorists’ in the area
• QRTs will search for explosives and defuse it
• Any additional requirements at site
SOP for Quick Response Team on Law and order
• Quick assessment of law and order situation in affected areas
• Support and coordinate with Local Administration
• The QRTs will take samples for testing and ascertaining the material contents
• QRTs will communicate to police control rooms, details on the field activities including deployment and reinforcement of staff and resources and communicate nature of additional requirements.
• Any addiditional duties required at the site by the IC.
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SOPs for Community Task Forces
Task Force Group
Primary Secondary
Search and Rescue
To trace and locate people who are physically trapped and distressed, people in the buildings and houses etc. To move out these people to the safe locations identified in advance and to organize further care
Administering primary health care to rescued victims Assisting the sanitation group in carcass disposal and the cremation of dead bodies Coordination with the evacuation team to shift rescued persons to safe shelters in case of recurring heavy rains
First Aid and Health
To provide primary health care to the ill or injured until more advanced care is provided and the patient is transported to a hospital
Assisting the sanitation team to inoculate against water borne and other diseases Assisting the communication team to disseminate precautionary information on post-disaster health hazards and remedies
Water Restoring and maintaining the water supply and minimum quality and quantity parameters
Assisting the sanitation team in ensure that there is enough water stored in buckets at latrines and for bathing Assisting the sanitation team in deciding the location for the construction of latrines away from ground water sources Assisting the shelter group to ensure that there is sufficient water stored in the water tank in the safe shelter
Sanitation To ensure that the minimum basic facilities such as temporary toilets and common bathing units are constructed near the relief camp, that these facilities and the surroundings are kept clean, garbage disposed,
Assisting the shelter team to ensure that water spouts and water harvesting tanks at the safe shelter are clean and functional Assisting the relief group to ensure that containers for storing water are clean, narrow necked and
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dead bodies cremated and that normal drainage systems function smoothly
covered
Relief Coordination
To establishing contact with the District Control Room and organising the distribution of assistance in terms of food, water, medicines and so on, in a fair and equitable manner
Co-ordinating with the shelter group in the distribution of material for the construction of temporary shelters Assisting the shelter group to ensure that the safe shelter is well stocked in terms of dry food, water and so on in order to cater for the needs of evacuees after a cyclone or flood warning has been issued
Warning and communication
To ensure that: (a) the warning of the impending disaster reaches every single household, thereby allowing people to take timely action to protect their lives and property (b) accurate information is provided regularly as events unfold (c) information flows quickly and reliably upwards to District level and downwards from District level to Community / Neighbourhood / Village level.
Assisting the relief group in disseminating information about the quantity and type of ration to be distributed for each distribution cycle Assisting the sanitation group in raising awareness about water borne diseases and vaccination programs
Evacuation and Temporary Shelter Management
To construct/identify maintain and make repairs to the flood shelter, to evacuate people on receipt of a warning and to make all the necessary arrangements to accommodate evacuees during a flood.
Assisting the communities in accessing compensation Assisting the relief group in stocking up dry food, medicines, water and temporary shelter materials Assisting the sanitation group in the construction of latrines, soak pits and drainage channels
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Chapter VIII: OFFENCES AND PENALTIES 1. Civil and Criminal Liabilities
The Jharkhand State Disaster Management Plan re-affirms the provisions in the Disaster Management Act, 2005 and will strictly follow all the Civil and Criminal liabilities pertaining to the Sections 51 to 60 in the Disaster Management Act, 2005 that imposes punishments to persons for contravening the provisions of the Act such as obstructing or abandoning, refusing to comply with any of the provisions of this Act, making false claims, mis-appropriation of money or materials or rumours or false warning, etc. The punishment in such cases could be imprisonment or fine or both. 2. Legal Provisions in the Act on OFFENCES AND PENALTIES Whoever, without reasonable cause (a) obstructs any officer or employee of the
Central Government or the State Government, or a person authorised by the National Authority or State Authority or District Authority in the discharge of his functions under this Act; or (b) refuses to comply with any direction given
by or on behalf of the Central Government or the State Government or the National Executive Committee or the State Executive Committee or the District Authority under this Act, shall on conviction be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with fine, or with both, and if such obstruction or refusal to comply with directions results in loss of lives or imminent danger thereof, shall on conviction be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years. Whoever knowingly makes a claim which he knows or has reason to believe to be false for obtaining any relief, assistance, repair, reconstruction or other benefits consequent to disaster from any officer of the Central Government, the State Government, the National Authority, the State Authority or the District Authority, shall, on conviction be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, and also with fine. Whoever, being entrusted with any money or materials, or otherwise being, in custody of, or dominion over, any money or goods, meant for providing relief in any threatening disaster situation or disaster, misappropriates or appropriates for his own use or disposes of such money or materials or any part thereof or wilfully compels any other person so to do, shall on conviction be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, and also with fine. Whoever makes or circulates a false alarm or warning as to disaster or its severity or magnitude, leading to panic, shall on conviction, be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to one year or with fine. (1) Where an offence under this Act has been committed by any Department of
