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Jim, Tyler and Matt
Adult Bones
Adult humans have 206 bonesAccounts for ~12-15% of body mass
Some areas have a higher concentration of bones than others:54 bones in wrists, palms and fingers52 bones in ankles and toes14 facial bones1 throat bone (hyoid)
More than half the bones of the body are in the hands and feet
Adult Bones
Found throughout bodyWithin softer bodily tissues
Variety of sizes, shapes and functionsInner ear bones vs. femur
Provides framework of body 2 divisions of bone
Axial skeletonAppendicular skeleton
Axial Skeleton
80 bones
Skull Vertebral column Ribs
Maintains upright posture of human body
Protects vital organs
Appendicular Skeleton 126 bones
Shoulder girdles Upper limbs Pelvic girdle Lower limbs
Makes movement possible
Protects major organs of digestion, excretion and reproduction
Types of Bone
Long bonesLength>diameter
Short bonesLength similar to width,
depth and diameter
Flat bones Irregular bones
Complicated shapes
Sesamoid bones
Movement of the Body
Bones and muscles work together to allow the body to move
Various shapes and sizes of bone create different movement
JointsWhere 2 or more bones come together
Joints of the Body Pivot
Rotation Ball and Socket
Almost all planes Hinge
Flexion and extension Ellipsoid
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction
Saddle Flexion, extension, adduction,
abduction and circumduction Gliding
Structure of Bone
Consists of two main componentsOrganic- produced as a result of the bodyInorganic- “bone mineral”
The combination creates both the strength and flexibility of bone
Organic Component of Bone
Primarily collagenProteinTriple helix= tensile strengthAbout 90-95% of organic component
Other 5-10% is a homogenous liquid called ground substanceMixture of water and proteinsSimilar to an extracellular matrix, but for the
fibers
Inorganic Component of Bone
Primarily formed from salts of calcium and phosphateMajor salt is hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2)
Other trace mineralsMagnesiumSodiumPotassiumCarbonate
Provides compressional strength of bone
Chemical Composition of Bone
The exact percentages depend on a variety of factors:Age, gender, ethnicity, health status and bone site