JJC 2008 H2 Chem - Stoichiometry

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  • 8/7/2019 JJC 2008 H2 Chem - Stoichiometry

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    OWYFKB OWKHFY DFMMGBGJ9 DJGEHT^YXA^FET- EFMGDWMGT , T^FHDJHFEG^YX *933: Og 1(

    Dfk~gk~1 Ygma~h|g eattgt fl a~fet akn efmgdwmgt9 ^jg efmg- ~jg A|fbanyf dfkt~ak~4 Damdwma~hfk fl geshyhdam akn efmgdwmay lfyewmag> Damdwma~hfk fk ygad~hfkt7 \fmweg~yhd AkamXtht

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    1 Ygma~h|g Eattgt fl A~fet akn EfmgdwmgtDaknhna~gt tjfwmn ig aimg ~f?*a( nglhkg ~jg ~gyet ygma~h|g a~fehd- htf~fshd- efmgdwmay akn lfyewma eattgt- iatgn fk ~jg 19D tdamg*d( damdwma~g ~jg ygma~h|g a~fehd eatt fl ak gmgegk~ bh|gk ~jg ygma~h|g aiwknakdgt fl mlt ydflfsgt

    A~fet ayg ~ff teamm ~f ig rghbjgn nhygd~mx akn h~ ht hkdfk|gkhgk~ ~f gzsygtt eattgt fl a~fet hk~gyet fl `b Hkt~gan djgeht~t dfesayg ~jg eattgt fl a~fet rh~j ~jg eatt fl a t~aknayna~fe? ~jg Dayifk%19 a~fe *mWsAD Abyggegk~ 188 882

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    ^jg Ef~g- ~jg

    % % % ) ? g dfktht~t fl ~rf htf~fsgt ka~wyammx- 4tD& akn ~~d& ^jg ygma~h|g aiwknakdg %? 0 d akn 97' ygtsgd~h|gmx Damdwma~g ~jg ygma~h|g a~fehd eatt fl djmfyhkg)Oh HMHG %

    Gq 19 ^jg ygma~h|g a~fehd eatt fl dfssgy ht Damdwma~g ~jg ygma~h|g aiwknakdg flh~t ~rf htf~fsgt- Ygma~h|g Lfyewma Eatt? *Txeifm? E-- Kf wkh~t(Ya~hf fl ~jg a|gyabg eatt fl fkg lfyewma wkh~ fl ak hfkhd dVfqys%f%wkn dfesaygn ~f 1119 f~~jg eatt fl a 19D a~fe E- 5 Z *A" fl amm a~fet sygtgk~ hk fkg lfyewma wkh~( Gq 1>? Ygma~h|g lfyewma eatt fl EbD&- 5 % H

    9 ^jg Efmg- ~jg A|fbanyf dfkt~ak~Daknhna~gt tjfwmn ig aimg ~f? *i( nglhkg ~jg ~gye efmg hk ~gyet fl ~jg A|fbanyf dfkt~ak~

    h"%m0"" h%" 0"?1" m 0%) )}~] 1"A efmg fl akx twit~akdg ht ~jg aefw>~ fl ~ja~ twit~akdg rjhdj dfk~ahkt A|fbanyf"tkweigy fl say~hdmgt *hg

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    dfkt~ak~? Efmay EattGq 91? Damdwma~g ~jg dfyygtsfknhkb kweigy fl efmg fl say~hdmgt akn kweigy fl say~hdmgt

    Kf fl efmgt Kf fl say~hdhgt %H*a( 3433 efm Jg a~fet " "%m5 H "] H m Hy Jba~fy%?*i( "}-%!" ~ "" !

    efmgt K9 efmgdwmgt* h y0+ (

    5 194 - 1399 K9 efmgdwmgt*d( 3373 efmgt DF9 efmgdwmgt

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    99 Efmay Eatt Efmay eatt ht ~jg eatt fl fkg efmg fl ~jg twit~akdg Wkh~? dm mr- H" ^jg efmay eatt fl a twit~akdg ht kwegyhdammx gqwam ~f ~jg A- fy Eyfl ~jg twit~akdggb eatt fl 1 efmg fl J9F efmgdwmgt 5 9*13( + 13 ne1% % h)%? hh"

    / q ky"U/y"|"! fO A?% myAmp[]plhy w] yf>Gfm ??"a

    OOD 933: Sabg > fl 97

    Kf~g? 1 ne 5 13 de ;om ne~ 5 13q3Vgk4 5 1333 e&

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    hm ? -y-y~)~g ~jg kweigy fl KJ4 efmgdwmgt hk 1< ne4 fl KJt a~ t~s P>"43 z 1394UH !%?%khflKJt5 %

    Kf fl KJ4 efmgdwmgt 5

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    -- h%%%~ ]y% ]&%h% HH "1 ? "my"

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    OOD 933: Sabg 7 fl97

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    4 Bamdwma~hfk fl Geshyhday akn Efygdwyay LfyewyagDaknhna~gt tjfwmn ig aimg ~f?*n( nglmkg ~jg ~gyet geshyhda~ akn efmgdwmay lfyewmag*g( damdwma~g geshyhdam akn efmgdwmay lfyewmag- wthkb dfeiwt~hfk na~a fy dfesfth~hfk ix eatt

    GeshyhdamLfyyxywmaEfmgdwmayLfyewma

    Eg~jakg?Iw~akg?Bmwdftg?

