JJ, Summer Event, 21July 20091

ITER pathway:ITER pathway:Any use to you?Any use to you?

ITER

J Jacquinot, Barcelona, 18 Sept. 09J Jacquinot, Barcelona, 18 Sept. 09

Synopsis

• What is ITER?What is ITER?

• History – Key milestonesHistory – Key milestones

• Key points for obtaining project approvalKey points for obtaining project approval

• Pro’s and Con’s of the international pathwayPro’s and Con’s of the international pathway

JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 20092

NB: Astronomy has a considerable experience in joint programmes. In fact, there is much more to learn from you…

What is ITER?• Demonstrate fusion Demonstrate fusion 500 MW, Q=10 500 MW, Q=10

• Size threshold beyond the capability of a single organisation

• Requires the construction of a large instrument:Requires the construction of a large instrument:– Construction: 500 M€ for 10 years

– Operation: for 20 years

• Challenges:Challenges:– Scientific burning plasma

– Broad range of technologies Supra, materials, mechanical, measurements etc.

– Organisational

• Independent ITER Organisation as UNESCO, UN

• In-kind procurements via domestic agencies

• 7 full partners, 35 countries7 full partners, 35 countries– EU (host), China, India, Korea (south), Japan, Russia, USA

– Site: Cadarache, France big deal!

– IO ratified by Treaty (end 2006)

JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 20093

JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 20094

Size: 2 x JET

Power: 500 MW

Power Gain : 10

- demonstrate D/T burning

- Tritium breeding blanket

- Flexibility optimize DEMO parameters

ITERITER

Homo sapiens sapiens

1990 2006 2015 2035Engineering Construction Exploitation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

R (m)

JET

ITER

TS

JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 20095

ITER: major phasesITER: major phases

1985-86 JET/TFTR results then proposal in summits:

Gorbatchev-Mitterand-Reagan-Tanaka.

1988-90 Conceptual design under IAEA: Europe, Japan, URSS, USA.

1992-2001 Detailed engineering design and prototyping:

Objectives : 1.5 GW - 1000 s, then 0.5 GW - 400 s / CW

R&D investments ~ 800 millions Euros.

USA withdraws in 1998 then back in 2003!

From 2002 : Negotiations : Russia, Japan, European Union, (Canada) then, since 2003, USA, China , South Korea

Statutes, organisation, funding and site selectionBroader approach by EU and Japan (ITER, materials, physics progr.)

From 2006 : Organisations on 3 levels :International – partners - FrenchIndia becomes a full memberIndia becomes a full member

24 October 2007 : Treaty signed by all partiesIO starts IO starts Today 450 people on site Today 450 people on site

JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 20096

13 % 13 % 10 % 10 %10 % 10 %34 %

Construction / 10 years / 4,7 G€

ITER: Sharing costs

9 % 9 % 9 % 9 % 9 %46 %

Local authorities

(~10%)Euratom (~6%)

State/CEA (~4%)

Euratom

Operation & dismantling/ 20 years / 5,7 G€

9 %

Note: no partner holds an absolute majority

Jean Jacquinot,, Cité du Livre 28 mai 20097

Supply in kind

Each domestic agency supplies part of the machine ‘In kind’Each domestic agency supplies part of the machine ‘In kind’

90% of the machine is obtained this way90% of the machine is obtained this way

Key points (1)

• A visionary objective and a successful scientific A visionary objective and a successful scientific precedentprecedent

– Preferably at the international level (for ITER: JET

• Project backed by the entire scientific communityProject backed by the entire scientific community– Established networks (for ITER: IAEA, IEA, Euratom)– Preparations by a design team under a legal umbrella (for ITER: IAEA)

• Periodic reviews (~ 2 per year)– Then construction/operation by an independent legal entity– Built in flexibility for novel ideas

• Opportunistic steering committeeOpportunistic steering committee– Grab windows of opportunities (they are short lived!)– Steady progress. Never risk a NO may require many small steps

JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 20098

Key points (2)

• Win-Win agreementWin-Win agreement– Fair return on each partner’s investment (for ITER: In-kind proc.)– Compensation if required (for ITER: EU/Japan broader approach)– Intellectual property rights (A lawyer’s delight, a nightmare for

you!, problem of underlying technology)

• FinancingFinancing– Consider financing input by local authorities– NO pinching budget at the expense of other scientific endeavours!– Note: total resources for the field should increase after approval

Synergistic effect (for EU fusion budget doubled!)

Pitfalls

• Long, long process!Long, long process!

• Political choices of IO managementPolitical choices of IO management– Instability (avoided if treaty based)

– Often inadequate

• Multiplication of interfacesMultiplication of interfaces– Technical risks

– Cost and delay overrun

• Draw experience from precedentsDraw experience from precedents– Yours…

– ITER, JET, ATLAS experiment in CERN

– A380 (?)

JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 200910

JJ, Summer Event, 21July 200911

Euratom - TEKES (1995)Finland (incl. Estonia)

Euratom - DCU (1996) Ireland

Euratom - ÖAW (1996)Austria

Eur - Hellenic Rep (1999) Greece (incl. Cyprus)

Euratom - IPP.CR (1999)Czech Rep.

Euratom - HAS (1999)Hungary

Euratom – MEdC (1999) Romania

Euratom – Univ. Latvia Latvia (2002)

Euratom - IPPLM (2005)Poland

Euratom - MHEST (2005)Slovenia

Euratom – CU (2007)Slovakia

Euratom – INRNE (2007)Bulgaria

Euratom – LEI (2007)Lithuania

Euratom - CEA (1958)France

Euratom – ENEA (1960)Italy (incl. Malta)

Euratom - IPP (1961)Germany

Euratom - FOM (1962)The Netherlands

Euratom - FZJ (1962)Germany

Euratom - Belgian State Belgium (1969)(incl. Luxembourg)

Euratom - RISØ (1973)Denmark

Euratom – UKAEA (1973)United Kingdom

Euratom - VR (1976)Sweden

Euratom - Conf. SuisseSwitzerland (1979)

Euratom - FZK (1982)Germany

Euratom –CIEMAT (1986) Spain

Euratom – IST (1990)Portugal

Euratom Fusion Associations (26)Joint construction of JET (1978)Joint construction of JET (1978)

JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 200912 12

JT60-SA

IFERC

IFMIF-EVEDA

ITER B.A.

ITER and the broader approach UE/Japan

~5 billions € ~0,68 billions €

47%

31%

22%

JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 200913

In summaryIn summary

Be prepared for a long road with ups and downs

Vision - Network – WinWin (fair return) – Visibility – Spin off Organisation: may be very complex

Scientifically: stimulating and efficient Would do it again!