the Government, the head of the Department shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished
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accordingly unless he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or that he exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of such offence. (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where an offence
under this Act has been committed by a Department of the Government and it is proved that the offence has been committed with the consent or connivance of, or is attributable to any neglect on the part of, any officer, other than the head of the Department, such officer shall be deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. Any officer, on whom any duty has been imposed by or under this Act and who ceases or refuses to perform or withdraws himself from the duties of his office shall, unless he has obtained the express written permission of his official superior or has other lawful excuse for so doing, be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with fine. If any person contravenes any order made under section 65 of the Disaster Management Act, 2005, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with fine or with both. (1) Where an offence under this Act has been committed by a company or body
corporate, every person who at the time the offence was committed, was in charge of, and was responsible to, the company, for the conduct of the business of the company, as well as the company, shall be deemed to be guilty of the contravention and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly: Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall render any such person liable to any punishment provided in this Act, if he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or that he exercised due diligence to prevent the commission of such offence. (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where an offence under this Act has
been committed by a company, and it is proved that the offence was committed with the consent or connivance of or is attributable to any neglect on the part of any director, manager, secretary or other officer of the company, such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall also, be deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. Explanation.—For the purpose of this section — (a) "company"
means any body corporate and includes a firm or other association of individuals; and (b) "director", in relation to a firm, means a partner in the firm. No prosecution for offences punishable under sections 55 and 56 shall be instituted except with the previous sanction of the Central Government or the State Government, as the case may be, or of any officer authorised in this behalf, by general or special order, by such Government. No court shall take cognizance of an offence under this Act except on a complaint made by — (a) the National Authority, the State Authority, the Central Government, the State Government, the District Authority or any other authority or officer authorised in this behalf by that Authority or Government,
95
as the case may be; or (b) any person who has given notice of not less than thirty days in the manner prescribed, of the alleged offence and his intention to make a complaint to the National Authority, the State Authority, the Central Government, the State Government, the District Authority or any other authority or officer authorised as aforesaid.”.
CHAPTER IX: MONITORING AND EVALUATION 1. Preparation and Updation of Disaster Management Plan
The organizational structure suggested in the present Disaster Management Plan (DM Plan), will be based on following three concepts:
• Plans will work only in the case when present organizational structure is responsible to its non-emergency duties i.e. if a job is done well everyday; it is best done by that organization during emergency.
• Crisis should be met at the lowest and most immediate level of government. Plans call for local response supplemented if necessary, by the next higher jurisdiction.
• Voluntary response and involvement of the private sector should be sought and emphasized. The emergency management partnership is important to all phases of natural and man-made disasters.
• The Disaster Management Plan of the State shall be a public document. The DM Plan is the sum and substance of all the Horizontal and Vertical disaster management plans in the state. Horizontal plans include plans prepared by line departments such as Home, Food & Civil supplies, Agriculture, Health, Drinking water & sanitation, urban development, Building construction and rural development department along with Fire Service, Municipal Corporation, District development authority, Civil Defence and other line departments and the Vertical plans include District plans , Departmental plans , Industry specific plans, Urban local body plan , Hospital plan , Special group plan etc.
• Preparation of the DM Plan was and is the responsibility of the State Disaster Management Authority of the state. The first draft plan has been prepared and further scope of rectification and updation is necessitated.
• After each updation of the DM Plan, a version number shall be given serially. Copy of the updated document shall be circulated to each stakeholder of disaster management in the state. 2. Regular Updation of Jharkhand State Disaster Management Plan
The DM Plan will be regularly updated until the time. Data and information will be regularly collected and updated at the State and District Emergency Operations Centre (EOC). All the collected data will be duly be verified and uploaded by the EOC in-charge, under the supervision of CEO, SDMA.