    Geshyhdam LfyewmaDJ+DJtdJ9f

    Efmgdwmay LfyewmaDJqD+JyfD7J19F7

    " Gq 41?^jg f&f ix eatt fl gmgegk~t hk dfesfwk n Z *Ey511>( ayg D?

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    "yykftg ht a twbay ~ja~ dfk~ahkQ fkmx dayifk- jxnyfbgk akn fzxbgk akn jat a ygma~h|g% dmgdwmay eatt fl 1:3 A 94< b taesmg fl eakkftg rat lfwkn fk akamxtht ~f dfk~ahkF 8>> b fl dayifk akn 317: b fl jxnyfbgk Lhkn ~jg efmgdwmay lfyewma fl eakkftgHd Damdwma~hfkt fk Ygad~hfkt% Daknhna~gt tjfw&n ig aimg ~f?

    >1HH

    *l( ryh~g akn&fy dfkt~ywd~ iamakdgn gqwa~hfkt*b( sgylfye damdwma~hfkt- hkdmwnhkb wtg fl ~jg efmg dfkdgs~- hk|fm|hkb*h( ygad~hkb eattgt *lyfe lfyewmag akn gqwa~hfkt(0*hh( |fmwegt fl batgt *g8 hk ~jg iwykhkb fl jxnyfdayifkt(0*hhh( |fmwegt%akn dfkdgk~ya~hfkt fl tfmw~hfkt*j( ngnwdg t~fhdjhfeg~yhd ygma~hfktjhst lyfe damdwma~hfkt twdj at ~jftg hk *b(

    Ygad~hfkt akn Gqwa~hfktDjgehdam gqwa~hfkt tjfwmn amraxt ig iamakdgn- rh~j amm t~a~g txeifmt rjgk ygqwhygnmfkhd gqwa~hfkt ayg djgehdam gqwa~hfkt ~ja~ tjfr fkmx ~jg ygad~hkb tsgdhgt mfkt ~ja~ ayg )kg!VMygMX%gbhk a djgehdam ygad~hfk ayg dammgn tsgd~a~fy hfktTfeg iathd djgehdam ygad~hfkt ayg qh|gk igmfra%

    !

    Ygad~hfk Ygeay`*a( Ygad~h|g eg~am + JF*m( %+ eg~am jxnyfzhng + J*b( Eg~amt aif|g Eb hk ygad~h|y~x tgyhgt*^aimg 1( ygad~ rh~j dfmn ra~gy*i( Ygad~h|g eg~am + adhn %+ tam~ + J*b( a~amt aif|g J9 hk ygad~h|h~x tgkmgtaimg 1( ygad~ rh~j nhmw~g adhn

    Eg~am jxnyfzhng fy eg~amfzhng + adhn + tam~ + JF*N*n( Eg~am dayifka~g fy eg~am jxnyfbgkdayifka~g + adhn

    %+ tam~ + DF*8( + JF*h(aam KJa/ tam~ + iatg%%%%%+ tam~ + KJa*b( + JF*N*3 Si*Kf4(9*aq( + 9KaD&*aq( %+ Sidm9*t( + 9KaKft*aq(

    fy Si9/*aq( ~ _Dl*aq( %+ SiDH9*t( Sygdhsh~a~hfk fl hktfmwimg dfesfwknt*^aimg 4(*b( Iwykhkb fl jxnyfdayifkt mh`g?

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    *j( Eb*t( + k"%*aq( %%; Eb"%*aq( + _k*t( Nhtsmadgegk~ ygad~hfk *^aimg 1(D&*aq( + 9H%*aQ( %+ 9Dl*aq( + H*aq( Nhtsmadgegk~ ygad~hfk *^aimg 9(*h( *b( + 4J*b( /9KJt*b( - o- Jaigy Syfdgtt? yg|gythimg ygag~hfk

    OOD 933: Sabg^ fl97

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    ^aimg 1Ygad~h|h~|fl Tfeg Eg~amtYgnwdhkb sfrgy fl

    eg~am ngdygatgt lyfe@hKa "BaEb h)A~ -%_kM

    "LfHSW)%y-- *J( myhDw% Ab)y Aw

    ^aimg 9Ygad~h|m~| flTfeg Kfk%eg~amt

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    L9DmIygm9

    Damdwma~hfk fk

    ^aimg 4 Ra~gy~ Ahm Byfws meg~am hfkt mh`g Ka/- @/ akn amm KJa/ ayg

    ywfln~ka~ ^aimgt 2-9 akn 4 aif|g ayg KF^ gzjawt~h|g akn ~jgx ayghwt~ a bgkgyam bwhng>9 T~fhdjhfeg~y|"A iamakdgn gqwa~hfk hknhda~gt ~jg syfsfy~hfkt hk rjhdj ygad~ak~t ewt~ ygad~ ~f bh|g lhzgnsyfsfy~hfk fl syfnwd~t ^jg gqwa~hfk nfgt KF^ hknhda~g ~jg ad~wam aefwk~ hk rjhdj ~jg ygad~ak~t ayg sygtgk~ hk ~jg

    DkAtfmwNmg iXl] g+jf-[O0y Amm KF4%- JDF4% akn DJaDFF% ayg tfmwimg "4 Amm Dm%akn Ih ayg tfmwimg gzdgs~ ~ja~ fl Ab/- Si9/> Aml TF>9% ayg tfmwimg gzdgs~ ~ja~ fl Ia9/- Si/ " "-7 Amm DF49%- FJ% akn 39% ayg hktfmwimg gzdgs~ ~ja~Byfws H eg~am hfkt akn KJa"

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    ] @]-m)} h]%%mna?hm

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    Damdwma~hfk fk Ygad~hfkt? M"ehm

    ?%? ygad~ak~t ayg kf~ anngn hk ~jg t~fhdjhfeg~yhd syfsfy~hfkt Fkg fy efyg fl ~jg ygad~ak~t?? wtgn hk gzdgtt akn ht kf~ wtgn ws dfesmg~gmx hk ~jg ygad~hfk ^jg aefwk~ fl syfnwa0~ yt5 % fg~gyehkgn ix ~jg aefwk~ fl ~jg mheh~hkb ygabgk~ wtgn Mheh~hkb ygabgk~ ht ~jg ygabgk~ ~ja~%f~ wtgn hk gzdgtt akn jgkdg- rhmm ig dfesmg~gmx wtgn ws hk ~jg ygad~hfk

    Gq >9? Rjgk 3943 b fl tfnhwe eg~am ht ygad~gn rh~j gzdgtt ra~gy ~f bh|g tfnhwkkkxFyfhmFg akn jxnyfbgk bat- lhkn ~jg |fmweg fl bat g|fm|gn a~ t~s P3119 ne4UT~gs 1? Ryh~g a iamakdgn gqwa~hfk lfy ~jg ygad~hfkH 1"m%- ]T~gs 9? Ng~gyehkg ~jg mheh~hkb ygabgk~H y ht ~jg mheh~hkb ygabgk~Tlgs 40 Nf ~jg damdwma~hfktAefwk~ fl Ka 5 ( %MO0 y- y

    ( Thkdg\fmweg fl J9 Syfnwdgn a~ t~S 5"& /~"h)o ~) ")mm"m"%"~? %m ) 1

    H *- &)Gq >6? Rja~ eatt fl AbD& rhmm ig lfyegn rjgk a tfmw~hfk fl 133 de4 fl 3133 ykfm ne%4]%%&" KaD& akn a tfmw~hfk fl 173 de4 fl 3397 efm Fe%4 kbyxFyayg ehzgn6 ~3374: bm

    T~gs 1? Ryh~g a iamakdgn gqwa~hfk lfy ~jg ygad~hfk!]dym~ py-?- %] "+ A)11K m-?-"-

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    Tlgs 40 Nf ~jg damdwma~hfkt

    -1 "% }-HH~ h )""(""" &ht ~jg yheh~hkb ygabgk~lw?

    %%" HFF de4 fl mgan*mm( kh~ya~g tfmw~hfk fl dfkdgk~ya~hfk 33733 efm ne%4 rat ~yga~gn rh~j akgzdgtt fl djmfyhng hfkt hk tfmw~hfk ^jg sygdhsh~a~g fl mgan*mm( djmfyhng lfyegn rat nyhgn aknrghbjgn akn a eatt fl 1177: b rat ygdfyngn*a( Damdwma~g ~jg gzsgd~gn eatt fl mgan*mm( djmfyhng sygdhsh~a~g P148 bU3 l m?" ~" 3 !m(= h[ h Hq0-"hm"-h%""-?)?h-x%%~~ h " ~ %V H a "-y p%--y o -2 [mlmm !mh-? % )% " % hh]"" h-" V%"y%%m%%y%% -&" ? ? ~~ ?6 a

    *i( Rja~ sgydgk~abg xhgmn nfgt ~jht ygsygtgk~6 1:49'mSgydgk~abg xhgmn 5!"0hm%& y%? "

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    hhm?*"?% "

    m]%"OOD 933: Sabg 8 fl97

    ;= %"m g ~~

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    ~hfk fk Ygad~hfkt? Damdwma~hfkt fk Dfeiw%5

    G~jgkg ygad~t rh~j fzxbgk addfynhkb ~f ~jg gqwa~hfkDJ+*b( + 4 f*8( + 9 Df9*b( + 9 Jf*m(

    g~jgkg rat ehzgn rh~j 73 de4UD9Ja*b( +

    Bh|gk& de4 ? 17Wtgn& de4 ?