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3. Post Disaster Evaluation Mechanism Disasters are always unexpected. Each disaster causes huge loss of human lives and property. And every disaster repeats after a particular interval. Also lessons learnt from a particular disaster will help to plan for another potential hazard. In case of a disaster, the Chairman, SDMA, shall make special arrangements to collect all concerned data on that particular disaster, irrespective of size and vulnerability. This post disaster evaluation mechanism shall be set up with qualified professions, experts and researchers and the collected data shall be thoroughly crosschecked and documented in the Sate & District EOC for further reference. This document shall be prepared with proper attention, keeping in view of the Mitigation , Preparedness , Response , Recovery & Rehabilitation measures. 4. Co-ordination with Various Agencies The initial response to a disaster is usually provided by the emergency services supported by local authority, but many agencies can become involved. The emergency services will maintain a state of readiness so as to provide a rapid response and alert local authorities and other services at the earliest. All organizations that need to respond quickly to a disaster will have all arrangements that can be activated at a very short notice. These arrangements shall be clearly established and promulgated. Although involvement of different emergency services like Police, Fire Brigade and Hospital services is inevitable, some other Public Utility Services, such as local bodies, Railways, Air lines, etc., have to be involved also in most cases for dealing with the situation effectively. All such agencies are very different organizations, with different hierarchies and chains of command and responsibility, all taking different languages with different areas of expertise and priorities. If rescue and recovery work is to be effective, all these different agencies have to work together in a co-ordinated way. All these agencies, therefore, have to be aware of each other’s areas of responsibility and systems of working. Comprehensive discussion and agreement among these agencies in the planning stage and communications of these decisions to lower level functionaries, and of course their capacity enhancement, is of utmost importance. This would not only enable them to know about who is responsible for what, but also make them aware of their own roles and responsibility and can appreciate the need for Multi-Service Involvement in such a situation, avoiding duplication.
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5. Conclusion
Disaster Management Plan, provides an institutional mechanism for a quick and co-ordinated response for preventing disasters and also for initiating appropriate response activities in case of an event of a disaster. The Nodal Officers/Link Officers of different resource organizations are expected to initiate action on their own, as per their SOPs, in the event of a disaster or a threat of a disaster. But, they are certainly expected to keep the Dy. Commissioner (S) and EOCs informed of the action being taken by them and act promptly as per the directions from the higher authority.
In a disaster situation, a quick rescue and relief mission is essential. However, the ensuing damage can be minimized to a considerable extent if adequate preparedness levels are achieved. Indeed, it has been noticed in the past, that as and when attention has been paid to adequate preparedness measures, the loss to life and property has been considerably reduced. Thus, Jharkhand will organize series of awareness campaigns and skill trainings at all levels, as in the past, and will ensure a “Disaster resilient Jharkhand”.