    Ygeahkgn& de4 ?Mheh~hkb ygabgk~ ht

    " \fmweg fl DF9 lfyegn 5

    Damdwma~hfkt fk Dfeiwt~hfk Ygad~hfkt Bgkgyam Gqwa~hfk?

    4 F*b( %+ 9 DF*b( + 9 JF*m(

    )6 [ [-\)(/"] Ka a

    hfry" ?-% MKf~g? ^jg qwgt~hfk at`t lfy )lhkam |fmweg fl ~jg ehz~wyg) a~ y~s?

    Thkdg JF ht a mhqwhn a~ yffe ~gesgya~wyg-Lhkam |fmweg fl ygad~hfk ehz~wyg 5 \fm fl gzdgtt F + \fm fl DF lfyegn5 m~ } )my+}D

    )m" h y%-%>>

    D

    BF9 ygad~gn arax ix KaFJ?a lwy~jgy dfk~yad~hfk hk|fmweg

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    ,.0~./l~+ //Of0~g~/?llh-ptu"/ u//0f

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    fk Ygad~hf t fk Dfeiwt~

    0%/1 fl a jxnyfdayifk rat iwykgn hk 23 de4 fl fz%|bgk ~f bh|g 43 de4 fl DF 93 de4 fl Faygeahkgn a~ ~jg gkn fl ~jg ygad~hfk Rja~ ht ~jg lfyewma fl ~jg jxnyfdayifk6 PD4JtU

    mkh~ham |fm & de4 13Lhkam |fm & de4\fmweg fl 39 ygad~gn 5Dfesayg DyJ- ?DF91%X

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    d-J-*I( + *z /_( fy*b( %+ zdfy*b( + MUJyf *~(2393

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    -pq >2?13 de4 fl a jxnyfdayifk- D-Jy- rat gzsmfngn rh~j 113 de4 fl fzxbgk ^jg ~f~ah%)0mwy) al~gy ~jg gzsmfthfk rat :7 de4- rjhdj ngdygatgn ~f 47 de4 fk tja`hkb rh~j gzdgtttfnhwe jxnyfzhng Amm |fmwegt rgyg egatwygn a~ y~s*a( Ryh~g a iamakdgn gqwa~hfk- hkdmwnhkb t~a~g txeifmt- lfy ~jg dfeiwt~hfkD w"%)) ~)o*i( Ngnwdg ~jg efmgdwmay lfyewma fl ~jg jxnyfdayifk PDtJ1fU

    L%m%%hmkmg))t~k)t) m H} 13 de" H l%%%%%%%%%%% ~jyfwbj[gzdgtt H k HH ~6l$) H -%7 m)f-"f"")3%/m %%/5%;m)m$)?O"i- } "y%%mm0$ywi0m >Iglfyg ygad~hfk Al~gy ygad~fm%m d?fmgn ~f DF- ygad~gnrh~jm"mafJ"1y)

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    "" L~"mb? 933 de4 fl a jxnyfdayifk- D-Jy- rgyg gzsmfngn rh~j ak gzdgtt fl fzxbgk A%%dfk~yad~hfk fl 733 de~ fddwyhgn Fk ~yga~hkb ~jg ygtwm~hkb ehz~wyg rh~j gzdgtt tfnhwejxnyfzhng- a lwy~jgy dfk~yad~hfk fl :33 de~ fddwyygn Amm |fmwegt rgyg egatwygn a~ y~s*a( Rjx rat gzdgtt fzxbgk ygqwhygn6"1]"V1% - yyV[0m b-1%1 --?yy 1-- y V1 /+ j-Any~g y~6lwy*i( Ngnwdg ~jg efmgdwmay lfyewma fl ~jg jxnyfdayifk PD+JfU

    mhk l ?%l d-p~ yh[yy-m

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    yy " M(>%9w]2" VX Vy%+\% ? %!%|q%~f% D"y,[~m h "-/~ %+ b- yyy~>l "y=ym %

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    l[Al%-M-yyy~q& yd]y|%]-H%]/ y--l0 p[q/]%(d gyyhhyN%

    OOD 933: Sabg 19 fl97