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Chapter -X Proposed Incidence Response System for the state
Information on the Incidence Response Officer at State & District Level
S.No. Nodal Agency/Organ
ization
Designation Name Contact Detail
1 State Disaster Management Authority
1.1 Chairperson Shri Arjun Munda (Chief Minister)
Tel:- 0651-2400233(O) 0651-2440300(O)
0651-2280996(R) 0651-228O886(R)
Fax:- 0651- 2440061(O) 0651- 2280787( R )
1.2 Vice President
Shri Gopal Krishna Patar
(Minister in charge Disaster Management
Department)
0651-2407003(O) 0651-2405605( R)
9308106161 9470367047
1.3 Member
Shri Arjun Munda (Chief Minister) Home Affairs Department
Tel:- 0651-2400233(O)
0651-2440300(O) 0651-2280996(R)
0651-228O886(R) Fax:- 0651- 2440061(O)
0651- 2280787( R )
1.4 Member Shri Hemant Soren
(Minister in charge – Finance)
0651-2401957(O) 0651-2401959 (R ) 9431100079
1.5 Member Shri Hemlal Murmu
(Minister in charge – Department of Health ,Eduycation, Family
Welfare)
0651-2491887 0651-2480262 9431134157
1.6 Member Shri Satyanand Jha “Batul”
(Minister in charge – Agriculture and
Sugarcane development department)
Tel:- 0651-2490518(O) Fax:- 0651-2491392 9430168229
1.7 Member Shri Sudesh Mahto 0651-2400237 (O)
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(Minister in charge – Water resources)
0651-2282200( R ) 9431107395
1.8 Member Shri Arjun Munda (Minister in charge – Road construction)
Tel:-
0651-2400233(O) 0651-2440300(O)
0651-2280996(R) 0651-228O886(R) Fax:-
0651- 2440061(O) 0651- 2280787( R )
1.9 Chief Operating Officer
Shri S.K.Choudhry (Chief Secretary)
0651-2400240(O) 0651-2400225(O) 0651-2480575 ( R )
0651-2400255(Fax)
2 State Executive Committee
2.1 Chairperson Shri S.K.Choudhry (Chief Secretary)
0651-2400240(O) 0651-2400225(O)
0651-2480575 ( R ) 0651-2400255(Fax)
2.2 Member Shri A.K. Sarkar Principal Secretary to
Health department
0651-2400220(0)
0651-2442003( R ) 0651-2400230(Fax) 9431171117
2.3 Member Shri J.B.Tubit Principal Secretary to
Home department
0651-2491033(O) 0651-2360581(R) 0651-2490314(Fax)
9835150819
2.4 Member Shri Sukhdeo Singh Secretary to Finance
department
0651-2408888(O) 0651-2361555( R )
0651-2400861(Fax) 9431104455
2.5 Member Secretary
Dr. (Smt.) M.N. Kerketta
Secretary to Disaster Management Department
0651-2400218(0) 0651-2400231( R ) 9470521008
3 Emergency support Functions department of Govt. of Jharkhand
3.1 Department of
Information and Public
relation
Principal Secretary 0651-2281522 0651-2440034 0651-22836752(Fax) 9431103154
3.2 Department of IT
Secretary 0651-2400001 0651-2411602 9431707840
3.3 Director general of police 0651-2490548 0651-2400737 0651-2282741 9771400453
3.4 DIG Wireless 0651-2218400 9470590555
3.5 DIG Railway 0651-2490548 0651-2442811
100
9431115895
3.6 Director General Home guard 0651-2490620 0651-2360216 0651-2990608 9431707077
3.7 JAP ADG 9431103333
3.8 JAP IG 0651-2491551 0651-2490112 9431707006
3.9 Air Traffic Controller
Asst. Air Traffic Controller
0651-6450327 0651-6451354 0651-2250435 0651-2941301 9431106570 9431708780
3.3 State Emergency Operation Center- Toll Free Nos. 0651-1070
3.4 District Emergency Operation Center – Toll Free Nos. City code -1077
4. State Disaster Control Room 0651-2403923
5. Civil Defence Commissioner Shri Nand Kishore 0651-2401718(O) 0651-23361053( R ) 9661468653
6. State Project Steering Committee – GOI-UNDP DRR & URR Project
6.1 Chairperson Dr. (Smt.) M.N.Kerketta Secretary to
Disaster Management Department
0651-2400218(0) 0651-2400231( R ) 9470521008
6.2 Member Shri R.S.Poddar Principal Secretary
Water resource development
0651-2491056(O) 0651-2491588(Fax) 9431104676
6.3 Member Shri P.K. Jajoria Principal Secretary
Urban development department
0651-2400955(O) 0651-2253196( R ) 9934306720
6.4 Member Shri B.K.Tripathi Principal Secretary
Building construction department
0651-2400735(O) 0651-2361071( R ) 0651-2400796 (F) 9934306720
6.5 Member Shri Sudhir Prasad Principal Secretary Drinking water &
sanitation department
0651-2491410(O) 0651-2253196(R) 0651-2491069(Fax)
9934316817
6.6 Member Shri A.K.Singh 0651-2490578(O)
101
Secretary Agriculture &
Sugarcane development department
0651-2233973® 9431158012
6.7 Member Shri S.B.Ram Joint Secretary
Disaster Management Department
0651-2403923(O) 0651-2400231(F) 9472747193
6.8 Member Shri A.M. Thakur Deputy Secretary
Disaster Management Department
0651-2403923(O) 0651-2563004( R ) 0651-2400231(F) 9431147124
6.9 Member Secretary
Shri Nitish Kumar Sinha
State Project Officer
GOI-UNDP DRR& URR Program
0651-2403923(O) 0651-2400231(F) 9386807767
8. Department
of Mining and Geology
Secretary
Director (Geology)
Director (Mines)
0651-2490170 0651-2490641(Fax) 0651-2400791 0651-2491041(Fax) 0651-2490235 0651-2491041(Fax)
8.1 Department of Industries
Secretary
Special Secretary
0651-2490170 0651-2490641(Fax) 0651-2491305 0651-2491858(Fax)
9. State Emergency Services
9.1 State Fire Brigrade Officer 0651-2491668(O) 0651-2490401(R ) 9431104440
9.2 Toll free emergency no. for Fire brigade 101
9.3 Fire Station Adre House 0651-2283825
9.4 Fire station – Doranda 0651- 2490706
9.5 Fire station Dhurwa 0651-2409343
9.6 Fire station , Piska more 0651-2511214
9.10 Fire station Doranda 0651-2490706
10 Specialist Agencies
10.1 JSAC 0651-2401719
10.2 IMD 0651-2253879(O)
102
0651-2251998( R ) 0651-2501572 (F) 9470370293
10.3 BIT Mesra Vice
chancellor
0651-2275402 0651-2275444 0651-2275596 0651-2275401(Fax)
10.4 MECON
10.5 Birsa Agricultural University
(BAU
0651-2450500 0651-2450866 9431118655
10.6 Director R&D (BAU)
0651-2450610 0651-2450217 0651-2451011(Fax) 9431958566
10.7 ISM Dhanbad Director
0326-2296559/60/61/62 0326-2296563
10.8 ATI Director General
Asst. Professors Disaster
Management
0651-2283804 0651-2444758 0651-2283806(Fax) 9431102860 9471158889 9835598500
10.9 JAP IT CEO 0651-2401044 9934111171
11 Super speciality Health Centers
11.1 Dr. Tulsi Mahto RIIMS
Director RIIMS 0651-2541533 0651-2547801 9835176541
11.2 Dr.(Prof.) Manoj Rai
Superintendent RIIMS 0651-2542700 0651-2561466 9234300424
11.3 RIIMS Blood bank 0651-2541533 0651-2541228
11.4 RIIMS Ambulances 0651-2541533 0651-2541228
11.5 Indian Red cross Society 0651-2309290 0651-2308587
11.6 Birsa blood bank 0651-2542437
12 Akashvani Director
Asst. Director
0651-2283311 0651-2281057(Fax) 0651-2283311
103
0651-2281057(Fax) 9431101232
13 Doordarshan Director
Station Engineer
0651-2284969 9431100941 0651-2280261 0651-2282635 9431118710
14 BSNL CGM
GM (Mobile & Admn.)
0651-2211100 0651-2211200 0651-2211500(Fax) 0651-2205000 0651-2209100 0651-2204000(Fax)
15 NIC State Information Officer (SIO)
0651-2490651 0651-2400746 0651-2340284 0651-401075(Fax) 9470193075
16 Jharkhand space
application center
Director 0651-2401719 0651-2401720(Fax) 9431114145
17 Jharkhand state housing
board
MD 0651-2241929 0651-22562321 9431169700
18 Jharkhand tourism
development corporation
(JTDC)
MD 0651-2331828 0651-2331643 0651-2481236 9431174214
19 State Information Commissioner
20 Ranchi District Disaster Management Authority
20.1 Chairperson Shri K.K. Sone Deputy
Commissioner ,Ranchi District
0651-2208151 0651-2360105 0651-2360120(Fax)
21.1 Member DDC 0651-2201076 0651-2217936 9431101562
21.2 Member SP 0651-2200237 0651-2360192 0651-2361127(Fax)
21.3 Chief Operating Officer
Additional Collector 0651-2207772 0651-2547255 9431170128
21.4 CS 0651-22131382
104
9431163796
22 Ranchi Municipal
corporation
Mayor
CEO
0651-2204736 0651-2253144 9431115814 0651-2203469 0651-2332033 0651-2211777(Fax)
23 Ranchi University
Vice Chancellor
Pro.VC
0651-2205177 0651-2330674 0651-2214077(Fax) 9431108830 0651-2207986 9431108830
24 District Region
Development Authority
President
Vice President
0651-2203662 9431706722 0651-220134
